Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.001
T. Kusuminda, A. Mannakkara, K. Ukuwela, S. Kruskop, C. Amarasinghe, Uttam Saikia, P. Venugopal, Mathisha Karunarathna, R. Gamage, M. Ruedi, G. Csorba, W. Yapa, Bruce D. Patterson
The genus Miniopterus is a monophyletic assemblage of many species characterized by remarkably conservative morphology. The number of recognized species has more than doubled over the last two decades, mainly with newly recognized Afrotropical and Malagasy species. A molecular phylogenetic analysis based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) revealed a monophyletic clade of Miniopterus from Sri Lanka and southern India that is distinct from the other known taxa of this genus. The mean uncorrected pairwise sequence divergence among the three gene sequences of this new Miniopterus lineage was 0.83% (range 0.4–1.2%) and between this and other sampled taxa was 12.7% (range 8.5–15.9%). This lineage was also distinctive in craniodental morphometrics and hence it is herein described as a new species. The newly described species is easily distinguished by its external and cranial dimensions from its smaller (M. pusillus) and larger (M. magnater) congeners in India and Sri Lanka. It is also somewhat smaller than M. fuliginosus in both external and cranial dimensions. This is the first description of a new Miniopterus species from Asia in six decades and from India and Sri Lanka in eight decades. Our study highlights the importance of using both genetic and morphometric analyses in taxonomic studies on South Asian bats.
{"title":"DNA Barcoding and Morphological Analyses Reveal a Cryptic Species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka","authors":"T. Kusuminda, A. Mannakkara, K. Ukuwela, S. Kruskop, C. Amarasinghe, Uttam Saikia, P. Venugopal, Mathisha Karunarathna, R. Gamage, M. Ruedi, G. Csorba, W. Yapa, Bruce D. Patterson","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.001","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Miniopterus is a monophyletic assemblage of many species characterized by remarkably conservative morphology. The number of recognized species has more than doubled over the last two decades, mainly with newly recognized Afrotropical and Malagasy species. A molecular phylogenetic analysis based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) revealed a monophyletic clade of Miniopterus from Sri Lanka and southern India that is distinct from the other known taxa of this genus. The mean uncorrected pairwise sequence divergence among the three gene sequences of this new Miniopterus lineage was 0.83% (range 0.4–1.2%) and between this and other sampled taxa was 12.7% (range 8.5–15.9%). This lineage was also distinctive in craniodental morphometrics and hence it is herein described as a new species. The newly described species is easily distinguished by its external and cranial dimensions from its smaller (M. pusillus) and larger (M. magnater) congeners in India and Sri Lanka. It is also somewhat smaller than M. fuliginosus in both external and cranial dimensions. This is the first description of a new Miniopterus species from Asia in six decades and from India and Sri Lanka in eight decades. Our study highlights the importance of using both genetic and morphometric analyses in taxonomic studies on South Asian bats.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43613955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.011
R. Gregorin, Arhtur Tahara, M. Mancini, K. Lobão, L. Oliveira, V. Tavares
Richness is a key variable for understanding biodiversity, and estimates of species occurrence should be as comprehensive as possible and based on reliable records. The employment of diversified methods to be able to detect species, and of adequate sampling efforts is crucial for estimating the richness of bats occurring in highly complex tropical forests. We herein analyzed the richness of bats from one of the largest remnants of the semideciduous Atlantic Forest from Southeastern Brazil, the state conservation park called Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (PERD), based on data from the 1990s and from 2012 to 2016. Based on mixed sampling techniques, including ground-level and canopy nets, acoustic surveys, and roost searching we have revealed that this single state reserve of PERD has the highest bat richness recorded to date among semideciduous Atlantic Forest locations. A total of 54 bat species have been recorded for PERD, including two recently described species from the genera Thyroptera (Thyropteridae) and Eumops (Molossidae). Our data reinforce the value of diversifying sampling methods and the role of PERD as key area for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest biome.
