Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75519
Amruta Datye, Ravikant Patil
TAVR has now been accepted across the globe as a standard treatment in management of severe AS. The procedure got simpler over past two decades with newer and advanced generation valves and deployment techniques. Similarly, with evolved anesthesia techniques, peri-operative optimization and adoption of minimalist approach has considerably reduced the complications, shorten the stay and reduced all-cause morbidity and morbidity. India has seen surge in patients undergoing TAVR after first procedure in 2011. However, various factors economic, physician learning curve, demography seem to a play role in widespread adoption of this form of treatment.
目前，TAVR 已被全球公认为治疗严重 AS 的标准方法。过去二十年来，随着新一代先进瓣膜和部署技术的发展，手术变得越来越简单。同样，随着麻醉技术的发展、围手术期的优化以及极简方法的采用，大大减少了并发症，缩短了住院时间，降低了全因发病率和发病率。印度自 2011 年首次进行 TAVR 手术后，接受手术的患者人数激增。然而，经济、医生学习曲线、人口统计学等各种因素似乎都在阻碍这种治疗方式的广泛采用。
{"title":"Optimizing Anesthesia Care in TAVR Patients: A Case Report and Review of Literature against Indian Scenario","authors":"Amruta Datye, Ravikant Patil","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75519","url":null,"abstract":"TAVR has now been accepted across the globe as a standard treatment in management of severe AS. The procedure got simpler over past two decades with newer and advanced generation valves and deployment techniques. Similarly, with evolved anesthesia techniques, peri-operative optimization and adoption of minimalist approach has considerably reduced the complications, shorten the stay and reduced all-cause morbidity and morbidity. \u0000India has seen surge in patients undergoing TAVR after first procedure in 2011. However, various factors economic, physician learning curve, demography seem to a play role in widespread adoption of this form of treatment.","PeriodicalId":506708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141642358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75517
Yen-Cho Huang, Jih-Hsiang Yeh, Chien Sheng Tsai
Aims: To explore the impact of seroma volume reduction on dosimetry during whole breast radiation therapy (WBRT) and evaluate the significance of adaptive planning. Presentation of Case: A 71-year-old female with left breast invasive carcinoma underwent lumpectomy and radiotherapy. An initial CT (CT1) six weeks taken post-op showed a seroma cavity, and a second CT (CT2) five weeks later documented a 65% seroma volume reduction (from 217 c.c. to 75 c.c.). Five radiotherapy techniques were evaluated: two-field conventional, three-field conventional, forward IMRT, inverse IMRT, and VMAT. Inverse IMRT and VMAT achieved better high-dose coverage and reproducibility but had larger dose variations. They also showed higher maximum doses and increased hot spot volumes, indicating potential overdosage risks. Conventional techniques provided stable lower-dose coverage but less uniform high-dose distribution compared to IMRT and VMAT. Discussion: The significant reduction in seroma volume affected dosimetry, highlighting the importance of adaptive planning. In this case, daily KV and weekly MV imaging were used for alignment, but CBCT may better monitor seroma changes. Adaptive radiotherapy, repeated CT simulations, and CBCT are essential for effective treatment. Further research should focus on improving treatment precision through advanced imaging and radiotherapy technologies. Conclusion: This single WBRT case highlights the dosimetric impact of seroma reduction and the importance of imaging and adaptive strategies. Advanced techniques like inverse IMRT and VMAT improve precision but need careful IGRT monitoring. These findings emphasize the need for individualized adaptive planning considerations and further research to optimize protocols for managing seroma volume changes during WBRT.
