J. Britton, A. Lynch, Helge Bardal, Stephanie J. Bradbeer, J. Coetzee, N. Coughlan, T. Dalu, E. Tricarico, B. Gallardo, M. Lintermans, F. Lucy, Chunlong Liu, J. Olden, R. Raghavan, Eleri G. Pritchard
The Emergency Recovery Plan for freshwater biodiversity recognises that addressing non-native species is one of six principal actions needed to bend the curve in freshwater biodiversity loss. This is because introduction rates of non-native species continue to accelerate globally and, where these species develop invasive populations, they can have severe impacts on freshwater biodiversity. The most effective management measure to protect freshwater biodiversity is to prevent introductions of non-native species. Should a non-native species be introduced, however, then its early detection and the implementation of rapid reaction measures can avoid it establishing and dispersing. If these measures are unsuccessful and the species becomes invasive then control and containment measures can minimise its further spread and impact. Minimizing further spread and impact includes control methods to reduce invader abundance and containment methods such as screening of invaded sites and strict biosecurity to avoid the invader dispersing to neighbouring basins. These management actions have benefitted from developments in invasion risk assessment that can prioritise species according to their invasion risk and, for species already invasive, ensure that management actions are commensurate with assessed risk. The successful management of freshwater non-native species still requires the overcoming of some implementation challenges, including non-native species often being a symptom of degraded habitats rather than the main driver of ecological change, and eradication methods often being non-species specific. Given the multiple anthropogenic stressors in freshwaters, non-native species management must work with other restoration strategies if it is to deliver the Emergency Recovery Plan for freshwater biodiversity.
{"title":"Preventing and controlling non-native species invasions to bend the curve of global freshwater biodiversity loss","authors":"J. Britton, A. Lynch, Helge Bardal, Stephanie J. Bradbeer, J. Coetzee, N. Coughlan, T. Dalu, E. Tricarico, B. Gallardo, M. Lintermans, F. Lucy, Chunlong Liu, J. Olden, R. Raghavan, Eleri G. Pritchard","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0103","url":null,"abstract":"The Emergency Recovery Plan for freshwater biodiversity recognises that addressing non-native species is one of six principal actions needed to bend the curve in freshwater biodiversity loss. This is because introduction rates of non-native species continue to accelerate globally and, where these species develop invasive populations, they can have severe impacts on freshwater biodiversity. The most effective management measure to protect freshwater biodiversity is to prevent introductions of non-native species. Should a non-native species be introduced, however, then its early detection and the implementation of rapid reaction measures can avoid it establishing and dispersing. If these measures are unsuccessful and the species becomes invasive then control and containment measures can minimise its further spread and impact. Minimizing further spread and impact includes control methods to reduce invader abundance and containment methods such as screening of invaded sites and strict biosecurity to avoid the invader dispersing to neighbouring basins. These management actions have benefitted from developments in invasion risk assessment that can prioritise species according to their invasion risk and, for species already invasive, ensure that management actions are commensurate with assessed risk. The successful management of freshwater non-native species still requires the overcoming of some implementation challenges, including non-native species often being a symptom of degraded habitats rather than the main driver of ecological change, and eradication methods often being non-species specific. Given the multiple anthropogenic stressors in freshwaters, non-native species management must work with other restoration strategies if it is to deliver the Emergency Recovery Plan for freshwater biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43928041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dispersants, a class of chemical spill-treating agents used to treat oil spills, are commonly used globally as an alternative response measure. Applying dispersants to an oil slick, shortly after the spill has occurred, can protect shoreline environments and sea surface-dwelling animals, such as some marine bird species, limiting individuals or local populations from the consequences of coming into contact with large quantities of oil. However, this benefit comes with the cost of increasing oil exposure risk to marine biota that spend time in the water column. It is generally believed that the benefits of dispersant use outweigh the costs under most circumstances. However, it is rarely acknowledged that the use of dispersants may have negative impacts on marine biota at the individual or local population level, including marine birds. In Canada, Corexit EC9500A, a regulated dispersant, is being proposed for expanded use beyond treating spills from an offshore oil and gas facility. To understand what the potential impacts from dispersant use are to marine birds, we conducted a literature review to identify the direct and indirect effects of their use. We also provide oil spill responders with a Pathway of Effects conceptual model, a tool for understanding the interactions between dispersants, marine birds, and their environment in order to support a holistic consideration as part of the oil spill response decision-making process. Fundamental uncertainties remain, however, and if left unaccounted for in the decision-making process, they may compromise the appropriateness of spill response approaches and outcomes. We recommend that oil spill responders incorporate the known benefits and costs of dispersant use on marine birds into a decision-making framework such as a Net Environmental Benefits Analyses (NEBA) and with consideration of the Pathway of Effects concept models provided. These recommendations are particularly relevant where a decision-making framework such as NEBA is becoming a more standardized component of the response process. Additionally, greater investment in lab and field-based research, and field observations through monitoring, is required to address existing decision-making uncertainties and provide information gap closure.
