The purpose of this phenomenological study is to describe the experiences of Elementary School Teachers in using pedagogies to address learning loss during in-person classes. The concept and idea for the study were gleaned from Shulmans (1986) Pedagogical Content Knowledge Theory, which proposes that effective teachers possess a specific knowledge set alongside certain personality qualities, abilities, and dispositions. This theory emphasizes that teaching well requires both artistry and scientific understanding. There are numerous practices, techniques, and abilities that contribute to effective instruction, and these cannot be fully captured in a limited list. The study is further supported by Vygotskys (1978) Cultural-Historical Activity Theory, which views the learning environment from a social constructivist perspective. This theory fundamentally explains how students acquire knowledge in a social context, interacting with peers and mentors. Additionally, Banduras (1977) Social Learning Theory is used as a supporting framework, which suggests that increased social interaction leads to higher levels of learning. Finally, the study is grounded in van Dijks (2020) Theory of the Digital Divide. There were five (5) public elementary school teachers participated in the in-depth interview. They were selected using purposive sampling method. The results revealed in the experiences, coping up mechanisms, and insights in using pedagogies and strategizing to address the learning loss of the students. More so, collaboration with parents, ineffectively usage of modular learning, problems in reading skills of the learners, structuring of rewards and punishment, and flexibility and consistency in teaching. The results are believed to be significant to teachers and Department of Education regarding on the experiences of public elementary school heads returning to being classroom teacher. KEYWORDS: experiences, public elementary school teachers, learning loss, phenomenology, Davao de Oro
{"title":"ACCOUNTS OF ELEMENTARY TEACHERS ON THE USE OF PEDAGOGIES IN ADDRESSING LEARNING LOSS DURING THE IN-PERSON CLASSES: A PHENOMENOLOGY","authors":"Mariz G. Porras, Joju Amor D. Villajos","doi":"10.36713/epra16454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra16454","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this phenomenological study is to describe the experiences of Elementary School Teachers in using pedagogies to address learning loss during in-person classes. The concept and idea for the study were gleaned from Shulmans (1986) Pedagogical Content Knowledge Theory, which proposes that effective teachers possess a specific knowledge set alongside certain personality qualities, abilities, and dispositions. This theory emphasizes that teaching well requires both artistry and scientific understanding. There are numerous practices, techniques, and abilities that contribute to effective instruction, and these cannot be fully captured in a limited list. The study is further supported by Vygotskys (1978) Cultural-Historical Activity Theory, which views the learning environment from a social constructivist perspective. This theory fundamentally explains how students acquire knowledge in a social context, interacting with peers and mentors. Additionally, Banduras (1977) Social Learning Theory is used as a supporting framework, which suggests that increased social interaction leads to higher levels of learning. Finally, the study is grounded in van Dijks (2020) Theory of the Digital Divide. There were five (5) public elementary school teachers participated in the in-depth interview. They were selected using purposive sampling method. The results revealed in the experiences, coping up mechanisms, and insights in using pedagogies and strategizing to address the learning loss of the students. More so, collaboration with parents, ineffectively usage of modular learning, problems in reading skills of the learners, structuring of rewards and punishment, and flexibility and consistency in teaching. The results are believed to be significant to teachers and Department of Education regarding on the experiences of public elementary school heads returning to being classroom teacher.\u0000KEYWORDS: experiences, public elementary school teachers, learning loss, phenomenology, Davao de Oro","PeriodicalId":505883,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR)","volume":"7 s2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140701065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Financial Literacy is the basic understanding of personal finance. With the increase in complexity of the financial market the need for financial literacy has become more and more important. Financial literacy helps an individual to make informed financial decision. The study aims to identify the differences in financial literacy level of the male and female respondents. KEYWORDS: Financial Literacy, Financial Knowledge, Financial Behaviour, Financial Attitude
