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Impact of linearly increasing heat flux on the ignition of wildland fuels 线性增加的热通量对荒地燃料点火的影响
IF 3.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104622
Javier Gallardo , Constanza Burgos , Pedro Reszka , Andrés Fuentes , Rodrigo Demarco
An experimental and theoretical study was conducted on the ignition delay time of a forest fuel layer under controlled varying radiative conditions. Experimental data were collected using the Idealized-Firebrand Ignition Test (I-FIT) apparatus, which uses a cylindrical heater to emit a linearly increasing incident heat flux. Data acquisition ensured precise temporal resolution throughout the entire test. The experimental ignition time was then compared to predictions from a theoretical model based on the energy balance of the fuel layer. A simplified analytical solution was obtained for temperature evolution, providing an estimated ignition delay time at different incident heat fluxes. This methodology provides an estimation of the critical heat flux without requiring additional experiments. Special attention was given to the ignition temperature criteria by comparing estimated values with measured quantities. To understand how assumptions affected the simplified analytical solutions, a numerical solution was also compared. The narrow scatter observed confirms the reproducibility of the thoroughly characterized I-FIT apparatus. As the heating rate slope increases, the ignition delay and total energy required decrease. While the model provides useful first-order predictions, it relies on simplifying assumptions whose implications are discussed transparently.
对可控变辐射条件下森林燃料层的点火延迟时间进行了实验和理论研究。实验数据的收集使用理想点火试验(I-FIT)装置,该装置使用圆柱形加热器发射线性增加的入射热流。数据采集确保了整个测试过程中精确的时间分辨率。然后将实验点火时间与基于燃料层能量平衡的理论模型预测的点火时间进行比较。得到了温度演化的简化解析解,给出了不同入射热通量下的点火延迟时间估计。这种方法提供了临界热通量的估计,而不需要额外的实验。通过比较估计值和实测值,特别注意了点火温度标准。为了了解假设如何影响简化解析解,还比较了数值解。观察到的窄散射证实了完全表征的I-FIT装置的再现性。随着升温速率斜率的增大,点火延迟时间和所需总能量减小。虽然该模型提供了有用的一阶预测,但它依赖于简化的假设,其含义被透明地讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Economic analysis of fire and rescue service activities: A scoping review 消防和救援服务活动的经济分析:范围审查
IF 3.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104624
Sara Waring , Susan Giles , Caitlin Bromley , Michelle Maden , Angela Boland , Emily Ashworth , Gayatri Pandey
Fire and rescue services (FRSs) are under growing pressure to demonstrate efficiency, effectiveness, and value for money amid constrained public resources. This study provides the first comprehensive synthesis and critical appraisal of the economic evidence base on FRS activity. A scoping review of scientific and grey literature published between 2010 and 2024 consolidated analyses from the UK and internationally to determine which areas of FRS work have been economically evaluated and what methods and measures were used. Twenty-six publications met the inclusion criteria (23 quantitative, three mixed methods). A narrative synthesis of economic evaluations showed that studies have focus mainly on three domains: (i) prevention, including risk-based resource allocation; (ii) fire suppression; and (iii) inter-agency collaboration. Despite varied approaches, few studies offered transparent cost breakdowns or methodological detail, limiting comparability and generalisability. By mapping this fragmented evidence landscape, the review highlights key methodological gaps and proposes appropriate metrics for future evaluation. It establishes a foundation for more rigorous and transparent economic assessment, providing insights to inform strategic resourcing, demonstrate public value, and support evidence-led policy and investment across UK FRSs.