{"title":"Impact of Seroma Volume Reduction on Dosimetry in Whole Breast Radiation Therapy: A Case Study and Adaptive Planning Considerations","authors":"Yen-Cho Huang, Jih-Hsiang Yeh, Chien Sheng Tsai","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75517","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To explore the impact of seroma volume reduction on dosimetry during whole breast radiation therapy (WBRT) and evaluate the significance of adaptive planning. \u0000Presentation of Case: A 71-year-old female with left breast invasive carcinoma underwent lumpectomy and radiotherapy. An initial CT (CT1) six weeks taken post-op showed a seroma cavity, and a second CT (CT2) five weeks later documented a 65% seroma volume reduction (from 217 c.c. to 75 c.c.). Five radiotherapy techniques were evaluated: two-field conventional, three-field conventional, forward IMRT, inverse IMRT, and VMAT. Inverse IMRT and VMAT achieved better high-dose coverage and reproducibility but had larger dose variations. They also showed higher maximum doses and increased hot spot volumes, indicating potential overdosage risks. Conventional techniques provided stable lower-dose coverage but less uniform high-dose distribution compared to IMRT and VMAT. \u0000Discussion: The significant reduction in seroma volume affected dosimetry, highlighting the importance of adaptive planning. In this case, daily KV and weekly MV imaging were used for alignment, but CBCT may better monitor seroma changes. Adaptive radiotherapy, repeated CT simulations, and CBCT are essential for effective treatment. Further research should focus on improving treatment precision through advanced imaging and radiotherapy technologies. \u0000Conclusion: This single WBRT case highlights the dosimetric impact of seroma reduction and the importance of imaging and adaptive strategies. Advanced techniques like inverse IMRT and VMAT improve precision but need careful IGRT monitoring. These findings emphasize the need for individualized adaptive planning considerations and further research to optimize protocols for managing seroma volume changes during WBRT.","PeriodicalId":506708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"48 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75516
Chiegboka S. Frances, Usoro U.T Edidiongobong, Odion E. Hendrix, Enotiemonria J. Ighodalo, Etukokwu Ijeoma U., Awolo O. Daniel, Akeredolu W. Utome, Abebe E. Stephen, Oshadiya O. Christian, Osamuyi Emmanuella I., Ezedigwe O. Collins, Osigbeme Azemobor, Akhaine J. Precious
Background: Co-morbidities in Lassa fever refers to the presence of other underlying medical conditions or diseases in individuals infected with the virus. These co-morbidities can significantly affect the progression and outcome of Lassa fever, making it a complex and challenging infectious disease to control. Objective: To determine the effects of Co-morbidities on Lassa fever and it's management between 2019-2023 in a Lassa Fever Research Institute in Nigeria. Methodology: This study was conducted at the Lassa Fever Research Institute at Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital (ISTH) in Edo State, Nigeria. It engaged a retrospective cross-sectional design and employed a systematic sampling technique. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 21.0 software for descriptive statistics. Associations were tested using the Chi-square test, with a significance level set at p<0.05. Results: The study found that Lassa fever had no specificity for age as it affected individuals across a wide age range (18-78 years), with the highest incidence in the 47-57 year age group. Hypertension was the most common comorbid condition (30%), followed by peptic ulcer disease (20%). Ribavirin was the main stay of treatment used. The analysis showed no significant relationship between comorbidities and mortality, as the majority of cases (85%) had outstanding outcomes. However, there was a significant relationship (p=0.04) between the level of education and outcomes, with most individuals having a tertiary education and experiencing positive outcomes. Conclusion: According to this study, it was discovered that there were no significant relationship between co morbidities and mortality as majority of the cases reviewed were seen to have good outcomes with the aid of the current treatment (ribavirin).
