Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad6637
Mahalakshmi R, Y. M. Al-Moliki, Ali H. Alqahtani, A. U
We aim to simulate an optimal optical biosensor based on one-dimensional crystal photonics, for measuring blood and urine glucose concentration. By optimizing the sensor structure through metaheuristic optimization algorithms, sensitivity was increased. To measure blood and urine glucose concentration, these materials are used as a defect layer in one-dimensional crystal photonics, consisting of three materials: magnesium fluoride (MgF2), borosilicate glass (BK7), and orphan iodide (LiI) with refractive indices of 37/ 1, 1/5, and 1/99. By changing the concentration of glucose, the refractive index of the defect layer changes, changing the optical properties of the defect layer in the photonic crystal and the spectrum of transmitted and reflected light. According to the amount of light absorption by glucose, a wavelength range of 900-2200 nm (near infrared) was used as the input light. The transfer matrix method was used to calculate multi-layer systems. This method is based on the definition of two matrices, the boundary matrix and the diffusion matrix, which can be used to directly apply the boundary conditions. By plotting the spectrum passing through the crystal using the transfer matrix method and determining the location of the peak in the spectrum, the sensitivity of the sensor was calculated for different concentrations of glucose in blood and urine. The sensitivity obtained before optimization was 530 nm/RIU, while after optimization it reached 842 nm/RIU
{"title":"Optimization of Optical Biosensor Based on 1D Photonic Crystals with Metaheuristic Algorithms for Measuring Glucose Concentration","authors":"Mahalakshmi R, Y. M. Al-Moliki, Ali H. Alqahtani, A. U","doi":"10.1149/2162-8777/ad6637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ad6637","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We aim to simulate an optimal optical biosensor based on one-dimensional crystal photonics, for measuring blood and urine glucose concentration. By optimizing the sensor structure through metaheuristic optimization algorithms, sensitivity was increased. To measure blood and urine glucose concentration, these materials are used as a defect layer in one-dimensional crystal photonics, consisting of three materials: magnesium fluoride (MgF2), borosilicate glass (BK7), and orphan iodide (LiI) with refractive indices of 37/ 1, 1/5, and 1/99. By changing the concentration of glucose, the refractive index of the defect layer changes, changing the optical properties of the defect layer in the photonic crystal and the spectrum of transmitted and reflected light. According to the amount of light absorption by glucose, a wavelength range of 900-2200 nm (near infrared) was used as the input light. The transfer matrix method was used to calculate multi-layer systems. This method is based on the definition of two matrices, the boundary matrix and the diffusion matrix, which can be used to directly apply the boundary conditions. By plotting the spectrum passing through the crystal using the transfer matrix method and determining the location of the peak in the spectrum, the sensitivity of the sensor was calculated for different concentrations of glucose in blood and urine. The sensitivity obtained before optimization was 530 nm/RIU, while after optimization it reached 842 nm/RIU","PeriodicalId":504734,"journal":{"name":"ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141816536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad663a
A. Ashery, Samia Gad
Au/AlCu/SiO2/p-Si/Al is a novel assembly synthesized by the technology of liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). Using impedance spectroscopy the electric and dielectric properties of these structures have been characterized as a function of voltage, frequency, and temperature. All real parts of the impedance curve at different temperatures, voltages, and frequencies formed small peaks at higher frequencies. At low and mid frequencies, the real part of impedance Z' is independent of frequencies. For all curves of Z՝՝, the imaginary parts of the impedance at dissimilar voltages, frequencies, and temperatures have positive values at low frequencies. At lnf = 5 the Z'' have negative values and create peaks. The growth of Z'' value was consistent with decline temperatures, at high frequencies, the Z'' formed peaks with positive and negative values. The Col-Col diagram, at different temperatures and voltages, was investigated. The conventional Cheung and Nord methods were applied to study the electric factors such as series resistance Rs, barrier height and ideality factor n.
