Lydia R. Johnson, Alana A. E. Wilcox, S. Alexander, E. Bowles, H. Castleden, D. Henri, Chris Herc, Lucas King, J. Provencher, D. Orihel
Western-trained, non-Indigenous researchers in Canada have an ethical responsibility to collaborate with Indigenous Peoples and to re-envision the scientific research process through the lens of reconciliation. The health of the natural environment has long been a concern to both Indigenous and non-Indigenous Peoples, and weaving different ways of knowing could provide a path forward to address critical wildlife health concerns. Here, we conducted a review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature that claims to weave Indigenous and Western ways of knowing in ecotoxicology and wildlife health in Canada, coding for background information, wildlife health stressors, research methods, Indigenous participation, and research outcomes. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria, the majority of which were published since 2015 and took place in Canada’s North. Research collaborations were often between First Nations or Inuit knowledge holders (most frequently, active harvesters and Elders) and Western-trained, non-Indigenous academics. Most studies were initiated by mutual agreement between community partners and researchers, but no study was “Indigenous-led” at any stage of research. Studies investigated environmental contaminants and health-related topics in a range of wildlife, usually traditional subsistence species. The most commonly studied disease was avian cholera, and the most studied class of toxicants was metals and trace elements. Indigenous knowledge was primarily collected via interviews. Studies often used multiple methodologies to braid or weave knowledge, but the most frequently used methodology was community-based participatory research. To provide a more holistic understanding of the process of weaving knowledge, we conducted an in-depth examination, applying a decolonizing lens, of two exemplar cases of collaborative research with Indigenous communities. This exploration led to the conclusion that research that weaves ways of knowing must not be approached with a “one-size-fits-all” mindset, but instead should emphasize relationship building, continuous engagement, and ethical practices. By adopting such practices, Western-trained, non-Indigenous academics can better address critical wildlife health concerns while contributing meaningfully to advancing healing and reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples.
{"title":"Weaving Indigenous and Western ways of knowing in ecotoxicology and wildlife health: a review of Canadian studies","authors":"Lydia R. Johnson, Alana A. E. Wilcox, S. Alexander, E. Bowles, H. Castleden, D. Henri, Chris Herc, Lucas King, J. Provencher, D. Orihel","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0087","url":null,"abstract":"Western-trained, non-Indigenous researchers in Canada have an ethical responsibility to collaborate with Indigenous Peoples and to re-envision the scientific research process through the lens of reconciliation. The health of the natural environment has long been a concern to both Indigenous and non-Indigenous Peoples, and weaving different ways of knowing could provide a path forward to address critical wildlife health concerns. Here, we conducted a review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature that claims to weave Indigenous and Western ways of knowing in ecotoxicology and wildlife health in Canada, coding for background information, wildlife health stressors, research methods, Indigenous participation, and research outcomes. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria, the majority of which were published since 2015 and took place in Canada’s North. Research collaborations were often between First Nations or Inuit knowledge holders (most frequently, active harvesters and Elders) and Western-trained, non-Indigenous academics. Most studies were initiated by mutual agreement between community partners and researchers, but no study was “Indigenous-led” at any stage of research. Studies investigated environmental contaminants and health-related topics in a range of wildlife, usually traditional subsistence species. The most commonly studied disease was avian cholera, and the most studied class of toxicants was metals and trace elements. Indigenous knowledge was primarily collected via interviews. Studies often used multiple methodologies to braid or weave knowledge, but the most frequently used methodology was community-based participatory research. To provide a more holistic understanding of the process of weaving knowledge, we conducted an in-depth examination, applying a decolonizing lens, of two exemplar cases of collaborative research with Indigenous communities. This exploration led to the conclusion that research that weaves ways of knowing must not be approached with a “one-size-fits-all” mindset, but instead should emphasize relationship building, continuous engagement, and ethical practices. By adopting such practices, Western-trained, non-Indigenous academics can better address critical wildlife health concerns while contributing meaningfully to advancing healing and reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44667997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reddi Sekhara Yalamala, Melanie Zurba, Ryan C. L. Bullock, A. Diduck