在公共资源有限的情况下,消防和救援服务(FRSs)面临着越来越大的压力,需要证明效率、有效性和物有所值。本研究首次对基于财务报告活动的经济证据进行了全面综合和批判性评估。对2010年至2024年间发表的科学文献和灰色文献进行了范围审查,综合了英国和国际上的分析,以确定FRS工作的哪些领域进行了经济评估,以及使用了哪些方法和措施。26篇文献符合纳入标准(定量方法23篇,混合方法3篇)。对经济评价的叙述综合表明,研究主要集中在三个领域:(i)预防,包括基于风险的资源分配;(ii)灭火;(三)机构间协作。尽管方法多种多样,但很少有研究提供透明的成本细目或方法细节,限制了可比性和普遍性。通过绘制这一支离破碎的证据格局,本综述突出了方法上的关键差距,并为今后的评估提出了适当的指标。它为更严格和透明的经济评估奠定了基础,为战略资源提供了信息,展示了公共价值,并支持英国财务报告中心的循证政策和投资。
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引用次数: 0
Study on forest fire protection mechanism based on organosilicon MC composite hydrogel 基于有机硅MC复合水凝胶的森林防火机理研究
IF 3.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104616
Bo You , Zhe Gong , Zhanjun Wu , Yi Lu , Mingyun Tang , Yuchen Song
In this paper, an environmentally friendly, efficiently adiabatic, and dynamically responsive siloxane composite hydrogel is constructed. It utilises a chemically simple, stable, and biocompatible trisiloxane wetting agent as its core, with a natural cellulose derivative, methylcellulose (MC), serving as the hydrogel matrix. Additionally, it incorporates highly efficient fire-resistant and flame-retardant additives. The composite hydrogel exhibits shear-thinning behaviour (0 < n < 1), allowing for a reduction in viscosity during pipeline transport while retaining its adhesive properties upon application. Temperature-responsive phase transitions, regulated by MC and trisiloxane concentration gradients, balance flowability, high-temperature adhesion, and rapid thermal adaptation. Enhanced thermal stability is achieved through DMMP-induced char formation, which elevates the residual yield from 6.51 % to 13.91 % and forms an insulating barrier against heat and oxygen. Standard 1A wood crib fire tests demonstrate superior performance: the optimized hydrogel extinguishes flames within 126 s, achieves an average cooling rate of 6.13 °C/s, and prevents re-ignition (compared to 150 s for water and 147 s for Class A foam). Key mechanisms include oxygen-blocking phase-change layers, deep fuel penetration via high wettability, persistent insulation from carbonized gel networks, and dynamic flame inhibition. This study provides theoretical and technical support for the development of siloxane hydrogel forest fire suppression technology, demonstrating significant academic value and potential for engineering applications.
本文构建了一种环境友好、高效绝热、动态响应的硅氧烷复合水凝胶。它以化学上简单、稳定、生物相容性好的三硅氧烷润湿剂为核心,以天然纤维素衍生物甲基纤维素(MC)作为水凝胶基质。此外,它还含有高效耐火和阻燃添加剂。复合水凝胶表现出剪切减薄行为(0 < n < 1),允许在管道运输过程中降低粘度,同时在应用时保持其粘合性能。温度响应相变,由MC和三硅氧烷浓度梯度调节,平衡流动性,高温粘附性和快速热适应。通过dmmp诱导的焦炭形成,提高了热稳定性,将剩余收率从6.51%提高到13.91%,并形成了隔热屏障。标准1A木床防火测试显示了卓越的性能:优化的水凝胶在126秒内熄灭火焰,达到6.13°C/s的平均冷却速度,并防止再燃(相比之下,水为150秒,A类泡沫为147秒)。关键机制包括阻氧相变层、通过高润湿性渗透深层燃料、与碳化凝胶网络的持久绝缘以及动态抑焰。本研究为硅氧烷水凝胶森林灭火技术的发展提供了理论和技术支持,具有重要的学术价值和工程应用潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Spruce wood degradation: Specific heat and enthalpy of reactions — Effect of the gas flow rate 云杉木材的降解。反应的比热和焓。气体流速的影响
IF 3.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104608
Hassan Flity , Yann Le Brech , Mariam Abdo , Zoubir Acem , Gilles Parent
This work investigates the heat of reaction involved in the pyrolysis of spruce wood, with a particular focus on the effect of the carrier gas flow rate. A global multi-reaction mechanism previously developed in an earlier study [1], was employed to describe mass loss behavior. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements were performed using a special fixed bed setup, enabling the analysis of gas flow rate effects on heat release. By combining the reaction scheme with a heat balance model, the heat flux measured by DSC was separated into sensible heat and reaction heat. The results showed three main decomposition stages. An exothermic peak occurred first around 320 °C, followed by an endothermic peak at 360 °C. The reaction heat of these two reactions depended on the gas flow rate, which can be explained by the competition between an exothermic secondary char formation process and an endothermic tar evaporation process. Finally, a third exothermic peak was observed at 420 °C, which was attributed to cross-linking reactions in the char. This phenomenon was found to be independent of the carrier gas flow rate. Finally, correlations were developed between the reaction heat of each reaction in the scheme and the final char yield of the sample.