Au/AlCu/SiO2/p-Si/Al 是通过液相外延（LPE）技术合成的新型组件。利用阻抗光谱法，这些结构的电特性和介电特性被表征为电压、频率和温度的函数。在不同温度、电压和频率下，阻抗曲线的所有实部在较高频率下形成小峰值。在低频和中频，阻抗 Z' 的实部与频率无关。在 Z՝՝ 的所有曲线中，不同电压、频率和温度下的阻抗虚部在低频时都是正值。在 lnf = 5 时，Z''为负值并产生峰值。Z'' 值的增长与温度的下降一致，在高频率下，Z''形成正值和负值的峰值。研究了不同温度和电压下的 Col-Col 图。采用传统的 Cheung 和 Nord 方法研究了串联电阻 Rs、势垒高度和意向系数 n 等电学因素。
{"title":"Impedance Spectroscopy and Electrical Properties of Novel Structure of Au/AlCu/SiO2/p-Si/Al","authors":"A. Ashery, Samia Gad","doi":"10.1149/2162-8777/ad663a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ad663a","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Au/AlCu/SiO2/p-Si/Al is a novel assembly synthesized by the technology of liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). Using impedance spectroscopy the electric and dielectric properties of these structures have been characterized as a function of voltage, frequency, and temperature. All real parts of the impedance curve at different temperatures, voltages, and frequencies formed small peaks at higher frequencies. At low and mid frequencies, the real part of impedance Z' is independent of frequencies. For all curves of Z՝՝, the imaginary parts of the impedance at dissimilar voltages, frequencies, and temperatures have positive values at low frequencies. At lnf = 5 the Z'' have negative values and create peaks. The growth of Z'' value was consistent with decline temperatures, at high frequencies, the Z'' formed peaks with positive and negative values. The Col-Col diagram, at different temperatures and voltages, was investigated. The conventional Cheung and Nord methods were applied to study the electric factors such as series resistance Rs, barrier height and ideality factor n.","PeriodicalId":504734,"journal":{"name":"ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141816058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad6638
S. Pat, Ahmet Akirtin, Ş. Korkmaz
An investigation of the optical and electric properties of post-annealed In2O3:ZnO:Graphene thin films was performed using a thermionic vacuum arc thin film deposition technology. The post-annealed effects were defined by an investigation of the sample's optical and electric properties. The lowest band gap value of 3.22 eV for the deposited thin film was obtained. Deposited thin films were transparent. The sample AA2 can be used as a transparent conductive oxide material with a resistance of 95 /cm. Sample AA2 was annealed at 400°C for 30 min, and sample AA1 was annealed at 150°C for 15 min. The graphene peaks for the samples were detected using a Fourier transform infrared spectra. The indium and zinc atomic ratios of the sample were approximately 2% and 10%, respectively. As a result, the deposited sample AA2 is a good candidate for use as transparent conductive oxide. Deposited films have high transparency and relatively low resistance. Finally, graphene is a good doping material for semiconductors.
{"title":"Investigation of Optical and Electric Properties of Post-Annealed Graphene: In2O3:ZnO Thin Film","authors":"S. Pat, Ahmet Akirtin, Ş. Korkmaz","doi":"10.1149/2162-8777/ad6638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ad6638","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 An investigation of the optical and electric properties of post-annealed In2O3:ZnO:Graphene thin films was performed using a thermionic vacuum arc thin film deposition technology. The post-annealed effects were defined by an investigation of the sample's optical and electric properties. The lowest band gap value of 3.22 eV for the deposited thin film was obtained. Deposited thin films were transparent. The sample AA2 can be used as a transparent conductive oxide material with a resistance of 95 /cm. Sample AA2 was annealed at 400°C for 30 min, and sample AA1 was annealed at 150°C for 15 min. The graphene peaks for the samples were detected using a Fourier transform infrared spectra. The indium and zinc atomic ratios of the sample were approximately 2% and 10%, respectively. As a result, the deposited sample AA2 is a good candidate for use as transparent conductive oxide. Deposited films have high transparency and relatively low resistance. Finally, graphene is a good doping material for semiconductors.","PeriodicalId":504734,"journal":{"name":"ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141815040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad658c
Purushothaman G, Arulmozhiyal R