In this paper, Indigenous engagement in renewable energy projects is reviewed and the main elements of energy partnerships between various stakeholders and Indigenous partners are discussed. In recent years Canada has witnessed more significant Indigenous involvement in economic and energy development projects than ever before. The key components of large-scale energy partnerships focus on community engagement, financial capital, community buy-in (readiness with entrepreneurial and business skills) and benefits-sharing with community partners. Equity-ownership, reconciliation and self-determination intersect with and impact the benefits and sustainability of energy projects as they are interrelated in the framework of most energy partnerships. In addition, this paper illustrates features of energy projects in the literature and policy disconnects in connection with partnership-making, social outcomes, and decision making among Indigenous communities. Furthermore, findings from the literature explore the nuanced discourse on social implications and capacity challenges that interlink with reconciliation when promoting large-scale renewable energy partnerships with Indigenous communities. Through systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature, we found eighty relevant items during the screening process and selected thirty-three for the analysis. Findings demonstrate that the Crown, energy companies and community partners need to coordinate and collaborate closely to achieve energy security and sustainable renewable energy in the near future. The review suggests that Indigenous engagement in energy partnerships supports positive outcomes for social development and environmental protection among Indigenous communities. Further, when government and industry partners mentor in the project implementation process, as well as help other communities, large-scale positive impacts on energy transitions and self-sufficiency can be realized.
{"title":"A Review of Large-Scale Renewable Energy Partnerships with Indigenous Communities and Organizations in Canada","authors":"Reddi Sekhara Yalamala, Melanie Zurba, Ryan C. L. Bullock, A. Diduck","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, Indigenous engagement in renewable energy projects is reviewed and the main elements of energy partnerships between various stakeholders and Indigenous partners are discussed. In recent years Canada has witnessed more significant Indigenous involvement in economic and energy development projects than ever before. The key components of large-scale energy partnerships focus on community engagement, financial capital, community buy-in (readiness with entrepreneurial and business skills) and benefits-sharing with community partners. Equity-ownership, reconciliation and self-determination intersect with and impact the benefits and sustainability of energy projects as they are interrelated in the framework of most energy partnerships. In addition, this paper illustrates features of energy projects in the literature and policy disconnects in connection with partnership-making, social outcomes, and decision making among Indigenous communities. Furthermore, findings from the literature explore the nuanced discourse on social implications and capacity challenges that interlink with reconciliation when promoting large-scale renewable energy partnerships with Indigenous communities. Through systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature, we found eighty relevant items during the screening process and selected thirty-three for the analysis. Findings demonstrate that the Crown, energy companies and community partners need to coordinate and collaborate closely to achieve energy security and sustainable renewable energy in the near future. The review suggests that Indigenous engagement in energy partnerships supports positive outcomes for social development and environmental protection among Indigenous communities. Further, when government and industry partners mentor in the project implementation process, as well as help other communities, large-scale positive impacts on energy transitions and self-sufficiency can be realized.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44569903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karson Sudlow, Simonne S. Tremblay, Rolf Rdv Vinebrooke
Climate change is accelerating the global loss of glaciers with potentially striking consequences for downstream ecosystems. However, there exists limited evidence of the ecological impacts of glacier loss in meltwater streams, particularly in those outside of North America and Europe. We provide a review of the abiotic conditions in glacial streams that are potential factors of their ecosystem function and biodiversity with an emphasis on their key primary producers, namely rock-attached algae or “epilithon.” Here, shrinking glaciers discharge over time less turbid melt waters, resulting in slower moving and more transparent stream conditions that are also warmer and more chemically dilute. We hypothesize that these environmental changes will stimulate epilithic algal growth while also shifting its community structure towards larger and less nutritious taxa. Although such an increase in algal growth may benefit the productive harvestable fish capacity of certain mountain streams, a potential negative trade-off involves the proliferation of nuisance algae (e.g., Didymosphenia geminata), which thrives under clear, nutrient-poor mountain conditions. We advocate the use of long-term ecological monitoring programs and experiments coordinated across global mountain ranges to better predict and understand the ecological consequences of loss of glaciers on mountain stream ecosystems.
