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Ultrasonic Electronics 2023 (USE2023) 2023 年超声波电子产品(USE2023)
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.35848/1347-4065/ad49ae
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引用次数: 0
Heat transfer study of 3D packaging structure with superconducting TSV for practical-scale quantum annealing machines 用于实用级量子退火机的带有超导 TSV 的三维封装结构的传热研究
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.35848/1347-4065/ad3e56
Wei Feng, Katsuya Kikuchi
To avoid the interconnect crowding in a planar structure, three-dimensional (3D) integrated technologies are necessary for realizing practical large-scale quantum annealing (QA) machines. We studied the heat transfer of a 3D packaging structure with superconducting through-silicon via for large-scale QA machines by finite element method simulation. The heat transfer becomes less efficient in the stacked structure. A high temperature of 57.0 mK is observed for the qubit chip, which degrades the quantum coherence of the qubit chip. We propose a heat transfer optimization method by increasing the number of bumps under the active interposer. Furthermore, by shortening the distance to the heat sink, the maximum temperature of the qubit chip is reduced to 18.1 mK. Our proposed heat transfer optimization methods are useful to provide a cryogenic temperature for stable qubit chip operation in a 3D packaging structure to realize practical-scale superconducting QA machines.
为了避免平面结构中的互连拥挤,必须采用三维(3D)集成技术来实现实用的大规模量子退火(QA)机器。我们通过有限元法模拟研究了用于大规模量子退火设备的带有超导硅通孔的三维封装结构的传热问题。在堆叠结构中,传热效率较低。量子比特芯片的温度高达 57.0 mK,从而降低了量子比特芯片的量子相干性。我们提出了一种热传导优化方法,即增加有源内插件下的凸块数量。此外,通过缩短与散热器的距离,量子比特芯片的最高温度降低到 18.1 mK。我们提出的传热优化方法有助于在三维封装结构中为量子比特芯片的稳定运行提供低温,从而实现实用规模的超导 QA 机器。
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引用次数: 0
Scanning Probe Microscopy 2023 扫描探针显微镜 2023
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.35848/1347-4065/ad4655
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引用次数: 0
Effects of plasma oxidation and plasma nitridation on chemical bonding state of AlScN evaluated by AR-HAXPES 通过 AR-HAXPES 评估等离子氧化和等离子氮化对 AlScN 化学键状态的影响
Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.35848/1347-4065/ad3925
Tomoya Tsutsumi, Kazuki Goshima, Yoshiharu Kirihara, Tatsuki Okazaki, Akira Yasui, K. Kakushima, Yuichiro Mitani, H. Nohira
The effect of plasma treatment on AlScN films measured by angle-resolved hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) is investigated. I It was confirmed that oxygen plasma treatment of AlScN tends to increase the oxide component relative to the nitride component in the film. The increase in the on/off ratio of the current in the MIM capacitor was attributed to the decrease in the number of nitrogen vacancies in AlScN. The decrease in the on/off ratio after further plasma oxidation treatment is due to the change from nitride to oxide film material on the surface side. It was also confirmed that the nitriding pretreatment for 1 min makes AlScN less susceptible to oxidation. Furthermore, the inhibition of oxidation was more pronounced for Sc atoms than for Al atoms. This suggests that the nitridation process reduced the number of nitrogen vacancies around Sc atoms.
