Pub Date : 2024-04-20DOI: 10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51148
Amalate Ann Obuebite, O. Okwonna
This preliminary study explores the potential of cashew gum as a sustainable, effective inhibitor of calcium carbonate scale by characterization analysis to determine its composition, temperature-tolerance and crystallinity in relation to conventional scale inhibitors. The use of green materials has garnered attention as a promising natural compound for industrial processes. Scale formation, a pervasive issue in oil production leads to reduced efficiency and increased maintenance costs caused by blockages in pipelines etc. However, scale inhibitors have been used to control various scale types. Cashew gum, a natural polysaccharide, with its bio-degradable and eco-friendly characteristics aligns with global emphasis on sustainable, green chemistry. The preliminary analysis of the scale- inhibitory effect of cashew gum was evaluated using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze their crystal structure, thermal stability, identify and quantify the chemical compounds. Results showed an onset degradation at 327.3 ˚C temperature with a 29% decline in mass of the sample and a calcination temperature of 525 ˚C. The XRD showed a single peak at 19.20˚indicating poor crystallinity of the extract, thus a mixture of crystalline and amorphous phases was proposed. The FTIR spectra showed a symmetrical stretching vibration of the O-H bond, characteristic of glucoside ring. The presence of C-O bonds and carbonyl moiety was observed at several low peak intensities indicating a low composition of these functional groups. The chromatogram identified six compounds linked to a functional group with 7-octadecenoic acid methyl ester having the highest peak area of 63.52 %, indicating that fatty acids are the dominant constituents in cashew gum. Its compatibility with diverse water compositions makes it a potential solution for scale inhibition. The study shows that cashew gum is a viable, eco-conscious option for mitigating scales based on its chemical composition and thermal stability.
{"title":"Preliminary Evaluation of Cashew Gum Exudate as a Green Scale Inhibitor","authors":"Amalate Ann Obuebite, O. Okwonna","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51148","url":null,"abstract":"This preliminary study explores the potential of cashew gum as a sustainable, effective inhibitor of calcium carbonate scale by characterization analysis to determine its composition, temperature-tolerance and crystallinity in relation to conventional scale inhibitors. The use of green materials has garnered attention as a promising natural compound for industrial processes. Scale formation, a pervasive issue in oil production leads to reduced efficiency and increased maintenance costs caused by blockages in pipelines etc. However, scale inhibitors have been used to control various scale types. Cashew gum, a natural polysaccharide, with its bio-degradable and eco-friendly characteristics aligns with global emphasis on sustainable, green chemistry. The preliminary analysis of the scale- inhibitory effect of cashew gum was evaluated using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze their crystal structure, thermal stability, identify and quantify the chemical compounds. Results showed an onset degradation at 327.3 ˚C temperature with a 29% decline in mass of the sample and a calcination temperature of 525 ˚C. The XRD showed a single peak at 19.20˚indicating poor crystallinity of the extract, thus a mixture of crystalline and amorphous phases was proposed. The FTIR spectra showed a symmetrical stretching vibration of the O-H bond, characteristic of glucoside ring. The presence of C-O bonds and carbonyl moiety was observed at several low peak intensities indicating a low composition of these functional groups. The chromatogram identified six compounds linked to a functional group with 7-octadecenoic acid methyl ester having the highest peak area of 63.52 %, indicating that fatty acids are the dominant constituents in cashew gum. Its compatibility with diverse water compositions makes it a potential solution for scale inhibition. The study shows that cashew gum is a viable, eco-conscious option for mitigating scales based on its chemical composition and thermal stability.","PeriodicalId":508164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"114 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140679667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-20DOI: 10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51147
R. Aditya, P. Y. Raj, Y. T. Rao, T. H. V. Sai, A. Lakshman, K. T. Devi
Weapon detection, a crucial part of modern security is vital for public safety and strengthening security measures. Accurately spotting weapons in different places helps law enforcement, surveillance, and security. The ongoing improvements in weapon detection technologies not only boost preventive actions but also help respond quickly in emergencies, reducing risks and improving readiness. These technologies greatly assist law enforcement in identifying threats early and taking action promptly to keep the public safe and protect important places. Our proposed system suggests YOLOv7 with brightening algorithms, specially designed to detect weapons in low-light or nighttime situations. This shift from the existing to the proposed system marks a substantial improvement, addressing the challenges of nighttime weapon detection. This breakthrough not only enhances the scope of security measures but also underscores the adaptability of technology to real-world challenges. By catering to challenging dark settings, this advancement strengthens the foundation of public safety initiatives, offering a proactive approach to mitigating potential threats in diverse environments.