{"title":"THE EFFECTS OF OIL SPILL DISPERSANT USE ON MARINE BIRDS: A REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE AND IDENTIFICATION OF INFORMATION GAPS","authors":"O. Osborne, Megan Willie, P. O'Hara","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0072","url":null,"abstract":"Dispersants, a class of chemical spill-treating agents used to treat oil spills, are commonly used globally as an alternative response measure. Applying dispersants to an oil slick, shortly after the spill has occurred, can protect shoreline environments and sea surface-dwelling animals, such as some marine bird species, limiting individuals or local populations from the consequences of coming into contact with large quantities of oil. However, this benefit comes with the cost of increasing oil exposure risk to marine biota that spend time in the water column. It is generally believed that the benefits of dispersant use outweigh the costs under most circumstances. However, it is rarely acknowledged that the use of dispersants may have negative impacts on marine biota at the individual or local population level, including marine birds. In Canada, Corexit EC9500A, a regulated dispersant, is being proposed for expanded use beyond treating spills from an offshore oil and gas facility. To understand what the potential impacts from dispersant use are to marine birds, we conducted a literature review to identify the direct and indirect effects of their use. We also provide oil spill responders with a Pathway of Effects conceptual model, a tool for understanding the interactions between dispersants, marine birds, and their environment in order to support a holistic consideration as part of the oil spill response decision-making process. Fundamental uncertainties remain, however, and if left unaccounted for in the decision-making process, they may compromise the appropriateness of spill response approaches and outcomes. We recommend that oil spill responders incorporate the known benefits and costs of dispersant use on marine birds into a decision-making framework such as a Net Environmental Benefits Analyses (NEBA) and with consideration of the Pathway of Effects concept models provided. These recommendations are particularly relevant where a decision-making framework such as NEBA is becoming a more standardized component of the response process. Additionally, greater investment in lab and field-based research, and field observations through monitoring, is required to address existing decision-making uncertainties and provide information gap closure.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47348182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The excessive consumption of resources and the destruction of ecological environment in mining areas have severely restricted coal mining, and the research on resource and environmental carrying capacity (RECC) of mining areas is of great significance in reconciling coal mining and resource environmental protection. To review the existing research on the RECC of mining areas, the concepts of the RECC were elaborated, and then the development process and application areas of both resource carrying capacity (RCC) and environmental carrying capacity (ECC) were studied. The main methods and models involved in the RECC study were counted. The results showed that the research on the RECC of mining areas has not attracted sufficient attention, and the relevant literature is relatively few. The existing research on RECC in mining areas mainly adopts single-factor analysis, which makes it difficult to comprehensively evaluate the overall situation of RECC in mining areas. Thus, a comprehensive evaluation of the RECC of mining areas by scientific evaluation methods is required to ensure the coordinated development of coal production, resources and environment of mining areas. This review provides an important reference and guidance for the necessity and thinking of the comprehensive study of resources and environment carrying capacity in mining areas.