Cancer diagnosis is difficult and costly due to the complexity of the brain. Photonic technology-based biosensors show potential for identifying malignant tissues, including brain tumors, but they are often costly, time-consuming, and computationally difficult. To address these challenges, we propose an enhanced probabilistic pyramid neural networks (EPPNN)-based hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) biosensor with terahertz refractive index (THzBio-ECPPN) for detection of cancerous brain tumors. The approach is divided into two stages: biosensor design and brain tumor detection. Initially, PCF geometry with suspended cladding and a spiral-shaped hollow-core in the terahertz (THz) band is proposed. The PCF biosensors' characteristics are then calculated using the EPPNN model. The EPPNN model's hyperparameters are modified using the circle-inspired optimization algorithm to maximize accuracy and minimize effective mode loss. The proposed biosensor is then used to identify brain tumors. Experimental evaluations utilizing MATLAB show that the suggested strategy surpasses earlier methods, with a higher sensitivity (98%). The sensor has exceptional performance characteristics, such as a high figure of merit of 1.25-1.35 RI range and sensitivity of 50000 nm/RIU, indicating its potential for precise detection of changes in refractive index. This combination of photonic crystal structures and neural networks has enormous potential for improving cancerous tumor accuracy to 99.92%, precision to 99.23%, specificity to 99.73%,and sensitivity to 99.36% of brain tumor diagnosis
{"title":"Design of Terahertz Refractive Index-Based Spiral Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Biosensor Using Enhanced Probabilistic Pyramid Neural Networks for Brain Tumor Detection","authors":"Purushothaman G, Arulmozhiyal R","doi":"10.1149/2162-8777/ad658c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ad658c","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cancer diagnosis is difficult and costly due to the complexity of the brain. Photonic technology-based biosensors show potential for identifying malignant tissues, including brain tumors, but they are often costly, time-consuming, and computationally difficult. To address these challenges, we propose an enhanced probabilistic pyramid neural networks (EPPNN)-based hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) biosensor with terahertz refractive index (THzBio-ECPPN) for detection of cancerous brain tumors. The approach is divided into two stages: biosensor design and brain tumor detection. Initially, PCF geometry with suspended cladding and a spiral-shaped hollow-core in the terahertz (THz) band is proposed. The PCF biosensors' characteristics are then calculated using the EPPNN model. The EPPNN model's hyperparameters are modified using the circle-inspired optimization algorithm to maximize accuracy and minimize effective mode loss. The proposed biosensor is then used to identify brain tumors. Experimental evaluations utilizing MATLAB show that the suggested strategy surpasses earlier methods, with a higher sensitivity (98%). The sensor has exceptional performance characteristics, such as a high figure of merit of 1.25-1.35 RI range and sensitivity of 50000 nm/RIU, indicating its potential for precise detection of changes in refractive index. This combination of photonic crystal structures and neural networks has enormous potential for improving cancerous tumor accuracy to 99.92%, precision to 99.23%, specificity to 99.73%,and sensitivity to 99.36% of brain tumor diagnosis","PeriodicalId":504734,"journal":{"name":"ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad658b
Debasis Nayak, A. K. Mishra, Sasmita Malla, Umakanta Swain, Kalpana Panigrahi, Jibanjyoti Panda, Sarvesh Rustagi, P. R. Rauta, Y. K. Mohanta
This research explores the eco-friendly creation of functional, biocompatible nanomaterials through green chemistry, utilizing natural extracts over chemicals to produce metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. The study focuses on iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized with Volvariella volvacea (GIONP) and evaluates their physical, chemical, and biological traits, including their anticancer capabilities, against traditionally made IONPs (CIONP). GIONPs, confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering, showed enhanced stability and consistent size distribution. They also demonstrated smaller sizes via Fe-scanning electron microscopy analysis, and X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared studies verified their crystalline structure and organic functional groups. Notably, GIONPs exhibited strong antioxidant properties, low toxicity to blood cells, promising for intravenous use, and greater antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against various bacterial strains than CIONPs. The study revealed that both GIONPs and CIONPs exhibit a similar degree of toxicity towards MDA-MB 231 cancer cells. The internalization of GIONPs within these cells was verified through a Prussian blue assay and further supported by the concentration-dependent increase in intracellular iron levels post-treatment. These findings underscore the successful formulation of GIONPs that are not only biocompatible and eco-friendly but also capped with bioactive compounds, highlighting their promising applications in the field of biomedicine.
