Fire Safety Journal最新文献_第3页

Study on forest fire protection mechanism based on organosilicon MC composite hydrogel 基于有机硅MC复合水凝胶的森林防火机理研究

IF 3.3 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Fire Safety Journal

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104616

Bo You , Zhe Gong , Zhanjun Wu , Yi Lu , Mingyun Tang , Yuchen Song

In this paper, an environmentally friendly, efficiently adiabatic, and dynamically responsive siloxane composite hydrogel is constructed. It utilises a chemically simple, stable, and biocompatible trisiloxane wetting agent as its core, with a natural cellulose derivative, methylcellulose (MC), serving as the hydrogel matrix. Additionally, it incorporates highly efficient fire-resistant and flame-retardant additives. The composite hydrogel exhibits shear-thinning behaviour (0 < n < 1), allowing for a reduction in viscosity during pipeline transport while retaining its adhesive properties upon application. Temperature-responsive phase transitions, regulated by MC and trisiloxane concentration gradients, balance flowability, high-temperature adhesion, and rapid thermal adaptation. Enhanced thermal stability is achieved through DMMP-induced char formation, which elevates the residual yield from 6.51 % to 13.91 % and forms an insulating barrier against heat and oxygen. Standard 1A wood crib fire tests demonstrate superior performance: the optimized hydrogel extinguishes flames within 126 s, achieves an average cooling rate of 6.13 °C/s, and prevents re-ignition (compared to 150 s for water and 147 s for Class A foam). Key mechanisms include oxygen-blocking phase-change layers, deep fuel penetration via high wettability, persistent insulation from carbonized gel networks, and dynamic flame inhibition. This study provides theoretical and technical support for the development of siloxane hydrogel forest fire suppression technology, demonstrating significant academic value and potential for engineering applications.

本文构建了一种环境友好、高效绝热、动态响应的硅氧烷复合水凝胶。它以化学上简单、稳定、生物相容性好的三硅氧烷润湿剂为核心，以天然纤维素衍生物甲基纤维素（MC）作为水凝胶基质。此外，它还含有高效耐火和阻燃添加剂。复合水凝胶表现出剪切减薄行为（0 < n < 1），允许在管道运输过程中降低粘度，同时在应用时保持其粘合性能。温度响应相变，由MC和三硅氧烷浓度梯度调节，平衡流动性，高温粘附性和快速热适应。通过dmmp诱导的焦炭形成，提高了热稳定性，将剩余收率从6.51%提高到13.91%，并形成了隔热屏障。标准1A木床防火测试显示了卓越的性能：优化的水凝胶在126秒内熄灭火焰，达到6.13°C/s的平均冷却速度，并防止再燃（相比之下，水为150秒，A类泡沫为147秒）。关键机制包括阻氧相变层、通过高润湿性渗透深层燃料、与碳化凝胶网络的持久绝缘以及动态抑焰。本研究为硅氧烷水凝胶森林灭火技术的发展提供了理论和技术支持，具有重要的学术价值和工程应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Intelligent early-stage fire detection system for enhanced safety in large warehouse environments 智能早期火灾探测系统，提高大型仓库环境的安全性

IF 3.3 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Fire Safety Journal

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104618

Wei-De Chen , Yen-Chiu Chen , Kun-Ming Yu , Ching-Lin Lee , Ming-Lun Wu , Min-Zhe Feng , Wen-Feng Chiu , Ming-Yuan Lei , Shun-Chih Wang

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly accelerated the global transition toward e-commerce, driving rapid growth in the logistics sector and a corresponding increase in the number and scale of warehouses. However, this expansion has been accompanied by a rise in warehouse fire incidents, underscoring the urgent need for enhanced fire safety measures. This study presents the development of an intelligent early-stage fire detection system specifically designed for large-scale warehouse environments. By integrating YOLOv7 object detection with infrared thermography, the proposed system detects smoldering heat sources—often undetectable by traditional smoke sensors—during the incipient stage of a fire. Designed to run on edge computing devices, the system enables real-time data acquisition and processing from warehouse racks during routine patrols. Experimental evaluations conducted in a simulated warehouse scenario demonstrate the system's high detection accuracy, achieving a mean average precision (mAP) of 0.9 at an Intersection over Union (IoU) threshold of 0.5. The findings confirm that the system effectively identifies low-temperature smoldering sources, thereby empowering warehouse managers and emergency responders to take proactive measures before a fire fully develops.

