Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i25364
A. Hosni, M. Cordeiro, Jaine Paula da Luz, A. Bini, I. I. Kerppers, Flávio Klinpovous Kerppers, I. Biscaia, Larissa Sakis Bernardi, P. R. Oliveira
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases, which primarily involves the joints and may also include extra-articular manifestations, such as nodules, pulmonary involvement, vasculitis, and systemic comorbidities. Pterostilbene (PTE) is responsible for the process of angiogenesis and contributes with its anti-inflammatory properties to the rheumatoid arthritis process. Objective: To verify whether oral Pterostilbene solution use has an effect on the acute phase of the inflammatory process in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Methodology: This experimental study was composed of 45 Rattus Norvegicus rats, Wistar strain, divided into three groups corresponding to the Control Group (CG) with no lesion and no treatment; the SHAM Group (SHAM) with lesion but no treatment, and the Pterostilbene Group (PG) with lesion and treatment. The results were evaluated by histology and flow cytometry. Results: The lesions were characterized by a diffuse acute inflammatory process with mild to moderate intensity. It was observed that increasing proliferative activity of fibroblasts and angiogenesis occurred, besides the modulation of inflammatory cytokines, which corroborated the histological findings. Conclusion: It can be concluded that pterostilbene, due to its anti-inflammatory activities, can control inflammation so that there are no exacerbated symptoms and lesions, in addition to stimulating structural restoration by increasing fibroblast production and angiogenesis.
{"title":"Potential Pterostilbene and Anti Inflammatory Effect on Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy in Rattus norvegicus Rat","authors":"A. Hosni, M. Cordeiro, Jaine Paula da Luz, A. Bini, I. I. Kerppers, Flávio Klinpovous Kerppers, I. Biscaia, Larissa Sakis Bernardi, P. R. Oliveira","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i25364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i25364","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases, which primarily involves the joints and may also include extra-articular manifestations, such as nodules, pulmonary involvement, vasculitis, and systemic comorbidities. Pterostilbene (PTE) is responsible for the process of angiogenesis and contributes with its anti-inflammatory properties to the rheumatoid arthritis process. \u0000Objective: To verify whether oral Pterostilbene solution use has an effect on the acute phase of the inflammatory process in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. \u0000 Methodology: This experimental study was composed of 45 Rattus Norvegicus rats, Wistar strain, divided into three groups corresponding to the Control Group (CG) with no lesion and no treatment; the SHAM Group (SHAM) with lesion but no treatment, and the Pterostilbene Group (PG) with lesion and treatment. The results were evaluated by histology and flow cytometry. \u0000Results: The lesions were characterized by a diffuse acute inflammatory process with mild to moderate intensity. It was observed that increasing proliferative activity of fibroblasts and angiogenesis occurred, besides the modulation of inflammatory cytokines, which corroborated the histological findings. \u0000Conclusion: It can be concluded that pterostilbene, due to its anti-inflammatory activities, can control inflammation so that there are no exacerbated symptoms and lesions, in addition to stimulating structural restoration by increasing fibroblast production and angiogenesis.","PeriodicalId":506708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":" 85","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139788124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i25364
A. Hosni, M. Cordeiro, Jaine Paula da Luz, A. Bini, I. I. Kerppers, Flávio Klinpovous Kerppers, I. Biscaia, Larissa Sakis Bernardi, P. R. Oliveira
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases, which primarily involves the joints and may also include extra-articular manifestations, such as nodules, pulmonary involvement, vasculitis, and systemic comorbidities. Pterostilbene (PTE) is responsible for the process of angiogenesis and contributes with its anti-inflammatory properties to the rheumatoid arthritis process. Objective: To verify whether oral Pterostilbene solution use has an effect on the acute phase of the inflammatory process in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Methodology: This experimental study was composed of 45 Rattus Norvegicus rats, Wistar strain, divided into three groups corresponding to the Control Group (CG) with no lesion and no treatment; the SHAM Group (SHAM) with lesion but no treatment, and the Pterostilbene Group (PG) with lesion and treatment. The results were evaluated by histology and flow cytometry. Results: The lesions were characterized by a diffuse acute inflammatory process with mild to moderate intensity. It was observed that increasing proliferative activity of fibroblasts and angiogenesis occurred, besides the modulation of inflammatory cytokines, which corroborated the histological findings. Conclusion: It can be concluded that pterostilbene, due to its anti-inflammatory activities, can control inflammation so that there are no exacerbated symptoms and lesions, in addition to stimulating structural restoration by increasing fibroblast production and angiogenesis.