{"title":"A STUDY ON GENDER DIFFERENCES IN FINANCIAL LITERACY","authors":"Binod Murmu","doi":"10.36713/epra16456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra16456","url":null,"abstract":"Financial Literacy is the basic understanding of personal finance. With the increase in complexity of the financial market the need for financial literacy has become more and more important. Financial literacy helps an individual to make informed financial decision. The study aims to identify the differences in financial literacy level of the male and female respondents.\u0000KEYWORDS: Financial Literacy, Financial Knowledge, Financial Behaviour, Financial Attitude","PeriodicalId":505883,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR)","volume":"37 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140699162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The shift towards digital reading platforms has significantly transformed the landscape of reading habits worldwide. This study delves into the analysis of readers experiences towards e-books, aiming to provide insights into the evolving preferences and challenges faced by readers in the digital era. Through a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys, this research explores various dimensions of readers interactions with e-books, including their perceptions of convenience, usability, content engagement, and emotional satisfaction. The findings reveal nuanced perspectives on the advantages and limitations of e-books, shedding light on factors influencing reader preferences such as device compatibility, interface design, reading environment, and personal preferences. Additionally, the study examines the impact of demographic variables such as age, gender, and reading habits on e-book usage patterns. By comprehensively analyzing readers experiences, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the evolving dynamics between readers and digital reading platforms, offering valuable insights for publishers, educators, and technologists seeking to enhance the e-book reading experience. KEYWORDS: E-books, Readers Experience, Digital Reading, User Preferences, Usability, Convenience, Content Engagement, Emotional Satisfaction, Device Compatibility, Interface Design, Reading Habits
{"title":"A STUDY ON ANALYSIS OF READERS EXPERIENCE TOWARDS E-BOOK","authors":"Ms. Shobika.S, Ms. Indhumathi G","doi":"10.36713/epra16376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra16376","url":null,"abstract":"The shift towards digital reading platforms has significantly transformed the landscape of reading habits worldwide. This study delves into the analysis of readers experiences towards e-books, aiming to provide insights into the evolving preferences and challenges faced by readers in the digital era. Through a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys, this research explores various dimensions of readers interactions with e-books, including their perceptions of convenience, usability, content engagement, and emotional satisfaction. The findings reveal nuanced perspectives on the advantages and limitations of e-books, shedding light on factors influencing reader preferences such as device compatibility, interface design, reading environment, and personal preferences. Additionally, the study examines the impact of demographic variables such as age, gender, and reading habits on e-book usage patterns. By comprehensively analyzing readers experiences, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the evolving dynamics between readers and digital reading platforms, offering valuable insights for publishers, educators, and technologists seeking to enhance the e-book reading experience.\u0000KEYWORDS: E-books, Readers Experience, Digital Reading, User Preferences, Usability, Convenience, Content Engagement, Emotional Satisfaction, Device Compatibility, Interface Design, Reading Habits","PeriodicalId":505883,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR)","volume":"304 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140703436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the influence of sensory marketing on customer perceptions in restaurants. Sensory marketing utilizes various sensory strategies to enhance consumer experiences. Through a mixed-methods approach including surveys, experiments, interviews, and observations, this research explores how sensory cues affect customer satisfaction and loyalty. Key findings highlight the importance of sensory congruence and the role of contextual factors in shaping sensory experiences. By understanding these dynamics, restaurants can tailor their marketing strategies to resonate with diverse consumer preferences, fostering lasting customer loyalty and competitive advantage in the industry. KEYWORDS: Restaurant, Consumer, Sensory Marketing, Customer Experience, Ambiance, Aroma, Music, Sensory Cues, Customer Satisfaction, Loyalty, Competitive Advantage, Hospitality Industry.