通过角分辨硬 X 射线光电子能谱(HAXPES)测量,研究了等离子体处理对 AlScN 薄膜的影响。结果证实,对 AlScN 进行氧等离子处理往往会增加薄膜中的氧化物成分,而不是氮化物成分。MIM 电容器中电流导通/关断比的增加归因于 AlScN 中氮空位数量的减少。进一步等离子氧化处理后导通/关断比的降低是由于表面一侧的薄膜材料从氮化物变成了氧化物。研究还证实,氮化预处理 1 分钟可降低 AlScN 的氧化敏感性。此外,Sc 原子的氧化抑制作用比 Al 原子更明显。这表明氮化过程减少了 Sc 原子周围氮空位的数量。
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引用次数: 0
Demonstration of THz frequency hopping in the 300 GHz band based on UTC-PD and tunable DFB laser array 基于 UTC-PD 和可调谐 DFB 激光阵列的 300 GHz 波段太赫兹跳频演示
Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.35848/1347-4065/ad3926
Bo Li, Shenghong Ye, M. Che, Haolan Tang, Naoto Masutomi, Yuya Mikami, Kazutoshi Kato
We explored the potential of an optoelectronic frequency hopping system within the 300 GHz band, leveraging a tunable distributed feedback (DFB) laser array and uni-traveling carrier photodiode (UTC-PD). Our experiments successfully achieved a 10-channel terahertz (THz) frequency hopping, marking a significant advancement in THz secure communication technologies. Notably, the system exhibited a rapid frequency-hopping capability with a short transition time of 0.8 ms between channels, ranging from 288 GHz to 331 GHz. Further, we conducted data transmission tests at a rate of 5 Gbit/s across several channels. The results were promising, showing each channel maintained a clear eye pattern and a low bit error rate, crucial factors for reliable and secure data transmission. These findings not only demonstrate the efficacy of our system but also open new avenues for high-speed, secure THz communication.
我们利用可调谐分布式反馈(DFB)激光器阵列和单程载波光电二极管(UTC-PD),探索了 300 GHz 频段内光电跳频系统的潜力。我们的实验成功实现了 10 通道太赫兹(THz)跳频,标志着太赫兹安全通信技术的重大进步。值得注意的是,该系统具有快速跳频能力,信道之间的转换时间短至 0.8 毫秒,频率范围从 288 GHz 到 331 GHz。此外,我们还在多个信道上进行了速率为 5 Gbit/s 的数据传输测试。结果令人欣喜,显示每个信道都保持了清晰的眼图和较低的误码率,而这正是可靠和安全数据传输的关键因素。这些发现不仅证明了我们系统的功效,还为高速、安全的太赫兹通信开辟了新途径。
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引用次数: 0
Formation of one-dimensionally self-aligned Si-QDs and their local electron discharging properties 一维自排列 Si-QD 的形成及其局部电子放电特性
Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.35848/1347-4065/ad38f7
Y. Imai, K. Makihara, Yuji Yamamoto, Wei-Chen Wen, M. Schubert, Jongeun Baek, Ryoya Tsuji, Noriyuki Taoka, A. Ohta, Seiichi Miyazaki
Self-aligned Si-quantum-dots (Si-QDs) with an areal density as high as ~1011 cm-2 have been fabricated on ultrathin SiO2 by using a ~4.5 nm-thick poly-Si on insulator (SOI) substrate, and controlling low-pressure chemical-vapor-deposition (LPCVD) using monosilane (SiH4), and followed by thermal oxidation. By controlling the thermal oxidation processes of Si-QDs and the poly-Si layer, we have successfully demonstrated the vertical alignment of Si-QDs, where the Si-QDs are also used as a shadow mask of the underlying poly-Si layer. We also demonstrated in-plane alignment of the one-dimensionally self-aligned Si-QDs on line-patterned SiO2. In addition, from surface potential measurements by using atomic force microscopy (AFM)/Kelvin probe force microscopy (KFM), we confirmed that the initial surface potential change caused by valence electron extraction from the dots to the tip was stably maintained until ~120 min, implying the quantum confinement effect at discrete energy levels of the upper- and lower- QDs.