{"title":"Potential Pterostilbene and Anti Inflammatory Effect on Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy in Rattus norvegicus Rat","authors":"A. Hosni, M. Cordeiro, Jaine Paula da Luz, A. Bini, I. I. Kerppers, Flávio Klinpovous Kerppers, I. Biscaia, Larissa Sakis Bernardi, P. R. Oliveira","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i25364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i25364","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases, which primarily involves the joints and may also include extra-articular manifestations, such as nodules, pulmonary involvement, vasculitis, and systemic comorbidities. Pterostilbene (PTE) is responsible for the process of angiogenesis and contributes with its anti-inflammatory properties to the rheumatoid arthritis process. \u0000Objective: To verify whether oral Pterostilbene solution use has an effect on the acute phase of the inflammatory process in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. \u0000 Methodology: This experimental study was composed of 45 Rattus Norvegicus rats, Wistar strain, divided into three groups corresponding to the Control Group (CG) with no lesion and no treatment; the SHAM Group (SHAM) with lesion but no treatment, and the Pterostilbene Group (PG) with lesion and treatment. The results were evaluated by histology and flow cytometry. \u0000Results: The lesions were characterized by a diffuse acute inflammatory process with mild to moderate intensity. It was observed that increasing proliferative activity of fibroblasts and angiogenesis occurred, besides the modulation of inflammatory cytokines, which corroborated the histological findings. \u0000Conclusion: It can be concluded that pterostilbene, due to its anti-inflammatory activities, can control inflammation so that there are no exacerbated symptoms and lesions, in addition to stimulating structural restoration by increasing fibroblast production and angiogenesis.","PeriodicalId":506708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"411 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139847729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i25363
M. Sivarajan, V. Rakshagan, Deepika Rajendran
Aim: In India, people chew tobacco either alone or in combination with pan or pan masala, which may cause tooth wear. The nature of chewable areca nut and tobacco consumption in India has undergone rapid transformation with introduction of pan masala and gutkha. The negative health effects of tobacco on oral soft tissue including premalignancy and malignancy are well documented, however research on its effect on oral hard tissues especially on tooth wear is lacking. Materials and Methods: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare tooth wear among chewers of various forms/combinations of tobacco products in patients visiting Pvt. Dental College in Tamilnadu, India. The SPSS version 15 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) statistical analysis was used and the results were obtained. Results: The subjects chewing tobacco had significantly greater tooth wear as compared to the controls. The wear was especially significant in paan chewers compared to the other tobacco combinations. It was also observed that the frequency and duration of chewing tobacco was directly proportional to the number of pathologically worn sights like attrition, abrasion and erosion. The subjects chewing tobacco had significantly greater tooth wear as compared to the controls (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The patients taken here are tobacco chewers, comparison here is the subjects chewing tobacco had significantly greater tooth wear as compared to the controls and the outcome is the most commonly occuring tooth wear among tobacco chewers. Tobacco products containing abrasives contribute to tooth wear and this factor must be taken into account for treatment planning for these patients.