{"title":"A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF SENSORY MARKETING TOWARDS CUSTOMER IN RESTURANTS","authors":"Ms. Sri Varshni R K, Ms. Indhumathi G","doi":"10.36713/epra16377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra16377","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the influence of sensory marketing on customer perceptions in restaurants. Sensory marketing utilizes various sensory strategies to enhance consumer experiences. Through a mixed-methods approach including surveys, experiments, interviews, and observations, this research explores how sensory cues affect customer satisfaction and loyalty. Key findings highlight the importance of sensory congruence and the role of contextual factors in shaping sensory experiences. By understanding these dynamics, restaurants can tailor their marketing strategies to resonate with diverse consumer preferences, fostering lasting customer loyalty and competitive advantage in the industry.\u0000KEYWORDS: Restaurant, Consumer, Sensory Marketing, Customer Experience, Ambiance, Aroma, Music, Sensory Cues, Customer Satisfaction, Loyalty, Competitive Advantage, Hospitality Industry.","PeriodicalId":505883,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR)","volume":"66 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140698887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The history of conflict between India and Pakistan indeed stems from the partition in 1947, which led to the creation of two separate nations based on religious lines. The region of Jammu and Kashmir has been a focal point of contention between the two countries, leading to several conflicts, including three major wars. The Kashmir issue has not only fueled tensions between India and Pakistan but has also had broader implications, including the proliferation of terrorism. Various militant groups have operated in the region, with some receiving support or sanctuary from elements within Pakistan. This has led to cross-border terrorism, with attacks in India being orchestrated or supported from across the border. The escalation of conflicts between India and Pakistan has contributed to a nuclear arms race in the region, raising concerns about nuclear proliferation and the potential for a catastrophic conflict with global ramifications. Efforts to address the root causes of the conflict and promote peace between India and Pakistan are crucial for regional stability and global security. Policy alternatives could include diplomatic dialogue, confidence-building measures, and efforts to address the underlying grievances of both sides. Confidence-building measures could include measures to reduce military tensions, such as agreements on border security and communication channels to prevent misunderstandings or miscalculations. Furthermore, addressing the Kashmir issue in a manner that respects the aspirations of the Kashmiri people while addressing the concerns of both India and Pakistan is essential. This could involve dialogue between the stakeholders, including India, Pakistan, and representatives of the Kashmiri people, to find a mutually acceptable solution. Ultimately, sustained efforts from both India and Pakistan, supported by the international community, will be necessary to achieve lasting peace and security in the region. KEYWORDS: Conflict, Government Policies and strategies, International Peace, Kashmir Issues.
{"title":"AN ANALYSIS OF CROSS-BORDER TERRORISM BETWEEN INDIA AND PAKISTAN: STRATEGIES AND CHALLENGES","authors":"Ch. Chiranjibi Rao, Srujana Sahu","doi":"10.36713/epra16429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra16429","url":null,"abstract":"The history of conflict between India and Pakistan indeed stems from the partition in 1947, which led to the creation of two separate nations based on religious lines. The region of Jammu and Kashmir has been a focal point of contention between the two countries, leading to several conflicts, including three major wars. The Kashmir issue has not only fueled tensions between India and Pakistan but has also had broader implications, including the proliferation of terrorism. Various militant groups have operated in the region, with some receiving support or sanctuary from elements within Pakistan. This has led to cross-border terrorism, with attacks in India being orchestrated or supported from across the border. The escalation of conflicts between India and Pakistan has contributed to a nuclear arms race in the region, raising concerns about nuclear proliferation and the potential for a catastrophic conflict with global ramifications. Efforts to address the root causes of the conflict and promote peace between India and Pakistan are crucial for regional stability and global security. Policy alternatives could include diplomatic dialogue, confidence-building measures, and efforts to address the underlying grievances of both sides. Confidence-building measures could include measures to reduce military tensions, such as agreements on border security and communication channels to prevent misunderstandings or miscalculations. Furthermore, addressing the Kashmir issue in a manner that respects the aspirations of the Kashmiri people while addressing the concerns of both India and Pakistan is essential. This could involve dialogue between the stakeholders, including India, Pakistan, and representatives of the Kashmiri people, to find a mutually acceptable solution. Ultimately, sustained efforts from both India and Pakistan, supported by the international community, will be necessary to achieve lasting peace and security in the region.