本文研究了云杉木材热解过程中的反应热,重点研究了载气流速的影响。在早期研究b[1]中提出的一个全局多反应机制被用来描述质量损失行为。差示扫描量热法(DSC)测量使用特殊的固定床装置进行,可以分析气体流速对热量释放的影响。将反应方案与热平衡模型相结合,将DSC测得的热流分为显热和反应热。结果表明,其主要分为三个分解阶段。在320°C左右首先出现放热峰,然后在360°C出现吸热峰。这两种反应的反应热取决于气体流速,这可以解释为放热的二次成焦过程和吸热的焦油蒸发过程之间的竞争。最后,在420°C时观察到第三个放热峰,这归因于炭中的交联反应。发现这种现象与载气流速无关。最后,建立了方案中各反应的反应热与样品最终炭产率之间的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Flame extinction of thermally thick PMMA in Earth gravity versus microgravity: A comparison of Earth and on-orbit space experiments 热厚聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯在地球重力和微重力下的消焰:地球和在轨空间实验的比较
IF 3.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104625
Christina Liveretou , Jose Rivera , Madeleine Bardy , Carlos Fernandez-Pello , Michael Gollner , Lilly Etzenbach , Maria Thomsen , Sandra Olson , Paul Ferkul
Future spacecraft may operate at sub-atmospheric pressures and elevated oxygen concentrations to reduce preparation time for extra-vehicular activities. It is important to understand fire behavior and the fire risk of materials brought aboard a spacecraft. The limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) is one of the parameters used to determine the flammability of solid fuels. This work aims to compare the LOC for opposed flame spread extinction of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in sub-atmospheric microgravity and Earth-gravity environments. Experiments with cylindrical PMMA samples are conducted in a combustion chamber in the Integrated Combustion Rack (CIR) on the International Space Station (ISS), as well as on laboratory facilities on Earth, at sub-atmospheric pressures with a forced flow of 10 cm/s opposed (counter-current) to the flame spread direction. The oxygen concentration in the chamber decreases naturally at a constant ambient pressure as a result of the PMMA combustion until flame extinction. Results show the LOC in microgravity is lower than at Earth gravity, meaning that flame spread can be sustained at lower oxygen concentrations in reduced buoyancy. The findings confirm that flammability test methods conducted in normal gravity and atmospheric pressure are not conservative enough for the conditions future spacecraft are expected to operate in.