丰富程度是了解生物多样性的一个关键变量，对物种发生的估计应尽可能全面，并基于可靠的记录。采用多样化的方法来检测物种，并进行充分的采样，对于估计高度复杂的热带森林中蝙蝠的丰富度至关重要。在此，我们根据20世纪90年代和2012年至2016年的数据，分析了巴西东南部半独立大西洋森林最大的遗迹之一，名为Parque Estadial do Rio Doce（PERD）的国家保护公园蝙蝠的丰富度。基于混合采样技术，包括地面和遮篷网、声学调查和栖息地搜索，我们发现，这个PERD的单一州保护区是迄今为止记录的半熟大西洋森林中蝙蝠丰富度最高的地区。共有54种蝙蝠物种被记录为PERD，其中包括最近描述的两种蝙蝠，分别属于Thyroptera属（Thyropteriae）和Eumops属（Molossidae）。我们的数据强化了多样化采样方法的价值，以及PERD作为大西洋森林生物群落保护关键领域的作用。
{"title":"Mixed Sampling Methods Reveal Elevated Bat Richness in a Semideciduous Atlantic Forest Remnant","authors":"R. Gregorin, Arhtur Tahara, M. Mancini, K. Lobão, L. Oliveira, V. Tavares","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.011","url":null,"abstract":"Richness is a key variable for understanding biodiversity, and estimates of species occurrence should be as comprehensive as possible and based on reliable records. The employment of diversified methods to be able to detect species, and of adequate sampling efforts is crucial for estimating the richness of bats occurring in highly complex tropical forests. We herein analyzed the richness of bats from one of the largest remnants of the semideciduous Atlantic Forest from Southeastern Brazil, the state conservation park called Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (PERD), based on data from the 1990s and from 2012 to 2016. Based on mixed sampling techniques, including ground-level and canopy nets, acoustic surveys, and roost searching we have revealed that this single state reserve of PERD has the highest bat richness recorded to date among semideciduous Atlantic Forest locations. A total of 54 bat species have been recorded for PERD, including two recently described species from the genera Thyroptera (Thyropteridae) and Eumops (Molossidae). Our data reinforce the value of diversifying sampling methods and the role of PERD as key area for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest biome.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43814907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.017
C. N. Martín-Regalado, S. C. Pedersen, M. Lavariega
Reports of hair loss in bats in the wild are scarce and have not been summarized. We performed a literature review to summarize the affected species, prevalence, clinic diagnostics, and factors that cause alopecia in bats. We found only 28 studies that reported alopecia in 26 species of bats, within five families. Together, these studies examined 10,186 bats, of which 10.8% had alopecia, with a sex bias to females (3:1). Most studies did not identify a specific ethologic agent responsible for the hair loss. However, alopecia was attributed to five non-exclusive causes: endocrine factors related to reproduction and lactation, ectoparasites, the ingestion of toxins, and environmental stress. In the latter, anthropogenic stressors are of increasing concern — the incidence of alopecia in urban areas reflects reproductive stress, limited food availability, roost disturbance, and pollution in these poor-quality environments. Better reporting of alopecia in bats would help us better understand this pathology and to precisely measure environmental stress in these animals.
