Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020030671
Natália Ruben Castro, Cristal S C Pinto, Elisabete P Santos, Claudia Regina E Mansur
Nanotechnology has made great contributions in the development of materials with potential application in different areas, especially in the pharmaceutical sector, where nano-systems are being intensely studied for controlled drug release. These innovative systems are composed of structures such as nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and cyclodextrins, with the aim of promoting enhanced bioavailability of bioactive molecules. Among these nanocarriers, vesicles such as liposomes and polymersomes are considered to be promising alternatives in delivering hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. They have different classifications according to their composition, among which are hybrid vesicles, which unlike liposomes are composed of both lipids and polymers. These vesicular systems stand out for combining the advantages of both components, overcoming the limitations of traditional systems imposed by low stability and premature release of the encapsulated active substance. The polymers applied in hybrid vesicles can make up the membrane structure itself or be employed to coat preformed vesicles. Due to the relevance of these systems, this work covers their characteristics and summarizes recent articles about them in the literature.
{"title":"Hybrid Vesicular Nanosystems Based on Lipids and Polymers Applied in Therapy, Theranostics, and Cosmetics.","authors":"Natália Ruben Castro, Cristal S C Pinto, Elisabete P Santos, Claudia Regina E Mansur","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020030671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020030671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanotechnology has made great contributions in the development of materials with potential application in different areas, especially in the pharmaceutical sector, where nano-systems are being intensely studied for controlled drug release. These innovative systems are composed of structures such as nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and cyclodextrins, with the aim of promoting enhanced bioavailability of bioactive molecules. Among these nanocarriers, vesicles such as liposomes and polymersomes are considered to be promising alternatives in delivering hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. They have different classifications according to their composition, among which are hybrid vesicles, which unlike liposomes are composed of both lipids and polymers. These vesicular systems stand out for combining the advantages of both components, overcoming the limitations of traditional systems imposed by low stability and premature release of the encapsulated active substance. The polymers applied in hybrid vesicles can make up the membrane structure itself or be employed to coat preformed vesicles. Due to the relevance of these systems, this work covers their characteristics and summarizes recent articles about them in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"37 3","pages":"271-303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020030671","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38224426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Globally, lung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed and deadliest types of cancer. Lung cancer imaging can be performed using both invasive and noninvasive techniques, including magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, chest radiography, and computed tomography. But nonspecific contrast agents and radiopharmaceuticals are insufficient for early and specific diagnoses and imaging. In the case of lung cancer therapy, conventional therapeutic agents and radiotherapy may cause severe and systemic adverse and toxic effects and fail to eradicate all tumor tissue. Therefore, formulation of novel, targeted, and specific agents is critically important to overcome these challenges. In this review, we summarize lung cancer classification, current methods for lung cancer imaging and therapy, and future options containing nanosized systems for lung cancer imaging and/or therapy.
{"title":"Clinical Applications of Nanosized Drug-Delivery Systems in Lung Cancer Imaging and Therapy.","authors":"Merve Karpuz, Mine Silindir-Gunay, Asuman Yekta Ozer","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020031657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020031657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, lung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed and deadliest types of cancer. Lung cancer imaging can be performed using both invasive and noninvasive techniques, including magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, chest radiography, and computed tomography. But nonspecific contrast agents and radiopharmaceuticals are insufficient for early and specific diagnoses and imaging. In the case of lung cancer therapy, conventional therapeutic agents and radiotherapy may cause severe and systemic adverse and toxic effects and fail to eradicate all tumor tissue. Therefore, formulation of novel, targeted, and specific agents is critically important to overcome these challenges. In this review, we summarize lung cancer classification, current methods for lung cancer imaging and therapy, and future options containing nanosized systems for lung cancer imaging and/or therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"37 5","pages":"435-471"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38773633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nail psoriasis is a chronic condition which causes pain and functional impairment; thus, it restricts the activities of daily living and worsens the quality of life. Different chemotherapeutic options are available for treating nail psoriasis such as systemic, intralesional, and topical therapies. However, current chemotherapy suffers from several limitations and to overcome them, new advancements are being made worldwide. Various reports have been published on current progress in the treatment of nail psoriasis such as clinical efficacy studies of novel antipsoriatic agents and novel formulation strategies for current chemotherapy. There are several novel nail formulations for the treatment of nail disorders, particularly onychomycosis, such as vesicular colloidal structure (liposomes, niosomes, transfersomes, ethosomes, etc.) and nonvesicular colloidal structures (nano-emulgel, nanocapsules, thermosensitive gel, etc.) These formulations can also prove beneficial for the treatment of nail psoriasis, and will be heavily explored in the near future. This review provides a brief introduction to the disease, its pathogenesis, and its treatment modalities. The review also throws light onto progress and future perspectives in nail psoriasis treatment.