{"title":"Weapon D - A Hybrid Approach for Detecting Weapons in Dark Environments Using Deep Learning Techniques","authors":"R. Aditya, P. Y. Raj, Y. T. Rao, T. H. V. Sai, A. Lakshman, K. T. Devi","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51147","url":null,"abstract":"Weapon detection, a crucial part of modern security is vital for public safety and strengthening security measures. Accurately spotting weapons in different places helps law enforcement, surveillance, and security. The ongoing improvements in weapon detection technologies not only boost preventive actions but also help respond quickly in emergencies, reducing risks and improving readiness. These technologies greatly assist law enforcement in identifying threats early and taking action promptly to keep the public safe and protect important places. Our proposed system suggests YOLOv7 with brightening algorithms, specially designed to detect weapons in low-light or nighttime situations. This shift from the existing to the proposed system marks a substantial improvement, addressing the challenges of nighttime weapon detection. This breakthrough not only enhances the scope of security measures but also underscores the adaptability of technology to real-world challenges. By catering to challenging dark settings, this advancement strengthens the foundation of public safety initiatives, offering a proactive approach to mitigating potential threats in diverse environments.","PeriodicalId":508164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"115 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140679810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meat and beef consumption rate in Nigeria has recorded increment leading to increase in abattoirs and lack of control in discarding the waste of the slaughtered animals has heightened the rate of ground water, air and environmental pollutions. In this paper, crab shell based magnetic Nanoparticles were utilized in the purification of waste water from abattoir. The factors considered in the purification process were pH, dosage, initial concentration, temperature and time and the response includes: bio-chemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity and colour. Prior to the experimentation in the laboratory, the central composite design (CCD) of the experimental design was carried to determine the number of levels and the possible number of experimental runs during laboratory experiment. The outcome of the laboratory was used for the response surface methodology (RSM) of which linear and interaction model ware utilized in the determination of the relation between the factors and the responses and the model type was multiple input single output model system (all the factors equated to one response per time). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tables was utilized in the determination of the model performance for each response to determine the best model suitable for the prediction of the responses. From the results obtained, the R-square values from the ANOVA table showed that the interaction model had a better prediction accuracy of 65.75%, 33.65%, 60.73% and 59.74% for the prediction of BOD, COD, turbidity and colour responses, respectively. The interaction model being the best was deployed for the generation of surface and contour plots to graphically obtain the optimal responses and factors that was utilized as a first guess to the optimization of the model and the final optimal response values obtained were 4.33mg/l, 128.9mg/l, 39.87% and 33.41% for BOD, COD, turbidity and colour, respectively at the optimal factor conditions of 5.5, 0.68g, 260mg/l, 335k and 50min for pH, dosage, initial concentration, temperature and time, respectively.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Crab Shell Based Magnetic Nanoparticles for the Remediation of Abattoir Waste Waters","authors":"Okpalaeze, Onyeka Anthony, Nkwocha, Promise Chibuzo","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51146","url":null,"abstract":"Meat and beef consumption rate in Nigeria has recorded increment leading to increase in abattoirs and lack of control in discarding the waste of the slaughtered animals has heightened the rate of ground water, air and environmental pollutions. In this paper, crab shell based magnetic Nanoparticles were utilized in the purification of waste water from abattoir. The factors considered in the purification process were pH, dosage, initial concentration, temperature and time and the response includes: bio-chemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity and colour. Prior to the experimentation in the laboratory, the central composite design (CCD) of the experimental design was carried to determine the number of levels and the possible number of experimental runs during laboratory experiment. The outcome of the laboratory was used for the response surface methodology (RSM) of which linear and interaction model ware utilized in the determination of the relation between the factors and the responses and the model type was multiple input single output model system (all the factors equated to one response per time). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tables was utilized in the determination of the model performance for each response to determine the best model suitable for the prediction of the responses. From the results obtained, the R-square values from the ANOVA table showed that the interaction model had a better prediction accuracy of 65.75%, 33.65%, 60.73% and 59.74% for the prediction of BOD, COD, turbidity and colour responses, respectively. The interaction model being the best was deployed for the generation of surface and contour plots to graphically obtain the optimal responses and factors that was utilized as a first guess to the optimization of the model and the final optimal response values obtained were 4.33mg/l, 128.9mg/l, 39.87% and 33.41% for BOD, COD, turbidity and colour, respectively at the optimal factor conditions of 5.5, 0.68g, 260mg/l, 335k and 50min for pH, dosage, initial concentration, temperature and time, respectively.","PeriodicalId":508164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":" 77","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140683956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51145
Hengjin Gao
In recent years, with the continuous development of the technical level in the field of construction, new civil engineering materials have a wide range of applications in various fields, the limitations of traditional building materials lead to the need for more sustainable and cost-effective alternative materials to meet the construction needs of civil engineering. This paper analyzes the new civil engineering materials, discusses the characteristics of high-performance concrete, new steel and composite materials, and analyzes the application strategies of new civil engineering materials in practical application fields, aiming to provide constructive suggestions for improving the construction quality of civil engineering and the application efficiency of new materials.
{"title":"Application Analysis of New Civil Engineering Materials","authors":"Hengjin Gao","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51145","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, with the continuous development of the technical level in the field of construction, new civil engineering materials have a wide range of applications in various fields, the limitations of traditional building materials lead to the need for more sustainable and cost-effective alternative materials to meet the construction needs of civil engineering. This paper analyzes the new civil engineering materials, discusses the characteristics of high-performance concrete, new steel and composite materials, and analyzes the application strategies of new civil engineering materials in practical application fields, aiming to provide constructive suggestions for improving the construction quality of civil engineering and the application efficiency of new materials.","PeriodicalId":508164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140703314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-13DOI: 10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51144
Mallipudi Devi Siva Sai, Palaparthi Prudhvi, Gollapudi M Naga Venkata Sai Gopi, Indla Ganeswara Naga Sai Ram, Mandadi Ram Sandeep, Nagababu Pachhala
Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor that poses a significant threat to patients' lives. Malignant growth is the abnormal development of cell tissue. Pancreatic illness is one of the most obvious causes of mortality across the world. Pancreatic malignant development begins in the pancreatic tissues. The pancreas secretes proteins that aid in digestion as well as hormones that direct sugar breakdown. Pancreatic cancer is typically identified in its late stages, spreads quickly, and has a terrible prognosis. Biomarkers are critical in the management of patients with invasive malignancies. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma has a dismal prognosis due to its advanced appearance and limited treatment choices. This is compounded by the lack of validated screening and predicting biomarkers for early detection and precision therapy, respectively. In this paper, we have attempted to discuss various Machine Learning methods to detect pancreatic cancer. The selected. urinary biomarkers values are provided as the input of Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extra Tree Classifier (ETC), Decision Tree (DT), and Random Forest (RF) methods. The diagnosing accuracy of pancreatic cancer using SVM, ETC, DT, and RF classifiers are 50, 82.16, 81.03, and 86 respectively. The experimental results prove that the Random Forest classifier is more feasible and promising for clinical applications for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer when compared to ETC, DT, and SVM.