新冠肺炎疫情显著加速了全球向电子商务的转型，推动了物流业的快速增长，仓库的数量和规模也相应增加。然而，这一扩张伴随着仓库火灾事件的增加，强调了加强消防安全措施的迫切需要。本研究提出了一种专门为大型仓库环境设计的智能早期火灾探测系统的开发。通过将YOLOv7目标探测与红外热成像相结合，该系统可以在火灾初期探测到传统烟雾传感器无法探测到的阴燃热源。该系统设计在边缘计算设备上运行，可以在日常巡逻期间从仓库货架上实时采集和处理数据。在模拟仓库场景中进行的实验评估表明，该系统的检测精度很高，在十字路口（IoU）阈值为0.5的情况下，平均精度（mAP）达到0.9。研究结果证实，该系统有效地识别低温阴燃源，从而使仓库管理人员和应急人员能够在火灾全面发展之前采取积极措施。

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引用次数: 0

Spruce wood degradation: Specific heat and enthalpy of reactions — Effect of the gas flow rate 云杉木材的降解。反应的比热和焓。气体流速的影响

IF 3.3 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Fire Safety Journal

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104608

Hassan Flity , Yann Le Brech , Mariam Abdo , Zoubir Acem , Gilles Parent

This work investigates the heat of reaction involved in the pyrolysis of spruce wood, with a particular focus on the effect of the carrier gas flow rate. A global multi-reaction mechanism previously developed in an earlier study [1], was employed to describe mass loss behavior. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements were performed using a special fixed bed setup, enabling the analysis of gas flow rate effects on heat release. By combining the reaction scheme with a heat balance model, the heat flux measured by DSC was separated into sensible heat and reaction heat. The results showed three main decomposition stages. An exothermic peak occurred first around 320 °C, followed by an endothermic peak at 360 °C. The reaction heat of these two reactions depended on the gas flow rate, which can be explained by the competition between an exothermic secondary char formation process and an endothermic tar evaporation process. Finally, a third exothermic peak was observed at 420 °C, which was attributed to cross-linking reactions in the char. This phenomenon was found to be independent of the carrier gas flow rate. Finally, correlations were developed between the reaction heat of each reaction in the scheme and the final char yield of the sample.

本文研究了云杉木材热解过程中的反应热，重点研究了载气流速的影响。在早期研究b[1]中提出的一个全局多反应机制被用来描述质量损失行为。差示扫描量热法（DSC）测量使用特殊的固定床装置进行，可以分析气体流速对热量释放的影响。将反应方案与热平衡模型相结合，将DSC测得的热流分为显热和反应热。结果表明，其主要分为三个分解阶段。在320°C左右首先出现放热峰，然后在360°C出现吸热峰。这两种反应的反应热取决于气体流速，这可以解释为放热的二次成焦过程和吸热的焦油蒸发过程之间的竞争。最后，在420°C时观察到第三个放热峰，这归因于炭中的交联反应。发现这种现象与载气流速无关。最后，建立了方案中各反应的反应热与样品最终炭产率之间的相关性。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal creep behavior in structural steel: Explicit vs. implicit approach 结构钢的热蠕变行为：显式与隐式方法

IF 3.3 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Fire Safety Journal

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104607

Abdul Kader M. El Hamoui, Elie G. Hantouche

This paper presents the explicit and implicit approaches for predicting the thermal creep behavior of steel at high temperatures. The explicit creep modeling is defined when the steel material is subjected to constant load and temperature conditions, and the only variable is time. The creep strains are added directly into the strain profile of the cross section of the steel material. This approach can be performed using experimental work and finite element (FE) simulations. The implicit creep modeling is defined when the steel material is subjected to variable stress or temperature or both together. In this case, the creep strains are implicitly included in the stress-strain curve of the material. The selection between the two approaches is presented in this paper based on a comprehensive synthesis of the characteristics, applications, advantages, and limitations of both approaches, emphasizing their practical relevance in the structural fire engineering field. Through comparison, the study shows that while the explicit creep approach is effective for steady-state fire analysis, implicit creep offers a more realistic approach for predicting creep behavior under varying temperatures and loads. A methodology for explicit creep modeling is developed, including modifications to existing creep models and their implementation in the Abaqus software. Although implicit modeling in the FE software lacks standardized methodology, its predictive capabilities are crucial for designing fire-resistant steel structures. These two modeling approaches provide critical insights that allow engineers to understand the creep behavior of steel in fire-exposed structures and to choose the most suitable approach for the case that is being studied.

