Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.010
S. Genelhú, A. S. Tahara, L. L. de Oliveira, R. Gregorin
The availability of shelter in karst areas affects the richness, abundance, and assemblage composition of bat species and may play an important role in movement dynamics, activity patterns, and foraging behavior. Our work in the midwestern region in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, showed a high richness of the bat fauna, given the anthropic impact caused by mineral exploration and agricultural activities, thus leaving vegetation islands over karst areas in a vast anthropized matrix. Sampling at 12 sites resulted in 1,444 captures of bats, representing 30 species. Our beta diversity partitioning analyses indicated a pattern of turnover, i.e. species replacement, suggesting that these vegetation fragments may function as ecological springboards or stopping points.
{"title":"Karstic Limestone Outcrops Harbor High Bat Diversity in a Deeply Anthropized Landscape in Southeastern Brazil","authors":"S. Genelhú, A. S. Tahara, L. L. de Oliveira, R. Gregorin","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.010","url":null,"abstract":"The availability of shelter in karst areas affects the richness, abundance, and assemblage composition of bat species and may play an important role in movement dynamics, activity patterns, and foraging behavior. Our work in the midwestern region in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, showed a high richness of the bat fauna, given the anthropic impact caused by mineral exploration and agricultural activities, thus leaving vegetation islands over karst areas in a vast anthropized matrix. Sampling at 12 sites resulted in 1,444 captures of bats, representing 30 species. Our beta diversity partitioning analyses indicated a pattern of turnover, i.e. species replacement, suggesting that these vegetation fragments may function as ecological springboards or stopping points.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41502333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.012
Willy Pineda-Lizano, G. Chaverri
Spatio-temporal patterns of species richness, Hill numbers, captures per species, feeding guilds, sex ratio, and biomass were studied in a Neotropical bat assemblage during 17 continuous months in four bands (low: 50–150, mid-low: 375–500, mid-high: 975–1,050, and high: 1,950–2,050 m a.s.l.) in an elevational gradient in Costa Rica. We found an effect of elevation on species richness. As expected, species richness was high in the low elevations; unexpectedly, however, we noted that species richness was highest in the mid-high band, a diversity pattern that has not been previously recorded in bats. We also found an effect of precipitation periods on species richness; in particular, at mid-high elevations, when precipitation was intermediate and highest, we observed a larger number of species. When analyzing data separately by feeding ensemble, we found an effect of elevation on species richness for three ensembles: animalivorous bats were more diverse at the mid-low band, nectarivorous bats were more diverse in the mid-high and high bands, and frugivorous bats were more diverse in the mid-low and low bands. Species richness of frugivorous bats was also affected by precipitation; when rainfall was intermediate and highest, we noted a higher species richness of this ensemble. There was no effect of elevation on species richness for the insectivorous, omnivorous or hematophagous ensemble, nor on the species capture, sex ratio or biomass. Our results not only provide further evidence of the importance of lowland forests as reservoirs of high species diversity, but also highlight the importance of tropical premontane rainforests for the conservation of bat communities given their high species richness, particularly for the nectarivorous and frugivorous ensembles. This is particularly relevant not only because this ecosystem has been heavily affected by land use changes in the Neotropical region, but also because the predicted future decrease of precipitation at this elevation could potentially affect overall species richness and particularly for certain feeding ensembles. Thus, conservation efforts in this life zone are of critical importance for maintaining functional and ecological diversity of bat communities in elevational gradients.