{"title":"Nail Psoriasis Treatment: Insights into Current Progress and Future Trends.","authors":"Pradip Nirbhavane, Gajanand Sharma, Supriya Verma, Rajesh Singh Jadon, Bhupinder Singh, Om Parkash Katare","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020029259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020029259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nail psoriasis is a chronic condition which causes pain and functional impairment; thus, it restricts the activities of daily living and worsens the quality of life. Different chemotherapeutic options are available for treating nail psoriasis such as systemic, intralesional, and topical therapies. However, current chemotherapy suffers from several limitations and to overcome them, new advancements are being made worldwide. Various reports have been published on current progress in the treatment of nail psoriasis such as clinical efficacy studies of novel antipsoriatic agents and novel formulation strategies for current chemotherapy. There are several novel nail formulations for the treatment of nail disorders, particularly onychomycosis, such as vesicular colloidal structure (liposomes, niosomes, transfersomes, ethosomes, etc.) and nonvesicular colloidal structures (nano-emulgel, nanocapsules, thermosensitive gel, etc.) These formulations can also prove beneficial for the treatment of nail psoriasis, and will be heavily explored in the near future. This review provides a brief introduction to the disease, its pathogenesis, and its treatment modalities. The review also throws light onto progress and future perspectives in nail psoriasis treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"37 2","pages":"135-159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020029259","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38423379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2020034002
S. Muruganantham, R. Kandasamy, S. Alagarsamy
{"title":"Nanoparticle-Loaded Oral Fast-Dissolving Film: New Realistic Approach of Prospective Generation in Drug Delivery - A Review","authors":"S. Muruganantham, R. Kandasamy, S. Alagarsamy","doi":"10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2020034002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2020034002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67437420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020033111
Sonia Singh, Meenakshi Bajpai, Pradeep Mishra
The main objective of drug(s) formulation is to enhance the bioavailability of the drug within the body. Some of the challenging issues associated with poorly water-soluble drugs concern solubility and bioavailability factors. To overcome these problems, new technologies, such as lipid-based drug delivery systems including micro or nano emulsifying drug delivery system, have gained importance in recent years, due to their enhanced solubility and bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract. Such systems are incorporated or solubilized within the lipid excipients or mixed with oils or surfactants/co-solvents to facilitate the solubility and absorption rate, which can enhance the bioavailability of the targeted drug. This review provides a comprehensive summary about the properties, factors affecting formulations, excipients, formulation techniques, and characterization of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. It also focuses on the new approaches concerned with SEDDS.
