Pub Date : 2021-07-04DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2021.1928455
J. M. Quevedo, Y. Uchiyama, K. M. Lukman, R. Kohsaka
Abstract The blue carbon ecosystems are gaining salience in the international arena due to their intrinsic role in climate change mitigation. Reviews on management strategies and plans at the local level are largely overlooked, although they are crucial factors in translating commitments to contextualized actions for sustainable management. The primary goal of this study is to investigate the present coastal management plans for blue carbon ecosystem management strategies using content analysis of the local plans of select municipalities in the Philippines. The analysis generated eight (8) clusters based on keywords focusing on mangrove and seagrass ecosystems, namely: ecological profile, ecosystem services, carbon sequestration, tourism, natural threats, anthropogenic threats, laws, policies, & ordinances, and management activities. The management activities cluster has the most coverage while the carbon sequestration cluster is the least mentioned. There is also a distinct gap in the inclusion of mangroves compared to seagrasses in the coastal management plans where these ecosystems are present in the localities concerned. Mangrove ecosystems are frequently mentioned, covering all clusters while seagrass ecosystems are discussed to less extent in only five (5) clusters. This study also showed that the “blue carbon” concept is not yet fully incorporated in the current management plans where carbon sequestration cluster is only discussed under mangrove ecosystems in one of the sites while no discussions for seagrasses’ “blue carbon” functions. The results of this study can serve as a benchmark for local policy-makers in updating their present management plans particularly in branching their focus on integrated management of seagrass ecosystems and advancing technical capacity and knowledge on blue carbon ecosystems.
{"title":"Are Municipalities Ready for Integrating Blue Carbon Concepts?: Content Analysis of Coastal Management Plans in the Philippines","authors":"J. M. Quevedo, Y. Uchiyama, K. M. Lukman, R. Kohsaka","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2021.1928455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2021.1928455","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The blue carbon ecosystems are gaining salience in the international arena due to their intrinsic role in climate change mitigation. Reviews on management strategies and plans at the local level are largely overlooked, although they are crucial factors in translating commitments to contextualized actions for sustainable management. The primary goal of this study is to investigate the present coastal management plans for blue carbon ecosystem management strategies using content analysis of the local plans of select municipalities in the Philippines. The analysis generated eight (8) clusters based on keywords focusing on mangrove and seagrass ecosystems, namely: ecological profile, ecosystem services, carbon sequestration, tourism, natural threats, anthropogenic threats, laws, policies, & ordinances, and management activities. The management activities cluster has the most coverage while the carbon sequestration cluster is the least mentioned. There is also a distinct gap in the inclusion of mangroves compared to seagrasses in the coastal management plans where these ecosystems are present in the localities concerned. Mangrove ecosystems are frequently mentioned, covering all clusters while seagrass ecosystems are discussed to less extent in only five (5) clusters. This study also showed that the “blue carbon” concept is not yet fully incorporated in the current management plans where carbon sequestration cluster is only discussed under mangrove ecosystems in one of the sites while no discussions for seagrasses’ “blue carbon” functions. The results of this study can serve as a benchmark for local policy-makers in updating their present management plans particularly in branching their focus on integrated management of seagrass ecosystems and advancing technical capacity and knowledge on blue carbon ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"49 1","pages":"334 - 355"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08920753.2021.1928455","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42700483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-26DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2021.1947127
K. Keil, K. Feifel, Nyssa B. Russell
Abstract Changing ocean conditions, such as ocean acidification, hypoxia, and ocean warming, are impacting marine ecosystems and posing a variety of immediate and future challenges for natural resource managers and affiliated industries. In order to successfully facilitate adaptation and mitigation responses to changing ocean conditions, research efforts and synthesis products should be developed in collaboration with resource managers and decision makers. Using interviews and surveys, we sought to advance collaborative science approaches by identifying the most pressing concerns, barriers, and research and monitoring needs of natural resource managers in Washington State, USA, where marine waters are particularly vulnerable to changing ocean conditions. Survey participants indicated that they are most concerned by ocean acidification, followed by water temperature and hypoxia. Our findings reveal a desire to prioritize laboratory and in situ studies to identify survival thresholds of ecologically or commercially important organisms, specifically zooplankton, fish, Dungeness crab, and conditions that promote harmful algal blooms. Scientific literature and in-person workshops and meetings were the preferred way for survey participants to learn about new science and affiliated results. Our findings highlight a need for continued and expanded monitoring and research efforts, the development of interpretive science products for resource managers, and enhanced communication between entities before information on changing ocean conditions can be effectively incorporated into resource management and policy decisions.