本文介绍了预测钢在高温下的热蠕变行为的显式和隐式方法。明确了钢材料在恒载恒温条件下的显式蠕变模型，且唯一变量为时间。蠕变应变直接加入到钢材料截面的应变曲线中。这种方法可以通过实验工作和有限元模拟来实现。定义了钢材料在变应力、变温度或变应力、变温度条件下的隐式蠕变模型。在这种情况下，蠕变应变隐含地包含在材料的应力-应变曲线中。本文在综合两种方法的特点、应用、优点和局限性的基础上，提出了两种方法之间的选择，强调了它们在结构消防工程领域的实际意义。通过比较，研究表明，显式蠕变方法对于稳态火灾分析是有效的，而隐式蠕变方法对于预测不同温度和荷载下的蠕变行为更为现实。开发了一种显式蠕变建模方法，包括对现有蠕变模型的修改及其在Abaqus软件中的实现。虽然有限元软件中的隐式建模缺乏标准化的方法，但其预测能力对于设计耐火钢结构至关重要。这两种建模方法提供了关键的见解，使工程师能够了解钢在火灾暴露结构中的蠕变行为，并为正在研究的情况选择最合适的方法。

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引用次数: 0

New insights into burning regimes in a closed mechanically ventilated compartment through experimental and theoretical analysis 通过实验和理论分析，在一个封闭的机械通风室燃烧制度的新见解

IF 3.3 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Fire Safety Journal

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104602

Hugues Prétrel , Jeri At Thabari , Georgios Maragkos , Youk Moorthamers , Alexander Y. Snegirev , Bart Merci

The fire scenario in a closed, mechanically ventilated compartment is increasingly encountered in the industrial and residential sectors. In this work, the scenario is studied experimentally at a reduced scale using a gas burner and analysed with the support of the well-stirred reactor (WSR) model. The variables investigated are: the duration of the combustion phase; the oxygen and carbon monoxide mass fractions; and the gas temperature. The results show two different burning regimes from fuel controlled to ventilation-controlled characterized by the global equivalence ratio (GER). The transition between the two regimes corresponds to the most critical situation in terms of fire risk, with combustion at the extinguishing limit, yielding the highest temperature and carbon monoxide production. The results show the distinction of scenarios with mechanical ventilation, particularly regarding the critical GER value for transition. These scenarios differ from those with natural ventilation due to the way air is supplied to the fire. The WSR model provides a suitable support to interpret the global characteristics of the fire. These new results obtained in a closed, mechanically ventilated compartment can be used to identify the most complex and critical configurations in terms of risk assessment.

在工业和住宅部门中，在封闭的机械通风隔间中发生火灾的情况越来越多。在这项工作中，使用燃气燃烧器在缩小规模的情况下进行了实验研究，并在搅拌良好的反应器（WSR）模型的支持下进行了分析。研究的变量是：燃烧阶段的持续时间；氧和一氧化碳的质量分数；还有气体的温度。结果表明，燃料控制和通风控制两种不同的燃烧模式具有全局等效比（GER）特征。两种状态之间的过渡对应于火灾危险的最危急情况，燃烧达到灭火极限，产生最高温度和一氧化碳。结果显示了机械通气情况的区别，特别是关于过渡的临界GER值。这些情况与自然通风不同，因为空气供应给火的方式不同。WSR模型为解释火灾的全局特征提供了合适的支持。这些在封闭、机械通风的隔间中获得的新结果可用于识别风险评估中最复杂和最关键的配置。

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引用次数: 0

Non-gray radiation modeling of methanol pool fires using the RC-FSK method in FDS FDS中RC-FSK方法对甲醇池火灾的非灰色辐射建模