{"title":"Assessment of Tooth Wear among Tobacco Chewers in South India","authors":"M. Sivarajan, V. Rakshagan, Deepika Rajendran","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i25363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i25363","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: In India, people chew tobacco either alone or in combination with pan or pan masala, which may cause tooth wear. The nature of chewable areca nut and tobacco consumption in India has undergone rapid transformation with introduction of pan masala and gutkha. The negative health effects of tobacco on oral soft tissue including premalignancy and malignancy are well documented, however research on its effect on oral hard tissues especially on tooth wear is lacking.\u0000Materials and Methods: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare tooth wear among chewers of various forms/combinations of tobacco products in patients visiting Pvt. Dental College in Tamilnadu, India. The SPSS version 15 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) statistical analysis was used and the results were obtained.\u0000Results: The subjects chewing tobacco had significantly greater tooth wear as compared to the controls. The wear was especially significant in paan chewers compared to the other tobacco combinations. It was also observed that the frequency and duration of chewing tobacco was directly proportional to the number of pathologically worn sights like attrition, abrasion and erosion. The subjects chewing tobacco had significantly greater tooth wear as compared to the controls (P < 0.001).\u0000Conclusion: The patients taken here are tobacco chewers, comparison here is the subjects chewing tobacco had significantly greater tooth wear as compared to the controls and the outcome is the most commonly occuring tooth wear among tobacco chewers. Tobacco products containing abrasives contribute to tooth wear and this factor must be taken into account for treatment planning for these patients.","PeriodicalId":506708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"56 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139797940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i25363
M. Sivarajan, V. Rakshagan, Deepika Rajendran
Aim: In India, people chew tobacco either alone or in combination with pan or pan masala, which may cause tooth wear. The nature of chewable areca nut and tobacco consumption in India has undergone rapid transformation with introduction of pan masala and gutkha. The negative health effects of tobacco on oral soft tissue including premalignancy and malignancy are well documented, however research on its effect on oral hard tissues especially on tooth wear is lacking. Materials and Methods: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare tooth wear among chewers of various forms/combinations of tobacco products in patients visiting Pvt. Dental College in Tamilnadu, India. The SPSS version 15 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) statistical analysis was used and the results were obtained. Results: The subjects chewing tobacco had significantly greater tooth wear as compared to the controls. The wear was especially significant in paan chewers compared to the other tobacco combinations. It was also observed that the frequency and duration of chewing tobacco was directly proportional to the number of pathologically worn sights like attrition, abrasion and erosion. The subjects chewing tobacco had significantly greater tooth wear as compared to the controls (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The patients taken here are tobacco chewers, comparison here is the subjects chewing tobacco had significantly greater tooth wear as compared to the controls and the outcome is the most commonly occuring tooth wear among tobacco chewers. Tobacco products containing abrasives contribute to tooth wear and this factor must be taken into account for treatment planning for these patients.
{"title":"Assessment of Tooth Wear among Tobacco Chewers in South India","authors":"M. Sivarajan, V. Rakshagan, Deepika Rajendran","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i25363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i25363","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: In India, people chew tobacco either alone or in combination with pan or pan masala, which may cause tooth wear. The nature of chewable areca nut and tobacco consumption in India has undergone rapid transformation with introduction of pan masala and gutkha. The negative health effects of tobacco on oral soft tissue including premalignancy and malignancy are well documented, however research on its effect on oral hard tissues especially on tooth wear is lacking.\u0000Materials and Methods: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare tooth wear among chewers of various forms/combinations of tobacco products in patients visiting Pvt. Dental College in Tamilnadu, India. The SPSS version 15 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) statistical analysis was used and the results were obtained.\u0000Results: The subjects chewing tobacco had significantly greater tooth wear as compared to the controls. The wear was especially significant in paan chewers compared to the other tobacco combinations. It was also observed that the frequency and duration of chewing tobacco was directly proportional to the number of pathologically worn sights like attrition, abrasion and erosion. The subjects chewing tobacco had significantly greater tooth wear as compared to the controls (P < 0.001).\u0000Conclusion: The patients taken here are tobacco chewers, comparison here is the subjects chewing tobacco had significantly greater tooth wear as compared to the controls and the outcome is the most commonly occuring tooth wear among tobacco chewers. Tobacco products containing abrasives contribute to tooth wear and this factor must be taken into account for treatment planning for these patients.","PeriodicalId":506708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"148 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139857749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i25362
Ali Mozan Dhahir Elethawi, Fahim Thabit Al-Gurairi
Background: Melasma is a common pigmentary disorder that poses therapeutic challenges, so a variety of treatment modalities have been used in targeting pigmentation of melasma such as laser, Intense-pulsed light (IPL) and topical depigmented agents. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of Intense-pulsed light (IPL) with modified kligman formula (triple combination) versus IPL alone in the treatment of melasma. Methods: Forty-one patients with melasma (20 group-A and 21 group -B) were selected, mostly of skin type III, IV and V. Treatment is performed by using a session of IPL then daily use modified kligman formula at night and glycerin cream as moisturizer in the morning and with use of sunscreen in group -A for 4 sessions while group -B patients were treated by IPL alone at 4-week intervals. All the patients were photographed before starting the therapy and at the end of four IPL sessions. Results: Most of the patients in both groups had showed a good improvement in their melasma with the use of our treatment with adequate sun protection. The Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) scores significantly decreased in both groups after the treatment especially in epidermal types and also mixed types though no statistical difference was established among final MASI values of patients with dermal type in group-B. Conclusion: The use of IPL sessions and triple mixture cream seems to be more effective than IPL sessions alone. It is an easy and a good option for patients with melasma. Adverse effects were minimal and acceptable with good satisfaction rate among patients.