{"title":"Alopecia in Bats","authors":"C. N. Martín-Regalado, S. C. Pedersen, M. Lavariega","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.017","url":null,"abstract":"Reports of hair loss in bats in the wild are scarce and have not been summarized. We performed a literature review to summarize the affected species, prevalence, clinic diagnostics, and factors that cause alopecia in bats. We found only 28 studies that reported alopecia in 26 species of bats, within five families. Together, these studies examined 10,186 bats, of which 10.8% had alopecia, with a sex bias to females (3:1). Most studies did not identify a specific ethologic agent responsible for the hair loss. However, alopecia was attributed to five non-exclusive causes: endocrine factors related to reproduction and lactation, ectoparasites, the ingestion of toxins, and environmental stress. In the latter, anthropogenic stressors are of increasing concern — the incidence of alopecia in urban areas reflects reproductive stress, limited food availability, roost disturbance, and pollution in these poor-quality environments. Better reporting of alopecia in bats would help us better understand this pathology and to precisely measure environmental stress in these animals.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45949326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2022.24.1.013
R. Schorr, Michael D. Matthews, Bailey A. Hoover
When white-nose syndrome arrived in eastern North America, bat colonies declined at an alarming rate and the large-scale mortality events were obvious at caves and mines. However, there is concern that the disease and its impacts will be more difficult to detect in western North America where there are fewer winter roosts with thousands of bats. Thus, documenting and responding to precipitous declines will be more challenging. To allow population-level monitoring, western biologists and land managers need to expand search efforts for colonies. One roosting resource that is under-sampled is cliffs, and although we know bats roost along cliffs, biologists know little about roost-site characteristics or the colonies that reside there. Two methods of identifying bat roosts along cliff systems are to collaborate with rock-climbing citizen scientists who report bat encounters, and another is to conduct rock-climbing surveys for bats. We conducted acoustic surveys, thermal videography, and climber-based surveys along the Front Range of northern Colorado, USA, to find bats and describe their roosting habitat. We climbed 48 routes and located two roosts, and received an additional citizen-science record of a third roost. Bats use cracks that were east facing and approximately 12 m above the ground. Climber-based surveys can locate bats and roosting habitat along cliffs, and identify large colonies to be monitored. Targeting climber-based surveys in areas with recreational-climbing citizen-science records may increase the likelihood of finding bat roosts and bat colonies.
{"title":"Finding Bat Roosts along Cliffs: Using Rock Climbing Surveys to Identify Roosting Habitat of Bats","authors":"R. Schorr, Michael D. Matthews, Bailey A. Hoover","doi":"10.3161/15081109acc2022.24.1.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109acc2022.24.1.013","url":null,"abstract":"When white-nose syndrome arrived in eastern North America, bat colonies declined at an alarming rate and the large-scale mortality events were obvious at caves and mines. However, there is concern that the disease and its impacts will be more difficult to detect in western North America where there are fewer winter roosts with thousands of bats. Thus, documenting and responding to precipitous declines will be more challenging. To allow population-level monitoring, western biologists and land managers need to expand search efforts for colonies. One roosting resource that is under-sampled is cliffs, and although we know bats roost along cliffs, biologists know little about roost-site characteristics or the colonies that reside there. Two methods of identifying bat roosts along cliff systems are to collaborate with rock-climbing citizen scientists who report bat encounters, and another is to conduct rock-climbing surveys for bats. We conducted acoustic surveys, thermal videography, and climber-based surveys along the Front Range of northern Colorado, USA, to find bats and describe their roosting habitat. We climbed 48 routes and located two roosts, and received an additional citizen-science record of a third roost. Bats use cracks that were east facing and approximately 12 m above the ground. Climber-based surveys can locate bats and roosting habitat along cliffs, and identify large colonies to be monitored. Targeting climber-based surveys in areas with recreational-climbing citizen-science records may increase the likelihood of finding bat roosts and bat colonies.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49333256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.002
Michael Curran, Mirjam Kopp, M. Ruedi, J. Bayliss
The ecology of the high-altitude mountains of northern Mozambique is understudied in comparison to surrounding countries. A series of biological surveys have focused on filling this data gap, with Mount Namuli in Zambezia Province one of the focal sites of these expeditions. A biological survey of Mount Namuli in 2009 resulted in the collection of five specimens of a horseshoe bat species (Rhinolophidae) that is here described as a new species from Mozambique. Morphologically, the new species is very similar to Rhinolophus maendeleo Kock, Csorba and Howell, 2000 of the adami-group, but lacks some key morphological characters of this group (large ears, narrow skull, long palate). Molecular reconstructions clearly suggest the new species belongs to the capensis-group, but no members of the adami-group were included in this analysis (due to lacking data). It is thus unclear whether this unexpected phylogenetic position reflects morphological convergences between members of the adami- and capensis-groups, or whether the morphology-based adami-group should be reconsidered. The new species and R. maendeleo share similar external and craniodental measurements, but can be distinguished based on a number of key characters. These include the presence of a bony bar forming the interorbital foramena, rostrum shape, ear length and highly differing bacular morphologies. It also differs from the genetically closely related R. denti Thomas, 1904, R. swinnyi Gough, 1908 (including two recently described cryptic species) and R. simulator Andersen, 1904 by non-overlapping external and cranial measurements. The new species echolocates at a mean peak frequency of 76.9 kHz and shows an affinity to forest habitats, which are highly threatened in the surrounding region. It joins other coastal and montane forest endemics in defining the bat fauna of south-eastern Africa.