IF 3.3 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Fire Safety Journal

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104606

Soroush Rashidzadeh , Fabian Brännström , Chandan Paul , Somesh Roy , Hadi Bordbar , Simo Hostikka

This study presents a high-fidelity modeling framework for capturing non-gray radiative heat transfer in methanol pool fires. A global non-gray radiation model, based on the Rank Correlated Full Spectrum k-distribution (RC-FSK) method was implemented as a subroutine within the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The simulations were conducted in decoupled and coupled computational fluid dynamics configurations, comparing the performance of RC-FSK to gray approach from RadCal. In the decoupled configuration, RC-FSK predictions showed strong agreement with photon Monte Carlo line-by-line (PMC-LBL) benchmark, significantly improving the accuracy of gas-phase radiative source term, radiative emission and radiative heat flux estimates. In coupled simulations, a two-zone subgrid approach was used in conjunction to RC-FSK and RadCal to model turbulence–radiation interaction. Both models reproduced the main flow features; however, RC-FSK predicted higher emission values within the flame core, resulting in a more pronounced radiative cooling effect. It also yielded elevated absorption levels, particularly in absorption-dominant regions. RadCal was shown to under-predict both radiative emission and absorption, producing a compensating effect that leads to acceptable agreement in the global integrated quantities.

本研究提出了一个高保真建模框架，用于捕获甲醇池火灾中的非灰色辐射传热。基于秩相关全谱k分布（RC-FSK）方法的全局非灰色辐射模型作为子程序在火力动力学模拟器（FDS）中实现。在解耦和耦合计算流体动力学配置下进行了仿真，比较了RC-FSK方法与RadCal灰色方法的性能。在解耦配置下，RC-FSK预测结果与光子蒙特卡罗逐行（PMC-LBL）基准具有较强的一致性，显著提高了气相辐射源项、辐射发射和辐射热通量估算的准确性。在耦合模拟中，将两区子网格方法与RC-FSK和RadCal结合使用来模拟湍流-辐射相互作用。两种模型都再现了主要的流程特征；然而，RC-FSK预测火焰核心内的发射值更高，导致更明显的辐射冷却效应。它也产生了更高的吸收水平，特别是在吸收优势区域。RadCal对辐射发射和吸收的预测都不足，产生了一种补偿效应，导致全球综合量的一致性可以接受。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study and modelling on critical velocity, smoke temperature distribution and driving force in uphill tunnel fire with longitudinal ventilation 纵向通风上坡隧道火灾临界速度、烟温分布及驱动力的实验研究与模拟

IF 3.3 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Fire Safety Journal

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104604

Ping Li , Lingyue Shang , Dong Yang , Wengang Zhang

In this study, theoretical analysis and experiments are conducted to investigate the effects of various boundary conditions on critical velocity, smoke temperature distribution, stack effect, and fan-induced pressure rise in uphill inclined tunnel fires under longitudinal ventilation. The results demonstrate that the critical velocity is governed by both the heat release rate and the tunnel inclination. The critical Richardson number, corresponding to the critical velocity, exhibits a linear dependence on inclination. Based on this relationship, a theoretical correlation for predicting the critical velocity is proposed. Furthermore, it is observed that the smoke temperature beneath the ceiling downstream of the fire source increases with heat release rate, particularly in the near-fire region. In contrast, a greater tunnel inclination suppresses these temperatures. Consequently, a model for predicting the ceiling temperature distribution is established. Additionally, the dimensionless mean temperature rise within the smoke layer downstream of the fire source is correlated with the stack effect and is well-fitted by an exponential function of tunnel inclination. The combination of stack effect and fan-induced pressure rise required to achieve critical conditions in an uphill tunnel are estimated. This study contributes to the formulation of effective ventilation strategies for uphill tunnel fires.