{"title":"Eco-Friendly Mycogenic Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Volvariella volvacea and Unveiling its Potential as Antibiofilm and Anticancer Agents","authors":"Debasis Nayak, A. K. Mishra, Sasmita Malla, Umakanta Swain, Kalpana Panigrahi, Jibanjyoti Panda, Sarvesh Rustagi, P. R. Rauta, Y. K. Mohanta","doi":"10.1149/2162-8777/ad658b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ad658b","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This research explores the eco-friendly creation of functional, biocompatible nanomaterials through green chemistry, utilizing natural extracts over chemicals to produce metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. The study focuses on iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized with Volvariella volvacea (GIONP) and evaluates their physical, chemical, and biological traits, including their anticancer capabilities, against traditionally made IONPs (CIONP). GIONPs, confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering, showed enhanced stability and consistent size distribution. They also demonstrated smaller sizes via Fe-scanning electron microscopy analysis, and X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared studies verified their crystalline structure and organic functional groups. Notably, GIONPs exhibited strong antioxidant properties, low toxicity to blood cells, promising for intravenous use, and greater antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against various bacterial strains than CIONPs. The study revealed that both GIONPs and CIONPs exhibit a similar degree of toxicity towards MDA-MB 231 cancer cells. The internalization of GIONPs within these cells was verified through a Prussian blue assay and further supported by the concentration-dependent increase in intracellular iron levels post-treatment. These findings underscore the successful formulation of GIONPs that are not only biocompatible and eco-friendly but also capped with bioactive compounds, highlighting their promising applications in the field of biomedicine.","PeriodicalId":504734,"journal":{"name":"ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad658a
Abdellah Ait baha, R. Idouhli, Kamal Tabit, Hossein Kazemian, M. Khadiri, A. Abouelfida
This paper presents an innovative and stable electrochemical sensor using zeolite and graphite for the reliable and accurate detection of arsenic(V). The zeolite materials were hydrothermally synthesized using coal fly ash and fumed silica by-products under specific environments (1.5 M NaOH, L/(Si/Al) ratio of 40, 120°C, and 24 hours), addressing environmental concerns related to wastes managment. The performance of the zeolite-graphite modified electrode (ZGME) was evaluated using voltammetric and impedance techniques at potentials between 1.2 V and -1.2 V (vs. SCE) and a frequency range of 100 kHz to 10 mHz, respectively. The results showed that the incorporation of zeolite for the first time offered notable advantages, such as affordability, simplicity, and improved oxidation-reduction current and peak resolution for arsenic. The ZGME effectively detected As(V) under neutral conditions using a phosphate buffer solution, with a concentration range of 1 x 10-3 to 1 x 10-6 mol.L-1. The sensor achieved a detection limit of 3 μmol.L-1, a quantification limit of 5 μmol.L-1, a sensitivity of 0.28 μA/μM.cm2, and exhibited good reproducibility, opening up new potential for portable zeolite-based electrochemical sensors. Moreover, this research pioneers the use of zeolite as a graphite modifier.
本文利用沸石和石墨提出了一种创新、稳定的电化学传感器，用于可靠、准确地检测砷（V）。沸石材料是利用粉煤灰和气相二氧化硅副产品在特定环境（1.5 M NaOH、L/（Si/Al）比为 40、120°C 和 24 小时）下水热法合成的，以解决与废物管理相关的环境问题。使用伏安法和阻抗技术分别在 1.2 V 至 -1.2 V（相对于 SCE）的电位和 100 kHz 至 10 mHz 的频率范围内评估了沸石-石墨修饰电极（ZGME）的性能。结果表明，首次加入沸石具有显著的优势，如价格低廉、操作简单、提高了氧化还原电流和砷的峰值分辨率。ZGME 在中性条件下使用磷酸盐缓冲溶液有效地检测了 As(V)，浓度范围为 1 x 10-3 至 1 x 10-6 mol.L-1。该传感器的检出限为 3 μmol.L-1，定量限为 5 μmol.L-1，灵敏度为 0.28 μA/μM.cm2，并具有良好的重现性，为基于沸石的便携式电化学传感器开辟了新的潜力。此外，这项研究还开创性地将沸石用作石墨改性剂。
{"title":"Electrochemical Detection of Arsenic Using Eco-Friendly Zeolite-Graphite Composite Electrode","authors":"Abdellah Ait baha, R. Idouhli, Kamal Tabit, Hossein Kazemian, M. Khadiri, A. Abouelfida","doi":"10.1149/2162-8777/ad658a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ad658a","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents an innovative and stable electrochemical sensor using zeolite and graphite for the reliable and accurate detection of arsenic(V). The zeolite materials were hydrothermally synthesized using coal fly ash and fumed silica by-products under specific environments (1.5 M NaOH, L/(Si/Al) ratio of 40, 120°C, and 24 hours), addressing environmental concerns related to wastes managment. The performance of the zeolite-graphite modified electrode (ZGME) was evaluated using voltammetric and impedance techniques at potentials between 1.2 V and -1.2 V (vs. SCE) and a frequency range of 100 kHz to 10 mHz, respectively. The results showed that the incorporation of zeolite for the first time offered