{"title":"Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SEDDS): An Emerging Dosage Form to Improve the Bioavailability of Poorly Absorbed Drugs.","authors":"Sonia Singh, Meenakshi Bajpai, Pradeep Mishra","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020033111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020033111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main objective of drug(s) formulation is to enhance the bioavailability of the drug within the body. Some of the challenging issues associated with poorly water-soluble drugs concern solubility and bioavailability factors. To overcome these problems, new technologies, such as lipid-based drug delivery systems including micro or nano emulsifying drug delivery system, have gained importance in recent years, due to their enhanced solubility and bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract. Such systems are incorporated or solubilized within the lipid excipients or mixed with oils or surfactants/co-solvents to facilitate the solubility and absorption rate, which can enhance the bioavailability of the targeted drug. This review provides a comprehensive summary about the properties, factors affecting formulations, excipients, formulation techniques, and characterization of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. It also focuses on the new approaches concerned with SEDDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"37 4","pages":"305-329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38327107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been identified as one of the most advanced and versatile nanovectors, theranostics, and futuristic drug delivery tools for highly effective delivery of genes, drugs, and biomolecules, as well as for use in bioimaging and as biosensors. CNTs have drawn tremendous attention and interest from researchers worldwide in the past two decades owing to a number of unique characteristics including well defined physicochemical properties, large surface area, in addition to exclusive electrical and optical properties. Numerous recent literature related to the design and applications of CNTs were studied and summarized accordingly. Special emphasis was given for the applications of CNTs in drug targeting. Specific targeting of anticancer drugs such as cisplatin, doxorubicin, taxol, gemcitabine, and methotrexate, and delivery of small interfering RNA, micro-RNA, as well as plasmid DNA have been successfully assisted using CNTs. All the major applications of CNTs were summarized in detail with possible toxicity concerns associated with them. As far as their toxicity is concerned, it was noticed that the functionalized CNTs pose little toxicity and do not have immunogenic effects. In conclusion, CNTs showed great potential in developing a new generation of carriers for various drugs and related biomolecules. The application of CNTs ranges from physics to chemistry and now they are expanding their roles in the therapeutic drug delivery in the modern healthcare system. With applications in every imaginable route of administration, CNTs bring therapeutic benefits to society. The pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and clinical efficacy of CNTs is explored in detail in this review.
{"title":"Reassessment of Therapeutic Applications of Carbon Nanotubes: A Majestic and Futuristic Drug Carrier.","authors":"Bharti Mangla, Shamama Javed, Kanchan Kohli, Aarif Ahsan, Waquar Ahsan","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020032570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020032570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been identified as one of the most advanced and versatile nanovectors, theranostics, and futuristic drug delivery tools for highly effective delivery of genes, drugs, and biomolecules, as well as for use in bioimaging and as biosensors. CNTs have drawn tremendous attention and interest from researchers worldwide in the past two decades owing to a number of unique characteristics including well defined physicochemical properties, large surface area, in addition to exclusive electrical and optical properties. Numerous recent literature related to the design and applications of CNTs were studied and summarized accordingly. Special emphasis was given for the applications of CNTs in drug targeting. Specific targeting of anticancer drugs such as cisplatin, doxorubicin, taxol, gemcitabine, and methotrexate, and delivery of small interfering RNA, micro-RNA, as well as plasmid DNA have been successfully assisted using CNTs. All the major applications of CNTs were summarized in detail with possible toxicity concerns associated with them. As far as their toxicity is concerned, it was noticed that the functionalized CNTs pose little toxicity and do not have immunogenic effects. In conclusion, CNTs showed great potential in developing a new generation of carriers for various drugs and related biomolecules. The application of CNTs ranges from physics to chemistry and now they are expanding their roles in the therapeutic drug delivery in the modern healthcare system. With applications in every imaginable route of administration, CNTs bring therapeutic benefits to society. The pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and clinical efficacy of CNTs is explored in detail in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"37 4","pages":"331-373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38327108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020033273
Anuj Garg, Hitesh Kumar Dewangan
Nanotechnology provides an excellent platform for the development of a new generation of vaccines. These are based on purified subunit proteins or polysaccharides, recombinant proteins, synthetic peptides, or nucleic acids. These types of vaccines may be insufficiently immunogenic, thus requiring adjuvants that augment their immunogenicity. Nanoparticles (NPs) can act as adjuvants for vaccines, hence they are referred to as a nano-adjuvant (NA). NPs can either encapsulate or adsorb the vaccine antigen or DNA in an appropriate formulation, thus increasing stability, cellular uptake, and immunogenicity. In addition, the biodistribution and systemic release of a vaccine can also be controlled by different NA formulations. This review provides an overview of the classification of NAs and also addresses factors influencing the stability, release, and immunogenicity of the formulated vaccine. A basic understanding of these factors enables a more rational design of NA formulations. Applications of NAs and key challenges in their formulation development are also discussed.