{"title":"Early Detection: Machine Learning Techniques in Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis","authors":"Mallipudi Devi Siva Sai, Palaparthi Prudhvi, Gollapudi M Naga Venkata Sai Gopi, Indla Ganeswara Naga Sai Ram, Mandadi Ram Sandeep, Nagababu Pachhala","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51144","url":null,"abstract":"Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor that poses a significant threat to patients' lives. Malignant growth is the abnormal development of cell tissue. Pancreatic illness is one of the most obvious causes of mortality across the world. Pancreatic malignant development begins in the pancreatic tissues. The pancreas secretes proteins that aid in digestion as well as hormones that direct sugar breakdown. Pancreatic cancer is typically identified in its late stages, spreads quickly, and has a terrible prognosis. Biomarkers are critical in the management of patients with invasive malignancies. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma has a dismal prognosis due to its advanced appearance and limited treatment choices. This is compounded by the lack of validated screening and predicting biomarkers for early detection and precision therapy, respectively. In this paper, we have attempted to discuss various Machine Learning methods to detect pancreatic cancer. The selected. urinary biomarkers values are provided as the input of Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extra Tree Classifier (ETC), Decision Tree (DT), and Random Forest (RF) methods. The diagnosing accuracy of pancreatic cancer using SVM, ETC, DT, and RF classifiers are 50, 82.16, 81.03, and 86 respectively. The experimental results prove that the Random Forest classifier is more feasible and promising for clinical applications for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer when compared to ETC, DT, and SVM.","PeriodicalId":508164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"105 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140706708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-12DOI: 10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51142
Ming-Jong Lin
Transformer insulating oil plays an extremely important role in power transformers and is used for insulation, arc suppression, cooling and other purposes. However, its other focus is on dissolved gases analysis in the oil to monitor internal operating conditions, which is the responsibility of preventive maintenance. This paper uses the normal distribution theory and the American National Standard Specification (hereinafter referred to as ANSI/IEEE C57.104) to reorganize as a diagnostic tool. The range of each gas from three stages of the specification - normal, caution, and abnormal are incorporated to a stage of abnormal, which divide into equal different values of 1000 as the maternal body of a qualitative normal distribution. Then the benchmark is been calculated from those parameters of a qualitative normal distribution. The data of detection has to pass through "Gas chromatography” to generate dissolved gases. At last, the benchmark value compares with dissolved gases to find the abnormal probability value as a diagnostic tool in maintenance evaluation of equipment. This method was developed using EXCEL application software, and repeatedly tested and verified with examples to confirm its feasibility and high accuracy. In addition, 10 cases accident data were extracted from the literature [11], and compared with the actual maintenance results. The accuracy was 80% for ANSI/IEEE C57.104 and 90% for this probability method. Therefore, this diagnostic method can replace the traditional multi-stage judgment and be represented by a single probability value to show. Based on technology sharing, the development process is specially written into a technical article as reference by scholars and electrical maintenance personnel in the field of power engineering. Design Methods: Making a qualitative normal distribution employs EXCEL software and the discriminative rule of ANSI/IEEE C57.104. Design Purpose: As a diagnostic tool with dissolved gases in insulating oil. Design Effectiveness: Probability Method is better than traditional; it has those efficacies - the accuracy and feasibly and compete with tried and tested actual case.