{"title":"Glacial stream ecosystems and epilithic algal communities under a warming climate","authors":"Karson Sudlow, Simonne S. Tremblay, Rolf Rdv Vinebrooke","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0114","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is accelerating the global loss of glaciers with potentially striking consequences for downstream ecosystems. However, there exists limited evidence of the ecological impacts of glacier loss in meltwater streams, particularly in those outside of North America and Europe. We provide a review of the abiotic conditions in glacial streams that are potential factors of their ecosystem function and biodiversity with an emphasis on their key primary producers, namely rock-attached algae or “epilithon.” Here, shrinking glaciers discharge over time less turbid melt waters, resulting in slower moving and more transparent stream conditions that are also warmer and more chemically dilute. We hypothesize that these environmental changes will stimulate epilithic algal growth while also shifting its community structure towards larger and less nutritious taxa. Although such an increase in algal growth may benefit the productive harvestable fish capacity of certain mountain streams, a potential negative trade-off involves the proliferation of nuisance algae (e.g., Didymosphenia geminata), which thrives under clear, nutrient-poor mountain conditions. We advocate the use of long-term ecological monitoring programs and experiments coordinated across global mountain ranges to better predict and understand the ecological consequences of loss of glaciers on mountain stream ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46016719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karst caves are considered sinks for atmospheric CH4 due to their sub-atmospheric CH4 concentrations. Isotopic and molecular analyses suggest that methanotrophic bacteria ( MOB) play an important role in consumption of CH4 in caves. Previous research has established that the biogeographic patterns of microorganisms exist widely and is created and maintained by different ecological processes. Considering the great potential of cave MOB in CH4 oxidation, understanding the assembly and working mechanisms will have practical implications for understanding and utilizing cave ecological resources. In this review, we have summarized the information collected thus far on CH4 sources and sinks in caves, MOB phylogeny, and MOB ecophysiology. We applied this knowledge to discuss the factors that may influence the composition and distribution of cave MOB communities in the context of karst geology. Finally, we review the relevant methods and theories and discuss the opportunities and challenges involved in the predictive description of microbial processes of cave CH4 consumption.
{"title":"Progress in understanding the methane sink and methanotrophs in karst caves","authors":"Sitong Gong, Weijun Luo, L. Hao, Shijie Wang","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0034","url":null,"abstract":"Karst caves are considered sinks for atmospheric CH4 due to their sub-atmospheric CH4 concentrations. Isotopic and molecular analyses suggest that methanotrophic bacteria ( MOB) play an important role in consumption of CH4 in caves. Previous research has established that the biogeographic patterns of microorganisms exist widely and is created and maintained by different ecological processes. Considering the great potential of cave MOB in CH4 oxidation, understanding the assembly and working mechanisms will have practical implications for understanding and utilizing cave ecological resources. In this review, we have summarized the information collected thus far on CH4 sources and sinks in caves, MOB phylogeny, and MOB ecophysiology. We applied this knowledge to discuss the factors that may influence the composition and distribution of cave MOB communities in the context of karst geology. Finally, we review the relevant methods and theories and discuss the opportunities and challenges involved in the predictive description of microbial processes of cave CH4 consumption.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46797917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaelyn J. Fogelman, Jennifer M. Archambault, E. Irwin, M. Walsh, S. Brewer, James A. Stoeckel
Freshwater mussels of the order Unionida are currently one of the most imperiled groups of organisms in the North American faunal region. Accurate risk assessments and development of effective management strategies for remaining populations require knowledge of thermal limits in the face of increasing surface water temperature due to climate change and various anthropogenic factors. We conducted a systematic literature review of unionid mussels (order Unionida, families Margaritiferidae and Unionidae) in the North American faunal region to (1) summarize lethal thermal tolerance data by life stage and taxonomy, (2) discuss ecological and climate change implications of existing lethal tolerance data, and (3) identify needs for future research. We identified lethal tolerance estimates for only 28 of 302 species in the families Unionidae and Margaritiferidae. The mean acute median lethal temperatures were 32.8 °C for glochidia (19 species), 35.0 °C for juveniles (13 species), and 36.3 °C for adults (4 species). Generally, glochidia were less tolerant than juveniles or adults of the same species—but there were several exceptions. Generally, Amblemini had the highest acute and chronic thermal tolerance of all tribes followed by Anodontini, Pleurobemini, Lampsilini, and Quadrilini. Acclimation temperature affected lethal tolerance endpoints in less than half (52 of 145) of comparisons within species. Lethal tolerance data for additional species, combined with a comprehensive database of in situ surface water temperatures, would be useful for modeling the frequency and duration of lethal limit exceedance in North America and identifying populations currently living at or near their upper lethal limits.