{"title":"The Impact of Intense-pulsed Light and Modified Kligman’s Formula for Management of the Moderate to Severe Melasma: A Comparative Study","authors":"Ali Mozan Dhahir Elethawi, Fahim Thabit Al-Gurairi","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i25362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i25362","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Melasma is a common pigmentary disorder that poses therapeutic challenges, so a variety of treatment modalities have been used in targeting pigmentation of melasma such as laser, Intense-pulsed light (IPL) and topical depigmented agents. \u0000Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of Intense-pulsed light (IPL) with modified kligman formula (triple combination) versus IPL alone in the treatment of melasma. \u0000Methods: Forty-one patients with melasma (20 group-A and 21 group -B) were selected, mostly of skin type III, IV and V. Treatment is performed by using a session of IPL then daily use modified kligman formula at night and glycerin cream as moisturizer in the morning and with use of sunscreen in group -A for 4 sessions while group -B patients were treated by IPL alone at 4-week intervals. All the patients were photographed before starting the therapy and at the end of four IPL sessions. \u0000Results: Most of the patients in both groups had showed a good improvement in their melasma with the use of our treatment with adequate sun protection. The Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) scores significantly decreased in both groups after the treatment especially in epidermal types and also mixed types though no statistical difference was established among final MASI values of patients with dermal type in group-B. \u0000Conclusion: The use of IPL sessions and triple mixture cream seems to be more effective than IPL sessions alone. It is an easy and a good option for patients with melasma. Adverse effects were minimal and acceptable with good satisfaction rate among patients.","PeriodicalId":506708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"234 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139858940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i25362
Ali Mozan Dhahir Elethawi, Fahim Thabit Al-Gurairi
Background: Melasma is a common pigmentary disorder that poses therapeutic challenges, so a variety of treatment modalities have been used in targeting pigmentation of melasma such as laser, Intense-pulsed light (IPL) and topical depigmented agents. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of Intense-pulsed light (IPL) with modified kligman formula (triple combination) versus IPL alone in the treatment of melasma. Methods: Forty-one patients with melasma (20 group-A and 21 group -B) were selected, mostly of skin type III, IV and V. Treatment is performed by using a session of IPL then daily use modified kligman formula at night and glycerin cream as moisturizer in the morning and with use of sunscreen in group -A for 4 sessions while group -B patients were treated by IPL alone at 4-week intervals. All the patients were photographed before starting the therapy and at the end of four IPL sessions. Results: Most of the patients in both groups had showed a good improvement in their melasma with the use of our treatment with adequate sun protection. The Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) scores significantly decreased in both groups after the treatment especially in epidermal types and also mixed types though no statistical difference was established among final MASI values of patients with dermal type in group-B. Conclusion: The use of IPL sessions and triple mixture cream seems to be more effective than IPL sessions alone. It is an easy and a good option for patients with melasma. Adverse effects were minimal and acceptable with good satisfaction rate among patients.