\u0000KEYWORDS: Conflict, Government Policies and strategies, International Peace, Kashmir Issues.","PeriodicalId":505883,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR)","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140705904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isinagawa ang descriptive-correlational na pag-aaral na ito upang suriin ang ugnayan sa pagitan ng lawak ng bokabularyo at antas ng pag-unawa ng piling pampublikong mag-aaral sa Filipino 9. Nakabatay ito sa paniniwalang ang kakayahan ng mga mag-aaral na bigyan ng angkop na kahulugan ang mga terminong binabasa ay mayroong malaking impluwensiya sa kakayahan nitong unawain ang kabuuang mensahe ng teksto. Natuklasan mula sa pag-aaral na karamihan sa mga mag-aaral ay nasa antas na pagkabigo o frustration sa kasanayan sa bokabularyo habang nasa lebel naman na instructional sa antas ng pag-unawa. Napatunayan sa pananaliksik na mayroong sapat na ebidensiyang estadistika upang masabing mayroong makabuluhan at direktang ugnayan ang kasanayan sa bokabularyo at antas ng pag-unawa ng mga mag-aaral. Nangangahulugan ito na ang pagkakaroon ng mga mag-aaral ng sapat na kakayahan upang bigyang kahulugan ang mga terminong ginagamit sa teksto ay nakatutulong upang higit na mapataan ang antas ng pag-unawa. Dahil dito, iminumungkahi ang pagsasagawa ng interbensiyon upang mapaunlad ang kasanayan sa bokabularyo ng mga mag-aaral. URING SALITA: Kasanayan sa Bokabularyo, Komprehensiyon, Antas ng Pag-unawa, Frustration Level, Instructional Level
Isinagawa ang descriptive-correlational na pag-aaral na ito upang suriin ang ugnayan sa pagitan ng lawak ng bokabularyo at antas ng pag-unawa ng piling pampublikong mag-aaral sa Filipino 9.Nakabatay ito sa paniniwalang ang kakayahan ng mga mag-aaral na bigyan ng angkop na kahulugan ang mga terminong binabasa ay mayroong malaking impluwensiya sa kakayahan nitong unawain ang kabuuang mensahe ng texto.如果您在阅读过程中遇到困难或挫折，请联系我们，我们将竭诚为您服务。我们没有必要为一个 "无神论者"（pananaliksik na mayroong sapat na ebidensiyang estadistika upang masabing mayroong makabuluhan at direktang ugnayan ang kasanayan sa bokabularyo at antas ng pag-unawa ng mga mag-aaral.Nangangahulugan ito na ang pagkakaroon ng mga mag-aaral ng sapat na kakayahan upang bigyang kahulugan ang mga terminong ginagamit sa texto ay nakatutulong upang higit na mapataan ang antas ng pag-unawa.Dahil dito, iminumungkahi ang pagsasagawa ng interbensiyon upang mapaunlad ang kasanayan sa bokabularyo ng mga mag-aaral.Key words: Kasanayan sa Bokabularyo, Comprehensiyon, Antas ng Pag-unawa, Frustration Level, Instructional Level
{"title":"LAWAK NG BOKABULARYO AT ANTAS NG PAG-UNAWA NG PILING PAMPUBLIKONG MAG-AARAL SA FILIPINO","authors":"Christian R. Sunio, Dr. Rodel B. Guzman","doi":"10.36713/epra16434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra16434","url":null,"abstract":"Isinagawa ang descriptive-correlational na pag-aaral na ito upang suriin ang ugnayan sa pagitan ng lawak ng bokabularyo at antas ng pag-unawa ng piling pampublikong mag-aaral sa Filipino 9. Nakabatay ito sa paniniwalang ang kakayahan ng mga mag-aaral na bigyan ng angkop na kahulugan ang mga terminong binabasa ay mayroong malaking impluwensiya sa kakayahan nitong unawain ang kabuuang mensahe ng teksto. Natuklasan mula sa pag-aaral na karamihan sa mga mag-aaral ay nasa antas na pagkabigo o frustration sa kasanayan sa bokabularyo habang nasa lebel naman na instructional sa antas ng pag-unawa. Napatunayan sa pananaliksik na mayroong sapat na ebidensiyang estadistika upang masabing mayroong makabuluhan at direktang ugnayan ang kasanayan sa bokabularyo at antas ng pag-unawa ng mga mag-aaral. Nangangahulugan ito na ang pagkakaroon ng mga mag-aaral ng sapat na kakayahan upang bigyang kahulugan ang mga terminong ginagamit sa teksto ay nakatutulong upang higit na mapataan ang antas ng pag-unawa. Dahil dito, iminumungkahi ang pagsasagawa ng interbensiyon upang mapaunlad ang kasanayan sa bokabularyo ng mga mag-aaral.\u0000URING SALITA: Kasanayan sa Bokabularyo, Komprehensiyon, Antas ng Pag-unawa, Frustration Level, Instructional Level","PeriodicalId":505883,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR)","volume":"28 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140705632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K Pavani, Kondabala Bhavya sri, Barkam Mamatha, Daravath Rajesh, B Annie Jayachitra, A Manisha, Mirza Sami Ullah Baig
The Clindamycin Hydrochloride is a broad spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic. It is mainly used to treatment of bacterial infections. It is a suitable candidate for controlled release administration due to its short elimination time 1 hours. The main aim of present investigation is to increase the gastric residence time by preparing floating drug delivery by using raft forming approach thereby improving bioavailability. The prepared Clindamycin Hydrochloride floating drug delivery were evaluated for hardness, weight variation, thickness, friability, drug content uniformity, total floating time, In-vitro dissolution studies and buoyancy lag time. Floating tablets were formulated using direct compression technique. Various polymers are used in the formulation they Micro crystalline cellulose used as binder, HPMC K15M, Guargum used as hydrophilic polymers, Chitosan, Sodium bicarbonate was incorporated as an effervescent substance, Sodium alginate used as viscous gel forming agent, Magnesium streate used as lubrication, talc was used as diluent. The formulated Clindamycin Hydrochloride tablet to be evaluated the following parameters as follow Weight variation (mg), Hardness, Thickness, Friability, Drug content uniformity, Floating lag time, the in vitro cumulative amount of drug released was shown the F4 is 99% within 12 Hours the comparative studies with marketed formulations F4 show the better results. In vitro release rate studies showed that the maximum drug release was observed F4 formulation up to 12 hours. KEYWORDS: Clindamycin Hydrochloride, Direct compression, Floating drug delivery system.