{"title":"A review of lethal thermal tolerance among freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionida) within the North American faunal region","authors":"Kaelyn J. Fogelman, Jennifer M. Archambault, E. Irwin, M. Walsh, S. Brewer, James A. Stoeckel","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0077","url":null,"abstract":"Freshwater mussels of the order Unionida are currently one of the most imperiled groups of organisms in the North American faunal region. Accurate risk assessments and development of effective management strategies for remaining populations require knowledge of thermal limits in the face of increasing surface water temperature due to climate change and various anthropogenic factors. We conducted a systematic literature review of unionid mussels (order Unionida, families Margaritiferidae and Unionidae) in the North American faunal region to (1) summarize lethal thermal tolerance data by life stage and taxonomy, (2) discuss ecological and climate change implications of existing lethal tolerance data, and (3) identify needs for future research. We identified lethal tolerance estimates for only 28 of 302 species in the families Unionidae and Margaritiferidae. The mean acute median lethal temperatures were 32.8 °C for glochidia (19 species), 35.0 °C for juveniles (13 species), and 36.3 °C for adults (4 species). Generally, glochidia were less tolerant than juveniles or adults of the same species—but there were several exceptions. Generally, Amblemini had the highest acute and chronic thermal tolerance of all tribes followed by Anodontini, Pleurobemini, Lampsilini, and Quadrilini. Acclimation temperature affected lethal tolerance endpoints in less than half (52 of 145) of comparisons within species. Lethal tolerance data for additional species, combined with a comprehensive database of in situ surface water temperatures, would be useful for modeling the frequency and duration of lethal limit exceedance in North America and identifying populations currently living at or near their upper lethal limits.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42510656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nirhvana Felipe da Silva, M. C. B. de Araújo, J. S. Silva-Cavalcanti
Cigarette butts (CBs) are composed of cellulose acetate and are a significant source of anthropogenic waste. More than 4 trillion CBs are improperly discarded in natural and urban environments, resulting in the contamination of a variety of ecosystems. The goal of the present study was to obtain information regarding environmental contamination of CBs through a comprehensive systematic review. A literature review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method. “Cigarette butt” and “cigarette filter” were used as keywords in searches in Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink databases, where the abstracts were separated, organized, and analysed using IRaMuTeQ software. The review identified 116 articles published in 23 countries, with publication growth observed over the years. Through descending hierarchical classification, two groups and four classes were recognized, whereby different terminologies were specified by factorial correspondence and similarity analyses. The four classes were categorized as follows: (1) ecotoxicological studies, with information about the lethal and sublethal effects of CBs on different organisms; (2) public policies, with discussion pertaining to the problem and possible measures and actions aimed at reducing CB contamination; (3) contamination of public areas, with studies addressing the potential dispersion of this material in the environment; and (4) physicochemical aspects, with evidence of the potential for contamination caused by the components contained in the cigarette filters. However, despite an increasing number of publications over the years and a variety of studies regarding the environmental effects of CBs, there is still an absence of information within each class, requiring further research.