本文通过理论分析和实验研究了纵向通风条件下不同边界条件对上坡倾斜隧道火灾临界速度、烟温分布、烟囱效应和风机压升的影响。结果表明，临界速度受放热速率和隧道倾角共同控制。临界理查德森数与临界速度相对应，与倾角呈线性关系。在此基础上，提出了预测临界速度的理论关系式。此外，观察到火源下游天花板下的烟雾温度随着放热速率的增加而增加，特别是在近火区域。相反，较大的隧道倾角抑制了这些温度。从而建立了一个预测顶棚温度分布的模型。此外，火源下游烟层内的无因次平均温升与烟囱效应相关，并与隧道倾斜度的指数函数拟合良好。估计了上坡隧道达到临界条件所需的堆效应和风机引起的压力上升的组合。研究结果有助于制定有效的上坡隧道火灾通风策略。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study on the charring behavior of glued laminated timber under large-space fire scenarios 大空间火灾条件下胶合层合木材炭化性能试验研究

IF 3.3 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Fire Safety Journal

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104605

Xiuzhi Zheng , Guo-Qiang Li , Yong Du , Guobiao Lou

Fire safety stands as a paramount concern in the design of timber building structures. Given that the charring behavior of timber significantly influences the fire resistance of timber structures, the current fire design of timber structures is mainly based on the charring rate observed under standard fire conditions (similar to small compartment fire). However, for large-span timber and steel-timber hybrid structures affected by large-space fire, adopting charring rates under standard fire will be conservative because the temperature of gas surrounding structural members under large-space fire is commonly lower than that under standard fire. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the charring behavior of timber under large-space fire scenarios. In this study, a number of glued laminated timber (GLT) specimens were tested under ISO 834 standard fire and large-space fire scenarios. Different heating characteristics of large-space fire like peak gas temperature and growth rate were considered for comparison. The key data including time to ignition, time-dependent temperature profiles and charring rate of the specimens were recorded and systematically analyzed in this experimental investigation. Subsequently, the effect of large-space fire on the charring behavior of GLT was revealed. Based on the experimental results, a simplified approach was proposed to predict the charring rate of GLT under large-space fire scenarios. This study demonstrated that the charring rate of GLT under large-space fire exhibited a significant reduction compared to that under ISO 834 standard fire. The findings from this study are useful for the performance-based fire safety evaluation of large-span timber and steel-timber hybrid structures.

消防安全是木结构建筑设计中最重要的问题。考虑到木材的炭化行为对木结构的耐火性能影响很大，目前木结构的防火设计主要基于标准火灾条件下（类似于小隔间火灾）观察到的炭化率。然而，对于受大空间火灾影响的大跨度木结构和钢木混合结构，采用标准火灾下的炭化率将是保守的，因为大空间火灾下构件周围气体的温度通常低于标准火灾下的温度。因此，有必要对大空间火灾下木材的炭化行为进行研究。在本研究中，对若干胶合层合木材（GLT）试件在ISO 834标准火灾和大空间火灾场景下进行了测试。考虑了大空间火灾的不同加热特性，如气体峰值温度和生长速率进行了比较。实验记录并系统分析了样品的着火时间、随时间变化的温度曲线和炭化速率等关键数据。随后，揭示了大空间火灾对GLT炭化行为的影响。在实验结果的基础上，提出了一种预测大空间火灾情景下GLT炭化速率的简化方法。本研究表明，与ISO 834标准火灾相比，大空间火灾下GLT的炭化率显著降低。研究结果可为大跨度木结构和钢木混合结构的防火性能评价提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Research on the suppression effect of wire mesh on low - density polyethylene dust explosion 金属丝网对低密度聚乙烯粉尘爆炸的抑制作用研究

IF 3.3 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Fire Safety Journal

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104603

Kai Yang , Zhaorui Zheng , Jihe Chen , Shuaishuai Huang , Yuguo Fu , Yuan Zhang , Pengfei Lv , Jing Shen , Xiangyang Du

To investigate the synergistic effects of wire mesh configuration (including quantity and spatial placement) and dust physicochemical characteristics on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) dust explosion suppression, this study through high-speed camera technology and pressure monitoring, analyzes the dynamic interactions between these critical parameters and their collective impact on flame propagation behavior and overpressure evolution patterns during explosion events. The findings demonstrate that the number of wire mesh layers (L), position, and dust characteristics exert synergistic inhibitory effects on flame propagation patterns and overpressure distribution characteristics. Single-layer metallic wire mesh structures can partially augment combustion wavefront development in particulate cloud explosions. When LDPE dust has the same particle size distribution, the average flame velocity will decrease as L increases. Additionally, it experiences an increase initially, followed by a decrease as the distance between the wire mesh and the ignition source (H) increases. The higher L of the metal wire mesh and the closer to the ignition source, the greater its extinguishing effect on the explosion flame. Meanwhile, this will concurrently increase the distribution of overpressure in the pipeline, resulting in non-uniformity. Overpressure at the pipe base is correlated negatively with particle size, positively with L, increases and then decreases with the increase of H and dust cloud concentration (C). Furthermore, if H is positioned less than 0.45 m, enhancing the layer quantity, or spacing can inversely diminish the pressure relief effectiveness. Consequently, integrating the interplay of C, particle size, L, and H is crucial in metal wire mesh-based explosion mitigation designs.