{"title":"Effects of Comorbidities on Lassa Fever: A 5-Year Retrospective Analysis of Cases Admitted in a Lassa Fever Research Institute in Nigeria (2019-2023)","authors":"Chiegboka S. Frances, Usoro U.T Edidiongobong, Odion E. Hendrix, Enotiemonria J. Ighodalo, Etukokwu Ijeoma U., Awolo O. Daniel, Akeredolu W. Utome, Abebe E. Stephen, Oshadiya O. Christian, Osamuyi Emmanuella I., Ezedigwe O. Collins, Osigbeme Azemobor, Akhaine J. Precious","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75516","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Co-morbidities in Lassa fever refers to the presence of other underlying medical conditions or diseases in individuals infected with the virus. These co-morbidities can significantly affect the progression and outcome of Lassa fever, making it a complex and challenging infectious disease to control. \u0000Objective: To determine the effects of Co-morbidities on Lassa fever and it's management between 2019-2023 in a Lassa Fever Research Institute in Nigeria. \u0000Methodology: This study was conducted at the Lassa Fever Research Institute at Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital (ISTH) in Edo State, Nigeria. It engaged a retrospective cross-sectional design and employed a systematic sampling technique. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 21.0 software for descriptive statistics. Associations were tested using the Chi-square test, with a significance level set at p<0.05. \u0000Results: The study found that Lassa fever had no specificity for age as it affected individuals across a wide age range (18-78 years), with the highest incidence in the 47-57 year age group. Hypertension was the most common comorbid condition (30%), followed by peptic ulcer disease (20%). Ribavirin was the main stay of treatment used. The analysis showed no significant relationship between comorbidities and mortality, as the majority of cases (85%) had outstanding outcomes. However, there was a significant relationship (p=0.04) between the level of education and outcomes, with most individuals having a tertiary education and experiencing positive outcomes. \u0000Conclusion: According to this study, it was discovered that there were no significant relationship between co morbidities and mortality as majority of the cases reviewed were seen to have good outcomes with the aid of the current treatment (ribavirin).","PeriodicalId":506708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"22 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141646609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75514
N. M. Harry, Kenechukwu Anona, Vivien O Obitulata-Ugwu, Olubukola Anike Kuye, Oluwatosin Arubuolawe, I. Folorunsho, A. K. Busari, Chidalu N Ibeneme, Amarachukwu Diala, Victory Afolabi, Gibson Anugwom
Background: Bulimia nervosa (BN) is a severe eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, fasting, or excessive exercise. Current treatment strategies, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy, have limitations, with many patients not responding adequately and experiencing high relapse rates. GLP-1 receptor agonists, initially developed for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic weight management, have shown potential in regulating appetite and modifying behavior, suggesting a possible role in treating BN. Objective: This review aims to assess the current evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists, particularly Semaglutide, in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on articles published between 2014 and 2024. Studies included were clinical trials, case reports, and reviews addressing the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists in BN. The search terms included "Bulimia Nervosa," "Semaglutide," "GLP-1 receptor agonists," and related terms. After screening and removing duplicates, five relevant articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. Results: The included studies demonstrated that GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as Semaglutide, liraglutide, and dulaglutide, effectively reduced binge eating episodes and body weight in patients with BN. In a notable case report, a patient with long-standing BN experienced complete resolution of symptoms within two weeks of starting liraglutide, sustained over five years. Retrospective cohort and open-label studies also showed significant reductions in binge eating severity with GLP-1 receptor agonists compared to other anti-obesity medications. Additionally, preclinical studies suggested these agents' potential in modulating appetite and reward pathways in the brain. Conclusion: The evidence indicates that GLP-1 receptor agonists may be a promising alternative pharmacotherapy for bulimia nervosa, addressing both appetite regulation and behavioral aspects of the disorder. However, the current paucity of large-scale, randomized controlled trials necessitates further research to confirm these findings and establish the efficacy, safety, and optimal dosing of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of BN. The favorable psychiatric side effect profile and potential for improved patient adherence highlight the need for continued exploration of these agents in clinical practice.