通过使用约 4.5 nm 厚的绝缘体上聚硅氧烷(SOI)衬底,并使用单硅烷(SiH4)控制低压化学气相沉积(LPCVD),然后进行热氧化,我们在超薄二氧化硅(SiO2)上制备出了自配准的 Si-QDs (Si-QDs),其磁场密度高达约 1011 cm-2。通过控制 Si-QDs 和多晶硅层的热氧化过程,我们成功地演示了 Si-QDs 的垂直排列,其中 Si-QDs 还被用作底层多晶硅层的阴影掩膜。我们还证明了一维自对准 Si-QD 在线型二氧化硅上的平面内对准。此外,通过原子力显微镜(AFM)/开尔文探针力显微镜(KFM)对表面电势的测量,我们证实了价电子从点到尖端的萃取所引起的初始表面电势变化一直稳定地维持到 ~120 分钟,这意味着量子禁锢效应存在于上层和下层 QDs 的离散能级上。
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引用次数: 0
Study on resist performance of inorganic-organic resist materials for EUV and EB lithography 用于 EUV 和 EB 光刻技术的无机有机抗蚀剂材料的抗蚀性能研究
Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.35848/1347-4065/ad38c5
Hiroki Yamamoto, Yuko Tsutsui Ito, K. Okamoto, Shuhei Shimoda, Takahiro Kozawa
In this study, some hybrid inorganic-organic resist materials known as metal-oxo clusters were synthesized and their lithographic characteristics were investigated to clarify the difference in sensitivity and resolution among Ti-based, Zr-based and Hf-based oxo clusters by using EUV and EB exposure. Our results indicated that the sensitivity in Hf-based oxo clusters was higher than those of Ti-based and Zr-based oxo clusters in both EB and EUV exposure. Although the exposure dose was not optimized, the patterns of Ti-based, Zr-based, and Hf-based oxo clusters showed a 100, 50, and 32 nm line and space patterns at the dose of 250, 80, and 25 C/cm2, respectively. We clarified that it is very important for the new resist design such as hybrid inorganic-organic resist to increase photo-absorption cross section and density of elements. In particular, the size and homogeneity of particle and film quality is very important for resist performance of hybrid inorganic-organic resist materials. In addition, it is clarified that etch durability increased by annealing metal oxo clusters
本研究合成了一些称为金属氧簇的无机-有机混合抗蚀剂材料,并研究了它们的光刻特性,通过使用 EUV 和 EB 曝光来阐明钛基、锆基和铪基氧簇在灵敏度和分辨率方面的差异。结果表明,在 EB 和 EUV 曝光中,Hf 基氧化物团簇的灵敏度均高于 Ti 基和 Zr 基氧化物团簇。虽然曝光剂量没有达到最佳,但在剂量为 250、80 和 25 C/cm2 时,钛基、锆基和铪基氧化物团簇的图案分别显示出 100、50 和 32 nm 的线和空间图案。我们明确指出,对于无机-有机混合抗蚀剂等新型抗蚀剂设计而言,增加光吸收截面和元素密度非常重要。特别是,颗粒的大小和均匀性以及薄膜的质量对无机-有机混合抗蚀剂材料的抗蚀性能非常重要。此外,通过对金属氧化物团簇进行退火处理,还能提高蚀刻耐久性。
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引用次数: 0
Suppression of effects of the synchronization error with adaptive down-conversion for underwater acoustic communication 利用自适应下变频抑制同步误差对水下声学通信的影响
Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.35848/1347-4065/ad38c9
Mitsuyasu Deguchi, Y. Kida, Yoshitaka Watanabe, Takuya Shimura
In underwater acoustic communication, inaccurate synchronization can cause an incorrect estimation of the uniform Doppler shift, thereby degrading demodulation performance. In this paper, the effect of inaccurate synchronization on demodulation is mathematically described, theoretically demonstrating that adaptive down-conversion, which has been proposed to suppress the effects of nonuniform Doppler shift, reduces the degradation of demodulation performance caused by inaccurate synchronization. The improvement in demodulation performance by adaptive down-conversion was evaluated using experimental data. The demodulation results including the intended synchronization errors clearly show that adaptive down-conversion reduces the effects of the synchronization errors and improves demodulation performance in cases with inaccurate synchronization.