{"title":"Review on resource and environmental carrying capacity of mining areas in China","authors":"Jiaqi Wang, Yanli Huang, Laiwei Wu, Peixing Jing, Junmeng Li, Shenyang Ouyang, Yachao Guo, Wenzheng Wang","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0093","url":null,"abstract":"The excessive consumption of resources and the destruction of ecological environment in mining areas have severely restricted coal mining, and the research on resource and environmental carrying capacity (RECC) of mining areas is of great significance in reconciling coal mining and resource environmental protection. To review the existing research on the RECC of mining areas, the concepts of the RECC were elaborated, and then the development process and application areas of both resource carrying capacity (RCC) and environmental carrying capacity (ECC) were studied. The main methods and models involved in the RECC study were counted. The results showed that the research on the RECC of mining areas has not attracted sufficient attention, and the relevant literature is relatively few. The existing research on RECC in mining areas mainly adopts single-factor analysis, which makes it difficult to comprehensively evaluate the overall situation of RECC in mining areas. Thus, a comprehensive evaluation of the RECC of mining areas by scientific evaluation methods is required to ensure the coordinated development of coal production, resources and environment of mining areas. This review provides an important reference and guidance for the necessity and thinking of the comprehensive study of resources and environment carrying capacity in mining areas.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42842251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sadia Ishaq, Kh. Md. Nahiduzzaman, S. Sultana, A. Rana, S. Mohammadiun, P. Yousefi, Kasun Hewage, R. Sadiq
The governance of flood resilience comprises an array of policy instruments that can be applied to reduce damages and risks to the communities. Policy instruments available at the local level tend to have the greatest impact on communities’ ability to absorb shock and resume normal operation. This study is the first attempt to analyze policy instruments and regulations guiding the progression of flood resilience measures in the Okanagan Valley, BC. It aims to offer recommendations specific to the local context and identify the best practices to improve flood resilience of the communities. Therefore, the study adopted a multistage methodology including literature review, stakeholder consultations with the organizations (consisting of municipalities, regional districts and First Nations) and quantitative analysis using present/absent criteria to measure prevalence of given indicators and five flood resilience classes. The results suggest that the flood resilience policies and strategies of 22 organizations in the Okanagan valley are predominantly focused on flood preparation and mitigation, whereas policies related to during and post-flood management are still in the infancy and do not offer satisfactory support. Notably, some organizations are proactive in recognizing looming flood risks, thus enacting essential policy measures to strengthen resilience. These results further highlight that these organizations have focused on a variety of measures to improve resilience, such as spatial planning, building construction setbacks, enhancing natural environment, protecting riparian areas, and stormwater management. As well, current flood resilient practices by the Prairies (Calgary) paved the way of how both regions can learn from each other. The study sheds lights on broader takeaways of what the findings of this study mean for other world regions. The study results are of great importance to the organizations across the Okanagan Valley as they lay the groundwork for resource mobilization to achieve flood resilience and sustainability.