{"title":"Potential Role of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonist in the Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa","authors":"N. M. Harry, Kenechukwu Anona, Vivien O Obitulata-Ugwu, Olubukola Anike Kuye, Oluwatosin Arubuolawe, I. Folorunsho, A. K. Busari, Chidalu N Ibeneme, Amarachukwu Diala, Victory Afolabi, Gibson Anugwom","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75514","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bulimia nervosa (BN) is a severe eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, fasting, or excessive exercise. Current treatment strategies, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy, have limitations, with many patients not responding adequately and experiencing high relapse rates. GLP-1 receptor agonists, initially developed for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic weight management, have shown potential in regulating appetite and modifying behavior, suggesting a possible role in treating BN. \u0000Objective: This review aims to assess the current evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists, particularly Semaglutide, in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. \u0000Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on articles published between 2014 and 2024. Studies included were clinical trials, case reports, and reviews addressing the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists in BN. The search terms included \"Bulimia Nervosa,\" \"Semaglutide,\" \"GLP-1 receptor agonists,\" and related terms. After screening and removing duplicates, five relevant articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. \u0000Results: The included studies demonstrated that GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as Semaglutide, liraglutide, and dulaglutide, effectively reduced binge eating episodes and body weight in patients with BN. In a notable case report, a patient with long-standing BN experienced complete resolution of symptoms within two weeks of starting liraglutide, sustained over five years. Retrospective cohort and open-label studies also showed significant reductions in binge eating severity with GLP-1 receptor agonists compared to other anti-obesity medications. Additionally, preclinical studies suggested these agents' potential in modulating appetite and reward pathways in the brain. \u0000Conclusion: The evidence indicates that GLP-1 receptor agonists may be a promising alternative pharmacotherapy for bulimia nervosa, addressing both appetite regulation and behavioral aspects of the disorder. However, the current paucity of large-scale, randomized controlled trials necessitates further research to confirm these findings and establish the efficacy, safety, and optimal dosing of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of BN. The favorable psychiatric side effect profile and potential for improved patient adherence highlight the need for continued exploration of these agents in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":506708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141652218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75513
Rushita D. Nakarani, R.K. Chopra
Non-resolving or slowly resolving pneumonia presents a significant diagnostic challenge, characterized by persistent radiographic abnormalities despite appropriate antibiotic therapy. This study explores the pivotal role of Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy (FOB) in diagnosing and managing non-resolving pneumonia. Through detailed case presentations, the study illustrates how FOB facilitates precise sampling and identification of underlying causes such as malignancies, infections, and other pulmonary conditions. FOB's ability to provide cytological, microbiological, and pathological insights proves essential in guiding targeted treatment strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes. The cases discussed underscore the importance of FOB in resolving diagnostic uncertainties, particularly in complex clinical scenarios where standard treatments fail.
{"title":"Diagnostic Value of Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy in Non-resolving Pneumonia: Case Series and Implications","authors":"Rushita D. Nakarani, R.K. Chopra","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75513","url":null,"abstract":"Non-resolving or slowly resolving pneumonia presents a significant diagnostic challenge, characterized by persistent radiographic abnormalities despite appropriate antibiotic therapy. This study explores the pivotal role of Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy (FOB) in diagnosing and managing non-resolving pneumonia. Through detailed case presentations, the study illustrates how FOB facilitates precise sampling and identification of underlying causes such as malignancies, infections, and other pulmonary conditions. FOB's ability to provide cytological, microbiological, and pathological insights proves essential in guiding targeted treatment strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes. The cases discussed underscore the importance of FOB in resolving diagnostic uncertainties, particularly in complex clinical scenarios where standard treatments fail.","PeriodicalId":506708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"44 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141652362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75515
R. Bharathisuma, Pujari Bhargav, M. C. Shekar, Vamsee Krishna Nallagatla, C. S. Kumar, S. Sunil Kumar
Root canal treatment is a common procedure in endodontic dentistry treating the teeth with necrosis of the dental pulp caused by carious processes, coronal crack or fracture, or dental trauma. The success of root canal treatment depends on a number of variables related to the preoperative condition of the tooth, as well as the procedure options for endodontic treatment .A successful root canal treatment is defined by the absence of symptoms and observable clinical signs. Single visit root canal treatment used to give more success rate compared to multiple visit treatments. In this paper we aim to treatments based on time, restoration, esthetics, post operative pain, technique and fracture resistance of teeth.