{"title":"The Method of the Probability Analysis of Area with Dissolved Gases in Power Transformer Insulating Oil","authors":"Ming-Jong Lin","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51142","url":null,"abstract":"Transformer insulating oil plays an extremely important role in power transformers and is used for insulation, arc suppression, cooling and other purposes. However, its other focus is on dissolved gases analysis in the oil to monitor internal operating conditions, which is the responsibility of preventive maintenance. This paper uses the normal distribution theory and the American National Standard Specification (hereinafter referred to as ANSI/IEEE C57.104) to reorganize as a diagnostic tool. The range of each gas from three stages of the specification - normal, caution, and abnormal are incorporated to a stage of abnormal, which divide into equal different values of 1000 as the maternal body of a qualitative normal distribution. Then the benchmark is been calculated from those parameters of a qualitative normal distribution. The data of detection has to pass through \"Gas chromatography” to generate dissolved gases. At last, the benchmark value compares with dissolved gases to find the abnormal probability value as a diagnostic tool in maintenance evaluation of equipment. This method was developed using EXCEL application software, and repeatedly tested and verified with examples to confirm its feasibility and high accuracy. In addition, 10 cases accident data were extracted from the literature [11], and compared with the actual maintenance results. The accuracy was 80% for ANSI/IEEE C57.104 and 90% for this probability method. Therefore, this diagnostic method can replace the traditional multi-stage judgment and be represented by a single probability value to show. Based on technology sharing, the development process is specially written into a technical article as reference by scholars and electrical maintenance personnel in the field of power engineering. \u0000Design Methods: Making a qualitative normal distribution employs EXCEL software and the discriminative rule of ANSI/IEEE C57.104. Design Purpose: As a diagnostic tool with dissolved gases in insulating oil. Design Effectiveness: Probability Method is better than traditional; it has those efficacies - the accuracy and feasibly and compete with tried and tested actual case.","PeriodicalId":508164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140712498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-12DOI: 10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51143
Iftekhar Uddin Mullick, Khan Atik Faisal, Tarikul Islam Nishat, Prof. Dr. Engr. Muhibul Haque Bhuyan
Aims: The primary feature of this research is to design a circuit that can analyze the air around the system and determine the quality of the air. Study Design: This paper reports on the design and implementation of a portable air pollution analyzer using Arduino Uno, DSM501A dust sensor, LCD, switches, buzzer, and multiple LEDs. The air pollution analyzer system was designed using a combination of hardware and software techniques to measure air pollution properly. Place and Period of Study: The research was accomplished by the authors in a group of two students under the grasp of a professor as a part of one of his course capstone projects for the Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering degree at the American International University Bangladesh (AIUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh. The authors performed their investigative tasks at AIUB from September 2023 to February 2024. Methodology: The air pollution analyzer was implemented using an Arduino Uno and dust sensor to generate and determine accurate air quality based on specific air contents. The system that was developed used a PM10 detection system that identified the amount of dust particles in the area. Based on PM10 readings, the air quality was identified. Moreover, the Air Quality Index (AQI) was determined using the PM10 readings. The LCD, buzzer, and multiple LEDs were used to display and indicate the air quality condition and levels. Results: The portable air pollution analyzer was successfully tested and found to be accurate and reliable in determining air quality. To indicate different hazardous states of air, red, green, and yellow color LEDs are used. The test outcomes were very satisfactory. Conclusion: This system demonstrates the use of a microcontroller in building a simple yet effective portable air quality detector. It can be scaled up for commercial production.