{"title":"FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CLINDAMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDE FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY","authors":"K Pavani, Kondabala Bhavya sri, Barkam Mamatha, Daravath Rajesh, B Annie Jayachitra, A Manisha, Mirza Sami Ullah Baig","doi":"10.36713/epra16414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra16414","url":null,"abstract":"The Clindamycin Hydrochloride is a broad spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic. It is mainly used to treatment of bacterial infections. It is a suitable candidate for controlled release administration due to its short elimination time 1 hours. The main aim of present investigation is to increase the gastric residence time by preparing floating drug delivery by using raft forming approach thereby improving bioavailability. The prepared Clindamycin Hydrochloride floating drug delivery were evaluated for hardness, weight variation, thickness, friability, drug content uniformity, total floating time, In-vitro dissolution studies and buoyancy lag time. Floating tablets were formulated using direct compression technique. Various polymers are used in the formulation they Micro crystalline cellulose used as binder, HPMC K15M, Guargum used as hydrophilic polymers, Chitosan, Sodium bicarbonate was incorporated as an effervescent substance, Sodium alginate used as viscous gel forming agent, Magnesium streate used as lubrication, talc was used as diluent. The formulated Clindamycin Hydrochloride tablet to be evaluated the following parameters as follow Weight variation (mg), Hardness, Thickness, Friability, Drug content uniformity, Floating lag time, the in vitro cumulative amount of drug released was shown the F4 is 99% within 12 Hours the comparative studies with marketed formulations F4 show the better results. In vitro release rate studies showed that the maximum drug release was observed F4 formulation up to 12 hours.\u0000KEYWORDS: Clindamycin Hydrochloride, Direct compression, Floating drug delivery system.","PeriodicalId":505883,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR)","volume":"59 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140705893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resiliency is the talent to do what is right under duress and to rebound to a daily round. The study determined the level of competency, resiliency, and resilience strategies in coping with challenges faced by 259 security guards in Cabanatuan City. The researcher utilized a mixed method was used to gather data. Findings revealed that security guards perceived themselves as very competent. Null hypothesis is accepted on the type of security guards; however, rejected on length of service and shift of duty. The level of resiliency was further perceived as very resilient. Null hypothesis is accepted on the type of security guards and shift of duty; however, rejected on the length of service. Further, a positive correlation between competency and resiliency is evident. Last, coping strategies were identified as; positive response, self-assessment, following rules, confidence, value work, and seeking support. Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions are drawn: security guards were equipped with sufficient knowledge, skills, and attitude in performing their duties and responsibilities; security guards were able to perform despite challenges encountered; the more competent the security guards, the more resilient they become; coping strategies vary on challenges encountered. Hence, module of instruction was crafted. KEYWORDS: Security Guard, Competency, Resiliency, Coping Mechanism
{"title":"COMPETENCY AND RESILIENCY OF SECURITY GUARDS IN CABANATUAN CITY, PHILIPPINES","authors":"Shirley Pascual Ayeo-eo","doi":"10.36713/epra16428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra16428","url":null,"abstract":"Resiliency is the talent to do what is right under duress and to rebound to a daily round. The study determined the level of competency, resiliency, and resilience strategies in coping with challenges faced by 259 security guards in Cabanatuan City. The researcher utilized a mixed method was used to gather data. Findings revealed that security guards perceived themselves as very competent. Null hypothesis is accepted on the type of security guards; however, rejected on length of service and shift of duty. The level of resiliency was further perceived as very resilient. Null hypothesis is accepted on the type of security guards and shift of duty; however, rejected on the length of service. Further, a positive correlation between competency and resiliency is evident. Last, coping strategies were identified as; positive response, self-assessment, following rules, confidence, value work, and seeking support. Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions are drawn: security guards were equipped with sufficient knowledge, skills, and attitude in performing their duties and responsibilities; security guards were able to perform despite challenges encountered; the more competent the security guards, the more resilient they become; coping strategies vary on challenges encountered. Hence, module of instruction was crafted.\u0000KEYWORDS: Security Guard, Competency, Resiliency, Coping Mechanism","PeriodicalId":505883,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR)","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140705488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether perceived professional development needs and emotional intelligence predicts mathematics teaching anxiety among mathematics pre-service teacher. This study employed descriptive and correlational designs. Using the stratified random sampling, 103 mathematics pre-service teachers were selected as participants from Davao del Nortes seven higher education institutions during the school year 2021–2022. Moreover, this study utilized three adapted and validated survey questionnaires to gather data, which were treated using mean, Pearson-r, and regression analysis. The findings suggested that pre-service teachers perceived professional development needs are highly addressed, and emotional intelligence is manifested most of the time. Furthermore, the mathematics teaching anxiety of mathematics pre-service teachers is less evident. Findings also revealed that both perceived professional development needs and emotional intelligence exhibit a significant negative correlation with mathematics teaching anxiety. In addition, only perceived professional development needs to predict mathematics teaching anxiety among mathematics pre-service teachers. Future researchers may consider the studys findings which may help them uncover other factors that might improve the conduct of perceived professional development needs and emotional intelligence in relation to mathematics teaching anxiety among mathematics pre-service teachers. With these, teachers and school administrators are encouraged to address professional development needs and assess and boost emotional intelligence to help eliminate mathematics teaching anxiety among mathematics pre-service teachers. KEYWORDS: mathematics education, perceived professional development needs, emotional intelligence, mathematics teaching anxiety, pre-service teachers, descriptive and correlational designs, regression analysis, Philippines
{"title":"PERCEIVED PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT NEEDS AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AS PREDICTORS OF MATHEMATICS TEACHING ANXIETY AMONG MATHEMATICS PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS","authors":"Tom Paulie M. Tongol","doi":"10.36713/epra16440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra16440","url":null,"abstract":"The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether perceived professional development needs and emotional intelligence predicts mathematics teaching anxiety among mathematics pre-service teacher. This study employed descriptive and correlational designs. Using the stratified random sampling, 103 mathematics pre-service teachers were selected as participants from Davao del Nortes seven higher education institutions during the school year 2021–2022. Moreover, this study utilized three adapted and validated survey questionnaires to gather data, which were treated using mean, Pearson-r, and regression analysis. The findings suggested that pre-service teachers perceived professional development needs are highly addressed, and emotional intelligence is manifested most of the time. Furthermore, the mathematics teaching anxiety of mathematics pre-service teachers is less evident. Findings also revealed that both perceived professional development needs and emotional intelligence exhibit a significant negative correlation with mathematics teaching anxiety. In addition, only perceived professional development needs to predict mathematics teaching anxiety among mathematics pre-service teachers. Future researchers may consider the studys findings which may help them uncover other factors that might improve the conduct of perceived professional development needs and emotional intelligence in relation to mathematics teaching anxiety among mathematics pre-service teachers. With these, teachers and school administrators are encouraged to address professional development needs and assess and boost emotional intelligence to help eliminate mathematics teaching anxiety among mathematics pre-service teachers.