{"title":"Bat Assemblages along an Elevational Gradient in Costa Rica","authors":"Willy Pineda-Lizano, G. Chaverri","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.012","url":null,"abstract":"Spatio-temporal patterns of species richness, Hill numbers, captures per species, feeding guilds, sex ratio, and biomass were studied in a Neotropical bat assemblage during 17 continuous months in four bands (low: 50–150, mid-low: 375–500, mid-high: 975–1,050, and high: 1,950–2,050 m a.s.l.) in an elevational gradient in Costa Rica. We found an effect of elevation on species richness. As expected, species richness was high in the low elevations; unexpectedly, however, we noted that species richness was highest in the mid-high band, a diversity pattern that has not been previously recorded in bats. We also found an effect of precipitation periods on species richness; in particular, at mid-high elevations, when precipitation was intermediate and highest, we observed a larger number of species. When analyzing data separately by feeding ensemble, we found an effect of elevation on species richness for three ensembles: animalivorous bats were more diverse at the mid-low band, nectarivorous bats were more diverse in the mid-high and high bands, and frugivorous bats were more diverse in the mid-low and low bands. Species richness of frugivorous bats was also affected by precipitation; when rainfall was intermediate and highest, we noted a higher species richness of this ensemble. There was no effect of elevation on species richness for the insectivorous, omnivorous or hematophagous ensemble, nor on the species capture, sex ratio or biomass. Our results not only provide further evidence of the importance of lowland forests as reservoirs of high species diversity, but also highlight the importance of tropical premontane rainforests for the conservation of bat communities given their high species richness, particularly for the nectarivorous and frugivorous ensembles. This is particularly relevant not only because this ecosystem has been heavily affected by land use changes in the Neotropical region, but also because the predicted future decrease of precipitation at this elevation could potentially affect overall species richness and particularly for certain feeding ensembles. Thus, conservation efforts in this life zone are of critical importance for maintaining functional and ecological diversity of bat communities in elevational gradients.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48347674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.006
Lucas Haddaway, L. McGuire
Migrating temperate bats travel hundreds and perhaps thousands of kilometers, which necessitates making use of stopover sites. Migratory birds use stopover sites to rest and refuel for subsequent migratory flights, but it isn't clear what bats do during their comparatively brief stopovers. We used acoustic monitoring to compare activity patterns of migrating silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) and resident big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) at Long Point, Ontario, Canada. From September 1 to October 31 2020 we recorded 4,333 echolocation passes from our two focal species and quatified feeding buzzes in those recordings. Migratory L. noctivagans passed through in two waves, one of which had been identified by previous study, and a second suggesting that the migratory period may be longer than previously identified. Eptesicus fuscus was primarily active only in the early and late parts of the night, in contrast to the activity pattern of L. noctivagans which were similarly active and foraging at dusk and dawn, but also during the middle parts of the night. Our acoustic monitoring data complement previous data collected from bat captures and radiotelemetry to provide further insight into stopover behaviors and ecology of temperate migratory bats.
{"title":"Seasonal and Nightly Activity Patterns of Migrating Silver-Haired Bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) Compared to Non-Migrating Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus fuscus) at a Fall Migration Stopover Site","authors":"Lucas Haddaway, L. McGuire","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.006","url":null,"abstract":"Migrating temperate bats travel hundreds and perhaps thousands of kilometers, which necessitates making use of stopover sites. Migratory birds use stopover sites to rest and refuel for subsequent migratory flights, but it isn't clear what bats do during their comparatively brief stopovers. We used acoustic monitoring to compare activity patterns of migrating silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) and resident big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) at Long Point, Ontario, Canada. From September 1 to October 31 2020 we recorded 4,333 echolocation passes from our two focal species and quatified feeding buzzes in those recordings. Migratory L. noctivagans passed through in two waves, one of which had been identified by previous study, and a second suggesting that the migratory period may be longer than previously identified. Eptesicus fuscus was primarily active only in the early and late parts of the night, in contrast to the activity pattern of L. noctivagans which were similarly active and foraging at dusk and dawn, but also during the middle parts of the night. Our acoustic monitoring data complement previous data collected from bat captures and radiotelemetry to provide further insight into stopover behaviors and ecology of temperate migratory bats.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45634168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.008
R. A. Saldaña-Vázquez, F. Villalobos, Jesús R. Hernández‐Montero, Daniel Ferreyra-García, José P. Molina-Rodríguez
Understanding the factors that explain animals' diet diversity is important to comprehend niche partitioning, co-existence, biotic interactions, and the vulnerability of species populations to habitat transformation. Species body mass and their geographical range are positively related to the diversity of food items they consume and consequently with their potential ecological niche occupied. However, the relative weight of these factors to explain diet diversity in mammals is poorly known. Using Artibeina frugivorous bats as a biological model, we evaluate the importance of body mass and ecoregions occupied to explain the diet diversity of these bats. We analyzed our data using phylogenetic correlations and Bayesian statistics techniques. Our results show a stronger phylogenetic correlation between bats' diet diversity with the number of ecoregions they occupied than with their body mass. These results suggest Neotropical frugivorous bats that occupy different habitats had a major possibility to have a higher diet diversity. In addition, these results are related with the ‘bottom-up’ diet diversity hypothesis that postulates that diet diversity in frugivorous bats is related to ecosystem plant diversity.