{"title":"Success and Failures of Single Visit over Multiple Visit Nonsurgical Endodontic Treatment in Permanent Teeth: A Review","authors":"R. Bharathisuma, Pujari Bhargav, M. C. Shekar, Vamsee Krishna Nallagatla, C. S. Kumar, S. Sunil Kumar","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75515","url":null,"abstract":"Root canal treatment is a common procedure in endodontic dentistry treating the teeth with necrosis of the dental pulp caused by carious processes, coronal crack or fracture, or dental trauma. The success of root canal treatment depends on a number of variables related to the preoperative condition of the tooth, as well as the procedure options for endodontic treatment .A successful root canal treatment is defined by the absence of symptoms and observable clinical signs. Single visit root canal treatment used to give more success rate compared to multiple visit treatments. In this paper we aim to treatments based on time, restoration, esthetics, post operative pain, technique and fracture resistance of teeth.","PeriodicalId":506708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"30 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141651144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75511
H. Ak, Ghazala S. Virk, Farhana Nazmin, Masooma Afridi, M. Masmoum, Shaf A. Altaf
Millions of people suffer from lower back pain, which has social, economic, and health consequences. One of the most difficult areas to effectively manage is Chronic Low Back Pain. This systematic review and meta-analysis examine the effectiveness exclusive of surgery, including acupuncture, physiotherapy or medication (NSAIDs), chiropractic procedure, or mental therapy as advised by WHO guidelines. Thirteen studies were reviewed investigating the effect of these treatments on pain relief, functional improvement, and patient satisfaction. Pain scores, functional improvements, and patient satisfaction in the acupuncture group were superior to placebo. Adherence to physiotherapy and patient satisfaction was also good. Substantially less differential added benefits emerged from complementary intervention acupuncture (encircled in red), resulting in moderate to low satisfaction levels compared to medication, especially physiotherapy. Chiropractic effectively decreased LBP and improved function, and participants were generally very satisfied. Mental therapy provided psychological support that alleviated pain intensity and promoted improved physical function, significantly increasing the satisfaction level in these patients as part of their overall pain relief. Nonsurgical treatments, such as acupuncture (Acumoxa), physiotherapy medication, and chiropractic mental therapy, are result-oriented in relieving symptoms of CLBP. Patient satisfaction was highest for acupuncture and medication. Nonetheless, differences in research methodology and population characteristics are likely to make generalizations of what we can learn from the results a more challenging task. Future studies should improve on these limitations and the long-term safety/efficacy of these treatments. Only if alternative treatments like chiropractic and mental therapy, as suggested by WHO, are integrated in management, a line of approach for CLBP will be completed.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Acupuncture, Physiotherapy, Chiropractic and Medication in Chronic Back Pain Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"H. Ak, Ghazala S. Virk, Farhana Nazmin, Masooma Afridi, M. Masmoum, Shaf A. Altaf","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75511","url":null,"abstract":"Millions of people suffer from lower back pain, which has social, economic, and health consequences. One of the most difficult areas to effectively manage is Chronic Low Back Pain. This systematic review and meta-analysis examine the effectiveness exclusive of surgery, including acupuncture, physiotherapy or medication (NSAIDs), chiropractic procedure, or mental therapy as advised by WHO guidelines. Thirteen studies were reviewed investigating the effect of these treatments on pain relief, functional improvement, and patient satisfaction. Pain scores, functional improvements, and patient satisfaction in the acupuncture group were superior to placebo. Adherence to physiotherapy and patient satisfaction was also good. Substantially less differential added benefits emerged from complementary intervention acupuncture (encircled in red), resulting in moderate to low satisfaction levels compared to medication, especially physiotherapy. Chiropractic effectively decreased LBP and improved function, and participants were generally very satisfied. Mental therapy provided psychological support that alleviated pain intensity and promoted improved physical function, significantly increasing the satisfaction level in these patients as part of their overall pain relief. Nonsurgical treatments, such as acupuncture (Acumoxa), physiotherapy medication, and chiropractic mental therapy, are result-oriented in relieving symptoms of CLBP. Patient satisfaction was highest for acupuncture and medication. Nonetheless, differences in research methodology and population characteristics are likely to make generalizations of what we can learn from the results a more challenging task. Future studies should improve on these limitations and the long-term safety/efficacy of these treatments. Only if alternative treatments like chiropractic and mental therapy, as suggested by WHO, are integrated in management, a line of approach for CLBP will be completed.","PeriodicalId":506708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"42 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75505