{"title":"Understanding and Advancing Natural Resource Management in the Context of Changing Ocean Conditions","authors":"K. Keil, K. Feifel, Nyssa B. Russell","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2021.1947127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2021.1947127","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Changing ocean conditions, such as ocean acidification, hypoxia, and ocean warming, are impacting marine ecosystems and posing a variety of immediate and future challenges for natural resource managers and affiliated industries. In order to successfully facilitate adaptation and mitigation responses to changing ocean conditions, research efforts and synthesis products should be developed in collaboration with resource managers and decision makers. Using interviews and surveys, we sought to advance collaborative science approaches by identifying the most pressing concerns, barriers, and research and monitoring needs of natural resource managers in Washington State, USA, where marine waters are particularly vulnerable to changing ocean conditions. Survey participants indicated that they are most concerned by ocean acidification, followed by water temperature and hypoxia. Our findings reveal a desire to prioritize laboratory and in situ studies to identify survival thresholds of ecologically or commercially important organisms, specifically zooplankton, fish, Dungeness crab, and conditions that promote harmful algal blooms. Scientific literature and in-person workshops and meetings were the preferred way for survey participants to learn about new science and affiliated results. Our findings highlight a need for continued and expanded monitoring and research efforts, the development of interpretive science products for resource managers, and enhanced communication between entities before information on changing ocean conditions can be effectively incorporated into resource management and policy decisions.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"49 1","pages":"458 - 486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08920753.2021.1947127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42031699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2021.1947166
Whitney Berry, A. Zivian, Melissa R. McCutcheon, S. Cooley
Reducing global carbon dioxide emissions is the fundamental action required to make progress on climate change and to reduce ocean acidification. Acting on climate this way is acting on acidification, as CO2 emissions are driving both outcomes. State and local leaders have been deeply involved in the global response to ocean acidification (OA), partly in response to concerns of local business owners and citizens, and partly in response to regional science findings about OA and other water quality concerns (Cross et al. 2019; Barton et al. 2015). Their actions provide lessons and examples about how to create successful coalitions, policies, management strategies, and lasting progress. These local efforts add up to global-level changes that benefit the overall health of our ocean, climate, and communities and demonstrate how emerging ocean-related climate concerns can be addressed by local, state, and regional action. When U.S. Federal action on climate has been stalled or stymied, state and local efforts have been key components of sustaining climate progress. Even when Federal action does advance, subnational governments have complemented this progress by serving as “laboratories of democracy”1 and acting quickly to innovate and experiment with new policies and programs. Furthermore, states and local communities are where climate impacts–like OA–manifest and are felt, and where actions can respond to local concerns. State climate leadership helps pave the way for ambitious national and international climate action, and it will continue to be needed as the world works to build durable climate efforts. Regardless of Federal actions, subnational climate ambition ensures that critical on-the-ground implementation can continue to move forward. From 2016 to 2020, U.S. Federal ambition and action on addressing the climate crisis sharply decreased. Under the Trump Administration, the United States pulled out of the Paris Agreement; rolled back more than one hundred environmental regulations governing clean air, greenhouse gas emissions, water quality, toxic substances, and more (Popovich et al. 2020); attempted to defund climate science with proposed Federal budget cuts to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and other agencies that directly deal with climate change (Witze et al. 2020); and left a gaping hole where the U.S. had
