C. Yu, Liang Dongxu, Chen Hongyu, Zhu Suiyi, Wang Xianze, Yang Jiakuan, Xie Xinfeng, Joseph Eskola, Bian Dejun
This paper discusses the resource utilization of Fe-rich sludges generated as waste products from water treatment, hydrometallurgy, surface finishing, and dye chemical industries. Apart from the conventional landfill disposal of such sludges, the work focuses on sludge purification for new commercial products, including iron red/black dyes, an iron concentrate powder, a polyferric flocculant, a catalyst, and a magnetic adsorbent. Among such purifications, a new strategy was developed to recycle Fe-rich sludges for a new Fe/S-bearing flocculant. Given that Fe-rich sludges may contain rare and/or heavy metals, the purification of sludges as high-purity hematite nanoparticles and other valuable products is detailed as a new insight. Accordingly, the mechanisms for the phase transformation of Fe-bearing minerals and the purification of valuable Fe oxides are deeply considered. The work summarizes the pilot- and/or field-scale application for recycling of Fe-rich sludge and proposes the development of a new Fe/S flocculant and a high-purity hematite product.
{"title":"Review of resource utilization of Fe-rich sludges: purification, upcycling, and application in wastewater treatment","authors":"C. Yu, Liang Dongxu, Chen Hongyu, Zhu Suiyi, Wang Xianze, Yang Jiakuan, Xie Xinfeng, Joseph Eskola, Bian Dejun","doi":"10.1139/er-2021-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2021-0038","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the resource utilization of Fe-rich sludges generated as waste products from water treatment, hydrometallurgy, surface finishing, and dye chemical industries. Apart from the conventional landfill disposal of such sludges, the work focuses on sludge purification for new commercial products, including iron red/black dyes, an iron concentrate powder, a polyferric flocculant, a catalyst, and a magnetic adsorbent. Among such purifications, a new strategy was developed to recycle Fe-rich sludges for a new Fe/S-bearing flocculant. Given that Fe-rich sludges may contain rare and/or heavy metals, the purification of sludges as high-purity hematite nanoparticles and other valuable products is detailed as a new insight. Accordingly, the mechanisms for the phase transformation of Fe-bearing minerals and the purification of valuable Fe oxides are deeply considered. The work summarizes the pilot- and/or field-scale application for recycling of Fe-rich sludge and proposes the development of a new Fe/S flocculant and a high-purity hematite product.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44203132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This selective review points to a rich body of literature on environmental perceptions, attitudes and place attachment in South Africa. Research works highlight that the global-North dominates in human-nature relations studies, with relatively less work done in less developed economies like sub-Saharan Africa and South Africa. Additionally, the review of the literature on these concepts points to the complexity of these aspects in terms of their conceptual distinctions, amorphous nature, and hence the difficulties surrounding their spatial characterisation. This selective review aims to provide a contrast between South African and international studies on these concepts. This review notes that human-nature studies in South Africa are dominated by place research, which is largely an influence of the country’s spatio-political setting, where social engineering was influenced by past policies that had substantial impacts on the arrangement of space, identity, and belonging. Additionally, the review notes the dearth of literature that has attempted to spatially characterise human-nature relations in the country. Spatially characterising these concepts could be beneficial for urban and environmental planners and policymakers in the country, and assist in initiatives meant to reduce spatial inequalities in the country
{"title":"A selective review of environmental perceptions, attitudes, place attachment and their spatial characterisation. Contrasting the South African and global perspectives","authors":"S. Dlamini, S. Tesfamichael, T. Mokhele","doi":"10.1139/er-2021-0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2021-0107","url":null,"abstract":"This selective review points to a rich body of literature on environmental perceptions, attitudes and place attachment in South Africa. Research works highlight that the global-North dominates in human-nature relations studies, with relatively less work done in less developed economies like sub-Saharan Africa and South Africa. Additionally, the review of the literature on these concepts points to the complexity of these aspects in terms of their conceptual distinctions, amorphous nature, and hence the difficulties surrounding their spatial characterisation. This selective review aims to provide a contrast between South African and international studies on these concepts. This review notes that human-nature studies in South Africa are dominated by place research, which is largely an influence of the country’s spatio-political setting, where social engineering was influenced by past policies that had substantial impacts on the arrangement of space, identity, and belonging. Additionally, the review notes the dearth of literature that has attempted to spatially characterise human-nature relations in the country. Spatially characterising these concepts could be beneficial for urban and environmental planners and policymakers in the country, and assist in initiatives meant to reduce spatial inequalities in the country","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44332939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Flemming, R. Lanctot, C. Price, M. Mallory, S. Kühn, M. Drever, T. Barry, J. Provencher