与周边国家相比，莫桑比克北部高海拔山脉的生态学研究不足。一系列生物调查的重点是填补这一数据空白，赞比西亚省的纳穆利山是这些探险的焦点之一。2009年对纳穆利山进行的一次生物调查收集了五个马蹄蝙蝠物种（犀科）的标本，该物种在这里被描述为莫桑比克的一个新物种。在形态上，这个新物种与阿达米群的Rhinolophus maendeleo Kock、Csorba和Howell，2000非常相似，但缺乏该群的一些关键形态特征（大耳朵、窄头骨、长腭）。分子重建清楚地表明，这个新物种属于capensis群，但由于缺乏数据，该分析中没有阿达米群的成员。因此，目前尚不清楚这种出乎意料的系统发育位置是否反映了阿达米群和卡彭斯群成员之间的形态学趋同，或者是否应该重新考虑基于形态学的阿达米群。新物种和R.maendeleo具有相似的外部和颅骨测量结果，但可以根据一些关键特征进行区分。其中包括形成眶间孔的骨条的存在、喙部形状、耳朵长度和高度不同的杆状形态。它还与基因亲缘关系密切的R.denti Thomas，1904年，R.swinnyi Gough，1908年（包括两个最近描述的神秘物种）和R.simulator Andersen，1904年的不同之处在于外部和颅骨测量不重叠。新物种的回声定位平均峰值频率为76.9kHz，并显示出对森林栖息地的亲和力，而森林栖息地在周围地区受到高度威胁。它与其他沿海和山地森林特有种一起定义了非洲东南部的蝙蝠动物群。
{"title":"A New Species of Horseshoe Bat (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) from Mount Namuli, Mozambique","authors":"Michael Curran, Mirjam Kopp, M. Ruedi, J. Bayliss","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.002","url":null,"abstract":"The ecology of the high-altitude mountains of northern Mozambique is understudied in comparison to surrounding countries. A series of biological surveys have focused on filling this data gap, with Mount Namuli in Zambezia Province one of the focal sites of these expeditions. A biological survey of Mount Namuli in 2009 resulted in the collection of five specimens of a horseshoe bat species (Rhinolophidae) that is here described as a new species from Mozambique. Morphologically, the new species is very similar to Rhinolophus maendeleo Kock, Csorba and Howell, 2000 of the adami-group, but lacks some key morphological characters of this group (large ears, narrow skull, long palate). Molecular reconstructions clearly suggest the new species belongs to the capensis-group, but no members of the adami-group were included in this analysis (due to lacking data). It is thus unclear whether this unexpected phylogenetic position reflects morphological convergences between members of the adami- and capensis-groups, or whether the morphology-based adami-group should be reconsidered. The new species and R. maendeleo share similar external and craniodental measurements, but can be distinguished based on a number of key characters. These include the presence of a bony bar forming the interorbital foramena, rostrum shape, ear length and highly differing bacular morphologies. It also differs from the genetically closely related R. denti Thomas, 1904, R. swinnyi Gough, 1908 (including two recently described cryptic species) and R. simulator Andersen, 1904 by non-overlapping external and cranial measurements. The new species echolocates at a mean peak frequency of 76.9 kHz and shows an affinity to forest habitats, which are highly threatened in the surrounding region. It joins other coastal and montane forest endemics in defining the bat fauna of south-eastern Africa.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41311674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.018
J. Aronson
The transition to mitigate climate change necessitates a rapid and global diffusion of renewable energy but this should not jeopardise the need to meet similarly important targets for biodiversity. Wind energy is a leading cause of bat mortality globally, yet little is known about the impacts to bats in Africa. I studied these impacts in South Africa to enhance knowledge on wind energy impacts on African bats. I reviewed data from 59 studies published in scientific journals and technical reports of operational monitoring of bat fatalities at wind turbines. Bat fatalities occurred at all operating wind energy facilities in South Africa. Tadarida aegyptiaca accounted for the majority of carcasses, followed by Neoromicia capensis and Miniopterus natalensis. The majority of fatalities were of non-migratory species and occurred between February and April although bats were killed in all months. Bat fatality differed between wind energy facilities in terms of observed fatality/year, estimated fatality/year and estimated fatality/MW/year but these differences could not be explained by broad scale vegetation patterns. Total estimated bat fatality between 2011 and 2020 was 12,601 bats. Mean fatality/MW/year was 2.8 bats. I estimate that between 2013 and 2050, a minimum of 996,974 bats may be killed at South African wind energy facilities. My results present the first estimates of the scale of potential wind energy impacts to bats in South Africa and the African continent.