{"title":"Cigarette butts in the environment: a growing global threat?","authors":"Nirhvana Felipe da Silva, M. C. B. de Araújo, J. S. Silva-Cavalcanti","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0080","url":null,"abstract":"Cigarette butts (CBs) are composed of cellulose acetate and are a significant source of anthropogenic waste. More than 4 trillion CBs are improperly discarded in natural and urban environments, resulting in the contamination of a variety of ecosystems. The goal of the present study was to obtain information regarding environmental contamination of CBs through a comprehensive systematic review. A literature review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method. “Cigarette butt” and “cigarette filter” were used as keywords in searches in Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink databases, where the abstracts were separated, organized, and analysed using IRaMuTeQ software. The review identified 116 articles published in 23 countries, with publication growth observed over the years. Through descending hierarchical classification, two groups and four classes were recognized, whereby different terminologies were specified by factorial correspondence and similarity analyses. The four classes were categorized as follows: (1) ecotoxicological studies, with information about the lethal and sublethal effects of CBs on different organisms; (2) public policies, with discussion pertaining to the problem and possible measures and actions aimed at reducing CB contamination; (3) contamination of public areas, with studies addressing the potential dispersion of this material in the environment; and (4) physicochemical aspects, with evidence of the potential for contamination caused by the components contained in the cigarette filters. However, despite an increasing number of publications over the years and a variety of studies regarding the environmental effects of CBs, there is still an absence of information within each class, requiring further research.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48107494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Planning and management of water and water infrastructure under climate stress”","authors":"Kh. Md. Nahiduzzaman, R. Sadiq","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46190184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arctic warming is occurring at a much faster rate than in other parts of the globe, with potentially devastating consequences for the diverse array of species within ecologically and biologically sensitive areas in the Arctic marine region. However, climate change research in this region is sparse compared to other biomes, hindering conservation efforts. In this article, we review and synthesize the available literature to understand the observed and potential impacts of climate change on different species and ecosystems in the Arctic marine region. We reviewed 253 articles reporting changes in species and ecosystems in the Arctic marine region in response to climate change (225 studies documenting observed impacts and 28 reporting predicted impacts). The review revealed that most research effort has been concentrated in only a subset of Arctic Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) (5/18 LMEs), with the majority of Arctic LMEs being poorly studied. The majority of the reviewed papers focused on marine mammals (19%) followed by microalgae (17%). A number of studies documented variability in planktonic communities (microalgae, macroalgae, zooplankton), resulting in alteration in ecosystem structure and function. Reproductive failure, decline in populations, and changes in diet composition, behavior and breeding biology were reported for sea birds and mammals. Further, shifts in spatial distribution of fishes were observed by several studies. This review provides persuasive evidence that multiple climate change indices in the Arctic region are changing, with impacts on almost all components of marine biotic ecosystems (from plankton to top predators). We identify a number of gaps (such as limited inventory of biota, robustness of data supporting climate change indices on an Arctic Ocean scale, and climate suitability assessment for all species) in climate change research in Arctic marine ecosystems where future studies can help to quantify the impacts of climate change on species and ecosystems and advance understanding for their adaptive management.