Q. S. Islam, Nasima Akter
Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown has led to a rise in the number of gender-based violence (GBV) cases within families. This increase is mainly due to patriarchal influence, prolonged stay at home, social isolation, and financial abuse. Women and girls, in particular, have been adversely affected by this phenomenon, experiencing significant mental health impacts. A study conducted in Toronto explored the various types and causes of violence against South Asian Bangladeshi women and girls and how it affects their mental health, too. Methodology: Bangladeshi-Canadian Community Services (BCS), an ethnic organization conducted a study on gender-based violence (GBV) from Sep to Dec 2021. Two extensive Zoom group discussions involved 55 females and six males, including social workers (n=9), community leaders/workers (n=17), community youth ambassadors (n=9), and community members (n=26, among them n=11 were victims). Audio recordings were transcribed and translated into English, then thematically coded to identify forms of GBV and provide narratives based on participants' experiences. Results: South Asian Bangladeshi women and girls have been subjected to various forms of violence by their husbands or male family members, such as physical, psychological/emotional, verbal, and financial violence. Physical violence includes shaking their wives' hands and necks and pushing wives and girls. Psychological, verbal, and financial violence includes scolding, threatening, demoralizing, blaming, belittling, coercing, stealing money, and committing financial fraud. The causes of violence against women during the lockdown are related to the loss of husbands' jobs and idleness, the tendency to establish male power over women out of fear of losing patriarchal control during a crisis, husbands' mental turmoil due to the lockdown and financial crisis, women's protest against extramarital relationships, fear of contracting viruses, taking advantage of women's vulnerability, and greediness towards wives' money. As a result of this violence, many victims have reported experiencing anxiety, mental trauma, frustration, distress, depression, and discrimination. Victims of violence have faced many obstacles in accessing appropriate providers, such as language barriers and threats from their husbands. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected South Asian Bangladeshi women and girls who are experiencing gender-based violence. To address this issue, policymakers, governments, and ethnic organizations must collaborate to create comprehensive plans that aim to eliminate gender-based violence, as well as associated cultural problems and stigma. Community organizations can provide resources and support for victims, working with families and husbands to create a safer environment for those affected.
{"title":"Gender-based Violence (GBV) on Bangladeshi Women and Girls during COVID-19 in Toronto: Forms, Causes, and Mental Health Impacts","authors":"Q. S. Islam, Nasima Akter","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75505","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown has led to a rise in the number of gender-based violence (GBV) cases within families. This increase is mainly due to patriarchal influence, prolonged stay at home, social isolation, and financial abuse. Women and girls, in particular, have been adversely affected by this phenomenon, experiencing significant mental health impacts. A study conducted in Toronto explored the various types and causes of violence against South Asian Bangladeshi women and girls and how it affects their mental health, too. \u0000Methodology: Bangladeshi-Canadian Community Services (BCS), an ethnic organization conducted a study on gender-based violence (GBV) from Sep to Dec 2021. Two extensive Zoom group discussions involved 55 females and six males, including social workers (n=9), community leaders/workers (n=17), community youth ambassadors (n=9), and community members (n=26, among them n=11 were victims). Audio recordings were transcribed and translated into English, then thematically coded to identify forms of GBV and provide narratives based on participants' experiences. \u0000Results: South Asian Bangladeshi women and girls have been subjected to various forms of violence by their husbands or male family members, such as physical, psychological/emotional, verbal, and financial violence. Physical violence includes shaking their wives' hands and necks and pushing wives and girls. Psychological, verbal, and financial violence includes scolding, threatening, demoralizing, blaming, belittling, coercing, stealing money, and committing financial fraud. The causes of violence against women during the lockdown are related to the loss of husbands' jobs and idleness, the tendency to establish male power over women out of fear of losing patriarchal control during a crisis, husbands' mental turmoil due to the lockdown and financial crisis, women's protest against extramarital relationships, fear of contracting viruses, taking advantage of women's vulnerability, and greediness towards wives' money. As a result of this violence, many victims have reported experiencing anxiety, mental trauma, frustration, distress, depression, and discrimination. Victims of violence have faced many obstacles in accessing appropriate providers, such as language barriers and threats from their husbands. \u0000Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected South Asian Bangladeshi women and girls who are experiencing gender-based violence. To address this issue, policymakers, governments, and ethnic organizations must collaborate to create comprehensive plans that aim to eliminate gender-based violence, as well as associated cultural problems and stigma. Community organizations can provide resources and support for victims, working with families and husbands to create a safer environment for those affected.","PeriodicalId":506708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"124 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75509