{"title":"Flood Resilient Governance in Okanagan Valley of British Columbia:Current Practices and Future Directives","authors":"Sadia Ishaq, Kh. Md. Nahiduzzaman, S. Sultana, A. Rana, S. Mohammadiun, P. Yousefi, Kasun Hewage, R. Sadiq","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"The governance of flood resilience comprises an array of policy instruments that can be applied to reduce damages and risks to the communities. Policy instruments available at the local level tend to have the greatest impact on communities’ ability to absorb shock and resume normal operation. This study is the first attempt to analyze policy instruments and regulations guiding the progression of flood resilience measures in the Okanagan Valley, BC. It aims to offer recommendations specific to the local context and identify the best practices to improve flood resilience of the communities. Therefore, the study adopted a multistage methodology including literature review, stakeholder consultations with the organizations (consisting of municipalities, regional districts and First Nations) and quantitative analysis using present/absent criteria to measure prevalence of given indicators and five flood resilience classes. The results suggest that the flood resilience policies and strategies of 22 organizations in the Okanagan valley are predominantly focused on flood preparation and mitigation, whereas policies related to during and post-flood management are still in the infancy and do not offer satisfactory support. Notably, some organizations are proactive in recognizing looming flood risks, thus enacting essential policy measures to strengthen resilience. These results further highlight that these organizations have focused on a variety of measures to improve resilience, such as spatial planning, building construction setbacks, enhancing natural environment, protecting riparian areas, and stormwater management. As well, current flood resilient practices by the Prairies (Calgary) paved the way of how both regions can learn from each other. The study sheds lights on broader takeaways of what the findings of this study mean for other world regions. The study results are of great importance to the organizations across the Okanagan Valley as they lay the groundwork for resource mobilization to achieve flood resilience and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43635658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This review paper aims at understanding natural and anthropogenic sources of rare earth elements (REEs) in the environment, their mechanisms of action, individual toxicity of REEs and individual toxicity of their mixtures, including with other toxicants. We also summarized the scientific knowledge on REE bioaccumulation by plants, animals and fungi. The purpose of the work was to analyze published scientific information and identify unsolved scientific issues in the selected areas. At present, both natural positive geochemical anomalies of REEs and "spots" of anthropogenic origin are discovered. There is a relationship between natural and anthropogenic sources of REEs in the environment. Increasing REE mining leads to the exposure of rock layers rich in target elements, which are then leached from natural and waste rocks. As a result, the total content of REEs in soils of their extraction areas reaches 2.3 µg/kg, and in the snow of cities it is found from 0.411 µg/kg to 1.463 µg/kg, which is comparable with natural anomalies of elements. Most often such levels of REE accumulation are not dangerous for biota. REEs, like many trace elements, have an essential effect in low concentrations and have harmful effects only when the dose is increased. However, stimulation effects proven for agricultural plants and animals in the natural environment can influence the change in population and community structures. The effects of REE compounds have many uncertainties under the conditions of their joint action with each other and with other substances containing biogenic or potentially toxic elements. The article provides examples of additive, synergistic and antagonistic action of a mixture of elements. Further, it is shown that the bioaccumulation of REEs is comparable to the accumulation of heavy metals in living organisms. Data on the transfer of REEs along trophic chains are single and contradictory. Thus, REEs contribute to the toxic load on living organisms. The main “blank spots” in knowledge about the action of REEs that require further research are identification of the most sensitive and vulnerable species, establishment of long-term effects, and clarification of the joint action of REEs with other substances.
{"title":"Sources of rare earth elements in the environment and their impact on living organisms","authors":"M. Sysolyatina, A. Olkova","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0081","url":null,"abstract":"This review paper aims at understanding natural and anthropogenic sources of rare earth elements (REEs) in the environment, their mechanisms of action, individual toxicity of REEs and individual toxicity of their mixtures, including with other toxicants. We also summarized the scientific knowledge on REE bioaccumulation by plants, animals and fungi. The purpose of the work was to analyze published scientific information and identify unsolved scientific issues in the selected areas. At present, both natural positive geochemical anomalies of REEs and \"spots\" of anthropogenic origin are discovered. There is a relationship between natural and anthropogenic sources of REEs in the environment. Increasing REE mining leads to the exposure of rock layers rich in target elements, which are then leached from natural and waste rocks. As a result, the total content of REEs in soils of their extraction areas reaches 2.3 µg/kg, and in the snow of cities it is found from 0.411 µg/kg to 1.463 µg/kg, which is comparable with natural anomalies of elements. Most often such levels of REE accumulation are not dangerous for biota. REEs, like many trace elements, have an essential effect in low concentrations and have harmful effects only when the dose is increased. However, stimulation effects proven for agricultural plants and animals in the natural environment can influence the change in population and community structures. The effects of REE compounds have many uncertainties under the conditions of their joint action with each other and with other substances containing biogenic or potentially toxic elements. The article provides examples of additive, synergistic and antagonistic action of a mixture of elements. Further, it is shown that the bioaccumulation of REEs is comparable to the accumulation of heavy metals in living organisms. Data on the transfer of REEs along trophic chains are single and contradictory. Thus, REEs contribute to the toxic load on living organisms. The main “blank spots” in knowledge about the action of REEs that require further research are identification of the most sensitive and vulnerable species, establishment of long-term effects, and clarification of the joint action of REEs with other substances.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46924467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azolla is often considered an invasive weed because of the rapid colonization of water surfaces. It is a free-floating aquatic fern, known for its N fixing potential, short doubling time, and bioremediation potential. It has several applications as green manure, N biofertilizer, cattle, chicken, and fish feed supplements because of its high protein content. It can grow on wastewater improving its quality. Azolla biomass thus produced can be utilized for energy production. It has been used for the production of biogas. Recently, its bio-oil potential has been studied. Azolla biomass has been used for biodiesel, biogas, and bio-hydrogen production. The exploitation of Azolla biomass as feedstock for bioenergy needs critical evaluation.