{"title":"Ecoregions Occupied are More Related to Diet Diversity than Body Mass in Artibeina Bats","authors":"R. A. Saldaña-Vázquez, F. Villalobos, Jesús R. Hernández‐Montero, Daniel Ferreyra-García, José P. Molina-Rodríguez","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.008","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the factors that explain animals' diet diversity is important to comprehend niche partitioning, co-existence, biotic interactions, and the vulnerability of species populations to habitat transformation. Species body mass and their geographical range are positively related to the diversity of food items they consume and consequently with their potential ecological niche occupied. However, the relative weight of these factors to explain diet diversity in mammals is poorly known. Using Artibeina frugivorous bats as a biological model, we evaluate the importance of body mass and ecoregions occupied to explain the diet diversity of these bats. We analyzed our data using phylogenetic correlations and Bayesian statistics techniques. Our results show a stronger phylogenetic correlation between bats' diet diversity with the number of ecoregions they occupied than with their body mass. These results suggest Neotropical frugivorous bats that occupy different habitats had a major possibility to have a higher diet diversity. In addition, these results are related with the ‘bottom-up’ diet diversity hypothesis that postulates that diet diversity in frugivorous bats is related to ecosystem plant diversity.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46881948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.006
Ihor Tovstuha, O. Timofieieva, V. Kovalov, A. Vlaschenko
We examined the effects of the level of internal 90Sr and 137Cs concentrations on hematological parameters of bats captured in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (Ukraine). In total, 68 animals of six bat species were live-monitored with measurement of the whole-body activity concentrations of the two radionuclides (90Sr and 137Cs) and blood sampling for further analysis. We found statistically significant positive correlations between the blood neutrophil count and whole-body 90Sr activity concentration in individuals of Eptesicus serotinus; and between the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and 90Sr concentration, and between the red blood cell (RBC) count and 137Cs concentration in Vespertilio murinus. We did not observe any correlation between concentrations of 90Sr and 137Cs and hematological parameters in individuals of Pipistrellus nathusii. Moreover, none of these three species showed significant sexual (male versus female) or age (adult versus sexually immature) differences in 90Sr and 137Cs concentrations. Our results contribute to better knowledge and understanding of the eco-immunology of free-ranging bats in one of the most radioactively contaminated areas in the world — the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the relationship between radionuclide contamination and hematological parameters of bats.
{"title":"Effect of 90Sr and 137Cs concentration on Hematological Parameters of Bats in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (Ukraine)","authors":"Ihor Tovstuha, O. Timofieieva, V. Kovalov, A. Vlaschenko","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.006","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the effects of the level of internal 90Sr and 137Cs concentrations on hematological parameters of bats captured in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (Ukraine). In total, 68 animals of six bat species were live-monitored with measurement of the whole-body activity concentrations of the two radionuclides (90Sr and 137Cs) and blood sampling for further analysis. We found statistically significant positive correlations between the blood neutrophil count and whole-body 90Sr activity concentration in individuals of Eptesicus serotinus; and between the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and 90Sr concentration, and between the red blood cell (RBC) count and 137Cs concentration in Vespertilio murinus. We did not observe any correlation between concentrations of 90Sr and 137Cs and hematological parameters in individuals of Pipistrellus nathusii. Moreover, none of these three species showed significant sexual (male versus female) or age (adult versus sexually immature) differences in 90Sr and 137Cs concentrations. Our results contribute to better knowledge and understanding of the eco-immunology of free-ranging bats in one of the most radioactively contaminated areas in the world — the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the relationship between radionuclide contamination and hematological parameters of bats.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47706287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2021.23.2.021
{"title":"Reviewers of Articles Submitted to Volume 23","authors":"","doi":"10.3161/15081109acc2021.23.2.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109acc2021.23.2.021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45042038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.005
N. Furey, V. Tu, A. Hitch, Awatsaya Pimsai, Chor Kimashalen, Buor Vuthy, Yim Raksmey, C. Sarak, S. Borthwick, Lena Ch'ng, Say Sinly, G. Csorba, Ith Saveng, Gavin J. D. Smith, Chheang Dany, I. Mendenhall
Knowledge of the Cambodian bat fauna has grown in recent years, although much remains to be learnt. Based on field surveys undertaken throughout the country in 2014–2020 and using morphological (external, cranial and dental characters), genetic and acoustic data, we document the first records of six bat species nationally (Rhinolophus marshalli, R. siamensis, Hipposideros halophyllus, H. lekaguli, Cassistrellus yokdonensis and Eptesicus pachyomus) and the second in-country record for an additional species (Saccolaimus saccolaimus). All of these taxa were encountered in Cambodia's understudied border regions where literature for neighbouring territories suggests future field research will likely reveal other bat species presently unknown in the country. We also comment on the distribution and conservation status of the newly documented taxa, provide a revised checklist of the 80 bat species now confirmed in Cambodia and briefly consider the prospects for future discoveries and bat conservation in the country.
