Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications最新文献_第6页

Design and application of memristive emotion-driven behavior circuit influenced by reward and punishment mechanisms 奖惩机制影响下记忆性情绪驱动行为回路的设计与应用

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156175

Mi Lin, Xuanxuan Zhou, Chong Zhang, Jiapan Wang

Emotion is a psychological state triggered by the presentation, cessation, or absence of reward or punishment stimuli, and can also be seen as a set of responses elicited by instrumental reinforcers, where rewards and punishments serve as such stimuli to provoke emotional reactions. Emotions are integral to human cognition and behavior, serving as a driving force for various physical actions. This study presents a memristive emotion-driven behavior circuit, designed to simulate the influence of reward and punishment mechanisms on emotional and behavioral responses. The Self-Responding Emotional Behavior (SEB) model is employed to explain the generation of emotions, motivational behaviors, and the neural mechanisms underlying these processes. The circuit replicates how rewards, punishments, and other reinforcers modulate emotional responses, facilitating the generation of emotion-driven behaviors, the formation of associative emotional reactions, and the expression of emotions triggered by environmental stimuli. Ultimately, this memristive circuit is intended for integration into the emotion module of interactive robots, providing a reference for enhancing robots’ emotional responses to external stimuli. This work contributes to the development of robots capable of emotional expression and responsive interaction with humans.

情绪是一种由奖励或惩罚刺激的呈现、停止或缺失引发的心理状态，也可以被视为工具性强化物引发的一系列反应，其中奖励和惩罚作为刺激来引发情绪反应。情绪是人类认知和行为不可或缺的一部分，是各种身体行为的驱动力。本研究提出一个记忆性情绪驱动行为回路，旨在模拟奖惩机制对情绪和行为反应的影响。自我反应情绪行为（SEB）模型被用来解释情绪的产生、动机行为以及这些过程背后的神经机制。该回路复制了奖励、惩罚和其他强化物如何调节情绪反应，促进了情绪驱动行为的产生，联想情绪反应的形成，以及由环境刺激引发的情绪表达。最终，该记忆电路将集成到交互式机器人的情感模块中，为增强机器人对外部刺激的情感反应提供参考。这项工作有助于开发能够表达情感和与人类互动的机器人。

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引用次数: 0

DFnT based Orthogonal Time Chirp Space modulation over time-varying channels 时变信道上基于DFnT的正交时间啁啾空间调制

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156170

Heng Xiong, Jiaojiao Liu, Nan Sun, Biyun Ma

This paper proposes an Orthogonal Time Chirp Space (OTCS) system based on discrete Fresnel transform (DFnT). The novelty lies in modulating data symbols in the delay-Fresnel Doppler plane onto the two-dimensional (2D) complex chirped carriers, thereby utilizing the interference resistance of the chirp waves to improve system performance. Since a combination of inverse DFnT and discrete Fourier transform is adopted, the DFnT-OTCS system incurs minimal additional complexity compared to Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS). In addition, their equivalent channel matrices are proved the same sparsity. Simulation results over time-varying channels demonstrate under high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions, DFnT-OTCS outperforms OTFS and discrete fractional Fourier transform (DFrFT)-OTCS in terms of bit error rate (BER), especially in high speed applications.

提出了一种基于离散菲涅耳变换（DFnT）的正交时间啁啾空间（OTCS）系统。新颖之处在于将延迟菲涅耳多普勒平面中的数据符号调制到二维（2D）复杂啁啾载波上，从而利用啁啾波的抗干扰性来提高系统性能。由于采用了DFnT逆变换和离散傅里叶变换的组合，与正交时频空间（OTFS）相比，DFnT- otcs系统的额外复杂性最小。此外，还证明了它们的等价信道矩阵具有相同的稀疏性。时变信道的仿真结果表明，在高信噪比（SNR）条件下，dfint -OTCS在误码率（BER）方面优于OTFS和离散分数阶傅立叶变换(DFrFT)-OTCS，特别是在高速应用中。

引用次数: 0

A wideband filtering antenna for wearable applications with high suppression level 一种用于高抑制水平可穿戴应用的宽带滤波天线

