Gematologiya I Transfuziologiya最新文献

Peripheral blood (PB) neutrophils and lymphocytes from 14 patients with immune neutropenia were studied using the technique of rosette-formation in 2 neutrophil fractions with diverse specific density. All the neutropenia cases were divided into 2 groups by phagocytosis completeness in all the PB neutrophil types studied. Patients of group 1 had impaired phagocytosis D-RFN in elevated levels of these cells, autorosette-forming lymphocytes and neutrophils. Patients of group 2 had defective phagocytosis D-RFN and EAC-RFN in combination with extremely high contents of autorosette-forming including early lymphocytes. The above complex of techniques may be used for prediction of the duration and severity of neutropenia which is important for further selective studies into the causes of neutropenia and effective treatment.

In spite of the fact that official statistical data show lower cancer morbidity of pediatric population in Russia than in Europe and USA (9.7 against 13.8 and 13.6, respectively), real cancer incidence may be close to mean incidence in Europe and USA as in Moscow it is 14.8 in boys and 12.0 in girls. Lower numbers in some other regions may be attributable to low standards of cancer diagnosis and inadequate case registration. In Moscow where standards of children's hematological service are high the proportion of some malignancies is the following: hemoblastoses-48.5%, CNS tumors-19.8%, neuroblastoma-8.0%, renal tumors-6.5%, sarcomas of soft tissues and bones-2.4 and 4.6%, respectively. The efficacy of anticancer treatment of children in many regions of Russia is poor, but the situation may be changed for the best by introduction of new approaches developed in the Moscow Research Institute of Pediatric Hematology.

The interaction of human peripheral blood leukocytes with alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), its glycoforms as well as neoglyco-conjugates representing carbohydrate chains of AGP or its fragments was studied by flow cytometry. It was shown that the main target cells for AGP as well as for conjugates of its carbohydrate chains with polyacrylamide (PAA) are monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes but not lymphocytes. The interaction of AGP with monocytes and granulocytes are mediated by its carbohydrate chains: the binding of AGP with cells was inhibited by AGP, AGP oligosaccharides as well as conjugates of oligosaccharides and its fragments with PAA. The data obtained show the existence of monocyte (and granulocyte) receptors which interact with complex type sialooligosaccharides of AGP.

Possible influence of most frequently encountered types of pathology during pregnancy on the cell composition of umbilical cord blood was studied. These pathologies included: treated iron-deficiency anemia, essential hypertension, threatening spontaneous abortion. A number and proliferative potential of granulocyte-macrophage precursor cells of umbilical cord blood were studied by agar drop-liquid media culture method. It was found that the types of pathology studied do not influence cell composition, number and proliferative potential of granulocyte-macrophage precursor cells from umbilical cord blood. These results show that umbilical cord blood after pathological pregnancy can be considered as a source of transplantable hemopoietic cells.

Cyclosporin A (CA) was used in the treatment of 2 patients with acquired aplastic anemia. Upon reaching hematological remission these children had recurrence consequent to dose lowering or discontinuation of CA. The remission occurred again when full-dose CA treatment was resumed. Slow 2-year decrease in CA dose led to uneventful end of CA treatment without deterioration of blood picture.

The advances in transplantation of hemopoietic stem cells (HSC) from umbilical human blood (UHB) necessitate introduction of effective methods of HSC isolation and preservation. The studies show that UHB cells remained viable even after several days of storage at room temperature. Density gradients proved effective for isolation of cell precursors from UHB. Most of hemopoietic cell-precursors in UHB have low density (under 1.070 g/ml) which becomes greater with cell maturation.