{"title":"The Impact of Intense-pulsed Light and Modified Kligman’s Formula for Management of the Moderate to Severe Melasma: A Comparative Study","authors":"Ali Mozan Dhahir Elethawi, Fahim Thabit Al-Gurairi","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i25362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i25362","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Melasma is a common pigmentary disorder that poses therapeutic challenges, so a variety of treatment modalities have been used in targeting pigmentation of melasma such as laser, Intense-pulsed light (IPL) and topical depigmented agents. \u0000Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of Intense-pulsed light (IPL) with modified kligman formula (triple combination) versus IPL alone in the treatment of melasma. \u0000Methods: Forty-one patients with melasma (20 group-A and 21 group -B) were selected, mostly of skin type III, IV and V. Treatment is performed by using a session of IPL then daily use modified kligman formula at night and glycerin cream as moisturizer in the morning and with use of sunscreen in group -A for 4 sessions while group -B patients were treated by IPL alone at 4-week intervals. All the patients were photographed before starting the therapy and at the end of four IPL sessions. \u0000Results: Most of the patients in both groups had showed a good improvement in their melasma with the use of our treatment with adequate sun protection. The Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) scores significantly decreased in both groups after the treatment especially in epidermal types and also mixed types though no statistical difference was established among final MASI values of patients with dermal type in group-B. \u0000Conclusion: The use of IPL sessions and triple mixture cream seems to be more effective than IPL sessions alone. It is an easy and a good option for patients with melasma. Adverse effects were minimal and acceptable with good satisfaction rate among patients.","PeriodicalId":506708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139798766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i15361
Gabriela Schettino, Valmin Ramos-Silva, Thiago Dias Sarti
Introduction: Neural tube defects, a congenital malformation of multifactorial source, affect more than 200,000 to 300,000 births a year, and are twice as common in developing countries. Food fortification with folic acid has been shown to be effective reducing this congenital malformation. The aim of this study was to look for evidence on the efficacy, interval and best dose of folic acid to be administered in the prophylaxis of neural tube defects. Methods: Narrative literature review, using the PubMed database, available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/, using the keywords "Folic Acid and Pregnancy and Neural Tube", and applying the filters "Systematic review" and "last five years". Two researchers independently selected articles on the effects of folic acid in preventing neural tube birth defects. After reading the titles and abstracts, 11 of the 21 articles selected were read in full and all were included in the review. Another nine articles obtained from the PUBMED database, using the same keywords and published in the year 2023, were included to discuss the synthesis of the data. Synthesis of the Data: Neural tube defects were associated with family history, previous stillbirth, unplanned pregnancy, stress during the periconceptional period, lack of prenatal care, use of alcohol, tobacco and exposure to medicines, pesticides, maternal age over 35, chronic maternal illness and low schooling. No evidence of side effects was found as to the supplementation with folic acid. Daily supplementation with 400-800μg, starting 1.5 months before conception and lasting 4 months, prevented the occurrence of neural tube defects and dietary supplementation with folic acid reduced the occurrence of the disease. Conclusion: Current evidence indicates that folic acid supplementation for pregnant women, starting at 1.5 months before conception and lasting for 4 months, protects against congenital neural tube defects.