Concerns about the impact of plastics pollution on the environment have been growing since the 1970s. Marine debris has reportedly entangled and/or been ingested by 914 marine species ranging from microinvertebrates to large marine mammals. Shorebirds could have a high potential to be exposed to and ingest plastics pollution, as many species migrate long distances and periodically concentrate around shorelines, coastal areas, and estuaries that can have elevated levels of plastics pollution. Currently, little is understood about plastics exposure, frequency of occurrence, and potential impacts relating to shorebirds. In this study, we catalogued and reviewed available studies across the globe that examined plastics pollution in shorebirds. We then quantified relevant traits of species and their environments to explore how shorebirds may be exposed to plastics pollution. Of 1106 samples from 26 shorebird species described within 16 studies that examined plastics ingestion, 53% of individuals contained some form of plastics pollution. Overall, Haematopodidae (oystercatchers) had the highest frequency of occurrence (FO) of plastics, followed by Recurvirostridae (avocets), Scolopacidae (sandpipers, phalaropes, godwits, curlews), and Charadriidae (plovers). Plastics FO was much greater among species that migrated across marine areas (either oceanic or coastal) than those species that used continental flyways. Species that foraged at sea, on mudflats, or on beaches, had higher average FO of plastics ingestion than species than foraged in upland, or freshwater environments. Finally, species that used a sweeping foraging mode showed higher levels of ingested plastics and contained a far greater number of plastic pieces than all other techniques. These conclusions are based on a limited number of species and samples, with the distribution of samples skewed taxonomically and geographically. Using the combined knowledge of known shorebirds-plastics interactions and shorebird ecology, we present a hierarchical approach to identifying shorebirds that may be more vulnerable and susceptible to plastics ingestion. We provide recommendations on sampling protocols and future areas of research.
{"title":"Shorebirds ingest plastics too: What we know, what we don’t know, and what we should do next","authors":"S. Flemming, R. Lanctot, C. Price, M. Mallory, S. Kühn, M. Drever, T. Barry, J. Provencher","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns about the impact of plastics pollution on the environment have been growing since the 1970s. Marine debris has reportedly entangled and/or been ingested by 914 marine species ranging from microinvertebrates to large marine mammals. Shorebirds could have a high potential to be exposed to and ingest plastics pollution, as many species migrate long distances and periodically concentrate around shorelines, coastal areas, and estuaries that can have elevated levels of plastics pollution. Currently, little is understood about plastics exposure, frequency of occurrence, and potential impacts relating to shorebirds. In this study, we catalogued and reviewed available studies across the globe that examined plastics pollution in shorebirds. We then quantified relevant traits of species and their environments to explore how shorebirds may be exposed to plastics pollution. Of 1106 samples from 26 shorebird species described within 16 studies that examined plastics ingestion, 53% of individuals contained some form of plastics pollution. Overall, Haematopodidae (oystercatchers) had the highest frequency of occurrence (FO) of plastics, followed by Recurvirostridae (avocets), Scolopacidae (sandpipers, phalaropes, godwits, curlews), and Charadriidae (plovers). Plastics FO was much greater among species that migrated across marine areas (either oceanic or coastal) than those species that used continental flyways. Species that foraged at sea, on mudflats, or on beaches, had higher average FO of plastics ingestion than species than foraged in upland, or freshwater environments. Finally, species that used a sweeping foraging mode showed higher levels of ingested plastics and contained a far greater number of plastic pieces than all other techniques. These conclusions are based on a limited number of species and samples, with the distribution of samples skewed taxonomically and geographically. Using the combined knowledge of known shorebirds-plastics interactions and shorebird ecology, we present a hierarchical approach to identifying shorebirds that may be more vulnerable and susceptible to plastics ingestion. We provide recommendations on sampling protocols and future areas of research.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49381501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Dixon, M. Elmarsafy, Natasha Hannan, Vivian Gao, Caitlin Wright, Layana Khan, Derek K. Gray
As the global population increases, the expansion of road networks has led to the destruction and disturbance of terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Road-related stressors have significant effects on both lotic and lentic habitats. While there are several systematic reviews that evaluate the effects of roads on lotic environments, there are none that consider their effects on lentic habitats only. We conducted a literature review to achieve two objectives: 1) to summarize the effects of roads on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of lentic environments; and 2) to identify biases and gaps in our current knowledge of the effects of roads on lentic habitats so that we could find promising areas for future research. Our review found 172 papers published between 1970-2020. The most frequently studied stressors associated with roads included road salt and heavy metal contamination (67 and 43 papers respectively), habitat fragmentation, (37 papers) and landscape change (14 papers). These stressors can lead to alterations in conductivity and chloride