notable advantages, such as affordability, simplicity, and improved oxidation-reduction current and peak resolution for arsenic. The ZGME effectively detected As(V) under neutral conditions using a phosphate buffer solution, with a concentration range of 1 x 10-3 to 1 x 10-6 mol.L-1. The sensor achieved a detection limit of 3 μmol.L-1, a quantification limit of 5 μmol.L-1, a sensitivity of 0.28 μA/μM.cm2, and exhibited good reproducibility, opening up new potential for portable zeolite-based electrochemical sensors. Moreover, this research pioneers the use of zeolite as a graphite modifier.","PeriodicalId":504734,"journal":{"name":"ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper represents a comprehensive review that explores the paradigm shift brought about by intelligent technology in addressing the challenges faced by visually impaired individuals for obstacle detection and navigation. Divided into three pivotal categories, shoe-related devices, innovative blind sticks, and wearable devices utilizing facial recognition technology, this review dissects the underlying mechanisms, technologies, challenges, and real-world applications. The investigation reveals the integration of cutting-edge technologies like ultrasonic sensors, IMUs, 3D LIDAR sensors, and GPS into shoe-related devices, promising improved independence and safety. Smart blind sticks equipped with sensors, such as ultrasonic, water, LDR, and GPS, empower users with real-time feedback, enabling them to navigate their environment confidently. Additionally, wearable devices leveraging facial and object recognition hold the potential to revolutionize social interactions and object perception. Through a synthesis of image processing techniques, sensor technologies, and detectors, this paper underscores the importance of technological advancements in enhancing the quality of life for the visually impaired community. As the field evolves, the report concludes by envisioning a future of even more innovative and impactful smart technology solutions that empower visually impaired individuals to navigate the world with increased autonomy and confidence.
{"title":"Review—Innovations in Flexible Sensory Devices for the Visually Impaired","authors":"Mistha Panwar, Akshika Dhankhar, Harshita Rajoria, jasmine Soreng, Ranya Batsyas, poonam Rani kharangarh","doi":"10.1149/2162-8777/ad6588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ad6588","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper represents a comprehensive review that explores the paradigm shift brought about by intelligent technology in addressing the challenges faced by visually impaired individuals for obstacle detection and navigation. Divided into three pivotal categories, shoe-related devices, innovative blind sticks, and wearable devices utilizing facial recognition technology, this review dissects the underlying mechanisms, technologies, challenges, and real-world applications. The investigation reveals the integration of cutting-edge technologies like ultrasonic sensors, IMUs, 3D LIDAR sensors, and GPS into shoe-related devices, promising improved independence and safety. Smart blind sticks equipped with sensors, such as ultrasonic, water, LDR, and GPS, empower users with real-time feedback, enabling them to navigate their environment confidently. Additionally, wearable devices leveraging facial and object recognition hold the potential to revolutionize social interactions and object perception. Through a synthesis of image processing techniques, sensor technologies, and detectors, this paper underscores the importance of technological advancements in enhancing the quality of life for the visually impaired community. As the field evolves, the report concludes by envisioning a future of even more innovative and impactful smart technology solutions that empower visually impaired individuals to navigate the world with increased autonomy and confidence.","PeriodicalId":504734,"journal":{"name":"ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A quasi-periodic array of 3D gold-nanoparticle-capped SiO2 microspheres (Au@SiO2) was designed and prepared with a facile approach to enhance the Raman signal intensity of adsorbed biomolecules. Through adjusting the thickness and annealing of Au thin films initially deposited on arrays of self-assembled SiO2 microspheres, we were able to control the diameter of Au nanoparticles and their interparticle spacing to produce two types of plasmonic near-field hot spots, locating at the gaps of such densely arranged Au nanoparticles on individual SiO2 microspheres and in the gap regions of neighboring SiO2 microspheres, respectively. Such double near-field enhancement mechanism leads to a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement factor up to 3×106 for Rhodamine 6G molecules. The SERS signal intensity was highly uniform with a relative standard deviation of 4.5%. This 3D SERS substrate has significant potential for various applications in the field of SERS detection of analytes and wearable biosensing.