{"title":"International and Domestic Leadership by U.S. States on Ocean Acidification","authors":"Whitney Berry, A. Zivian, Melissa R. McCutcheon, S. Cooley","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2021.1947166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2021.1947166","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing global carbon dioxide emissions is the fundamental action required to make progress on climate change and to reduce ocean acidification. Acting on climate this way is acting on acidification, as CO2 emissions are driving both outcomes. State and local leaders have been deeply involved in the global response to ocean acidification (OA), partly in response to concerns of local business owners and citizens, and partly in response to regional science findings about OA and other water quality concerns (Cross et al. 2019; Barton et al. 2015). Their actions provide lessons and examples about how to create successful coalitions, policies, management strategies, and lasting progress. These local efforts add up to global-level changes that benefit the overall health of our ocean, climate, and communities and demonstrate how emerging ocean-related climate concerns can be addressed by local, state, and regional action. When U.S. Federal action on climate has been stalled or stymied, state and local efforts have been key components of sustaining climate progress. Even when Federal action does advance, subnational governments have complemented this progress by serving as “laboratories of democracy”1 and acting quickly to innovate and experiment with new policies and programs. Furthermore, states and local communities are where climate impacts–like OA–manifest and are felt, and where actions can respond to local concerns. State climate leadership helps pave the way for ambitious national and international climate action, and it will continue to be needed as the world works to build durable climate efforts. Regardless of Federal actions, subnational climate ambition ensures that critical on-the-ground implementation can continue to move forward. From 2016 to 2020, U.S. Federal ambition and action on addressing the climate crisis sharply decreased. Under the Trump Administration, the United States pulled out of the Paris Agreement; rolled back more than one hundred environmental regulations governing clean air, greenhouse gas emissions, water quality, toxic substances, and more (Popovich et al. 2020); attempted to defund climate science with proposed Federal budget cuts to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and other agencies that directly deal with climate change (Witze et al. 2020); and left a gaping hole where the U.S. had","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"49 1","pages":"547 - 554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44170689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-24DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2021.1947133
C. R. Whitefield, Caren E. Braby, J. Barth
Fossil fuel combustion and related accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and oceans have contributed significantly to climate and ocean change. While coastal upwelling is responsible for the incredible diversity and productivity that has fueled iconic West Coast wild fisheries and ecosystems, it also is the source of extremes in OAH impacts, especially during the late summer (e.g., Chan et al. 2019). While upwelled waters of the California Current Ecosystem are typically low in dissolved oxygen (DO), high in dissolved CO2 and thus more acidified, the chemical balance of upwelled waters has notably changed in recent decades. Ocean absorption of atmospheric CO2 and other ocean changes are resulting in upwelled waters lower or more acidified in pH, higher in CO2 and further depressed in dissolved oxygen (DO) (e.g., Chan et al. 2019). As a result, the West Coast of North America is now considered a hotspot of ocean acidification and hypoxia (OAH). Even as ocean conditions are predicted to change further over the coming decades (e.g., Ekstrom et al. 2015; Hodgson et al. 2018), Oregon and the West Coast are experiencing ocean changes today and expecting further trends in shifting ocean food webs (e.g., Marshall et al. 2017; Xiu et al. 2018), loss of fishery productivity (e.g., Lomonico et al. 2021; Haugen et al. 2021), and reduced economic opportunity for ocean-dependent businesses (e.g., Doney et al. 2020; Hoelting and Burkardt 2017). This paper focuses on identifiable actions that human communities are taking in reaction to ocean change to mitigate these increasingly apparent impacts. Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery, located in Netarts Bay, Oregon, was among the first places in the world to experience direct impacts from ocean acidification (OA) starting in 2006/2007 (Barton et al. 2015). At that time the hatchery was suddenly unable to reliably produce Pacific oyster larvae (Magallana gigas), with production reduced by over 75% (Barton et al. 2015). As a result, oyster seed supply became limited from Alaska to California, threatening the West Coast’s $270 million dollar oyster growing industry (Northern Economics, Inc. 2013). In response, Oregon
{"title":"Capacity Building to Address Ocean Change: Organizing Across Communities of Place, Practice and Governance to Achieve Ocean Acidification and Hypoxia Resilience in Oregon","authors":"C. R. Whitefield, Caren E. Braby, J. Barth","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2021.1947133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2021.1947133","url":null,"abstract":"Fossil fuel combustion and related accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and oceans have contributed significantly to climate and ocean change. While coastal upwelling is responsible for the incredible diversity and productivity that has fueled iconic West Coast wild fisheries and ecosystems, it also is the source of extremes in OAH impacts, especially during the late summer (e.g., Chan et al. 2019). While upwelled waters of the California Current Ecosystem are typically low in dissolved oxygen (DO), high in dissolved CO2 and thus more acidified, the chemical balance of upwelled waters has notably changed in recent decades. Ocean absorption of atmospheric CO2 and other ocean changes are resulting in upwelled waters lower or more acidified in pH, higher in CO2 and further depressed in dissolved oxygen (DO) (e.g., Chan et al. 2019). As a result, the West Coast of North America is now considered a hotspot of ocean acidification and hypoxia (OAH). Even as ocean conditions are predicted to change further over the coming decades (e.g., Ekstrom et al. 2015; Hodgson et al. 2018), Oregon and the West Coast are experiencing ocean changes today and expecting further trends in shifting ocean food webs (e.g., Marshall et al. 2017; Xiu et al. 2018), loss of fishery productivity (e.g., Lomonico et al. 2021; Haugen et al. 2021), and reduced economic opportunity for ocean-dependent businesses (e.g., Doney et al. 2020; Hoelting and Burkardt 2017). This paper focuses on identifiable actions that human communities are taking in reaction to ocean change to mitigate these increasingly apparent impacts. Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery, located in Netarts Bay, Oregon, was among the first places in the world to experience direct impacts from ocean acidification (OA) starting in 2006/2007 (Barton et al. 2015). At that time the hatchery was suddenly unable to reliably produce Pacific oyster larvae (Magallana gigas), with production reduced by over 75% (Barton et al. 2015). As a result, oyster seed supply became limited from Alaska to California, threatening the West Coast’s $270 million dollar oyster growing industry (Northern Economics, Inc. 2013). In response, Oregon","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"49 1","pages":"532 - 546"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48564448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-24DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2021.1947125
Jessie Turner, Eric S. Laschever