levels, changes in lake stratification patterns, increases in heavy metal concentrations in water and organisms, and significant mortality as amphibians disperse across roadways. We also identified a variety of other stressors that may be understudied based on their frequency of appearance in our search results, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, road dust, increased accessibility, hydrological changes, noise pollution, dust suppressants, sedimentation, invasive species introductions, and water withdrawal. Our review indicated that there are strong geographic biases in published studies, with 57.0% examining North American sites and 30.2% examining European sites. Furthermore, there were taxonomic biases in the published literature, with most studies focusing on amphibians (41.7%), fish (15.6%), and macroinvertebrates (14.6%), while few considered zooplankton (8.3%), diatoms (7.3%), amoebas (5.2%), water birds (3.1%), reptiles (2.1%) and macrophytes (1.0%). Based on our review, we have identified promising areas for future research for each of the major stressors related to roadways. However, we speculate that rectifying the geographic and taxonomic bias of our current knowledge could significantly advance our understanding of the impacts of roads on lentic environments, thereby better informing environmental management of these important habitats.
{"title":"The effects of roadways on lakes and ponds: a systematic review and assessment of knowledge gaps","authors":"H. Dixon, M. Elmarsafy, Natasha Hannan, Vivian Gao, Caitlin Wright, Layana Khan, Derek K. Gray","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0022","url":null,"abstract":"As the global population increases, the expansion of road networks has led to the destruction and disturbance of terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Road-related stressors have significant effects on both lotic and lentic habitats. While there are several systematic reviews that evaluate the effects of roads on lotic environments, there are none that consider their effects on lentic habitats only. We conducted a literature review to achieve two objectives: 1) to summarize the effects of roads on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of lentic environments; and 2) to identify biases and gaps in our current knowledge of the effects of roads on lentic habitats so that we could find promising areas for future research. Our review found 172 papers published between 1970-2020. The most frequently studied stressors associated with roads included road salt and heavy metal contamination (67 and 43 papers respectively), habitat fragmentation, (37 papers) and landscape change (14 papers). These stressors can lead to alterations in conductivity and chloride levels, changes in lake stratification patterns, increases in heavy metal concentrations in water and organisms, and significant mortality as amphibians disperse across roadways. We also identified a variety of other stressors that may be understudied based on their frequency of appearance in our search results, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, road dust, increased accessibility, hydrological changes, noise pollution, dust suppressants, sedimentation, invasive species introductions, and water withdrawal. Our review indicated that there are strong geographic biases in published studies, with 57.0% examining North American sites and 30.2% examining European sites. Furthermore, there were taxonomic biases in the published literature, with most studies focusing on amphibians (41.7%), fish (15.6%), and macroinvertebrates (14.6%), while few considered zooplankton (8.3%), diatoms (7.3%), amoebas (5.2%), water birds (3.1%), reptiles (2.1%) and macrophytes (1.0%). Based on our review, we have identified promising areas for future research for each of the major stressors related to roadways. However, we speculate that rectifying the geographic and taxonomic bias of our current knowledge could significantly advance our understanding of the impacts of roads on lentic environments, thereby better informing environmental management of these important habitats.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46069092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The management of hazardous municipal waste is a challenge. Added to this burden is the management of huge and growing quantities of electrical and electronic waste, which is emerging as one of the most important environmental challenges and health problems in developing countries, particularly in Africa. This has been accelerated by rapid growth and development in the information and communication technology (ICT) industries. The growth in waste electrical and electronic equipment (e-waste) has brought several challenges including introducing effective management practices that are environmentally sound to reduce the negative impacts on human health and the environment. This review aimed to show the extent of e-waste as a growing issue to the environment and human health in developing countries where waste management problems pose immense challenges. Seven electronic databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, JSTOR, and Google scholar) were used to access published scientific articles. Systematic reviews, case studies, analytical cross-sectional studies, policy review papers, and available relevant studies were considered. The findings of this review show that the volume of electronic waste destined for developing countries is increasing from year to year. Most countries did not have specific policies on e-waste but relied on hazardous waste policies. Dumping and improper recycling and handling of e-waste causes problems such as contamination of soil and water, depletion of grazing land, health problems such as respiratory infections, various cancers, congenital disabilities, and other health issues that affect the brain and other vital organs.