{"title":"Critical evaluation of novel applications of aquatic weed Azolla as sustainable feedstock for deriving bioenergy and feed supplement","authors":"A. Arora, Preeti Nandal, A. Chaudhary","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0033","url":null,"abstract":"Azolla is often considered an invasive weed because of the rapid colonization of water surfaces. It is a free-floating aquatic fern, known for its N fixing potential, short doubling time, and bioremediation potential. It has several applications as green manure, N biofertilizer, cattle, chicken, and fish feed supplements because of its high protein content. It can grow on wastewater improving its quality. Azolla biomass thus produced can be utilized for energy production. It has been used for the production of biogas. Recently, its bio-oil potential has been studied. Azolla biomass has been used for biodiesel, biogas, and bio-hydrogen production. The exploitation of Azolla biomass as feedstock for bioenergy needs critical evaluation.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48926978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) aim to assess the predicted effects of future projects on the environment, human health, and the economic potential of a region. They are an instrumental tool for sustainable development and to reduce the impact of large-scale industrial projects on biodiversity. The accurate assessment of the effects of projects on wildlife populations has a variety of ecological, cultural, and economic implications. However, assessments are commonly done using indirect indicators like the predicted impact of changes in the quantity and quality of wildlife habitat and/or predicted changes in non-specific wildlife population metrics (e.g., relative abundance). In recent decades, the interpretation of wildlife health has moved from the classical dichotomous state of “disease presence/absence’’ to a broader concept that integrates the interaction of biological, social and environmental health determinants. We sought to determine how wildlife health metrics are used in EIA processes and propose a framework to characterize, quantify and monitor wildlife health in future EIAs. First, we performed a targeted review of EIAs documents from three jurisdictions in Canada to characterize the relevance and use of ‘wildlife health’ in these documents. Then, we reviewed case studies and research examples to understand wildlife health in different contexts associated with conservation biology to propose a framework to incorporate wildlife health into baseline monitoring and mitigation processes in EIAs. Our targeted review illustrates that while wildlife health and related terminology is often invoked in the main and specific objectives of EIAs, it is rarely tracked and quantified in EIAs and related processes. We identified approaches that can be used to effectively incorporate wildlife health in EIAs, including context-specific wildlife health metrics, participatory epidemiology, community-based sampling, and Local Ecological Knowledge. We illustrate case studies where wildlife health can facilitate the inclusion of communities, Indigenous governments, and Local Ecological Knowledge into the evaluation process of projects and developments and into co-management practices of wildlife. Our work highlights the critical need to move towards incorporating wildlife health into EIA processes to provide a more direct and holistic perspective on the potential environmental impacts and improve the opportunities for early implementation of mitigation measurements.