{"title":"First Records of Seemingly Rare Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in Cambodia, with a Revised Checklist of Species for the Country","authors":"N. Furey, V. Tu, A. Hitch, Awatsaya Pimsai, Chor Kimashalen, Buor Vuthy, Yim Raksmey, C. Sarak, S. Borthwick, Lena Ch'ng, Say Sinly, G. Csorba, Ith Saveng, Gavin J. D. Smith, Chheang Dany, I. Mendenhall","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.005","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of the Cambodian bat fauna has grown in recent years, although much remains to be learnt. Based on field surveys undertaken throughout the country in 2014–2020 and using morphological (external, cranial and dental characters), genetic and acoustic data, we document the first records of six bat species nationally (Rhinolophus marshalli, R. siamensis, Hipposideros halophyllus, H. lekaguli, Cassistrellus yokdonensis and Eptesicus pachyomus) and the second in-country record for an additional species (Saccolaimus saccolaimus). All of these taxa were encountered in Cambodia's understudied border regions where literature for neighbouring territories suggests future field research will likely reveal other bat species presently unknown in the country. We also comment on the distribution and conservation status of the newly documented taxa, provide a revised checklist of the 80 bat species now confirmed in Cambodia and briefly consider the prospects for future discoveries and bat conservation in the country.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47885325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.012
D. L. Biassi, Ronei Baldissera, D. Galiano, Renan de Souza Rezende
Changes in landscape environmental characteristics may influence habitat use by bat species as well as species composition and community functional structure. Landscape features may drive the functional role variability of bat species on the ecosystems. Consequently, landscapes may change the degree of functional differentiation between species. We have evaluated the effect of pine forest monoculture and their environmental characteristics on the distribution and functional attributes of bat species. We sampled bat communities in areas with high (three sites) and low (three sites) forest land use management practices including six mist-netting locations in order to sample for bats at each site. In addition, we have also measured temperature, humidity, percentage of land use coverage (managed forest, agriculture, and native forest), and percentage of canopy openness at each site. We captured 87 bats belonging to eight species representing two families: Phyllostomidae and Vespertilionidae. For the functional analysis, we used three functional attributes to describe wing morphology: wing loading, aspect ratio, and forearm length. No significant effect of any environmental variable was observed on bat species composition. However, bat species distribution was driven by the ability associated with their functional attributes to occupy the space. Moreover, forearm length was positively correlated with forest cover, canopy openness, and humidity. Species with similar wing morphology have responded in a similar way to environmental variables in the studied areas. Functional dispersion was high in the native forest. The monoculture of exotic species may increase the functional attributes related with vulnerability as described by bat wing morphology. Therefore, the native forest conversion to pine forest monoculture may increase the loss of functional attributes in the bat community.