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156167

Yong-Dan Kong, Xu-Cheng Zhang, Qing-Xin Chu

A wideband wearable filtering antenna with high suppression level is proposed in this paper. The antenna comprises a radiating patch and a T-shaped strip. A split-ring slot is introduced into the patch, producing a radiation null

f_{n 1}

within the lower stopband. Moreover, by extending the patch width and adding symmetric vertical slots, the TM₀₂ mode is shifted downward toward the passband, creating the second radiation null

f_{n 2}

. The third radiation null

f_{n 3}

is achieved by incorporating the T-shaped strip. A horizontal slot is embedded within the split-ring slot to enhance high-frequency suppression level. In addition, the introduction of the split-ring slot and T-shaped strip efficiently improves the bandwidth of the antenna. The antenna maintains a steady gain of

5.5 \pm 0.4

dB across its broad impedance bandwidth of 26.4% (2.93–3.88 GHz), while achieving a suppression level exceeding 31.4 dB. What is more, the antenna uses flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the substrate. This enables the antenna to be more easily integrated into wearable devices. A prototype has been fabricated to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed design.

提出了一种高抑制电平的宽带可穿戴滤波天线。天线包括辐射贴片和t形条。在贴片中引入一个劈裂环槽，在下阻带内产生一个辐射零fn1。此外，通过扩展贴片宽度和增加对称的垂直插槽，TM02模式向下移动到通带，产生第二辐射零fn2。第三个辐射零fn3是通过合并t形带来实现的。在分环槽内嵌入水平槽，提高高频抑制水平。此外，分环槽和t形带的引入有效地提高了天线的带宽。该天线在26.4% （2.93-3.88 GHz）的宽阻抗带宽范围内保持了5.5±0.4 dB的稳定增益，同时实现了超过31.4 dB的抑制电平。此外，该天线采用柔性聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）作为衬底。这使得天线更容易集成到可穿戴设备中。制作了一个原型来验证所提出设计的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Design and analysis of a self-interference-free QR decomposition-based GFDM system under generalized α–η–κ–μ fading channels for next-generation wireless applications 广义α -η -κ -μ衰落信道下基于自抗干扰QR分解的GFDM系统设计与分析

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156168

Naga Siva Prasad Bodempudi, Ashvini Chaturvedi, Rashmi H., Muralidhar Kulkarni

Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing is a potential multicarrier waveform designed to meet the diverse requirements of beyond 5G (B5G)/6G systems. However, its non-orthogonal design leads to intrinsic self-interference, such as inter-subsymbol and inter-subcarrier interference. This paper proposes a QR decomposition (QRD)-based GFDM transceiver using a direct current shift–triangular raised cosine filter to eradicate self-interference. Proposed QRD-GFDM ensures orthogonality among subsymbols and subcarriers, enabling interference-free pilot insertion, reliable data transmission, and accurate channel estimation. Analytical symbol error rate expressions for QRD-GFDM with M-PSK and M-QAM under generalized

α

–

η

–

κ

–

μ

fading are derived and validated for various channel conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that QRD-GFDM outperforms conventional GFDM by eradicating self-interference, enhancing channel estimation, and delivering robust performance in fading environments, making it a potential waveform for next-generation wireless applications.

广义频分复用是一种潜在的多载波波形，旨在满足超5G (B5G)/6G系统的各种需求。然而，其非正交设计导致了固有的自干扰，如子符号间干扰和子载波间干扰。本文提出了一种基于QR分解（QRD）的GFDM收发器，该收发器采用直流移位三角上升余弦滤波器来消除自干扰。提出的QRD-GFDM确保子符号和子载波之间的正交性，从而实现无干扰导频插入、可靠的数据传输和准确的信道估计。推导了广义α -η -κ -μ衰落条件下具有M-PSK和M-QAM的QRD-GFDM的解析符号误码率表达式，并在各种信道条件下进行了验证。仿真结果表明，QRD-GFDM优于传统的GFDM，消除了自干扰，增强了信道估计，并在衰落环境中提供了强大的性能，使其成为下一代无线应用的潜在波形。

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引用次数: 0

An improved boolean differential evolution algorithm and its application in design of broadband terahertz absorber based on concentric graphene rings 一种改进的布尔差分进化算法及其在基于同心石墨烯环的宽带太赫兹吸收器设计中的应用

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156166

Xingning Jia , Ting Wen , Guoche Qin , Liao Ma , Siye Wu , Meng Wang

The sandwich-type metamaterial absorber (MA) based on discretely patterned graphene has potential for broadband absorption in the terahertz (THz) region. In this paper, a broadband THz MA with concentric graphene rings is designed using an improved boolean differential evolutionary (IBDE) algorithm, which is based on three strategies for improvement, including the identification of the optimal control parameters using the Taguchi method, the Taguchi crossover operator, and a restarting strategy. The performance of the IBDE has been validated against 23 benchmark functions, demonstrating impressive capabilities in both convergence speed and local search. The designed MA, which is backed by a thin film of vanadium dioxide, has the ability to switch between functioning as an absorber and acting as a transparent insulating dielectric. Moreover, the equivalent conductivity of the patterned graphene is also derived to establish the equivalent circuit model of the designed MA. The proposed IBDE shows promise for designing high-dimensional discrete graphene patterns aimed at broadband absorption applications.