{"title":"3D Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate Based on an Array of Self-Assembled Au@SiO2 Microspheres","authors":"Jiran Liang, Shuai Wang, Guixiang Yang, Xiu Liang, Dequan Zhang, Chengye Zhang, Yunfei Bai, Dangyuan Lei","doi":"10.1149/2162-8777/ad6589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ad6589","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A quasi-periodic array of 3D gold-nanoparticle-capped SiO2 microspheres (Au@SiO2) was designed and prepared with a facile approach to enhance the Raman signal intensity of adsorbed biomolecules. Through adjusting the thickness and annealing of Au thin films initially deposited on arrays of self-assembled SiO2 microspheres, we were able to control the diameter of Au nanoparticles and their interparticle spacing to produce two types of plasmonic near-field hot spots, locating at the gaps of such densely arranged Au nanoparticles on individual SiO2 microspheres and in the gap regions of neighboring SiO2 microspheres, respectively. Such double near-field enhancement mechanism leads to a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement factor up to 3×106 for Rhodamine 6G molecules. The SERS signal intensity was highly uniform with a relative standard deviation of 4.5%. This 3D SERS substrate has significant potential for various applications in the field of SERS detection of analytes and wearable biosensing.","PeriodicalId":504734,"journal":{"name":"ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The high-quality single crystals of Mohrite (MOH) with dimensions 7 x 6 x 3 mm3 were productively grown-up by the customary solution growth modus-operandi. The fully grown crystals were focused to the appropriate structural, optical and electrical investigations. The monoclinic nature of the specimen with P21/c as the space group and lattice parameters are a as 6.2385Å, b as 12.6076Å, c as 9.2655 Å and beta is 106.526o . The crystalline structural authentication with single crystal XRD analysis and compared the same with software based associated results. FITR spectra reveal the vibrational modes of as grown crystals. Optical absorption spectral data divulges that the as-grown crystalline sample has higher optical transparent nature in the visible-NIR region. Photoluminescence intensity is remarkably enriched, shows high crystallinity of MOH. The results of UV, PL, electrical and photo conductivity, SEM, theoretical studies suggest MOH in photonic utility and device appliances especially in UV filters and in electronic filters, room temperature based sensor study for MOH is enabled and reported for red LED based work.
通过惯用的溶液生长方式，成功生长出了尺寸为 7 x 6 x 3 mm3 的莫来石（MOH）高质量单晶体。对完全长成的晶体进行了适当的结构、光学和电学研究。试样为单斜晶体，空间群为 P21/c，晶格参数分别为 a 6.2385 Å、b 12.6076 Å、c 9.2655 Å 和 beta 106.526o。通过单晶 XRD 分析进行了晶体结构鉴定，并与基于软件的相关结果进行了比较。FITR 光谱显示了生长晶体的振动模式。光学吸收光谱数据表明，生长后的晶体样品在可见光-近红外区域具有较高的光学透明性。光致发光强度显著增强，显示出 MOH 的高结晶性。紫外线、光致发光、电导率和光导率、扫描电镜和理论研究的结果表明，MOH 可用于光子用途和设备，尤其是紫外线滤光片和电子滤光片。
{"title":"Synthesis, Studies of Inorganic Class of Mohrite (MOH) Crystals for Electrical, Electronic, Photonic, Phase Matching, and Sensor Utilities by Theory and Practice","authors":"Suganya K, Hariharasuthan R, SenthilKannan K, Saravanan P, Jayanalina T, Radha K.S, Manikandan R","doi":"10.1149/2162-8777/ad6505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ad6505","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The high-quality single crystals of Mohrite (MOH) with dimensions 7 x 6 x 3 mm3 were productively grown-up by the customary solution growth modus-operandi. The fully grown crystals were focused to the appropriate structural, optical and electrical investigations. The monoclinic nature of the specimen with P21/c as the space group and lattice parameters are a as 6.2385Å, b as 12.6076Å, c as 9.2655 Å and beta is 106.526o . The crystalline structural authentication with single crystal XRD analysis and compared the same with software