{"title":"Current State of Knowledge of Wind Energy Impacts on Bats in South Africa","authors":"J. Aronson","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.018","url":null,"abstract":"The transition to mitigate climate change necessitates a rapid and global diffusion of renewable energy but this should not jeopardise the need to meet similarly important targets for biodiversity. Wind energy is a leading cause of bat mortality globally, yet little is known about the impacts to bats in Africa. I studied these impacts in South Africa to enhance knowledge on wind energy impacts on African bats. I reviewed data from 59 studies published in scientific journals and technical reports of operational monitoring of bat fatalities at wind turbines. Bat fatalities occurred at all operating wind energy facilities in South Africa. Tadarida aegyptiaca accounted for the majority of carcasses, followed by Neoromicia capensis and Miniopterus natalensis. The majority of fatalities were of non-migratory species and occurred between February and April although bats were killed in all months. Bat fatality differed between wind energy facilities in terms of observed fatality/year, estimated fatality/year and estimated fatality/MW/year but these differences could not be explained by broad scale vegetation patterns. Total estimated bat fatality between 2011 and 2020 was 12,601 bats. Mean fatality/MW/year was 2.8 bats. I estimate that between 2013 and 2050, a minimum of 996,974 bats may be killed at South African wind energy facilities. My results present the first estimates of the scale of potential wind energy impacts to bats in South Africa and the African continent.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47216983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.003
Edgar G. Gutiérrez, B. Rodríguez‐Herrera, Juan Antonio Baeza, Ma. Isabel Salazar, Jorge Ortega
Vagility, ecological requirements, and forest patches can all influence gene flow among populations. These aspects are critical for the maintenance of genetic diversity in populations. Ectophylla alba is a fruit bat belonging to the family Phyllostomidae with specialized feeding and habitat requirements. Studies examining population genetics in this specialist bat are lacking. In this study, ten microsatellite loci were used to evaluate the current genetic structure of this bat species. Six localities in Costa Rica were evaluated. These localities are included in a landscape with remnants of lowland forests surrounded by cattle pastures, plantations, urban areas, and roads. Our results suggest a genetic population with moderate genetic diversity that was observed at most studied loci, with a statistically non-significant difference between the observed and expected heterozygosity. Most of the genetic variation was observed within rather than among sampled populations. The Mantel test showed a non-significant correlation between genetic diversity and geographic distance. These results suggest that E. alba populations have not shown an effect of habitat fragmentation in the studied area. We argue that the increase of forest patches is too recent to alter genetic diversity among sampled localities. Current migration among populations appears to be high enough to balance allele frequencies among localities.