基于离散图案石墨烯的三明治型超材料吸收体（MA）在太赫兹（THz）区域具有宽带吸收的潜力。本文采用改进的布尔微分进化（IBDE）算法设计了一种同轴石墨烯环的宽带太赫兹磁放大器，该算法基于三种改进策略，包括使用田口方法识别最优控制参数、田口交叉算子和重启策略。IBDE的性能已经通过23个基准函数进行了验证，在收敛速度和局部搜索方面都表现出令人印象深刻的能力。设计的MA由二氧化钒薄膜支撑，具有在吸收剂和透明绝缘介质之间转换的能力。此外，还推导了图像化石墨烯的等效电导率，建立了所设计MA的等效电路模型。所提出的IBDE显示出设计高维离散石墨烯模式的希望，旨在宽带吸收应用。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced dual-population collaborative evolutionary mechanism assisted by EoD learning for optimization of MBRA design 基于EoD学习的双种群协同进化机制优化MBRA设计

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156164

Weibin Kong , Xiaoyu Zhang , Zhongqing Fang , Weidong Li , Lei Wang , Wenwen Yang , Rugang Wang , Ke Gong

The multilayer broadband radar absorber optimization problem (MBRAOP) is characterized as a mixed-variable multimodal multiobjective optimization problem (MVMMOP) in real-world applications. This paper proposes a novel approach called HEDA-DulMVMO to solve the MBRAOP. The method introduces an enhanced dual-population cooperative evolutionary mechanism to balance convergence and diversity in both the discrete decision space and the objective space. Additionally, the histogram-based estimation of distribution (EoD) model is employed to generate high-quality auxiliary evolutionary populations. The performance of the proposed approach is validated on the designed MVMMOP benchmark problems. Final optimization and evaluation are conducted on the multilayer broadband radar absorber (MBRA) for configurations ranging from 2 to 7 layers, with incident angles from 0°to 75°across five critical frequency bands. Experimental results on both the benchmark problems and the MBRA demonstrate the effectiveness and competitiveness of the proposed approach.

多层宽带雷达吸波器优化问题（MBRAOP）在实际应用中具有混合变量多模态多目标优化问题（MVMMOP）的特点。本文提出了一种新的方法HEDA-DulMVMO来解决MBRAOP问题。该方法引入了一种增强的双种群合作进化机制，以平衡离散决策空间和目标空间的收敛性和多样性。此外，采用基于直方图的分布估计（EoD）模型生成高质量的辅助进化种群。在设计的MVMMOP基准问题上验证了该方法的性能。最后对2 ~ 7层、5个关键频段入射角0 ~ 75°的多层宽带雷达吸收体（MBRA）进行了优化和评估。在基准问题和MBRA上的实验结果表明了该方法的有效性和竞争力。

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引用次数: 0

A novel 2-D pattern reconfigurable array using beamforming networks and reconfigurable antenna array 一种利用波束形成网络和可重构天线阵列的二维方向图可重构阵列

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156120

Tian-Gui Huang , Sa Yang , Fu-Chang Chen , Kai-Ran Xiang , Ming-Yang Su

This paper presents a novel methodology for designing a two-dimensional (2-D) pattern reconfigurable array. The design integrates a conventional 4 × 4 Butler matrix with a reconfigurable antenna array to achieve two-dimensional beamforming capabilities. Beamforming in one dimension is accomplished via the 4 × 4 Butler matrix, while in the other orthogonal direction, beam steering is achieved through the use of two pairs of metal walls vertically placed on both sides of the driven antenna elements. Each pair of metal walls is loaded with a PIN diode at the center, accompanied by its DC biasing feeding network. By controlling the different states of the switching PIN diodes loaded between the metal walls, the beam steering characteristic can be obtained. An experimental antenna is designed and manufactured to validate this approach. When the antenna is excited from various ports, it yields four distinct radiation orientations within the

x o z

plane. For each port activation, the antenna exhibits three unique radiation patterns, resulting in three different radiation directions in the plane orthogonal to the

x o z

plane. This configuration ultimately realizes 2-D beam scanning, encompassing a total of twelve directions.