危险城市废物的管理是一项挑战。除了这一负担之外，还要管理数量巨大且不断增加的电气和电子废物，这正在成为发展中国家，特别是非洲国家最重要的环境挑战和健康问题之一。信息和通信技术(ICT)行业的快速增长和发展加速了这一进程。废弃电气和电子设备(电子废物)的增长带来了若干挑战，包括采用无害环境的有效管理做法，以减少对人类健康和环境的负面影响。本次审查的目的是表明，在废物管理问题构成巨大挑战的发展中国家，电子废物对环境和人类健康的影响日益严重。7个电子数据库(Scopus、Web of Science、PubMed、ScienceDirect、DOAJ、JSTOR和谷歌scholar)被用来访问已发表的科学论文。系统综述、案例研究、分析性横断面研究、政策综述论文和现有的相关研究均被考虑在内。这项审查的结果表明，运往发展中国家的电子废物的数量正在逐年增加。大多数国家没有关于电子废物的具体政策，而是依赖有害废物政策。倾倒和不当回收和处理电子废物会造成土壤和水污染、牧场枯竭、呼吸道感染等健康问题、各种癌症、先天性残疾以及影响大脑和其他重要器官的其他健康问题等问题。
{"title":"E-waste: Growing environmental and health problems and its management alternatives in developing countries","authors":"Yohannes Desalegn Wirtu, Gudina Terefe Tucho","doi":"10.1139/er-2021-0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2021-0120","url":null,"abstract":"The management of hazardous municipal waste is a challenge. Added to this burden is the management of huge and growing quantities of electrical and electronic waste, which is emerging as one of the most important environmental challenges and health problems in developing countries, particularly in Africa. This has been accelerated by rapid growth and development in the information and communication technology (ICT) industries. The growth in waste electrical and electronic equipment (e-waste) has brought several challenges including introducing effective management practices that are environmentally sound to reduce the negative impacts on human health and the environment. This review aimed to show the extent of e-waste as a growing issue to the environment and human health in developing countries where waste management problems pose immense challenges. Seven electronic databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, JSTOR, and Google scholar) were used to access published scientific articles. Systematic reviews, case studies, analytical cross-sectional studies, policy review papers, and available relevant studies were considered. The findings of this review show that the volume of electronic waste destined for developing countries is increasing from year to year. Most countries did not have specific policies on e-waste but relied on hazardous waste policies. Dumping and improper recycling and handling of e-waste causes problems such as contamination of soil and water, depletion of grazing land, health problems such as respiratory infections, various cancers, congenital disabilities, and other health issues that affect the brain and other vital organs.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45631140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forest succession is a dynamic process of progressive compositional development of ecological communities of species following natural or anthropogenic disturbance. Despite a rich history of conceptual frameworks, models, and empirical advances, the complex interactions among climatic conditions, disturbances, edaphic factors, and silvicultural treatments still challenge our ability to accurately predict forest succession, hindering application to forest management. Our goal was to improve understanding of forest succession in the managed boreal forests of North America by clarifying advances in knowledge and limitations in our understanding. We reviewed 152 peer reviewed papers to (i) document conceptual developments in forest succession; (ii) summarize drivers of North American boreal forest succession, including changes to forest composition and successional trajectories given climate change; and (iii) discuss the implications of the synthesized information for boreal forest management. While the element of stochasticity is expected to increase under climate change, successional dynamics are anticipated to remain predominantly deterministic. Southern boreal forests are at increased risk of mortality due to warming-driven drought and increased fires. Following disturbance, regeneration is likely to favour deciduous hardwoods. In boreal mixedwoods, increased fires would promote jack pine, and also black spruce on hydric and xeric sites. Dynamics of the northern boreal will depend on the balance between precipitation and evapotranspiration. Forest management must carefully select prescriptions to promote forest regeneration and composition that considers the long-term effects of changing climate and disturbance regimes. For instance, combining retention cut with mechanical site preparation would maintain site productivity and reverse open black spruce stand development in northern boreal stands. Our work shows that multiple disturbances have compounding effects on forest development, but further work is needed to better define thresholds for synergistic and buffering interactions. Modelling of boreal forest succession can be improved by incorporating more of the influential factors, but this is often limited by the lack of data. This information will guide the development of forest management strategies by exploring combinations of prescribed fire and variable intensity selection cutting systems to reproduce the effects of multiple interacting natural disturbances under climate change on successional dynamics.