{"title":"Effects of Pine Forest Management Practices on Bat Functional Traits in a Subtropical Region","authors":"D. L. Biassi, Ronei Baldissera, D. Galiano, Renan de Souza Rezende","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.012","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in landscape environmental characteristics may influence habitat use by bat species as well as species composition and community functional structure. Landscape features may drive the functional role variability of bat species on the ecosystems. Consequently, landscapes may change the degree of functional differentiation between species. We have evaluated the effect of pine forest monoculture and their environmental characteristics on the distribution and functional attributes of bat species. We sampled bat communities in areas with high (three sites) and low (three sites) forest land use management practices including six mist-netting locations in order to sample for bats at each site. In addition, we have also measured temperature, humidity, percentage of land use coverage (managed forest, agriculture, and native forest), and percentage of canopy openness at each site. We captured 87 bats belonging to eight species representing two families: Phyllostomidae and Vespertilionidae. For the functional analysis, we used three functional attributes to describe wing morphology: wing loading, aspect ratio, and forearm length. No significant effect of any environmental variable was observed on bat species composition. However, bat species distribution was driven by the ability associated with their functional attributes to occupy the space. Moreover, forearm length was positively correlated with forest cover, canopy openness, and humidity. Species with similar wing morphology have responded in a similar way to environmental variables in the studied areas. Functional dispersion was high in the native forest. The monoculture of exotic species may increase the functional attributes related with vulnerability as described by bat wing morphology. Therefore, the native forest conversion to pine forest monoculture may increase the loss of functional attributes in the bat community.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49489943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.011
H. A. Hernández-Pinsón, Silvia Chaves-Ramírez, G. Chaverri
Multiple studies show that animals exhibit consistent individual differences in behavior, but they also experience short-term changes in their behavioral responses associated with seasonal events, most notably reproduction. We compare calling rates between the breeding and non-breeding seasons, and between males and females, in Spix's disk-winged bats (Thyroptera tricolor). This species performs an exchange of inquiry and response calls in a context of social coordination and these vocalizations are used by individuals to signal roost location. Our results indicate that during the breeding season all males vocalize and also emit a greater number of response calls. In females, we found that there is no significant difference in their vocal behavior during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Even though being vocal leads to greater energy costs and risk of predation, males were more vocal and emitted more vocalizations when females are known to be ovulating. Therefore, our results suggest that response calls may not only facilitate group cohesion, as found in previous studies, but that it may also play a role in courtship.
{"title":"Seasonality in the Emission of Contact Calls in Spix's Disc-Winged Bats (Thyroptera tricolor) Suggests a Potential Role in Mate Attraction","authors":"H. A. Hernández-Pinsón, Silvia Chaves-Ramírez, G. Chaverri","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.011","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple studies show that animals exhibit consistent individual differences in behavior, but they also experience short-term changes in their behavioral responses associated with seasonal events, most notably reproduction. We compare calling rates between the breeding and non-breeding seasons, and between males and females, in Spix's disk-winged bats (Thyroptera tricolor). This species performs an exchange of inquiry and response calls in a context of social coordination and these vocalizations are used by individuals to signal roost location. Our results indicate that during the breeding season all males vocalize and also emit a greater number of response calls. In females, we found that there is no significant difference in their vocal behavior during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Even though being vocal leads to greater energy costs and risk of predation, males were more vocal and emitted more vocalizations when females are known to be ovulating. Therefore, our results suggest that response calls may not only facilitate group cohesion, as found in previous studies, but that it may also play a role in courtship.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43730396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.009
Cecília Kruszynski, R. de Andrade Moral, Cristiane H Millan, T. R. Diniz‐Reis, M. Mello, P. D. de Camargo
Human-modified landscapes are often composed of small and isolated natural habitat fragments immersed in agricultural and urban matrices. Within them, ecosystem services provided by wildlife, such as pest insect suppression, may decrease or even be lost leading to a substantial increase in agricultural production costs. Pest insect suppression by bats has been identified as an essential ecosystem service but remains poorly investigated. For example, we still lack a basic understanding of the proportion of pest insects that comprises the diet of many bat species. Here, we explored the diet composition of eight Brazilian bat species (78 individuals) in a human-modified landscape through the analysis of stable carbon (13C) and nitrogen (15N) isotopes. Bats were categorised into guilds: open-space aerial insectivores, narrow-space gleaning frugivores, or narrow-space gleaning nectarivores. We divided the insects collected into three groups depending on their δ13C values: forest, mixed, and pest insects. We found that open-space insectivorous bats had the highest proportion of insects in total in their diet — consuming primarily from the forest group (56%) and the pest group (34%). Interestingly, narrow-space gleaning frugivores also consumed pest insects (almost 20%). The narrow-space gleaning nectarivores had traces of insects in their diet, yet the actual proportion was inconclusive. Even though bats were from different guilds, with diets consisting mainly of plants and insects, the δ15N indicated that they fitted to similar trophic levels, as secondary consumers. Therefore, the trophic level of nectarivorous and frugivorous bats showed a more generalist diet than previously assumed. The proportion of forest insects in the diet of open-space aerial insectivores may indicate the importance of small forest patches as food resources for wildlife such as the ones included in human-modified landscapes. The bats' contribution to this ecosystem service could improve the economic conservation value of Neotropical bats in human-modified landscapes.
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