本文提出了一种设计二维方向图可重构阵列的新方法。该设计集成了传统的4 × 4巴特勒矩阵和可重构天线阵列，以实现二维波束形成能力。一维波束形成是通过4 × 4 Butler矩阵实现的，而在另一个正交方向上，波束转向是通过使用垂直放置在驱动天线单元两侧的两对金属壁来实现的。每对金属壁的中心都装有一个PIN二极管，并配有直流偏置馈电网络。通过控制加载在金属壁之间的开关PIN二极管的不同状态，可以获得光束的转向特性。设计并制作了实验天线来验证该方法。当天线从不同的端口被激发时，它在xoz平面内产生四种不同的辐射方向。对于每个端口激活，天线呈现三种独特的辐射方向图，导致在与xoz平面正交的平面上有三种不同的辐射方向。这种配置最终实现了二维光束扫描，共包括十二个方向。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of gain–efficiency relationship in a wideband rectenna for RF-powered IoT devices 射频供电物联网设备宽带整流天线增益效率关系分析

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156158

Yassmeen M. Afify , Ahmed Allam , Haruichi Kanaya , Adel B. Abdelrahman

This paper investigates the impact of antenna gain on RF-to-DC power conversion efficiency (PCE) and sensitivity in a compact, wideband rectenna. We propose an asymmetric-arm I-slot (AAIS) antenna used in two configurations: (1) low-gain standalone, and (2) high-gain with a metallic reflecting surface (MRS) spaced at 0.15λ₀ beneath the ground plane. Both configurations use the same single-stage voltage-doubler (VD) rectifier and load, enabling a controlled comparison. The MRS-backed AAIS achieves a peak gain of 9.2 dBi and an 840 MHz (22.2 %) bandwidth (3.36–4.20 GHz) while using a single radiating element. Compared with the low-gain variant, the high-gain rectenna delivers a 20 % absolute PCE improvement (60 % at 2 dBm vs. ∼ 40 % at 4 dBm) and reproduces the low-gain peak PCE at − 11 dBm (15 dB lower). The high-gain design also yields higher and more stable DC output (1.25 V at 0 dBm, 3.6 GHz, ±0.1 V across 3.5–4.0 GHz) and maintains usable DC (>0.5 V) down to − 7.5 dBm. These results demonstrate that a reflector-enhanced, single-element AAIS rectenna achieves simultaneous wideband operation, high efficiency, and improved low-power sensitivity for RF energy harvesting and WPT.

本文研究了天线增益对射频-直流功率转换效率（PCE）和灵敏度的影响。我们提出了一种用于两种配置的非对称臂i -槽（AAIS）天线：(1)低增益独立，(2)高增益，金属反射面（MRS）在地平面下方0.15λ0的间隔。两种配置都使用相同的单级倍压（VD）整流器和负载，从而实现可控的比较。当使用单个辐射元件时，mrs支持的AAIS实现了9.2 dBi的峰值增益和840mhz（22.2%）的带宽（3.36-4.20 GHz）。与低增益变型相比，高增益整流天线提供了20%的绝对PCE改善（2 dBm时为60%，而4 dBm时为~ 40%），并再现了- 11 dBm时的低增益峰值PCE（低15 dB）。高增益设计还可以产生更高和更稳定的直流输出（0 dBm时1.25 V, 3.6 GHz, 3.5-4.0 GHz时±0.1 V），并保持可用直流（>0.5 V）低至- 7.5 dBm。这些结果表明，反射器增强的单元件AAIS天线可以同时实现宽带工作、高效率和改进的低功耗灵敏度，用于射频能量收集和WPT。

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引用次数: 0

Research on joint optimization of rate and energy harvesting in STAR-RIS-empowered SWIPT system 基于star - ris的SWIPT系统速率与能量收集联合优化研究