{"title":"Wildlife health in environmental impact assessments: are we missing a key metric?","authors":"O. A. Aleuy, S. Kutz, M. Mallory, J. Provencher","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) aim to assess the predicted effects of future projects on the environment, human health, and the economic potential of a region. They are an instrumental tool for sustainable development and to reduce the impact of large-scale industrial projects on biodiversity. The accurate assessment of the effects of projects on wildlife populations has a variety of ecological, cultural, and economic implications. However, assessments are commonly done using indirect indicators like the predicted impact of changes in the quantity and quality of wildlife habitat and/or predicted changes in non-specific wildlife population metrics (e.g., relative abundance). In recent decades, the interpretation of wildlife health has moved from the classical dichotomous state of “disease presence/absence’’ to a broader concept that integrates the interaction of biological, social and environmental health determinants. We sought to determine how wildlife health metrics are used in EIA processes and propose a framework to characterize, quantify and monitor wildlife health in future EIAs. First, we performed a targeted review of EIAs documents from three jurisdictions in Canada to characterize the relevance and use of ‘wildlife health’ in these documents. Then, we reviewed case studies and research examples to understand wildlife health in different contexts associated with conservation biology to propose a framework to incorporate wildlife health into baseline monitoring and mitigation processes in EIAs. Our targeted review illustrates that while wildlife health and related terminology is often invoked in the main and specific objectives of EIAs, it is rarely tracked and quantified in EIAs and related processes. We identified approaches that can be used to effectively incorporate wildlife health in EIAs, including context-specific wildlife health metrics, participatory epidemiology, community-based sampling, and Local Ecological Knowledge. We illustrate case studies where wildlife health can facilitate the inclusion of communities, Indigenous governments, and Local Ecological Knowledge into the evaluation process of projects and developments and into co-management practices of wildlife. Our work highlights the critical need to move towards incorporating wildlife health into EIA processes to provide a more direct and holistic perspective on the potential environmental impacts and improve the opportunities for early implementation of mitigation measurements.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47929735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aysha Mohammed Omran Alshamsi, Bushra Tatan, N. Ashoobi, M. Mortula
Emerging pollutants (EPs) are the contaminants of concern in water systems. These are mainly due to anthropogenic activities and are not always removed during water treatment, eventually affecting the quality of water supply systems (WSSs). These pollutants vary from organic pollutants such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and flame retardants to inorganic pollutants like heavy metals or illicit drugs. Currently, there is a lack of adequate research on the chronic health effects of these pollutants. In addition, climate change plays a role in immobilizing these pollutants. Consequently, considering the increasing effects visible in many countries, the rising levels of contaminants have strained the effectiveness of water treatment facilities. As water supply is an essential service to communities, it is necessary to ensure the reliability against risks of EPs. Therefore, it is important to protect the health and safety of consumers. Climate change has brought threats to water infrastructures, like many others. This review examined the effect of climate change on EPs in water supplies by providing a detailed review of the contaminants, evaluating their potential toxicity, and determining the appropriate water treatment technologies. The role of the WSS in EP immobilization was examined in addition to the potential effect of climate change. This review of different critical and relevant literature aids with the identification of current research gaps. Based on the identified gaps, a research framework was developed for the future investigation of EPs.
{"title":"Emerging Pollutants of Water Supplies and the Effect of Climate Change","authors":"Aysha Mohammed Omran Alshamsi, Bushra Tatan, N. Ashoobi, M. Mortula","doi":"10.1139/er-2021-0097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2021-0097","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging pollutants (EPs) are the contaminants of concern in water systems. These are mainly due to anthropogenic activities and are not always removed during water treatment, eventually affecting the quality of water supply systems (WSSs). These pollutants vary from organic pollutants such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and flame retardants to inorganic pollutants like heavy metals or illicit drugs. Currently, there is a lack of adequate research on the chronic health effects of these pollutants. In addition, climate change plays a role in immobilizing these pollutants. Consequently, considering the increasing effects visible in many countries, the rising levels of contaminants have strained the effectiveness of water treatment facilities. As water supply is an essential service to communities, it is necessary to ensure the reliability against risks of EPs. Therefore, it is important to protect the health and safety of consumers. Climate change has brought threats to water infrastructures, like many others. This review examined the effect of climate change on EPs in water supplies by providing a detailed review of the contaminants, evaluating their potential toxicity, and determining the appropriate water treatment technologies. The role of the WSS in EP immobilization was examined in addition to the potential effect of climate change. This review of different critical and relevant literature aids with the identification of current research gaps. Based on the identified gaps, a research framework was developed for the future investigation of EPs.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41727326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relationship between traffic and forest road erosion has been studied for decades, and the answer to the question “what happens when traffic is present on these unpaved forest roads?” is simple: erosion increases. However, the answer to the question “why does it increase?” is complex and requires us to consider forest road erosion through an integrated lens. Fully understanding how traffic affects forest road erosion will allow us to control forest road erosion effectively. In this synthesis, we look at forest road erosion literature and focus the discussion on the interactions between traffic and erosion. Specifically, we explore four main hypotheses that have been proposed to explain how traffic affects erosion. These hypotheses are discussed in detail, including what data and information are required to evaluate them. In addition to the specific traffic-erosion interactions, we review important factors that interact with traffic to enhance erosion. Finally, we propose a framework that describes forest road erosion as a combination of all limiting factors. This framework can help guide future data collection needs, allow us to form a more holistic understanding of forest road erosion, and ultimately improve predictions of erosion from forest roads.