Anthropogenic carbon emissions are increasing atmospheric carbon concentrations. Global oceans absorb about one-fourth of these emissions each year (Friedlingstein et al., 2020). Seawater’s carbon absorption initiates several chemical reactions, including the production of carbonic acid, reduction in the availability of calcium carbonate ion, and declining pH (Doney et al. 2009). This process of chemical changes is called ocean acidification (OA). Models predict that under a “business as usual” greenhouse gas emissions scenario (RCP 8.5), the ocean may become 150% more acidified by 2100 (Phillips et al. 2018 and references therein). As with many climate change impacts, OA is occurring and interacting with many other stressors including ocean warming and deoxygenation, and non-climate-related stressors like development, habitat degradation and pollution (IPCC 2019). In coastal systems, processes including upwelling, nutrient loading (magnified by wastewater), pollutions and freshwater inputs can further exacerbate conditions (Duarte et al. 2013 and references therein). Increasing OA, combined with these multiple stressors, threatens marine species and ecosystems that are essential for sustaining jobs and supporting coastal economies (Jewett et al. 2020). Oyster larvae are particularly vulnerable to corrosive conditions and were among the earliest indicators of increasing acidification (Barton et al. 2012; 2015). Studies across the world are examining acidification’s full lifecycle impacts on shellfish including oysters, lobster, crab, shrimp and mussels. Additionally, simulated acidified conditions cause olfactory and behavioral changes in juvenile salmon (Williams et al. 2019) suggesting that OA could impact finfish. Pteropods, one of the building blocks of marine food webs, show significant signs of shell dissolution under acidified conditions (Bednaršek et al. 2018). And in 2020, studies confirmed existing impacts to wild populations of economically valuable crustaceans, finding that OA was causing carapace dissolution and damage to sensory organs in West Coast Dungeness crabs (Bednaršek et al. 2020). In the U.S., NOAA has increasingly focused attention and funding on regional vulnerability assessments looking at impacts to oysters, scallops and human communities that reply on species that are most at risk from ocean change (NOAA 2017). Many communities in the U.S. and worldwide rely on coastal resources for food, nutrients that sustain health, economic stability, and practicing of cultural and indigenous traditions. Increasingly acidified waters threaten species of cultural importance and may impact Tribal Treaty Rights of Tribal and First Nation communities (Crosman et al. 2019). One study estimates that OA may contribute to billions of dollars in losses to communities in the U.S. from the North Pacific to the Caribbean (Jewett et al. 2020). The shellfish industry in the Pacific Northwest contributes an estimated $270
人为碳排放正在增加大气中的碳浓度。全球海洋每年吸收约四分之一的这些排放(Friedlingstein et al.， 2020)。海水对碳的吸收引发了几种化学反应，包括碳酸的产生、碳酸钙离子可用性的降低和pH值的下降(Doney et al. 2009)。这种化学变化过程被称为海洋酸化(OA)。模型预测，在“一切照旧”的温室气体排放情景(RCP 8.5)下，到2100年，海洋的酸化程度可能会提高150% (Phillips et al. 2018及其中的参考文献)。与许多气候变化影响一样，OA正在发生并与许多其他压力因素相互作用，包括海洋变暖和脱氧，以及与气候无关的压力因素，如发展、栖息地退化和污染(IPCC 2019)。在沿海系统中，上升流、营养物负荷(被废水放大)、污染和淡水输入等过程会进一步加剧情况(Duarte et al. 2013及其中的参考文献)。OA的增加，加上这些多重压力源，对维持就业和支持沿海经济至关重要的海洋物种和生态系统构成了威胁(Jewett et al. 2020)。牡蛎幼虫特别容易受到腐蚀条件的影响，并且是酸化加剧的最早指标之一(Barton et al. 2012;2015)。世界各地的研究都在研究酸化对贝类的整个生命周期的影响，包括牡蛎、龙虾、螃蟹、虾和贻贝。此外，模拟酸化条件会导致幼年鲑鱼的嗅觉和行为变化(Williams et al. 2019)，这表明OA可能会影响鳍鱼。翼足类动物是海洋食物网的组成部分之一，在酸化条件下显示出明显的外壳溶解迹象(Bednaršek et al. 2018)。而在2020年，研究证实了对具有经济价值的甲壳类野生种群的现有影响，发现OA正在导致西海岸邓杰内斯蟹的甲壳溶解和感觉器官损伤(Bednaršek et al. 2020)。在美国，NOAA越来越多地将注意力和资金集中在区域脆弱性评估上，研究对牡蛎、扇贝和人类社区的影响，这些社区对海洋变化风险最大的物种做出回应(NOAA 2017)。美国和世界各地的许多社区依靠沿海资源获取食物、维持健康、经济稳定的营养物质，并实践文化和土著传统。日益酸化的海水威胁到具有文化重要性的物种，并可能影响部落和第一民族社区的部落条约权利(Crosman et al. 2019)。一项研究估计，OA可能会给美国从北太平洋到加勒比地区的社区造成数十亿美元的损失(Jewett et al. 2020)。太平洋西北部的贝类产业估计贡献了270美元
{"title":"Introduction to Coastal Management Journal Special Issue on Ocean Acidification","authors":"Jessie Turner, Eric S. Laschever","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2021.1947125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2021.1947125","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic carbon emissions are increasing atmospheric carbon concentrations. Global oceans absorb about one-fourth of these emissions each year (Friedlingstein et al., 2020). Seawater’s carbon absorption initiates several chemical reactions, including the production of carbonic acid, reduction in the availability of calcium carbonate ion, and declining pH (Doney