研究目的：本研究的主要特点是设计一种能够分析系统周围空气并确定空气质量的电路。研究设计：本文报告了使用 Arduino Uno、DSM501A 灰尘传感器、LCD、开关、蜂鸣器和多个 LED 灯设计和实现的便携式空气污染分析仪。该空气污染分析仪系统的设计结合了硬件和软件技术，以正确测量空气污染。研究地点和时间：这项研究是作者在孟加拉国达卡的孟加拉国美国国际大学（AIUB）电气与电子工程理学学士学位课程的一个毕业设计项目中，在一名教授的指导下，由两名学生组成的小组完成的。作者于 2023 年 9 月至 2024 年 2 月在 AIUB 完成了调查任务。研究方法：空气污染分析仪是使用 Arduino Uno 和灰尘传感器实现的，可根据特定的空气含量生成并确定准确的空气质量。所开发的系统使用 PM10 检测系统来识别该地区的灰尘颗粒数量。根据 PM10 的读数，可以确定空气质量。此外，空气质量指数（AQI）也是通过 PM10 读数确定的。液晶显示屏、蜂鸣器和多个 LED 灯用于显示和指示空气质量状况和水平。结果便携式空气污染分析仪测试成功，在确定空气质量方面准确可靠。为了显示空气中不同的有害状态，使用了红色、绿色和黄色 LED 灯。测试结果非常令人满意。结论该系统展示了如何使用微控制器制造简单而有效的便携式空气质量检测器。它可以扩大规模，进行商业生产。
{"title":"Portable Air Quality Detector Using DSM501A Dust Sensor and Arduino Uno","authors":"Iftekhar Uddin Mullick, Khan Atik Faisal, Tarikul Islam Nishat, Prof. Dr. Engr. Muhibul Haque Bhuyan","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51143","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The primary feature of this research is to design a circuit that can analyze the air around the system and determine the quality of the air. \u0000Study Design: This paper reports on the design and implementation of a portable air pollution analyzer using Arduino Uno, DSM501A dust sensor, LCD, switches, buzzer, and multiple LEDs. The air pollution analyzer system was designed using a combination of hardware and software techniques to measure air pollution properly. \u0000Place and Period of Study: The research was accomplished by the authors in a group of two students under the grasp of a professor as a part of one of his course capstone projects for the Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering degree at the American International University Bangladesh (AIUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh. The authors performed their investigative tasks at AIUB from September 2023 to February 2024. \u0000Methodology: The air pollution analyzer was implemented using an Arduino Uno and dust sensor to generate and determine accurate air quality based on specific air contents. The system that was developed used a PM10 detection system that identified the amount of dust particles in the area. Based on PM10 readings, the air quality was identified. Moreover, the Air Quality Index (AQI) was determined using the PM10 readings. The LCD, buzzer, and multiple LEDs were used to display and indicate the air quality condition and levels. \u0000Results: The portable air pollution analyzer was successfully tested and found to be accurate and reliable in determining air quality. To indicate different hazardous states of air, red, green, and yellow color LEDs are used. The test outcomes were very satisfactory. \u0000Conclusion: This system demonstrates the use of a microcontroller in building a simple yet effective portable air quality detector. It can be scaled up for commercial production.","PeriodicalId":508164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"75 S6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51140
Jiafeng Miao
Large submersible deep-water vehicles have become the key equipment for global exploration of the ocean. As one of the core components of underwater equipment, underwater pressure tanks protect internal devices from huge water pressure on the one hand, and are also the main supplier of underwater buoyancy on the other hand. Compared with metal materials, the designability of composite materials can provide researchers with a variety of structural methods. In this paper, a new type of double-layer pressure tank is proposed, the influence of structural size on the critical load of the pressure tank is explored, and a grid structure is designed to optimize the stability of the large-size pressure tank. The feasibility is proved by finite element analysis experiments.