在水下声学通信中,不准确的同步会导致对均匀多普勒频移的错误估计,从而降低解调性能。本文用数学方法描述了不准确同步对解调的影响,从理论上证明了自适应下变频(已被提出用于抑制非均匀多普勒频移的影响)可减少不准确同步造成的解调性能下降。利用实验数据评估了自适应下变频对解调性能的改善。包括预期同步误差在内的解调结果清楚地表明,自适应下变频减少了同步误差的影响,提高了不准确同步情况下的解调性能。
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引用次数: 0
Mask innovations on the eve of High NA EUV lithography 高 NA EUV 光刻前夕的掩膜创新
Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.35848/1347-4065/ad38c7
V. Philipsen, A. Frommhold, D. Thakare, Guillaume Libeert, Inhwan Lee, J. Franke, Joost Bekaert, L. van Look, Nick Pellens, P. de Bisschop, Rik Jonckheere, T. Kovalevich, Vincent Wiaux, Eric Hendrickx
We are on the eve of the next big step in lithography technology with the introduction of High numerical aperture EUV. The change from NA 0.33 to 0.55 in EUV lithography is an increase of 67%, which is the largest jump in the last decades, and puts tight requirements on focus and edge placement. Moreover, the lithography system has changed from fully isomorphic, i.e., same demagnification in all directions, to an anamorphic system, i.e., the demagnification in scan direction has doubled with respect to the slit direction. At imec we are fostering the ecosystem surrounding the lithography tool. In this paper we focus on the imaging and mask innovations supporting the EUV ecosystem, which are categorized into four areas: novel absorber masks, stitching, mask variability, and innovative imaging solutions. The current drivers of IC manufacturers implementing (High NA) EUVL are reduction of the EUV exposure dose and decrease in wafer stochastics. We discuss how these four areas have the potential to deliver in EUVL an increase in productivity, an improvement in the process window and a reduction in stochasticity at wafer level.
随着高数值孔径 EUV 的推出,我们即将迎来光刻技术的下一个重大发展。EUV 光刻技术的 NA 值从 0.33 提高到 0.55,提高了 67%,这是过去几十年来最大的飞跃,对聚焦和边缘放置提出了严格的要求。此外,光刻系统已从完全同构系统(即所有方向的退磁都相同)转变为非同构系统(即扫描方向的退磁相对于狭缝方向增加了一倍)。在 imec,我们正在培育围绕光刻工具的生态系统。在本文中,我们将重点讨论支持 EUV 生态系统的成像和掩膜创新,这些创新分为四个方面:新型吸收掩膜、拼接、掩膜可变性和创新成像解决方案。目前,集成电路制造商实施(高 NA)EUVL 的驱动力是减少 EUV 曝光剂量和降低晶圆随机性。我们将讨论这四个领域如何在超紫外光中实现提高生产率、改善工艺窗口和降低晶圆随机性的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Optical fiber-based acoustic intensity microphone for high-intensity airborne ultrasound measurement 用于高强度机载超声波测量的基于光纤的声强传声器
Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.35848/1347-4065/ad38c8
Takayuki Hoshi, Yoshiki O-oka
The increasing use of airborne ultrasonic waves in daily life, driven by advances in parametric and phased arrays, has led to innovative applications like highly directional speakers, non-contact tactile feedback, 3D acoustic levitation, and medical therapies. These advancements necessitate accurate measurement of high-intensity ultrasonic waves, exceeding the capability of traditional microphones limited to around 160 dB , and highlight the growing importance of measuring the sound field not merely as scalar (sound pressure) but as vector (acoustic intensity) to accommodate future technological developments. This paper introduces an acoustic intensity microphone using optical fibers as probes to overcome these limitations. The proposed method replaces the two ordinary microphones used in the traditional acoustic intensity measurement method with thin optical fibers, minimizing sound field disturbance. Experimental validation and the structure of a practical acoustic intensity microphone are discussed, building upon foundational work presented at USE2023 with added verification and insights.
在参数阵列和相控阵列技术进步的推动下,空气传播超声波在日常生活中的应用日益广泛,并带来了各种创新应用,如高指向性扬声器、非接触式触觉反馈、三维声学悬浮和医疗。这些进步要求对高强度超声波进行精确测量,而传统传声器的测量能力仅限于 160 dB 左右,这就凸显了测量声场的重要性,不仅要测量标量(声压),还要测量矢量(声强),以适应未来的技术发展。本文介绍了一种使用光纤作为探头的声强传声器,以克服这些限制。所提出的方法用细光纤取代了传统声强测量方法中使用的两个普通传声器,最大限度地减少了声场干扰。实验验证和实用声强传声器的结构将在 USE2023 上介绍的基础工作的基础上进行讨论,并增加验证和见解。
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引用次数: 0
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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics
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