et al. 2009). This process of chemical changes is called ocean acidification (OA). Models predict that under a “business as usual” greenhouse gas emissions scenario (RCP 8.5), the ocean may become 150% more acidified by 2100 (Phillips et al. 2018 and references therein). As with many climate change impacts, OA is occurring and interacting with many other stressors including ocean warming and deoxygenation, and non-climate-related stressors like development, habitat degradation and pollution (IPCC 2019). In coastal systems, processes including upwelling, nutrient loading (magnified by wastewater), pollutions and freshwater inputs can further exacerbate conditions (Duarte et al. 2013 and references therein). Increasing OA, combined with these multiple stressors, threatens marine species and ecosystems that are essential for sustaining jobs and supporting coastal economies (Jewett et al. 2020). Oyster larvae are particularly vulnerable to corrosive conditions and were among the earliest indicators of increasing acidification (Barton et al. 2012; 2015). Studies across the world are examining acidification’s full lifecycle impacts on shellfish including oysters, lobster, crab, shrimp and mussels. Additionally, simulated acidified conditions cause olfactory and behavioral changes in juvenile salmon (Williams et al. 2019) suggesting that OA could impact finfish. Pteropods, one of the building blocks of marine food webs, show significant signs of shell dissolution under acidified conditions (Bednaršek et al. 2018). And in 2020, studies confirmed existing impacts to wild populations of economically valuable crustaceans, finding that OA was causing carapace dissolution and damage to sensory organs in West Coast Dungeness crabs (Bednaršek et al. 2020). In the U.S., NOAA has increasingly focused attention and funding on regional vulnerability assessments looking at impacts to oysters, scallops and human communities that reply on species that are most at risk from ocean change (NOAA 2017). Many communities in the U.S. and worldwide rely on coastal resources for food, nutrients that sustain health, economic stability, and practicing of cultural and indigenous traditions. Increasingly acidified waters threaten species of cultural importance and may impact Tribal Treaty Rights of Tribal and First Nation communities (Crosman et al. 2019). One study estimates that OA may contribute to billions of dollars in losses to communities in the U.S. from the North Pacific to the Caribbean (Jewett et al. 2020). The shellfish industry in the Pacific Northwest contributes an estimated $270","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"49 1","pages":"431 - 435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47502001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-24DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2021.1947130
S. Gonski, Micah J. Horwith, Skip Albertson, J. Bos, A. Brownlee, Natalie Coleman, C. Maloy, Mya Keyzers, C. Krembs, G. Pelletier, Elisa Rauschl, Holly R. Young, W. Cai
Abstract The Washington State Department of Ecology conducted a large-scale ocean acidification (OA) study in greater Puget Sound to: (1) produce a marine carbon dioxide (CO2) system dataset capable of distinguishing between long-term anthropogenic changes and natural variability, (2) characterize how rivers and freshwater drive OA conditions in the region, and (3) understand the relative influence of cumulative anthropogenic forcing on regional OA conditions. Marine CO2 system data were collected monthly at 20 stations between October 2018 and February 2020. While additional data are still needed, the climate-level data collected thus far have uncovered novel insights into spatiotemporal distributions of and variability in the regional marine CO2 system, especially at low salinities in shallow, river-forced shelf regions. The data provide a strong foundation with which to continue monitoring OA conditions across the region. More importantly, this work represents the first successful long-term OA monitoring program undertaken at the state-level by a regulatory agency. Therefore, we offer the work described herein as a blueprint to help state and local scientists and environmental and natural resource managers develop, implement, and conduct long-term OA monitoring programs and studies in their own contexts and jurisdictions.