{"title":"Folic Acid Protection in Congenital Neural Tube Defects: A Narrative Review","authors":"Gabriela Schettino, Valmin Ramos-Silva, Thiago Dias Sarti","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i15361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i15361","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Neural tube defects, a congenital malformation of multifactorial source, affect more than 200,000 to 300,000 births a year, and are twice as common in developing countries. Food fortification with folic acid has been shown to be effective reducing this congenital malformation. The aim of this study was to look for evidence on the efficacy, interval and best dose of folic acid to be administered in the prophylaxis of neural tube defects. \u0000Methods: Narrative literature review, using the PubMed database, available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/, using the keywords \"Folic Acid and Pregnancy and Neural Tube\", and applying the filters \"Systematic review\" and \"last five years\". Two researchers independently selected articles on the effects of folic acid in preventing neural tube birth defects. After reading the titles and abstracts, 11 of the 21 articles selected were read in full and all were included in the review. Another nine articles obtained from the PUBMED database, using the same keywords and published in the year 2023, were included to discuss the synthesis of the data. \u0000Synthesis of the Data: Neural tube defects were associated with family history, previous stillbirth, unplanned pregnancy, stress during the periconceptional period, lack of prenatal care, use of alcohol, tobacco and exposure to medicines, pesticides, maternal age over 35, chronic maternal illness and low schooling. No evidence of side effects was found as to the supplementation with folic acid. Daily supplementation with 400-800μg, starting 1.5 months before conception and lasting 4 months, prevented the occurrence of neural tube defects and dietary supplementation with folic acid reduced the occurrence of the disease. \u0000Conclusion: Current evidence indicates that folic acid supplementation for pregnant women, starting at 1.5 months before conception and lasting for 4 months, protects against congenital neural tube defects.","PeriodicalId":506708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139864307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i15361
Gabriela Schettino, Valmin Ramos-Silva, Thiago Dias Sarti
Introduction: Neural tube defects, a congenital malformation of multifactorial source, affect more than 200,000 to 300,000 births a year, and are twice as common in developing countries. Food fortification with folic acid has been shown to be effective reducing this congenital malformation. The aim of this study was to look for evidence on the efficacy, interval and best dose of folic acid to be administered in the prophylaxis of neural tube defects. Methods: Narrative literature review, using the PubMed database, available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/, using the keywords "Folic Acid and Pregnancy and Neural Tube", and applying the filters "Systematic review" and "last five years". Two researchers independently selected articles on the effects of folic acid in preventing neural tube birth defects. After reading the titles and abstracts, 11 of the 21 articles selected were read in full and all were included in the review. Another nine articles obtained from the PUBMED database, using the same keywords and published in the year 2023, were included to discuss the synthesis of the data. Synthesis of the Data: Neural tube defects were associated with family history, previous stillbirth, unplanned pregnancy, stress during the periconceptional period, lack of prenatal care, use of alcohol, tobacco and exposure to medicines, pesticides, maternal age over 35, chronic maternal illness and low schooling. No evidence of side effects was found as to the supplementation with folic acid. Daily supplementation with 400-800μg, starting 1.5 months before conception and lasting 4 months, prevented the occurrence of neural tube defects and dietary supplementation with folic acid reduced the occurrence of the disease. Conclusion: Current evidence indicates that folic acid supplementation for pregnant women, starting at 1.5 months before conception and lasting for 4 months, protects against congenital neural tube defects.
{"title":"Folic Acid Protection in Congenital Neural Tube Defects: A Narrative Review","authors":"Gabriela Schettino, Valmin Ramos-Silva, Thiago Dias Sarti","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i15361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i15361","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Neural tube defects, a congenital malformation of multifactorial source, affect more than 200,000 to 300,000 births a year, and are twice as common in developing countries. Food fortification with folic acid has been shown to be effective reducing this congenital malformation. The aim of this study was to look for evidence on the efficacy, interval and best dose of folic acid to be administered in the prophylaxis of neural tube defects. \u0000Methods: Narrative literature review, using the PubMed database, available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/, using the keywords \"Folic Acid and Pregnancy and Neural Tube\", and applying the filters \"Systematic review\" and \"last five years\". Two researchers independently selected articles on the effects of folic acid in preventing neural tube birth defects. After reading the titles and abstracts, 11 of the 21 articles selected were read