{"title":"Genetic Analyses Reveal High Connectivity among Populations of the Honduran White Bat Ectophylla alba in the Caribbean Lowlands of Central Eastern Costa Rica","authors":"Edgar G. Gutiérrez, B. Rodríguez‐Herrera, Juan Antonio Baeza, Ma. Isabel Salazar, Jorge Ortega","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.003","url":null,"abstract":"Vagility, ecological requirements, and forest patches can all influence gene flow among populations. These aspects are critical for the maintenance of genetic diversity in populations. Ectophylla alba is a fruit bat belonging to the family Phyllostomidae with specialized feeding and habitat requirements. Studies examining population genetics in this specialist bat are lacking. In this study, ten microsatellite loci were used to evaluate the current genetic structure of this bat species. Six localities in Costa Rica were evaluated. These localities are included in a landscape with remnants of lowland forests surrounded by cattle pastures, plantations, urban areas, and roads. Our results suggest a genetic population with moderate genetic diversity that was observed at most studied loci, with a statistically non-significant difference between the observed and expected heterozygosity. Most of the genetic variation was observed within rather than among sampled populations. The Mantel test showed a non-significant correlation between genetic diversity and geographic distance. These results suggest that E. alba populations have not shown an effect of habitat fragmentation in the studied area. We argue that the increase of forest patches is too recent to alter genetic diversity among sampled localities. Current migration among populations appears to be high enough to balance allele frequencies among localities.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47227247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.008
C. P. Bell
Seasonal swarming by bats in underground sites in late summer and early autumn is increasingly understood to play a vital role in their life-cycle, relating both to nuptial activity and to the use of swarming sites as hibernacula. The common pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) is a largely commensal species in which seasonal swarming often occurs in built structures, which have been hypothesised to serve as mass hibernacula during the coldest part of the winter. A number of detailed studies of P. pipistrellus swarming sites have recorded year-round patterns of activity, as well as the demographic make-up of the visiting bats, but there has been relatively little study of overnight patterns of activity, or how swarming interacts with weather conditions at a variety of scales. This study uses auditory monitoring data, recorded continuously over a 27 month period in a P. pipistrellus swarming site within a built structure in northern England, to derive a detailed phenology of bat activity within the site, and uses generalised additive modelling to explain daily variation in activity in terms of seasonal trends modified by fluctuating weather conditions. Results suggest that cool conditions delay the onset of swarming in spring and late summer, and can suppress swarming behaviour even at the height of the swarming period, leading to a pronounced pulse of activity when temperatures rise, and the extension of activity into mid-Autumn. Roosting also occurred at the study site during the swarming period, and was associated with significant flying during the day in warm temperatures, which may reflect a search for cooler roosting locations. Overnight activity occurred throughout the hibernation period, but little evidence emerged for an influx of bats to a mass hibernaculum at the start of the winter.