{"title":"Arctic marine ecosystems face increasing climate stress","authors":"J. C. Deb, S. Bailey","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0101","url":null,"abstract":"Arctic warming is occurring at a much faster rate than in other parts of the globe, with potentially devastating consequences for the diverse array of species within ecologically and biologically sensitive areas in the Arctic marine region. However, climate change research in this region is sparse compared to other biomes, hindering conservation efforts. In this article, we review and synthesize the available literature to understand the observed and potential impacts of climate change on different species and ecosystems in the Arctic marine region. We reviewed 253 articles reporting changes in species and ecosystems in the Arctic marine region in response to climate change (225 studies documenting observed impacts and 28 reporting predicted impacts). The review revealed that most research effort has been concentrated in only a subset of Arctic Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) (5/18 LMEs), with the majority of Arctic LMEs being poorly studied. The majority of the reviewed papers focused on marine mammals (19%) followed by microalgae (17%). A number of studies documented variability in planktonic communities (microalgae, macroalgae, zooplankton), resulting in alteration in ecosystem structure and function. Reproductive failure, decline in populations, and changes in diet composition, behavior and breeding biology were reported for sea birds and mammals. Further, shifts in spatial distribution of fishes were observed by several studies. This review provides persuasive evidence that multiple climate change indices in the Arctic region are changing, with impacts on almost all components of marine biotic ecosystems (from plankton to top predators). We identify a number of gaps (such as limited inventory of biota, robustness of data supporting climate change indices on an Arctic Ocean scale, and climate suitability assessment for all species) in climate change research in Arctic marine ecosystems where future studies can help to quantify the impacts of climate change on species and ecosystems and advance understanding for their adaptive management.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64255308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Dołęgowska, A. Sołtys, K. Krzciuk, Dariusz Wideł
Soils, next to vegetation, are one of the most popular indicators in environmental quality studies. The response of soils to air pollution is less complex than the response of vegetation. In soils, mainly in their upper layers, the deposition of compounds may occur almost undisturbed, therefore results of chemical analyses are readily used in the assessment of changes caused by natural processes and anthropogenic activities. In a temperate climate zone, the outermost layer of forest soils is formed by an organic horizon (-O), which comprises two basic subhorizons, of which the organic fermentative-humic subhorizon (-Ofh) is recognized as the most noteworthy. The subhorizon-Ofh encompasses partially and fully decomposed organic matter (humic and fulvic acids, humins), as well as Fe, Mn and Al oxides and hydroxides, forming a characteristic tangled mat. The structure pattern of this subhorizon is responsible for the higher concentrations of elements and organic compounds, which are immobilized through sorption, complexation or precipitation. Some previous studies have shown that the subhorizon-Ofh has enhanced accumulative properties in comparison to the remaining subjacent soil horizons. Results derived from soil studies in the Holy Cross Mountains/HCMs (south-central Poland) have also revealed that this subhorizon is mainly enriched in polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) and some trace elements (Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn). This could make the subhorizon-Ofh a potential geoindicator of soil quality in relation to these compounds over the temperate climate zone. However, further study on this issue is needed to confirm its application in environmental monitoring.
{"title":"The subhorizon-Ofh as a prospective geoindicator of temperate soil quality in relation to selected trace elements and PAHs: A review","authors":"S. Dołęgowska, A. Sołtys, K. Krzciuk, Dariusz Wideł","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0079","url":null,"abstract":"Soils, next to vegetation, are one of the most popular indicators in environmental quality studies. The response of soils to air pollution is less complex than the response of vegetation. In soils, mainly in their upper layers, the deposition of compounds may occur almost undisturbed, therefore results of chemical analyses are readily used in the assessment of changes caused by natural processes and anthropogenic activities. In a temperate climate zone, the outermost layer of forest soils is formed by an organic horizon (-O), which comprises two basic subhorizons, of which the organic fermentative-humic subhorizon (-Ofh) is recognized as the most noteworthy. The subhorizon-Ofh encompasses partially and fully decomposed organic matter (humic and fulvic acids, humins), as well as Fe, Mn and Al oxides and hydroxides, forming a characteristic tangled mat. The structure pattern of this subhorizon is responsible for the higher concentrations of elements and organic compounds, which are immobilized through sorption, complexation or precipitation. Some previous studies have shown that the subhorizon-Ofh has enhanced accumulative properties in comparison to the remaining subjacent soil horizons. Results derived from soil studies in the Holy Cross Mountains/HCMs (south-central Poland) have also revealed that this subhorizon is mainly enriched in polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) and some trace elements (Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn). This could make the subhorizon-Ofh a potential geoindicator of soil quality in relation to these compounds over the temperate climate zone. However, further study on this issue is needed to confirm its application in environmental monitoring.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48553201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariella H. J. Becu, Tracy A. Michalski, J. Richardson