{"title":"Analysis of Laminated Composite Based Deep-water Pressure Tank","authors":"Jiafeng Miao","doi":"10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51140","url":null,"abstract":"Large submersible deep-water vehicles have become the key equipment for global exploration of the ocean. As one of the core components of underwater equipment, underwater pressure tanks protect internal devices from huge water pressure on the one hand, and are also the main supplier of underwater buoyancy on the other hand. Compared with metal materials, the designability of composite materials can provide researchers with a variety of structural methods. In this paper, a new type of double-layer pressure tank is proposed, the influence of structural size on the critical load of the pressure tank is explored, and a grid structure is designed to optimize the stability of the large-size pressure tank. The feasibility is proved by finite element analysis experiments.","PeriodicalId":508164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","volume":"40 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140721377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51139
O. Obot, Peter G. Obike, Imaobong James
The stress of marking assessment scripts of many candidates often results in fatigue that could lead to low productivity and reduced consistency. In most cases, candidates use words, phrases and sentences that are synonyms or related in meaning to those stated in the marking scheme, however, examiners rely solely on the exact words specified in the marking scheme. This often leads to inconsistent grading and in most cases, candidates are disadvantaged. This study seeks to address these inconsistencies during assessment by evaluating the marked answer scripts and the marking scheme of Introduction to File Processing (CSC 221) from the Department of Computer Science, University of Uyo, Nigeria. These were collected and used with the Microsoft Research Paraphrase (MSRP) corpus. After preprocessing the datasets, they were subjected to Logistic Regression (LR), a machine learning technique where the semantic similarity of the answers of the candidates was measured in relation to the marking scheme of the examiner using the MSRP corpus model earlier trained on the Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) vectorization. Results of the experiment show a strong correlation coefficient of 0.89 and a Mean Relative Error (MRE) of 0.59 compared with the scores awarded by the human marker (examiner). Analysis of the error indicates that block marks were assigned to answers in the marking scheme while the automated marking system breaks the block marks into chunks based on phrases both in the marking scheme and the candidates’ answers. It also shows that some semantically related words were ignored by the examiner.
为众多考生评卷的压力往往会导致疲劳，从而导致工作效率低下和一致性降低。在大多数情况下，考生使用的单词、短语和句子与评分标准中规定的单词、短语和句子是同义词或意思相关，但考官却完全依赖评分标准中规定的确切单词。这往往导致评分不一致，在大多数情况下，考生处于不利地位。本研究试图通过评估尼日利亚乌约大学计算机科学系《文件处理入门》（CSC 221）课程的答卷评分和评分标准来解决评估过程中的不一致问题。这些数据被收集起来，并与 Microsoft Research Paraphrase (MSRP) 语料库一起使用。对数据集进行预处理后，对其进行了机器学习技术 Logistic Regression (LR)，利用 MSRP 语料库模型，结合考官的评分标准测量考生答案的语义相似性，该模型先前在术语频率-反向文档频率 (TF-IDF) 矢量化中进行过训练。实验结果表明，与人工阅卷员（考官）给出的分数相比，相关系数为 0.89，平均相对误差为 0.59。对误差的分析表明，在评分标准中，整块分数是分配给答案的，而自动评分系统则根据评分标准和考生答案中的短语将整块分数分成若干块。分析还表明，考官忽略了一些语义相关的词语。
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Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51138
Md. Asif Iqbal, Tarifuzzaman Riyad, Habib Un Nabi Polash, S. M. O. U. Sohrab, Shuvra Mondal
Wearable physiological signal monitoring systems hold notable potential in the future of personal healthcare by seamlessly integrating into daily life, providing continuous monitoring, and aiding in the early detection of health issues. This research presents a wearable health monitoring glove, with a focus on cost-effectiveness while maintaining efficiency for developing countries. The wearable glove can track vital physiological indicators like Blood Pressure, Body Temperature, Glucose level, Blood Oxygen Saturation, Hemoglobin level, ECG, Room Temperature, Humidity, and Motion Tracking. A user-friendly interface facilitates easy interaction, while efforts in energy-efficient design and power management aim to prolong battery life. Also, real-time data monitoring ensures precision in signal analysis and the extraction of vital health data of individuals. The proposed wearable hand glove utilizes a collection of sensors and integrates them towards the diverse detection of skin humidity, temperature, blood oxygen, hemoglobin, etc. non-invasively. Apart from its technical features, the research explores potential applications in healthcare, fitness tracking, and research fields, presenting a versatile solution. Beyond its technical attributes, the research explores potential applications in medical and personal healthcare, fitness tracking, sports, etc. Collaborative efforts with regulatory bodies assess the feasibility of obtaining necessary approvals or certifications, while scalability considerations pave the way for potential mass production and market deployment.
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