in full and all were included in the review. Another nine articles obtained from the PUBMED database, using the same keywords and published in the year 2023, were included to discuss the synthesis of the data. \u0000Synthesis of the Data: Neural tube defects were associated with family history, previous stillbirth, unplanned pregnancy, stress during the periconceptional period, lack of prenatal care, use of alcohol, tobacco and exposure to medicines, pesticides, maternal age over 35, chronic maternal illness and low schooling. No evidence of side effects was found as to the supplementation with folic acid. Daily supplementation with 400-800μg, starting 1.5 months before conception and lasting 4 months, prevented the occurrence of neural tube defects and dietary supplementation with folic acid reduced the occurrence of the disease. \u0000Conclusion: Current evidence indicates that folic acid supplementation for pregnant women, starting at 1.5 months before conception and lasting for 4 months, protects against congenital neural tube defects.","PeriodicalId":506708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"23 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139804380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i15360
Sagili Chandrasekhara Reddy, K. Ambigga
Objective: To assess the knowledge and practice of refractive error correction (spectacles and contact lenses) in medical students of National Defence University of Malaysia using a survey questionnaire. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study using a questionnaire was conducted among the medical students from first to fifth year. The questionnaire gathered socio-demographic information, knowledge about refractive errors, methods of vision improvement, as well as knowledge and usage of spectacles and contact lenses. The questionnaire was administered after obtaining written consent. SPSS version 24 software was used for data analysis, calculating frequencies for all variables. Results: Out of 205 participating medical students, the majority were male (59.5%), Malays (65.9%), and military cadets (74.1%). While 63.7% were aware of refractive errors, only 51.7% knew about treatment options. Of the respondents, 36.3% wore glasses, with only 8% aware of alternatives like contact lenses and laser treatment. Family history indicated 41 families with a history of wearing glasses, and 15.1% knew about lazy eye. Notably, 45.2% preferred spectacles, while 20.5% opted for contact lenses. Among contact lens users (10.9%), 63.6% were aware of associated complications, and 86.4% practiced handwashing. However, only 68.2% cleaned their lenses with prescribed solutions. A subset (22.7%) admitted to sleeping with lenses, and 59.9% discontinued use of contact lenses after eye problems. Reasons for using contact lenses included comfort during military training, outdoor activities, and sports. Factors influencing choice of contact lenses included comfort, cost, ease of maintenance, and cosmetic purposes. Conclusion: The study highlighted that 36% of medical students wore spectacles, with 11% using contact lenses. While students displayed good knowledge of refractive errors, awareness of treatment options was lacking. Knowledge about contact lenses was generally good, but improper care and compliance were prevalent, posing risks of complications. The findings underscore the importance of education and communication to enhance compliance and mitigate contact lens-related complications in the student population.
{"title":"Knowledge and Practice of Refractive Error Correction in Medical Students of National Defence University of Malaysia","authors":"Sagili Chandrasekhara Reddy, K. Ambigga","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i15360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i15360","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the knowledge and practice of refractive error correction (spectacles and contact lenses) in medical students of National Defence University of Malaysia using a survey questionnaire. \u0000Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study using a questionnaire was conducted among the medical students from first to fifth year. The questionnaire gathered socio-demographic information, knowledge about refractive errors, methods of vision improvement, as well as knowledge and usage of spectacles and contact lenses. The questionnaire was administered after obtaining written consent. SPSS version 24 software was used for data analysis, calculating frequencies for all variables. \u0000Results: Out of 205 participating medical students, the majority were male (59.5%), Malays (65.9%), and military cadets (74.1%). While 63.7% were aware of refractive errors, only 51.7% knew about treatment options. Of the respondents, 36.3% wore glasses, with only 8% aware of alternatives like contact lenses and laser treatment. Family history indicated 41 families with a history of wearing glasses, and 15.1% knew about lazy eye. Notably, 45.2% preferred spectacles, while 20.5% opted for contact lenses. Among contact lens users (10.9%), 63.6% were aware of associated complications, and 86.4% practiced handwashing. However, only 68.2% cleaned their lenses with prescribed solutions. A subset (22.7%) admitted to sleeping with lenses, and 59.9% discontinued use of contact lenses after eye problems. Reasons for using contact lenses included comfort during military training, outdoor activities, and sports. Factors influencing choice of contact lenses included comfort, cost, ease of maintenance, and cosmetic purposes. \u0000Conclusion: The study highlighted that 36% of medical students wore spectacles, with 11% using contact lenses. While students displayed good knowledge of refractive errors, awareness of treatment options was lacking. Knowledge about contact lenses was generally good, but improper care and compliance were prevalent, posing risks of complications. The findings underscore the importance of education and communication to enhance compliance and mitigate contact lens-related complications in the student population.","PeriodicalId":506708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139864354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i15360