{"title":"Monitoring Ocean Acidification within State Borders: Lessons from Washington State (USA)","authors":"S. Gonski, Micah J. Horwith, Skip Albertson, J. Bos, A. Brownlee, Natalie Coleman, C. Maloy, Mya Keyzers, C. Krembs, G. Pelletier, Elisa Rauschl, Holly R. Young, W. Cai","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2021.1947130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2021.1947130","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Washington State Department of Ecology conducted a large-scale ocean acidification (OA) study in greater Puget Sound to: (1) produce a marine carbon dioxide (CO2) system dataset capable of distinguishing between long-term anthropogenic changes and natural variability, (2) characterize how rivers and freshwater drive OA conditions in the region, and (3) understand the relative influence of cumulative anthropogenic forcing on regional OA conditions. Marine CO2 system data were collected monthly at 20 stations between October 2018 and February 2020. While additional data are still needed, the climate-level data collected thus far have uncovered novel insights into spatiotemporal distributions of and variability in the regional marine CO2 system, especially at low salinities in shallow, river-forced shelf regions. The data provide a strong foundation with which to continue monitoring OA conditions across the region. More importantly, this work represents the first successful long-term OA monitoring program undertaken at the state-level by a regulatory agency. Therefore, we offer the work described herein as a blueprint to help state and local scientists and environmental and natural resource managers develop, implement, and conduct long-term OA monitoring programs and studies in their own contexts and jurisdictions.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"49 1","pages":"487 - 509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48311114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-24DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2021.1947126
Jessie Turner, P. Gassett, Charlotte Dohrn, Hanna Miller, Chris Boylan, Eric S. Laschever
Abstract Increasing OA, combined with other stressors like warming and loss of oxygen, threatens marine species and ecosystems, including those that sustain jobs and support coastal economies. For the last 10 years, U.S. coastal states have played a key role in responding to OA specifically. In 2019, OA practitioners from the U.S. east and west coasts assembled for a multi-day conference focused on sharing and documenting advances in OA collaborations, governance and management strategies. Since that time, conference attendees, supported by conference organizer the International Alliance to Combat Ocean Acidification, have worked to distill the lessons learned and to synthesize collective experiences. To assist governments, agencies, and organizations in addressing OA, this paper describes state-level efforts to develop and implement OA actions within policy and management frameworks. We outline pathways to action and illustrate approaches that link OA with climate policy and environmental management.
{"title":"Opportunities for U.S. State Governments and in-Region Partners to Address Ocean Acidification through Management and Policy Frameworks","authors":"Jessie Turner, P. Gassett, Charlotte Dohrn, Hanna Miller, Chris Boylan, Eric S. Laschever","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2021.1947126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2021.1947126","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Increasing OA, combined with other stressors like warming and loss of oxygen, threatens marine species and ecosystems, including those that sustain jobs and support coastal economies. For the last 10 years, U.S. coastal states have played a key role in responding to OA specifically. In 2019, OA practitioners from the U.S. east and west coasts assembled for a multi-day conference focused on sharing and documenting advances in OA collaborations, governance and management strategies. Since that time, conference attendees, supported by conference organizer the International Alliance to Combat Ocean Acidification, have worked to distill the lessons learned and to synthesize collective experiences. To assist governments, agencies, and organizations in addressing OA, this paper describes state-level efforts to develop and implement OA actions within policy and management frameworks. We outline pathways to action and illustrate approaches that link OA with climate policy and environmental management.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"49 1","pages":"436 - 457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08920753.2021.1947126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44542859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-03DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2021.1928454
Lijun Wang, Tao Li
Abstract China seeks to improve the utilization and conservation of marine resources during its 14th Five-Year Period. This is a challenging task considering its poor performance in marine fisheries governance over the decades. This study attempts to elucidate the latent root cause of China’s poor marine fisheries governance through a systematic review of its policies in fisheries conservation. Results show that although some individual policies are accountable for the low efficacy of China’s marine fisheries governance, a fundamental obstacle stems from the internal contradictions of the policy system. Thus, to improve the governance of marine fisheries in China, a more careful institutional design at the top level is needed. The findings of this study can help provide a new window into China’s marine fisheries governance in the past and future.