为了研究金属丝网结构（包括数量和空间布置）和粉尘物理化学特性对低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）粉尘爆炸抑制的协同作用，本研究通过高速摄像机技术和压力监测，分析了这些关键参数之间的动态相互作用及其对爆炸事件中火焰传播行为和超压演变模式的共同影响。结果表明，金属丝网层数(L)、位置和粉尘特性对火焰传播模式和超压分布特性具有协同抑制作用。在颗粒云爆炸中，单层金属丝网结构可以部分增强燃烧波前发展。当LDPE粉尘粒径分布相同时，平均火焰速度随L的增大而减小。此外，随着金属丝网与点火源(H)之间距离的增加，它首先增加，然后减小。金属丝网的L值越高，离点火源越近，对爆炸火焰的灭火效果越大。同时，这也会增加管道内的超压分布，造成不均匀性。管底超压与粒径呈负相关，与L呈正相关，随H和尘云浓度(C)的增加先增大后减小。此外，当H小于0.45 m时，增加层数或间距会相反地降低泄压效果。因此，在基于金属丝网的防爆设计中，整合C、粒径、L和H的相互作用至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

A methodology for the integration of fire risk in building life cycle analysis 建筑生命周期分析中火灾风险的集成方法

IF 3.3 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Fire Safety Journal

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2025.104601

Axel Mossberg , Cecilia Wetterqvist , Louise Holmstedt , Margaret McNamee

Calculation of the climate impact of buildings is becoming increasingly prevalent. In this context, understanding the comprehensive environmental impact of buildings, including fire risk, is crucial. This study investigates a method to incorporate the impact of fire risk on the climate footprint of buildings using Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). The paper focuses on several building types: single-family homes, apartment buildings, schools, offices, commercial buildings, and pre-schools. The analysis highlights that the inclusion of fire risk is essential for accurate climate impact assessments. By incorporating fire risk into LCA calculations, the study reveals that fire risk can contribute significantly to a building's climate impact. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the installation of sprinkler systems can reduce the climate impact, measured in CO₂-equivalents, of fire risk by up to 67–78 % in schools and commercial buildings. The findings suggest that for buildings with longer lifespans, integrating fire risk into LCA becomes increasingly important. The study concludes by recommending that policymakers and environmental certification systems incorporate fire risk considerations into LCA methodologies to ensure comprehensive and realistic assessments of buildings' climate impacts, mitigating the risk of sub-optimization of fire protective strategies due to the lack of having the complete picture in the building LCA.

建筑对气候影响的计算正变得越来越普遍。在这种情况下，了解建筑对环境的综合影响，包括火灾风险，是至关重要的。本研究探讨了一种利用生命周期分析（LCA）将火灾风险对建筑物气候足迹的影响纳入研究的方法。本文重点研究了几种建筑类型：单户住宅、公寓楼、学校、办公室、商业建筑和幼儿园。分析强调，纳入火灾风险对于准确评估气候影响至关重要。通过将火灾风险纳入LCA计算，该研究表明，火灾风险对建筑物的气候影响有很大影响。此外，该研究表明，在学校和商业建筑中，安装喷水灭火系统可以将火灾风险的气候影响（以二氧化碳当量衡量）降低67 - 78%。研究结果表明，对于寿命较长的建筑物，将火灾风险纳入LCA变得越来越重要。该研究最后建议决策者和环境认证系统将火灾风险因素纳入LCA方法，以确保对建筑物气候影响进行全面和现实的评估，减少由于缺乏对建筑物LCA的完整了解而导致消防策略次优化的风险。

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引用次数: 0