Sagili Chandrasekhara Reddy, K. Ambigga
Objective: To assess the knowledge and practice of refractive error correction (spectacles and contact lenses) in medical students of National Defence University of Malaysia using a survey questionnaire. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study using a questionnaire was conducted among the medical students from first to fifth year. The questionnaire gathered socio-demographic information, knowledge about refractive errors, methods of vision improvement, as well as knowledge and usage of spectacles and contact lenses. The questionnaire was administered after obtaining written consent. SPSS version 24 software was used for data analysis, calculating frequencies for all variables. Results: Out of 205 participating medical students, the majority were male (59.5%), Malays (65.9%), and military cadets (74.1%). While 63.7% were aware of refractive errors, only 51.7% knew about treatment options. Of the respondents, 36.3% wore glasses, with only 8% aware of alternatives like contact lenses and laser treatment. Family history indicated 41 families with a history of wearing glasses, and 15.1% knew about lazy eye. Notably, 45.2% preferred spectacles, while 20.5% opted for contact lenses. Among contact lens users (10.9%), 63.6% were aware of associated complications, and 86.4% practiced handwashing. However, only 68.2% cleaned their lenses with prescribed solutions. A subset (22.7%) admitted to sleeping with lenses, and 59.9% discontinued use of contact lenses after eye problems. Reasons for using contact lenses included comfort during military training, outdoor activities, and sports. Factors influencing choice of contact lenses included comfort, cost, ease of maintenance, and cosmetic purposes. Conclusion: The study highlighted that 36% of medical students wore spectacles, with 11% using contact lenses. While students displayed good knowledge of refractive errors, awareness of treatment options was lacking. Knowledge about contact lenses was generally good, but improper care and compliance were prevalent, posing risks of complications. The findings underscore the importance of education and communication to enhance compliance and mitigate contact lens-related complications in the student population.
{"title":"Knowledge and Practice of Refractive Error Correction in Medical Students of National Defence University of Malaysia","authors":"Sagili Chandrasekhara Reddy, K. Ambigga","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i15360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i15360","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the knowledge and practice of refractive error correction (spectacles and contact lenses) in medical students of National Defence University of Malaysia using a survey questionnaire. \u0000Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study using a questionnaire was conducted among the medical students from first to fifth year. The questionnaire gathered socio-demographic information, knowledge about refractive errors, methods of vision improvement, as well as knowledge and usage of spectacles and contact lenses. The questionnaire was administered after obtaining written consent. SPSS version 24 software was used for data analysis, calculating frequencies for all variables. \u0000Results: Out of 205 participating medical students, the majority were male (59.5%), Malays (65.9%), and military cadets (74.1%). While 63.7% were aware of refractive errors, only 51.7% knew about treatment options. Of the respondents, 36.3% wore glasses, with only 8% aware of alternatives like contact lenses and laser treatment. Family history indicated 41 families with a history of wearing glasses, and 15.1% knew about lazy eye. Notably, 45.2% preferred spectacles, while 20.5% opted for contact lenses. Among contact lens users (10.9%), 63.6% were aware of associated complications, and 86.4% practiced handwashing. However, only 68.2% cleaned their lenses with prescribed solutions. A subset (22.7%) admitted to sleeping with lenses, and 59.9% discontinued use of contact lenses after eye problems. Reasons for using contact lenses included comfort during military training, outdoor activities, and sports. Factors influencing choice of contact lenses included comfort, cost, ease of maintenance, and cosmetic purposes. \u0000Conclusion: The study highlighted that 36% of medical students wore spectacles, with 11% using contact lenses. While students displayed good knowledge of refractive errors, awareness of treatment options was lacking. Knowledge about contact lenses was generally good, but improper care and compliance were prevalent, posing risks of complications. The findings underscore the importance of education and communication to enhance compliance and mitigate contact lens-related complications in the student population.","PeriodicalId":506708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"78 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139804416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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