{"title":"Nanoparticles as Adjuvants in Vaccine Delivery.","authors":"Anuj Garg, Hitesh Kumar Dewangan","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020033273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020033273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanotechnology provides an excellent platform for the development of a new generation of vaccines. These are based on purified subunit proteins or polysaccharides, recombinant proteins, synthetic peptides, or nucleic acids. These types of vaccines may be insufficiently immunogenic, thus requiring adjuvants that augment their immunogenicity. Nanoparticles (NPs) can act as adjuvants for vaccines, hence they are referred to as a nano-adjuvant (NA). NPs can either encapsulate or adsorb the vaccine antigen or DNA in an appropriate formulation, thus increasing stability, cellular uptake, and immunogenicity. In addition, the biodistribution and systemic release of a vaccine can also be controlled by different NA formulations. This review provides an overview of the classification of NAs and also addresses factors influencing the stability, release, and immunogenicity of the formulated vaccine. A basic understanding of these factors enables a more rational design of NA formulations. Applications of NAs and key challenges in their formulation development are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"37 2","pages":"183-204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38423381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2019027229
Guy-Alain Junter, Carole Karakasyan
Because viruses still represent a significant threat to human and animal health worldwide, the development of effective weapons against viral infections remains a top priority for the biopharmaceutical industry. This article reviews the dietary and pharmaceutical applications of polysaccharides (PS), first of all chitosan, in the prevention and treatment of viral diseases, focusing more particularly on solid or gel micro/nanoparticulate systems. The intrinsic antiviral activity of PS and their immunostimulatory effects, implemented in animal and human diets, are first surveyed. Then the review discusses the potential of PS-based particles as carriers of antiviral drugs and vaccines, with emphasis on the adjuvant potency of PS in solid vaccine formulations. The gap between the abundance of academic studies in this area and the lack of actual antiviral formulations dispensed to human patients is underlined, notwithstanding a number of branded products on the market.
{"title":"Polysaccharides against Viruses: Immunostimulatory Properties and the Delivery of Antiviral Vaccines and Drugs.","authors":"Guy-Alain Junter, Carole Karakasyan","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2019027229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2019027229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Because viruses still represent a significant threat to human and animal health worldwide, the development of effective weapons against viral infections remains a top priority for the biopharmaceutical industry. This article reviews the dietary and pharmaceutical applications of polysaccharides (PS), first of all chitosan, in the prevention and treatment of viral diseases, focusing more particularly on solid or gel micro/nanoparticulate systems. The intrinsic antiviral activity of PS and their immunostimulatory effects, implemented in animal and human diets, are first surveyed. Then the review discusses the potential of PS-based particles as carriers of antiviral drugs and vaccines, with emphasis on the adjuvant potency of PS in solid vaccine formulations. The gap between the abundance of academic studies in this area and the lack of actual antiviral formulations dispensed to human patients is underlined, notwithstanding a number of branded products on the market.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37970753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2020034170
M. Damani, Krishna Baxi, C. Aranha, S. Sawarkar
{"title":"Recent Advances in Herbal Drug Nanocarriers against Cervical Cancer","authors":"M. Damani, Krishna Baxi, C. Aranha, S. Sawarkar","doi":"10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2020034170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2020034170","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67437428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2020034305
R. Garg, Anuj Garg
{"title":"A Review on Applications of Vitamin B12 as Therapeutic Carrier in Drug Delivery","authors":"R. Garg, Anuj Garg","doi":"10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2020034305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2020034305","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67437437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}