Leandro Victor Silva Ribeiro, L. Pasqualotto, Newton Santos de Faria Júnior
Aims: The objective of the study will be to evaluate the presence of sleep disorders, sleep quality and life of women in the menopausal transition and postmenopausal assisted in primary health care (PHC) in Divinópolis/MG. Study Design: Cross-sectional observational. Place and Duration of Study: PHC in the municipality of Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil, between January and December 2023. Material and Methods: The present study will be carried out by professors and students of the University of the State of Minas Gerais (UEMG), Divinópolis Unit, with women recruited from PHC in the municipality of Divinópolis/MG, after consenting to participate in the study, by signing the Informed Consent Form (ICF). The sample will be consecutive and of convenience and then stratified according to sociodemographic variables, presence or absence of sleep disorders, sleep quality, quality of life and other variables pertinent to the study. Discussion: Due to the lack of professional performance in primary care for sleep disorders, it is necessary to study the concomitant changes between the menopausal transition and postmenopausal processes. Given the aspects related to these disorders, there is a need for a more in-depth look at the factors that can interfere with sleep quality during this transition. Conclusion: This study protocol aims to investigate sleep disorders and the quality of sleep and life in women during the menopausal and postmenopausal transition phases. The research seeks to identify data demonstrating the changes that occur during these phases.
{"title":"Sleep Disorders and Quality of Life of Women in Menopausal Transition and Postmenopausal Assisted in Primary Health Care: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study Protocol","authors":"Leandro Victor Silva Ribeiro, L. Pasqualotto, Newton Santos de Faria Júnior","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75509","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The objective of the study will be to evaluate the presence of sleep disorders, sleep quality and life of women in the menopausal transition and postmenopausal assisted in primary health care (PHC) in Divinópolis/MG. \u0000Study Design: Cross-sectional observational. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: PHC in the municipality of Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil, between January and December 2023. \u0000Material and Methods: The present study will be carried out by professors and students of the University of the State of Minas Gerais (UEMG), Divinópolis Unit, with women recruited from PHC in the municipality of Divinópolis/MG, after consenting to participate in the study, by signing the Informed Consent Form (ICF). The sample will be consecutive and of convenience and then stratified according to sociodemographic variables, presence or absence of sleep disorders, sleep quality, quality of life and other variables pertinent to the study. \u0000Discussion: Due to the lack of professional performance in primary care for sleep disorders, it is necessary to study the concomitant changes between the menopausal transition and postmenopausal processes. Given the aspects related to these disorders, there is a need for a more in-depth look at the factors that can interfere with sleep quality during this transition. \u0000Conclusion: This study protocol aims to investigate sleep disorders and the quality of sleep and life in women during the menopausal and postmenopausal transition phases. The research seeks to identify data demonstrating the changes that occur during these phases.","PeriodicalId":506708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"44 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75506
Chu Ka Yin, Chan Yin Ling, Tsang Tsz Shan, Zhong Ka Wai Cherry
Introduction: The management of chronic respiratory conditions critically relies on Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR). Traditional PR programs often encounter obstacles in patient engagement and adherence. To overcome these issues, immersive virtual reality (VR) technology is being explored. Immersive VR, experienced through a head-mounted display, provides an interactive simulated environment. Its integration into occupational therapy (OT) PR programs holds the potential to boost the effectiveness of rehabilitation and patient experience. Objective: This study aimed to probe the effects of VR-based training on PR patients' psychological well-being, training engagement, adherence to breathing control exercises and sense of security. The assessment of these outcomes is intended to ascertain the potential