\u0000KEYWORDS: mathematics education, perceived professional development needs, emotional intelligence, mathematics teaching anxiety, pre-service teachers, descriptive and correlational designs, regression analysis, Philippines","PeriodicalId":505883,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR)","volume":"39 156","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140708144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The theoretical framework and rationale of the study assess the most important fiscal parameter of the state of Odisha i.e., Expenditure parameter. As we know, aggregate of the expenditure of the state consists of Revenue expenditure and Capital expenditure, among which the largest share is contributed by Revenue expenditure. The paper highlights the responsiveness of expenditure to the automatic change in NSDP Elasticity approach, position of odisha among the 18 major non-special category states in terms of infrastructural development, bank credit, factory employment, level of urbanisation etc. and also examine the causative relationship between SDP and different expenditure variables in Odisha. The study is based on secondary source of data for the State from different government publications, Budget documents, Finance Accounts etc. The paper used different methodologies for analysis, which includes simple statistical techniques such as, ratio, percentage, and also Regression Analysis to estimate growth. In this regard models like, semi log, multiple regression, correlation, VAR models are used to analyse the time series data from 1980-81 to 2014-15 on revenue and capital expenditure of state finances . Apart from that to show the response of revenue expenditure to the automatic change in NSDP, Elasticity approach is utilized. The major results of the study are that higher growth in total expenditure in period t-1 leads to higher growth of SDP in period t. The same result holds only in case of growth of Total Non-Plan Expenditure. The results of VAR Granger Casualty Test are similar to the VAR Model excepting that Total Non-Plan Expenditure is found independent of SDP and there is also independence of SDP from Total Non-Plan Expenditure. KEY WORDS: budget, capital, elasticity, finance, grants, growth, NSDP, expenditure, VAR
本研究的理论框架和基本原理是评估奥迪沙邦最重要的财政参数，即支出参数。众所周知，奥迪沙邦的总支出包括收入支出和资本支出，其中收入支出所占份额最大。本文强调了支出对国家社会发展计划弹性法自动变化的反应能力，以及奥迪沙邦在基础设施发展、银行信贷、工厂就业、城市化水平等方面在 18 个主要非特殊类别邦中的地位，并研究了国家社会发展计划与奥迪沙邦不同支出变量之间的因果关系。本研究基于从不同政府出版物、预算文件、财政账户等获取的该邦二手数据。本文采用了不同的分析方法，其中包括简单的统计技术，如比率、百分比以及回归分析来估算增长情况。在这方面，使用了半对数、多元回归、相关性、VAR 模型等模型来分析 1980-81 年至 2014-15 年国家财政收入和资本支出的时间序列数据。此外，为了显示收入支出对国家国内生产总值自动变化的反应，还使用了弹性方法。研究的主要结果是，t-1 期总支出的较高增长会导致 t 期国家发展计划的较高增长。只有在非计划总支出增长的情况下，这一结果才会成立。VAR 格兰杰偶然性检验的结果与 VAR 模型相似，只是发现非计划总支出独立于 SDP，而且 SDP 也独立于非计划总支出。
{"title":"DETERMINANTS AND IMPACT OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURE IN ODISHA","authors":"Dr. Sunita Mishra","doi":"10.36713/epra16426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36713/epra16426","url":null,"abstract":"The theoretical framework and rationale of the study assess the most important fiscal parameter of the state of Odisha i.e., Expenditure parameter. As we know, aggregate of the expenditure of the state consists of Revenue expenditure and Capital expenditure, among which the largest share is contributed by Revenue expenditure. The paper highlights the responsiveness of expenditure to the automatic change in NSDP Elasticity approach, position of odisha among the 18 major non-special category states in terms of infrastructural development, bank credit, factory employment, level of urbanisation etc. and also examine the causative relationship between SDP and different expenditure variables in Odisha. The study is based on secondary source of data for the State from different government publications, Budget documents, Finance Accounts etc. The paper used different methodologies for analysis, which includes simple statistical techniques such as, ratio, percentage, and also Regression Analysis to estimate growth. In this regard models like, semi log, multiple regression, correlation, VAR models are used to analyse the time series data from 1980-81 to 2014-15 on revenue and capital expenditure of state finances . Apart from that to show the response of revenue expenditure to the automatic change in NSDP, Elasticity approach is utilized. The major results of the study are that higher growth in total expenditure in period t-1 leads to higher growth of SDP in period t. The same result holds only in case of growth of Total Non-Plan Expenditure. The results of VAR Granger Casualty Test are similar to the VAR Model excepting that Total Non-Plan Expenditure is found independent of SDP and there is also independence of SDP from Total Non-Plan Expenditure.\u0000KEY WORDS: budget, capital, elasticity, finance, grants, growth, NSDP, expenditure, VAR","PeriodicalId":505883,"journal":{"name":"EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR)","volume":"68 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140708442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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