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156165

Xiaojuan Bai, Caixia Liang, Tianxiang Liu, Ao Gao

In this paper, we investigate a simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS)-assisted downlink multi-user (MU) simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system to overcome the performance limitations of SWIPT system caused by environmental factors and the deployment constraints of traditional RIS. We adopt a practical non-linear energy harvesting (EH) model and design a resource allocation algorithm for SWIPT systems. By applying the energy splitting (ES) protocol of STAR-RIS, we aim to improve both the transmission rate and EH. Therefore, we formulate a multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP) to simultaneously maximize both the weighted sum rate and EH, by jointly optimizing the base station (BS) beamforming, STAR-RIS coefficient matrices, and power splitting (PS) ratio. To address the non-convexity and variable coupling, an efficient alternating optimization (AO) algorithm integrating fractional programming (FP) and semidefinite relaxation (SDR) is proposed, which decomposes the original problem into three tractable subproblems solved iteratively. Simulation results indicate favorable convergence behavior of the proposed algorithm and achieve substantial performance gains facilitated by the STAR-RIS. The proposed scheme outperforms benchmark schemes in both sum rate and EH, thereby providing theoretical support for the design of future energy-efficient communication networks.

本文研究了一种同时发射和反射可重构智能表面（STAR-RIS）辅助下行多用户（MU）同步无线信息和电力传输（SWIPT）系统，以克服环境因素和传统RIS部署约束对SWIPT系统性能的限制。采用一种实用的非线性能量收集模型，设计了一种用于SWIPT系统的资源分配算法。采用STAR-RIS的能量分裂（ES）协议，旨在提高传输速率和EH。因此，我们通过联合优化基站（BS）波束形成、STAR-RIS系数矩阵和功率分割（PS）比，制定了同时最大化加权和速率和EH的多目标优化问题（MOOP）。为了解决非凸性和变量耦合问题，提出了一种结合分数规划和半定松弛的交替优化算法，将原问题分解为三个可处理的子问题，迭代求解。仿真结果表明，该算法具有良好的收敛性能，并在STAR-RIS的推动下实现了显著的性能提升。该方案在和速率和EH方面均优于基准方案，为未来节能通信网络的设计提供理论支持。

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引用次数: 0

Design and optimization of a 1–7.8 GHz wideband low noise amplifier with 2 dB noise figure 噪声系数为2 dB的1-7.8 GHz宽带低噪声放大器的设计与优化

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156163

Muhammad Hashim, Zhiqun Li, Qin Li, Weiwen Lin

An ultra-wideband balun low-noise amplifier (LNA) operating from 1 to 7.8 GHz is proposed for multi-standard wireless applications. The architecture integrates a g_m-boosted common-source (CS) amplifier with a common-gate common-source (CG–CS) balun to enable single-to-differential signal conversion. A complementary nMOS-pMOS configuration is employed to enhance transconductance, reduce noise, and improve gain. A cross-coupled balancing circuit (CBC) is incorporated in the load to provide noise cancellation along with gain and phase correction. Wideband input matching is achieved through the combination of a resistive feedback buffer (RFB) and a series on-chip inductor L_g. Theoretical analysis, closed-form expressions, and simulation results demonstrate that the CBC improves the noise figure (NF), while the RFB and L_g enable effective input impedance matching. The LNA was fabricated using the TSMC 40-nm CMOS process, and measured results show a gain of 18.5 dB and an NF ranging from 2 to 3 dB. Additional performance metrics include an input 1-dB compression point (IP1dB) of −17 dBm, an input third-order intercept point (IIP3) of −1 dBm at 4 GHz, and S₁₁ less than −10 dB across the 1–7.8 GHz band. The design consumes 12 mA from a 1.2 V supply and occupies an active chip area of 0.16 mm².

提出了一种工作频率为1 ~ 7.8 GHz的超宽带平衡低噪声放大器（LNA），用于多标准无线应用。该架构集成了一个通用升压共源（CS）放大器和一个共门共源（CG-CS）平衡器，以实现单差分信号转换。采用互补的nMOS-pMOS结构来增强跨导性、降低噪声和提高增益。交叉耦合平衡电路（CBC）集成在负载中，以提供噪声消除以及增益和相位校正。宽带输入匹配是通过电阻反馈缓冲器（RFB）和串联片上电感器Lg的组合实现的。理论分析、封闭表达式和仿真结果表明，CBC提高了噪声系数（NF），而RFB和Lg实现了有效的输入阻抗匹配。LNA采用台积电40纳米CMOS工艺制作，测量结果显示增益为18.5 dB， NF范围为2 ~ 3 dB。其他性能指标包括输入1-dB压缩点（IP1dB）为- 17 dBm，输入三阶截距点（IIP3）为- 1 dBm， 1- 7.8 GHz频段的S11小于- 10 dB。该设计从1.2 V电源消耗12 mA，占用0.16 mm2的有源芯片面积。

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引用次数: 0