{"title":"Daily, Seasonal and Inter-Annual Variation in Activity Within a Common Pipistrelle Swarming Site and Hibernaculum","authors":"C. P. Bell","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.008","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonal swarming by bats in underground sites in late summer and early autumn is increasingly understood to play a vital role in their life-cycle, relating both to nuptial activity and to the use of swarming sites as hibernacula. The common pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) is a largely commensal species in which seasonal swarming often occurs in built structures, which have been hypothesised to serve as mass hibernacula during the coldest part of the winter. A number of detailed studies of P. pipistrellus swarming sites have recorded year-round patterns of activity, as well as the demographic make-up of the visiting bats, but there has been relatively little study of overnight patterns of activity, or how swarming interacts with weather conditions at a variety of scales. This study uses auditory monitoring data, recorded continuously over a 27 month period in a P. pipistrellus swarming site within a built structure in northern England, to derive a detailed phenology of bat activity within the site, and uses generalised additive modelling to explain daily variation in activity in terms of seasonal trends modified by fluctuating weather conditions. Results suggest that cool conditions delay the onset of swarming in spring and late summer, and can suppress swarming behaviour even at the height of the swarming period, leading to a pronounced pulse of activity when temperatures rise, and the extension of activity into mid-Autumn. Roosting also occurred at the study site during the swarming period, and was associated with significant flying during the day in warm temperatures, which may reflect a search for cooler roosting locations. Overnight activity occurred throughout the hibernation period, but little evidence emerged for an influx of bats to a mass hibernaculum at the start of the winter.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41386862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.014
N. A. Borray-Escalante, J. Pérez-Torres, Marcela Castro-Benítez
We assessed the degree of preference for food resources consumed by Carollia perspicillata from Macaregua cave (Santander, Colombia), and how these preferences were related to nutrient content. Between July and August of 2015, 160 bats were captured with a capture success of 7.04 individuals-night/hours-network. The fecal samples were processed in the laboratory and seeds that were found were identified taxonomically. The supply of fruit and nutritional value of ripe fruit collected from plant species identified in bat fecal samples were determined. The plant species, Myrsine sp., Neosprucea montana, Duranta repens and Maclura tinctoria accounted for over 85% of total food resources consumed, with nine additional species making up the rest of the sample. The diet was dominated by Myrcia popayanensis, M. tinctoria, Vismia glaziovii, Solanum mauritianum and N. montana. The nutrient contents (sugar, water, lipids, fiber, protein and ash) in their fruits varied significantly. Both male and female C. perspicillata preferred M. popayanensis and, to a lesser extent M. tinctoria. Food resource preferences were related (not linearly) to their nutritional content, with the preferred fruit being those showing intermediate nutrient concentrations. Maclura tinctoria and N. montana are new entries on the list of plant species consumed by C. perspicillata.
{"title":"Nutritional Ecology of Carollia perspicillata (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae): Relationship between the Preference and the Nutritional Content of Fruits","authors":"N. A. Borray-Escalante, J. Pérez-Torres, Marcela Castro-Benítez","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.014","url":null,"abstract":"We assessed the degree of preference for food resources consumed by Carollia perspicillata from Macaregua cave (Santander, Colombia), and how these preferences were related to nutrient content. Between July and August of 2015, 160 bats were captured with a capture success of 7.04 individuals-night/hours-network. The fecal samples were processed in the laboratory and seeds that were found were identified taxonomically. The supply of fruit and nutritional value of ripe fruit collected from plant species identified in bat fecal samples were determined. The plant species, Myrsine sp., Neosprucea montana, Duranta repens and Maclura tinctoria accounted for over 85% of total food resources consumed, with nine additional species making up the rest of the sample. The diet was dominated by Myrcia popayanensis, M. tinctoria, Vismia glaziovii, Solanum mauritianum and N. montana. The nutrient contents (sugar, water, lipids, fiber, protein and ash) in their fruits varied significantly. Both male and female C. perspicillata preferred M. popayanensis and, to a lesser extent M. tinctoria. Food resource preferences were related (not linearly) to their nutritional content, with the preferred fruit being those showing intermediate nutrient concentrations. Maclura tinctoria and N. montana are new entries on the list of plant species consumed by C. perspicillata.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49049126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.004
R. Owen, C. López-González, Gloria González de Weston