benefits of VR in augmenting PR efficacy. Methods: A mixed-method, single-group design was adopted, involving a one-week trial with daily half-hour VR sessions. Pre-post assessments, incorporating qualitative and quantitative approaches, were conducted for data collection and analysis. Quantitative measures assessed functional capacity (Barthel Index-Dyspnea; BI-D), psychological well-being (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS) and symptom assessment (Shortness of Breath Questionnaire; SOBQ and Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire; CRQ). Qualitative analysis hinged on semi-structured interviews, with thematic analysis used to discern underlying themes and patterns from participant experiences. The study, conducted from August to November 2023, involved 10 in-patients of the PR program from a rehabilitation hospital, aged 67 to 91, and diagnosed with COPD, COVID-19, and lung cancer. Results: Quantitative results showed significant improvements across all measures, including BI-D (p<0.001; MD -19.60), HADS-Anxiety (p<0.001; MD -4.60), HADS-Depression (p<0.001; MD-3.90), SOBQ (p=0.002; MD-19.85), CRQ-Dyspnea (p=0.002; MD+1.01), CRQ-Emotion (p=0.004; MD+0.89), CRQ-Management (p=0.010; MD+1.2), and CRQ-Fatigue (p<0.001; MD+1.16). In qualitative analysis, noteworthy enhancements in psychological well-being were reported by all participants. VR resulted in relaxation, stress reduction, and distraction, highlighting a positive mental health impact. The captivating and motivating nature of the simulated environment led to increased engagement and improved breathing exercise compliance. VR also offered a secured platform for practicing breathing control, contributing to an enhanced rehabilitation experience. Conclusion: Merging VR technology into OT services for PR yields positive results. VR enhances psychological well-being, training engagement, and exercise compliance, while also providing a secure virtual environment. Future research should explore a greater variety of VR training programs to meet a wider range of therapeutic needs.
{"title":"Application of Immersive Virtual Reality in Occupational Therapy-based Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program: A Mixed-method Study","authors":"Chu Ka Yin, Chan Yin Ling, Tsang Tsz Shan, Zhong Ka Wai Cherry","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75506","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The management of chronic respiratory conditions critically relies on Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR). Traditional PR programs often encounter obstacles in patient engagement and adherence. To overcome these issues, immersive virtual reality (VR) technology is being explored. Immersive VR, experienced through a head-mounted display, provides an interactive simulated environment. Its integration into occupational therapy (OT) PR programs holds the potential to boost the effectiveness of rehabilitation and patient experience. \u0000Objective: This study aimed to probe the effects of VR-based training on PR patients' psychological well-being, training engagement, adherence to breathing control exercises and sense of security. The assessment of these outcomes is intended to ascertain the potential benefits of VR in augmenting PR efficacy. \u0000Methods: A mixed-method, single-group design was adopted, involving a one-week trial with daily half-hour VR sessions. Pre-post assessments, incorporating qualitative and quantitative approaches, were conducted for data collection and analysis. Quantitative measures assessed functional capacity (Barthel Index-Dyspnea; BI-D), psychological well-being (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS) and symptom assessment (Shortness of Breath Questionnaire; SOBQ and Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire; CRQ). Qualitative analysis hinged on semi-structured interviews, with thematic analysis used to discern underlying themes and patterns from participant experiences. The study, conducted from August to November 2023, involved 10 in-patients of the PR program from a rehabilitation hospital, aged 67 to 91, and diagnosed with COPD, COVID-19, and lung cancer. \u0000Results: Quantitative results showed significant improvements across all measures, including BI-D (p<0.001; MD -19.60), HADS-Anxiety (p<0.001; MD -4.60), HADS-Depression (p<0.001; MD-3.90), SOBQ (p=0.002; MD-19.85), CRQ-Dyspnea (p=0.002; MD+1.01), CRQ-Emotion (p=0.004; MD+0.89), CRQ-Management (p=0.010; MD+1.2), and CRQ-Fatigue (p<0.001; MD+1.16). In qualitative analysis, noteworthy enhancements in psychological well-being were reported by all participants. VR resulted in relaxation, stress reduction, and distraction, highlighting a positive mental health impact. The captivating and motivating nature of the simulated environment led to increased engagement and improved breathing exercise compliance. VR also offered a secured platform for practicing breathing control, contributing to an enhanced rehabilitation experience. \u0000Conclusion: Merging VR technology into OT services for PR yields positive results. VR enhances psychological well-being, training engagement, and exercise compliance, while also providing a secure virtual environment. Future research should explore a greater variety of VR training programs to meet a wider range of therapeutic needs.","PeriodicalId":506708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"124 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：