{"title":"A CRITICAL REVIEW OF SUCCESSIONAL DYNAMICS IN BOREAL FORESTS OF NORTH AMERICA","authors":"K. Anyomi, Brad Neary, Jiaxin Chen, S. J. Mayor","doi":"10.1139/er-2021-0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2021-0106","url":null,"abstract":"Forest succession is a dynamic process of progressive compositional development of ecological communities of species following natural or anthropogenic disturbance. Despite a rich history of conceptual frameworks, models, and empirical advances, the complex interactions among climatic conditions, disturbances, edaphic factors, and silvicultural treatments still challenge our ability to accurately predict forest succession, hindering application to forest management. Our goal was to improve understanding of forest succession in the managed boreal forests of North America by clarifying advances in knowledge and limitations in our understanding. We reviewed 152 peer reviewed papers to (i) document conceptual developments in forest succession; (ii) summarize drivers of North American boreal forest succession, including changes to forest composition and successional trajectories given climate change; and (iii) discuss the implications of the synthesized information for boreal forest management. While the element of stochasticity is expected to increase under climate change, successional dynamics are anticipated to remain predominantly deterministic. Southern boreal forests are at increased risk of mortality due to warming-driven drought and increased fires. Following disturbance, regeneration is likely to favour deciduous hardwoods. In boreal mixedwoods, increased fires would promote jack pine, and also black spruce on hydric and xeric sites. Dynamics of the northern boreal will depend on the balance between precipitation and evapotranspiration. Forest management must carefully select prescriptions to promote forest regeneration and composition that considers the long-term effects of changing climate and disturbance regimes. For instance, combining retention cut with mechanical site preparation would maintain site productivity and reverse open black spruce stand development in northern boreal stands. Our work shows that multiple disturbances have compounding effects on forest development, but further work is needed to better define thresholds for synergistic and buffering interactions. Modelling of boreal forest succession can be improved by incorporating more of the influential factors, but this is often limited by the lack of data. This information will guide the development of forest management strategies by exploring combinations of prescribed fire and variable intensity selection cutting systems to reproduce the effects of multiple interacting natural disturbances under climate change on successional dynamics.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44493345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leakages in water distribution networks (WDNs) cause economic losses and environmental hazards. It is, therefore, unsurprising that water-leak management has been a focus of research over the last couple of decades, but leaks in WDNs still occur frequently. Thus, this domain is experiencing a transformation from traditional signal processing and statistical-based models to artificial intelligence (AI) based models for recognizing complex leak patterns, handling large datasets, and establishing accurate leak-management models, especially in leak detection and localization. However, a comprehensive review of the application of AI in water-leak management is largely missing from the literature. To bridge this gap, this review presents a criteria-based critical review to systematically investigate the existing literature on the application of AI in four sub-domains of leak management including leak detection, localization, prediction, and sizing. The first criterion (research attributes) established the (1) research trends, (2) links between influential countries and sources, and (3) popular keywords using scientometric analysis. The systematic analysis of the second criterion (research technicality) and the third criterion (research focus) revealed the (1) AI-techniques adopted, (2) equipment used for collecting data, (3) data features used in the models, (4) objectives of different models adopted, (5) type of experiments conducted to collect the data, and (6) types of pipes for which models were developed. The study highlighted research gaps, future research directions, and proposed a leak management framework for upcoming AI studies in this domain. This review is intended to serve early researchers by enhancing their understanding of existing research in AI-based leak management as well as seasoned researchers by providing a platform for future research.