based associated results. FITR spectra reveal the vibrational modes of as grown crystals. Optical absorption spectral data divulges that the as-grown crystalline sample has higher optical transparent nature in the visible-NIR region. Photoluminescence intensity is remarkably enriched, shows high crystallinity of MOH. The results of UV, PL, electrical and photo conductivity, SEM, theoretical studies suggest MOH in photonic utility and device appliances especially in UV filters and in electronic filters, room temperature based sensor study for MOH is enabled and reported for red LED based work.","PeriodicalId":504734,"journal":{"name":"ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad6502
Neeraj, Shobha Sharma, Anubha Goel, Sonam Rewari, S. Deswal, R. Gupta
This article examines the impact of various interface trap charges on silicon carbide-based gate – stack, dual metal, surrounding gate, FET (4H-SiC-GSDM-SGFET). It has been contrasted for performance with silicon carbide (4H-SiC)-based dual metal, surrounding gate, FET (4H-SiC-DM- SGFET). For both devices, output characteristics including transconductance (gm), output conductance (gd), drain current (Ids), gate capacitance (Cgg), cutoff frequency (fT) and threshold voltage (Vth) have been examined. Surface potential and electron concentration were also inspected using a contour plot for both the device structures. A gate-stack with a high k- dielectric, Lanthanum oxide (La2O3) along with gate dielectric layer Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) was used for proposed structure implementation. Additionally, we investigated how trap charges affect noise figure (NF) and noise conductance (NC). Also, a CMOS inverter has been developed and its output characteristics have been compared for both the device architectures. ATLAS 3-D device simulator has been employed to conduct the simulations.
本文研究了各种界面阱电荷对基于碳化硅的栅-叠层、双金属、环绕栅、场效应晶体管（4H-SiC-GSDM-SGFET）的影响。它的性能与基于碳化硅（4H-SiC）的双金属、环绕栅 FET（4H-SiC-DM- SGFET）进行了对比。对这两种器件的输出特性进行了检测，包括跨导（gm）、输出电导（gd）、漏极电流（Ids）、栅极电容（Cgg）、截止频率（fT）和阈值电压（Vth）。此外，还使用等值线图对两种器件结构的表面电势和电子浓度进行了检测。为实现所提出的结构，我们使用了高 k 介电层氧化镧（La2O3）和栅极介电层氧化铝（Al2O3）的栅极叠层。此外，我们还研究了阱电荷如何影响噪声系数（NF）和噪声电导（NC）。此外，我们还开发了一种 CMOS 逆变器，并比较了两种器件结构的输出特性。模拟采用了 ATLAS 3-D 器件模拟器。
{"title":"Impact of Interface Trap Charges on Silicon Carbide (4H-SiC) Based Gate – Stack, Dual Metal, Surrounding Gate, FET (4H-SiC- GSDM-SGFET) for Analog and Noise Performance Analysis for 5G/LTE Applications","authors":"Neeraj, Shobha Sharma, Anubha Goel, Sonam Rewari, S. Deswal, R. Gupta","doi":"10.1149/2162-8777/ad6502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ad6502","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines the impact of various interface trap charges on silicon carbide-based gate – stack, dual metal, surrounding gate, FET (4H-SiC-GSDM-SGFET). It has been contrasted for performance with silicon carbide (4H-SiC)-based dual metal, surrounding gate, FET (4H-SiC-DM- SGFET). For both devices, output characteristics including transconductance (gm), output conductance (gd), drain current (Ids), gate capacitance (Cgg), cutoff frequency (fT) and threshold voltage (Vth) have been examined. Surface potential and electron concentration were also inspected using a contour plot for both the device structures. A gate-stack with a high k- dielectric, Lanthanum oxide (La2O3) along with gate dielectric layer Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) was used for proposed structure implementation. Additionally, we investigated how trap charges affect noise figure (NF) and noise conductance (NC). Also, a CMOS inverter has been developed and its output characteristics have been compared for both the device architectures. ATLAS 3-D device simulator has been employed to conduct the simulations.","PeriodicalId":504734,"journal":{"name":"ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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