Small lakes (< 1 km2) are physically, chemically, and biologically linked to their watersheds through hydrologic, terrestrial, and aerial delivery of materials. Inputs affecting lake function and structure, such as nutrient, energy, sediment, and large wood subsidies, arrive at the lake on three spatial scales, i.e., the lake watershed, lake-inflow streams, and lake riparian areas. Lakes are sinks in the waterscape and integrate cumulative inputs from the landscape. Lakes can therefore react to landscape disturbances such as forest harvesting. Forest harvesting and associated activities can induce changes in watershed water yields, inputs of organic and inorganic materials to lakes, and in lake temperatures and wind. These changes result in stressors that can alter the lake’s physical habitat, water quality, and food webs. Here we review the reported impacts of forest harvesting on small, temperate zone lakes. The magnitude of the lake response to harvesting can depend on factors such as the proportion of the watershed harvested, the intensity of this harvesting, silvicultural practices and other activities, and road construction and density. Other additional factors include the proximity of the lake to harvesting and its impact on hydrological pathways connecting perturbed areas to stream and lake systems. The majority of surveyed studies reported short-term increases in nutrient and energy inputs, increased sedimentation due to harvesting, and increases in wind speeds, where about half reported increases in primary production or decreases in zooplankton biomass. Results on benthic macroinvertebrate, fish, and amphibians were less frequently reported and were geographically variable. Variation in the direction and magnitude of a lake’s food web response is likely due to studies of lakes with differences in watershed characteristics and forestry activities that can affect the magnitude of the lake response (i.e., proportion of watershed harvesting, forestry operations methods, hydrological connections to the lake, and site-specific attributes). We also discuss watershed forestry management and the implementation of lakeshore riparian buffers in the context of reducing forestry impacts on lakes. Most studies have been short-term, and the long-term, cumulative effects of forest harvesting on lake ecosystems remain unclear.
{"title":"Forest harvesting impacts on small, temperate zone lakes: a review","authors":"Mariella H. J. Becu, Tracy A. Michalski, J. Richardson","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0098","url":null,"abstract":"Small lakes (< 1 km2) are physically, chemically, and biologically linked to their watersheds through hydrologic, terrestrial, and aerial delivery of materials. Inputs affecting lake function and structure, such as nutrient, energy, sediment, and large wood subsidies, arrive at the lake on three spatial scales, i.e., the lake watershed, lake-inflow streams, and lake riparian areas. Lakes are sinks in the waterscape and integrate cumulative inputs from the landscape. Lakes can therefore react to landscape disturbances such as forest harvesting. Forest harvesting and associated activities can induce changes in watershed water yields, inputs of organic and inorganic materials to lakes, and in lake temperatures and wind. These changes result in stressors that can alter the lake’s physical habitat, water quality, and food webs. Here we review the reported impacts of forest harvesting on small, temperate zone lakes. The magnitude of the lake response to harvesting can depend on factors such as the proportion of the watershed harvested, the intensity of this harvesting, silvicultural practices and other activities, and road construction and density. Other additional factors include the proximity of the lake to harvesting and its impact on hydrological pathways connecting perturbed areas to stream and lake systems. The majority of surveyed studies reported short-term increases in nutrient and energy inputs, increased sedimentation due to harvesting, and increases in wind speeds, where about half reported increases in primary production or decreases in zooplankton biomass. Results on benthic macroinvertebrate, fish, and amphibians were less frequently reported and were geographically variable. Variation in the direction and magnitude of a lake’s food web response is likely due to studies of lakes with differences in watershed characteristics and forestry activities that can affect the magnitude of the lake response (i.e., proportion of watershed harvesting, forestry operations methods, hydrological connections to the lake, and site-specific attributes). We also discuss watershed forestry management and the implementation of lakeshore riparian buffers in the context of reducing forestry impacts on lakes. Most studies have been short-term, and the long-term, cumulative effects of forest harvesting on lake ecosystems remain unclear.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42697100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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