{"title":"Criteria-based critical review of artificial intelligence applications in water-leak management","authors":"S. Abdelmageed, S. Tariq, Vincent Boadu, T. Zayed","doi":"10.1139/er-2021-0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2021-0046","url":null,"abstract":"Leakages in water distribution networks (WDNs) cause economic losses and environmental hazards. It is, therefore, unsurprising that water-leak management has been a focus of research over the last couple of decades, but leaks in WDNs still occur frequently. Thus, this domain is experiencing a transformation from traditional signal processing and statistical-based models to artificial intelligence (AI) based models for recognizing complex leak patterns, handling large datasets, and establishing accurate leak-management models, especially in leak detection and localization. However, a comprehensive review of the application of AI in water-leak management is largely missing from the literature. To bridge this gap, this review presents a criteria-based critical review to systematically investigate the existing literature on the application of AI in four sub-domains of leak management including leak detection, localization, prediction, and sizing. The first criterion (research attributes) established the (1) research trends, (2) links between influential countries and sources, and (3) popular keywords using scientometric analysis. The systematic analysis of the second criterion (research technicality) and the third criterion (research focus) revealed the (1) AI-techniques adopted, (2) equipment used for collecting data, (3) data features used in the models, (4) objectives of different models adopted, (5) type of experiments conducted to collect the data, and (6) types of pipes for which models were developed. The study highlighted research gaps, future research directions, and proposed a leak management framework for upcoming AI studies in this domain. This review is intended to serve early researchers by enhancing their understanding of existing research in AI-based leak management as well as seasoned researchers by providing a platform for future research.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49633604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sulfolane is widely used around the world as an industrial solvent for purifying sour natural gas. However, because of accidental spillage and improper on-site storage/disposal procedures, reports of groundwater, aquifer, and soil contaminations have raised concerns about its potential impacts on humans and the ecosystem. As a contaminant of emerging concern, there is a lack of information on the human toxicity of sulfolane. Several bioremediation technologies have been conducted to assess the biodegradation potential of sulfolane in contaminated groundwater and soils. This review presents and discusses the available literature on the toxicity of sulfolane, which could be useful for developing proper sulfolane guidelines in different media. The oral LD50 of sulfolane varies from 0.6 to 3.5 g·(kg body mass)–1 for different mammalian species, including guinea pig, mouse, rabbit, and rat. In addition, we also review the various sulfolane bioremediation studies to date, highlighting the efficacy of aerobic versus anaerobic bioremediation of sulfolane at contaminated sites. The zero-order biodegradation rate of sulfolane varies from 0.033 to 190 mg·L–1·day–1 depending on the initial concentration of sulfolane, nutrients, oxygen levels, temperature, and other parameters. Effective aerobic treatment technologies can lead to the complete mineralization of sulfolane with sulfuric acid as its major end by-product. Furthermore, the application of aerobic granulation as a promising biotechnology for sulfolane biodegradation is also discussed. This review further discusses the significance of utilizing sulfolane-degrading bacteria to reduce treatment times and presents information for future researchers and scientists on the specific isolates recorded.
{"title":"Sulfolane in contaminated sites: environmental toxicity and bioremediation technologies","authors":"M. F. Khan, Linlong Yu, G. Achari","doi":"10.1139/er-2021-0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2021-0071","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfolane is widely used around the world as an industrial solvent for purifying sour natural gas. However, because of accidental spillage and improper on-site storage/disposal procedures, reports of groundwater, aquifer, and soil contaminations have raised concerns about its potential impacts on humans and the ecosystem. As a contaminant of emerging concern, there is a lack of information on the human toxicity of sulfolane. Several bioremediation technologies have been conducted to assess the biodegradation potential of sulfolane in contaminated groundwater and soils. This review presents and discusses the available literature on the toxicity of sulfolane, which could be useful for developing proper sulfolane guidelines in different media. The oral LD50 of sulfolane varies from 0.6 to 3.5 g·(kg body mass)–1 for different mammalian species, including guinea pig, mouse, rabbit, and rat. In addition, we also review the various sulfolane bioremediation studies to date, highlighting the efficacy of aerobic versus anaerobic bioremediation of sulfolane at contaminated sites. The zero-order biodegradation rate of sulfolane varies from 0.033 to 190 mg·L–1·day–1 depending on the initial concentration of sulfolane, nutrients, oxygen levels, temperature, and other parameters. Effective aerobic treatment technologies can lead to the complete mineralization of sulfolane with sulfuric acid as its major end by-product. Furthermore, the application of aerobic granulation as a promising biotechnology for sulfolane biodegradation is also discussed. This review further discusses the significance of utilizing sulfolane-degrading bacteria to reduce treatment times and presents information for future researchers and scientists on the specific isolates recorded.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47291461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drought is a costly natural disaster characterized by water shortages that impact water availability, agriculture, ecosystems, and the economy. The driving mechanisms of drought operate on a wide range of spatial scales, from the movement of soil water on a hillslope to global atmospheric circulation. Additionally, drought impacts vary across spatial scales, from drought induced crop stress on a specific agricultural field to widespread continental water shortages. As a result, multi-scalar drought monitoring and early warning systems are needed to utilize observational datasets obtained at different spatial scales and to communicate drought impacts to various levels of decision-makers in government and industry. However, scaling must be employed to translate information across scales, either to fix incongruencies in the spatial scale of input datasets or to modify the model output scale. These scaling techniques have several challenges and limitations that hinder drought accuracy and interpretability, such as the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) and increased model uncertainty. This paper reviews the role of spatial scale in drought monitoring and early warning systems, the associated challenges, and techniques to minimize their impact. Finally, this review identifies several knowledge gaps and future directions.