{"title":"Marine Fisheries Governance in China: Low-Efficacy Policies and Future Adjustments","authors":"Lijun Wang, Tao Li","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2021.1928454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2021.1928454","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract China seeks to improve the utilization and conservation of marine resources during its 14th Five-Year Period. This is a challenging task considering its poor performance in marine fisheries governance over the decades. This study attempts to elucidate the latent root cause of China’s poor marine fisheries governance through a systematic review of its policies in fisheries conservation. Results show that although some individual policies are accountable for the low efficacy of China’s marine fisheries governance, a fundamental obstacle stems from the internal contradictions of the policy system. Thus, to improve the governance of marine fisheries in China, a more careful institutional design at the top level is needed. The findings of this study can help provide a new window into China’s marine fisheries governance in the past and future.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"49 1","pages":"313 - 333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08920753.2021.1928454","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43929588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2021.1899901
Yen-Chiang Chang, Bin Xu, Shuo Li
Abstract “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) is a Chinese initiative to promote multinational economic cooperation and enhance worldwide prosperity. This Initiative’s impact on other countries’ maritime law and policy is worth exploring. This paper discusses the BRI and its impact on Japanese shipping laws, emphasizing the importance of Sino-Japanese economic cooperation. It is observed that Japanese private enterprises appear to have a more open attitude than that of the Japanese government toward the BRI. By participating in the BRI, Japanese companies can be more involved in international multimodal transport, not only as shippers utilizing the improved rail and sea carriage network to ship their products but also as multimodal transport operators providing logistical services. This may further trigger the development of Japanese shipping law, so that Japan can better benefit from the connectivity brought by the BRI and address new geopolitical challenges created by it.
{"title":"The Impact of “Belt and Road Initiative” on Japanese Shipping Law","authors":"Yen-Chiang Chang, Bin Xu, Shuo Li","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2021.1899901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2021.1899901","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) is a Chinese initiative to promote multinational economic cooperation and enhance worldwide prosperity. This Initiative’s impact on other countries’ maritime law and policy is worth exploring. This paper discusses the BRI and its impact on Japanese shipping laws, emphasizing the importance of Sino-Japanese economic cooperation. It is observed that Japanese private enterprises appear to have a more open attitude than that of the Japanese government toward the BRI. By participating in the BRI, Japanese companies can be more involved in international multimodal transport, not only as shippers utilizing the improved rail and sea carriage network to ship their products but also as multimodal transport operators providing logistical services. This may further trigger the development of Japanese shipping law, so that Japan can better benefit from the connectivity brought by the BRI and address new geopolitical challenges created by it.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"49 1","pages":"233 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08920753.2021.1899901","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44627809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2021.1899914
A. Ispas, E. Untaru, A. Candrea, Heesup Han
Abstract Tourism destination literature identifies place identity and place dependence as prominent dimensions of place attachment. Despite their importance, only limited research has been carried out to examine the likely influence of these constructs on satisfaction and loyalty in the context of an Eastern European post-communist country. Romanian coastal destinations were analyzed due to their high rate of domestic return visitors with possible connections to the fact that these were their only coastal tourism option during communist times. Our results reveal that place identity and place dependence for Black Sea coastal destinations significantly influence satisfaction and loyalty toward such destinations and that satisfaction has a significant mediating role between place attachment and loyalty intentions for these destinations. Findings also reveal that in the case of tourists with a low visitation frequency, satisfaction influences their intention to recommend the destination to other people. Our findings help Black Sea coastal destination marketers strengthen tourists’ place attachment, satisfaction, and destination loyalty.
{"title":"Impact of Place Identity and Place Dependence on Satisfaction and Loyalty toward Black Sea Coastal Destinations: The Role of Visitation Frequency","authors":"A. Ispas, E. Untaru, A. Candrea, Heesup Han","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2021.1899914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2021.1899914","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tourism destination literature identifies place identity and place dependence as prominent dimensions of place attachment. Despite their importance, only limited research has been carried out to examine the likely influence of these constructs on satisfaction and loyalty in the context of an Eastern European post-communist country. Romanian coastal destinations were analyzed due to their high rate of domestic return visitors with possible connections to the fact that these were their only coastal tourism option during communist times. Our results reveal that place identity and place dependence for Black Sea coastal destinations significantly influence satisfaction and loyalty toward such destinations and that satisfaction has a significant mediating role between place attachment and loyalty intentions for these destinations. Findings also reveal that in the case of tourists with a low visitation frequency, satisfaction influences their intention to recommend the destination to other people. Our findings help Black Sea coastal destination marketers strengthen tourists’ place attachment, satisfaction, and destination loyalty.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"49 1","pages":"250 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08920753.2021.1899914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45857918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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