未来的航天器可能在亚大气压力和高氧浓度下运行,以减少舱外活动的准备时间。了解航天器上携带的材料的火灾行为和火灾风险非常重要。极限氧浓度(LOC)是测定固体燃料可燃性的参数之一。本研究的目的是比较聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)在亚大气微重力和地球重力环境下的对向火焰蔓延熄灭的LOC。圆柱形PMMA样品的实验在国际空间站(ISS)的综合燃烧架(CIR)的燃烧室以及地球上的实验室设施中进行,在亚大气压下,与火焰传播方向相反(逆流)的强制流量为10厘米/秒。由于PMMA燃烧直到火焰熄灭,室中的氧浓度在恒定的环境压力下自然降低。结果表明,微重力条件下的LOC比重力条件下的LOC要低,这意味着在较低的氧浓度和较低的浮力条件下,火焰可以持续传播。研究结果证实,在正常重力和大气压下进行的可燃性测试方法对于未来航天器预期的运行条件来说不够保守。
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引用次数: 0
Non-gray radiation modeling of methanol pool fires using the RC-FSK method in FDS FDS中RC-FSK方法对甲醇池火灾的非灰色辐射建模
IF 3.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104606
Soroush Rashidzadeh , Fabian Brännström , Chandan Paul , Somesh Roy , Hadi Bordbar , Simo Hostikka
This study presents a high-fidelity modeling framework for capturing non-gray radiative heat transfer in methanol pool fires. A global non-gray radiation model, based on the Rank Correlated Full Spectrum k-distribution (RC-FSK) method was implemented as a subroutine within the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The simulations were conducted in decoupled and coupled computational fluid dynamics configurations, comparing the performance of RC-FSK to gray approach from RadCal. In the decoupled configuration, RC-FSK predictions showed strong agreement with photon Monte Carlo line-by-line (PMC-LBL) benchmark, significantly improving the accuracy of gas-phase radiative source term, radiative emission and radiative heat flux estimates. In coupled simulations, a two-zone subgrid approach was used in conjunction to RC-FSK and RadCal to model turbulence–radiation interaction. Both models reproduced the main flow features; however, RC-FSK predicted higher emission values within the flame core, resulting in a more pronounced radiative cooling effect. It also yielded elevated absorption levels, particularly in absorption-dominant regions. RadCal was shown to under-predict both radiative emission and absorption, producing a compensating effect that leads to acceptable agreement in the global integrated quantities.
本研究提出了一个高保真建模框架,用于捕获甲醇池火灾中的非灰色辐射传热。基于秩相关全谱k分布(RC-FSK)方法的全局非灰色辐射模型作为子程序在火力动力学模拟器(FDS)中实现。在解耦和耦合计算流体动力学配置下进行了仿真,比较了RC-FSK方法与RadCal灰色方法的性能。在解耦配置下,RC-FSK预测结果与光子蒙特卡罗逐行(PMC-LBL)基准具有较强的一致性,显著提高了气相辐射源项、辐射发射和辐射热通量估算的准确性。在耦合模拟中,将两区子网格方法与RC-FSK和RadCal结合使用来模拟湍流-辐射相互作用。两种模型都再现了主要的流程特征;然而,RC-FSK预测火焰核心内的发射值更高,导致更明显的辐射冷却效应。它也产生了更高的吸收水平,特别是在吸收优势区域。RadCal对辐射发射和吸收的预测都不足,产生了一种补偿效应,导致全球综合量的一致性可以接受。
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引用次数: 0
A methodology for the integration of fire risk in building life cycle analysis 建筑生命周期分析中火灾风险的集成方法
IF 3.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104601
Axel Mossberg , Cecilia Wetterqvist , Louise Holmstedt , Margaret McNamee
Calculation of the climate impact of buildings is becoming increasingly prevalent. In this context, understanding the comprehensive environmental impact of buildings, including fire risk, is crucial. This study investigates a method to incorporate the impact of fire risk on the climate footprint of buildings using Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). The paper focuses on several building types: single-family homes, apartment buildings, schools, offices, commercial buildings, and pre-schools. The analysis highlights that the inclusion of fire risk is essential for accurate climate impact assessments. By incorporating fire risk into LCA calculations, the study reveals that fire risk can contribute significantly to a building's climate impact. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the installation of sprinkler systems can reduce the climate impact, measured in CO2-equivalents, of fire risk by up to 67–78 % in schools and commercial buildings. The findings suggest that for buildings with longer lifespans, integrating fire risk into LCA becomes increasingly important. The study concludes by recommending that policymakers and environmental certification systems incorporate fire risk considerations into LCA methodologies to ensure comprehensive and realistic assessments of buildings' climate impacts, mitigating the risk of sub-optimization of fire protective strategies due to the lack of having the complete picture in the building LCA.