{"title":"The Role of Spatial Scale in Drought Monitoring and Early Warning Systems: A Review","authors":"Jacob Mardian","doi":"10.1139/er-2021-0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2021-0102","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is a costly natural disaster characterized by water shortages that impact water availability, agriculture, ecosystems, and the economy. The driving mechanisms of drought operate on a wide range of spatial scales, from the movement of soil water on a hillslope to global atmospheric circulation. Additionally, drought impacts vary across spatial scales, from drought induced crop stress on a specific agricultural field to widespread continental water shortages. As a result, multi-scalar drought monitoring and early warning systems are needed to utilize observational datasets obtained at different spatial scales and to communicate drought impacts to various levels of decision-makers in government and industry. However, scaling must be employed to translate information across scales, either to fix incongruencies in the spatial scale of input datasets or to modify the model output scale. These scaling techniques have several challenges and limitations that hinder drought accuracy and interpretability, such as the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) and increased model uncertainty. This paper reviews the role of spatial scale in drought monitoring and early warning systems, the associated challenges, and techniques to minimize their impact. Finally, this review identifies several knowledge gaps and future directions.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44494232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Satayeva, A. Baimenov, S. Azat, U. Zhantikeyev, A. Seisenova, Z. Tauanov
The generation of coal fly ash (CFA) in coal-fired power plants worldwide has been a major concern over the past few decades. CFA as a by-product possesses unique properties and chemical composition that could be utilized in resolving mercury contamination issues in Central Asia, particularly in Kazakhstan. This review article gives an overview of coal generation capacity and evaluation of the current state of electricity production and ecological concerns related to CFA accumulation. We provide a detailed comparison of the physical properties and chemical compositions of three types of CFAs from Kazakhstani power plants, and present potential approaches to help alleviate mercury contamination issues. Furthermore, this review highlights the current state of mercury contamination in artificial Lake Balkyldak and in the Nura River of the North and Central regions of Kazakhstan. Of particular interest is the appropriate utilization of CFAs in resolving mercury contamination issues by highlighting and comparing the state-of-the-art technology of porous and non-porous materials and currently reported in the literature.
{"title":"Review on coal fly ash generation and utilization for resolving mercury contamination issues in Central Asia: Kazakhstan","authors":"A. Satayeva, A. Baimenov, S. Azat, U. Zhantikeyev, A. Seisenova, Z. Tauanov","doi":"10.1139/er-2021-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2021-0035","url":null,"abstract":"The generation of coal fly ash (CFA) in coal-fired power plants worldwide has been a major concern over the past few decades. CFA as a by-product possesses unique properties and chemical composition that could be utilized in resolving mercury contamination issues in Central Asia, particularly in Kazakhstan. This review article gives an overview of coal generation capacity and evaluation of the current state of electricity production and ecological concerns related to CFA accumulation. We provide a detailed comparison of the physical properties and chemical compositions of three types of CFAs from Kazakhstani power plants, and present potential approaches to help alleviate mercury contamination issues. Furthermore, this review highlights the current state of mercury contamination in artificial Lake Balkyldak and in the Nura River of the North and Central regions of Kazakhstan. Of particular interest is the appropriate utilization of CFAs in resolving mercury contamination issues by highlighting and comparing the state-of-the-art technology of porous and non-porous materials and currently reported in the literature.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46409045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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