Bats of the phyllostomid genus Artibeus are primarily frugivorous, and they often are captured carrying the fruits of figs (Ficus spp.) or Cecropia spp. Although two or three species of Artibeus (sensu stricto) are found sympatrically in many regions of the Neotropics, little is known about the potential competitive interactions of these congeners in areas of sympatry. Competition might occur for food, roost sites, or other resources, and might be expressed as spatial or temporal partitioning in feeding or reproduction, as increased displacement of feeding- or foraging-related characters, or as some combination of these factors. These effects might be more pronounced near the distributional limits of the species, where resources might be more limited (both in abundance and diversity), and more patchily distributed. Three species of Artibeus (A. fimbriatus, A. lituratus, and A. planirostris), are at or near their southern or south-western distributional limits in Paraguay. Previous analyses in Paraguay have determined that A. lituratus and A. planirostris are migratory, with A. lituratus being most abundant during the wet season (October–February), and A. planirostris in the variable season (March–May). Artibeus fimbriatus and A. lituratus are relatively more abundant in the Atlantic Forest ecoregion; and A. planirostris in the Cerrado. In this study we examined morphometric variation in wing and craniomandibular characters, as well as reproductive patterns, to further explore the potential niche partitioning along these dimensions that may reduce competition for resources. We tested for morphometric differences among the species, and for geographic and secondary sexual variation in each of the three species. Both wing and craniodental characters vary significantly among species. Artibeus fimbriatus exhibits sexual dimorphism in only one cranial character, and A. lituratus shows sexual dimorphism in three craniodental characters and in all wing characters, whereas A. planirostris is not sexually dimorphic in any character. Weak geographic variation was found in craniodental characters in A. planirostris, and in wing characters in the other two species. Differences were also encountered in the three species' morphometric responses to temperature and precipitation parameters. Evaluating these differences in morphometric patterns in the context of ecoregional and seasonal associations, migratory status and reproductive patterns, we conclude that the three species mitigate competitive pressure through a complex partitioning of available niche space.
{"title":"Sharing the Space: Variation in Morphometric, Ecoregional, Migratory and Reproductive Patterns of Three Sympatric Artibeus Species","authors":"R. Owen, C. López-González, Gloria González de Weston","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.004","url":null,"abstract":"Bats of the phyllostomid genus Artibeus are primarily frugivorous, and they often are captured carrying the fruits of figs (Ficus spp.) or Cecropia spp. Although two or three species of Artibeus (sensu stricto) are found sympatrically in many regions of the Neotropics, little is known about the potential competitive interactions of these congeners in areas of sympatry. Competition might occur for food, roost sites, or other resources, and might be expressed as spatial or temporal partitioning in feeding or reproduction, as increased displacement of feeding- or foraging-related characters, or as some combination of these factors. These effects might be more pronounced near the distributional limits of the species, where resources might be more limited (both in abundance and diversity), and more patchily distributed. Three species of Artibeus (A. fimbriatus, A. lituratus, and A. planirostris), are at or near their southern or south-western distributional limits in Paraguay. Previous analyses in Paraguay have determined that A. lituratus and A. planirostris are migratory, with A. lituratus being most abundant during the wet season (October–February), and A. planirostris in the variable season (March–May). Artibeus fimbriatus and A. lituratus are relatively more abundant in the Atlantic Forest ecoregion; and A. planirostris in the Cerrado. In this study we examined morphometric variation in wing and craniomandibular characters, as well as reproductive patterns, to further explore the potential niche partitioning along these dimensions that may reduce competition for resources. We tested for morphometric differences among the species, and for geographic and secondary sexual variation in each of the three species. Both wing and craniodental characters vary significantly among species. Artibeus fimbriatus exhibits sexual dimorphism in only one cranial character, and A. lituratus shows sexual dimorphism in three craniodental characters and in all wing characters, whereas A. planirostris is not sexually dimorphic in any character. Weak geographic variation was found in craniodental characters in A. planirostris, and in wing characters in the other two species. Differences were also encountered in the three species' morphometric responses to temperature and precipitation parameters. Evaluating these differences in morphometric patterns in the context of ecoregional and seasonal associations, migratory status and reproductive patterns, we conclude that the three species mitigate competitive pressure through a complex partitioning of available niche space.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46780106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：