建筑对气候影响的计算正变得越来越普遍。在这种情况下,了解建筑对环境的综合影响,包括火灾风险,是至关重要的。本研究探讨了一种利用生命周期分析(LCA)将火灾风险对建筑物气候足迹的影响纳入研究的方法。本文重点研究了几种建筑类型:单户住宅、公寓楼、学校、办公室、商业建筑和幼儿园。分析强调,纳入火灾风险对于准确评估气候影响至关重要。通过将火灾风险纳入LCA计算,该研究表明,火灾风险对建筑物的气候影响有很大影响。此外,该研究表明,在学校和商业建筑中,安装喷水灭火系统可以将火灾风险的气候影响(以二氧化碳当量衡量)降低67 - 78%。研究结果表明,对于寿命较长的建筑物,将火灾风险纳入LCA变得越来越重要。该研究最后建议决策者和环境认证系统将火灾风险因素纳入LCA方法,以确保对建筑物气候影响进行全面和现实的评估,减少由于缺乏对建筑物LCA的完整了解而导致消防策略次优化的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Research on the suppression effect of wire mesh on low - density polyethylene dust explosion 金属丝网对低密度聚乙烯粉尘爆炸的抑制作用研究
IF 3.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104603
Kai Yang , Zhaorui Zheng , Jihe Chen , Shuaishuai Huang , Yuguo Fu , Yuan Zhang , Pengfei Lv , Jing Shen , Xiangyang Du
To investigate the synergistic effects of wire mesh configuration (including quantity and spatial placement) and dust physicochemical characteristics on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) dust explosion suppression, this study through high-speed camera technology and pressure monitoring, analyzes the dynamic interactions between these critical parameters and their collective impact on flame propagation behavior and overpressure evolution patterns during explosion events. The findings demonstrate that the number of wire mesh layers (L), position, and dust characteristics exert synergistic inhibitory effects on flame propagation patterns and overpressure distribution characteristics. Single-layer metallic wire mesh structures can partially augment combustion wavefront development in particulate cloud explosions. When LDPE dust has the same particle size distribution, the average flame velocity will decrease as L increases. Additionally, it experiences an increase initially, followed by a decrease as the distance between the wire mesh and the ignition source (H) increases. The higher L of the metal wire mesh and the closer to the ignition source, the greater its extinguishing effect on the explosion flame. Meanwhile, this will concurrently increase the distribution of overpressure in the pipeline, resulting in non-uniformity. Overpressure at the pipe base is correlated negatively with particle size, positively with L, increases and then decreases with the increase of H and dust cloud concentration (C). Furthermore, if H is positioned less than 0.45 m, enhancing the layer quantity, or spacing can inversely diminish the pressure relief effectiveness. Consequently, integrating the interplay of C, particle size, L, and H is crucial in metal wire mesh-based explosion mitigation designs.
为了研究金属丝网结构(包括数量和空间布置)和粉尘物理化学特性对低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)粉尘爆炸抑制的协同作用,本研究通过高速摄像机技术和压力监测,分析了这些关键参数之间的动态相互作用及其对爆炸事件中火焰传播行为和超压演变模式的共同影响。结果表明,金属丝网层数(L)、位置和粉尘特性对火焰传播模式和超压分布特性具有协同抑制作用。在颗粒云爆炸中,单层金属丝网结构可以部分增强燃烧波前发展。当LDPE粉尘粒径分布相同时,平均火焰速度随L的增大而减小。此外,随着金属丝网与点火源(H)之间距离的增加,它首先增加,然后减小。金属丝网的L值越高,离点火源越近,对爆炸火焰的灭火效果越大。同时,这也会增加管道内的超压分布,造成不均匀性。管底超压与粒径呈负相关,与L呈正相关,随H和尘云浓度(C)的增加先增大后减小。此外,当H小于0.45 m时,增加层数或间距会相反地降低泄压效果。因此,在基于金属丝网的防爆设计中,整合C、粒径、L和H的相互作用至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Thermal creep behavior in structural steel: Explicit vs. implicit approach 结构钢的热蠕变行为:显式与隐式方法
IF 3.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104607
Abdul Kader M. El Hamoui, Elie G. Hantouche
This paper presents the explicit and implicit approaches for predicting the thermal creep behavior of steel at high temperatures. The explicit creep modeling is defined when the steel material is subjected to constant load and temperature conditions, and the only variable is time. The creep strains are added directly into the strain profile of the cross section of the steel material. This approach can be performed using experimental work and finite element (FE) simulations. The implicit creep modeling is defined when the steel material is subjected to variable stress or temperature or both together. In this case, the creep strains are implicitly included in the stress-strain curve of the material. The selection between the two approaches is presented in this paper based on a comprehensive synthesis of the characteristics, applications, advantages, and limitations of both approaches, emphasizing their practical relevance in the structural fire engineering field. Through comparison, the study shows that while the explicit creep approach is effective for steady-state fire analysis, implicit creep offers a more realistic approach for predicting creep behavior under varying temperatures and loads. A methodology for explicit creep modeling is developed, including modifications to existing creep models and their implementation in the Abaqus software. Although implicit modeling in the FE software lacks standardized methodology, its predictive capabilities are crucial for designing fire-resistant steel structures. These two modeling approaches provide critical insights that allow engineers to understand the creep behavior of steel in fire-exposed structures and to choose the most suitable approach for the case that is being studied.