{"title":"How Does Traffic Affect Erosion of Unpaved Forest Roads?","authors":"Amanda Danielle Alvis, C. Luce, E. Istanbulluoglu","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0032","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between traffic and forest road erosion has been studied for decades, and the answer to the question “what happens when traffic is present on these unpaved forest roads?” is simple: erosion increases. However, the answer to the question “why does it increase?” is complex and requires us to consider forest road erosion through an integrated lens. Fully understanding how traffic affects forest road erosion will allow us to control forest road erosion effectively. In this synthesis, we look at forest road erosion literature and focus the discussion on the interactions between traffic and erosion. Specifically, we explore four main hypotheses that have been proposed to explain how traffic affects erosion. These hypotheses are discussed in detail, including what data and information are required to evaluate them. In addition to the specific traffic-erosion interactions, we review important factors that interact with traffic to enhance erosion. Finally, we propose a framework that describes forest road erosion as a combination of all limiting factors. This framework can help guide future data collection needs, allow us to form a more holistic understanding of forest road erosion, and ultimately improve predictions of erosion from forest roads.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42817057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ninon Delcourt, Anne Marie Farnet-Da Silva, C. Rébufa, C. Périssol, Nathalie Dupuy
This article applies the tools of bibliometric analyses to explore the evolution and strategic orientation of research focusing on the temporal dynamics of land use, which can be considered as an important proxy to assess soil vulnerability. With 1416 papers published in 417 different journals, the investigation showed a growing interest in the subject during the period ranging from 2001 to 2020. The main countries working on that topic are USA, China and certain countries of the European Union with a worldwide collaboration regarding co-authors. A cluster analysis of the keywords generated 6 main themes of research, each focusing on different issues and approaches i.e greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, soil nutrients, climate change, erosion risk, human disturbances as well as resilience of soil functioning. Finally, it appears that the effect of land use legacy is poorly considered in the context of climate change, which could represent a future line of research.
{"title":"Does land use legacy matter for current soil functioning? A bibliometric study (2001-2020)","authors":"Ninon Delcourt, Anne Marie Farnet-Da Silva, C. Rébufa, C. Périssol, Nathalie Dupuy","doi":"10.1139/er-2021-0128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2021-0128","url":null,"abstract":"This article applies the tools of bibliometric analyses to explore the evolution and strategic orientation of research focusing on the temporal dynamics of land use, which can be considered as an important proxy to assess soil vulnerability. With 1416 papers published in 417 different journals, the investigation showed a growing interest in the subject during the period ranging from 2001 to 2020. The main countries working on that topic are USA, China and certain countries of the European Union with a worldwide collaboration regarding co-authors. A cluster analysis of the keywords generated 6 main themes of research, each focusing on different issues and approaches i.e greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, soil nutrients, climate change, erosion risk, human disturbances as well as resilience of soil functioning. Finally, it appears that the effect of land use legacy is poorly considered in the context of climate change, which could represent a future line of research.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48650623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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