本文介绍了预测钢在高温下的热蠕变行为的显式和隐式方法。明确了钢材料在恒载恒温条件下的显式蠕变模型,且唯一变量为时间。蠕变应变直接加入到钢材料截面的应变曲线中。这种方法可以通过实验工作和有限元模拟来实现。定义了钢材料在变应力、变温度或变应力、变温度条件下的隐式蠕变模型。在这种情况下,蠕变应变隐含地包含在材料的应力-应变曲线中。本文在综合两种方法的特点、应用、优点和局限性的基础上,提出了两种方法之间的选择,强调了它们在结构消防工程领域的实际意义。通过比较,研究表明,显式蠕变方法对于稳态火灾分析是有效的,而隐式蠕变方法对于预测不同温度和荷载下的蠕变行为更为现实。开发了一种显式蠕变建模方法,包括对现有蠕变模型的修改及其在Abaqus软件中的实现。虽然有限元软件中的隐式建模缺乏标准化的方法,但其预测能力对于设计耐火钢结构至关重要。这两种建模方法提供了关键的见解,使工程师能够了解钢在火灾暴露结构中的蠕变行为,并为正在研究的情况选择最合适的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Preventing fire-induced brittle collapse of steel tubular space trusses for reliable early warning: From mechanisms to design strategy 防止钢管空间桁架火灾脆性倒塌的可靠预警:从机理到设计策略
IF 3.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104586
Jinyu Li , Shaojun Zhu , Guo-Qiang Li , Yongchang Wang
Steel tubular space truss structures are widely utilized in large-space buildings but are highly susceptible to collapse under fire conditions, posing a threat to firefighters. This study conducts extensive parametric analyses to understand all fire-induced collapse modes and mechanisms of steel tubular space trusses. There are four collapse modes, of which three are categorized as ductile and one is classified as brittle due to buckling of the web members in compression. Under the brittle collapse mode, it is difficult to reliably predict the collapse of the structure for real-time early warning. This paper recommends the elimination of this failure mode in all likely fire scenarios. A design strategy is proposed to ensure that the brittle buckling failure mode of web members does not happen before that of the adjacent members in tension, whose failure is ductile. Besides, the available escape time after the early warning level is issued can be changed by adjusting the critical temperatures of the compression web members. Numerical examples demonstrate that the available escape time can increase from 0 s to over 2 min, which increases the escape time for firefighters in large-span steel structures.
钢管空间桁架结构广泛应用于大空间建筑,但在火灾条件下极易倒塌,对消防人员构成威胁。本研究进行了广泛的参数分析,以了解钢管空间桁架的所有火灾倒塌模式和机制。有四种破坏模式,其中三种为延性破坏模式,一种为脆性破坏模式,这是由于腹板在压缩下的屈曲造成的。在脆性破坏模式下,很难对结构的破坏进行可靠的预测和实时预警。本文建议在所有可能的火灾场景中消除这种故障模式。提出了一种保证腹板构件脆性屈曲破坏模式不先于相邻构件脆性屈曲破坏模式发生的设计策略。通过调整压缩腹板构件的临界温度,可以改变预警级别发布后的有效逃生时间。数值算例表明,在大跨度钢结构中,有效逃生时间由0 s增加到2 min以上,增加了消防员的逃生时间。
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引用次数: 0
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