Ecological Economics最新文献_第2页

From grand challenges to bold solutions: Investor perspectives on financing urban climate change adaptation 从重大挑战到大胆解决方案：投资者对城市气候变化适应融资的看法

IF 6.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108879

Stella Whittaker , Craig Johnson , Nicola Ranger , Esben Rahbek Gjerdrum Pedersen

Cities around the world are becoming increasingly vulnerable to climate change, but their ability to attract private finance for urban climate change adaptation (UCCA) has been limited. Based on a comprehensive mapping of current finance regimes in Copenhagen, London and Singapore, the article explores how private investors perceive the challenges and opportunities for financing city-level innovations in UCCA. Our research question involves examining the perspectives of investors regarding UCCA opportunities and challenges, specifically focusing on the prospects for transforming the current finance regime. Theoretically, the study draws on the rich literature on sustainability transitions and strategic niche management to develop a new conceptual framework for categorising ‘conforming’ and ‘stretching’ interventions for financing UCCA. The analysis is based on 51 semi-structured interviews as well as secondary information on UCCA policies and finance documents. The interview respondents indicate that market imperfections, including incomplete and asymmetric information, positive and negative externalities and imperfect finance markets, as well as path-dependent practices and views, hinder investment. Overall, the study contributes to an emerging body of scholarship that seeks to understand the conditions under which public and private actors may collaborate in generating enabling conditions for financing UCCA.

世界各地的城市正变得越来越容易受到气候变化的影响，但它们吸引私人资金用于城市气候变化适应（UCCA）的能力有限。本文通过对哥本哈根、伦敦和新加坡当前金融制度的全面分析，探讨了私人投资者如何看待为UCCA城市级创新融资的挑战和机遇。我们的研究问题包括考察投资者对UCCA机遇和挑战的看法，特别关注当前金融体制转型的前景。从理论上讲，该研究借鉴了关于可持续性转型和战略利基管理的丰富文献，开发了一个新的概念框架，用于对UCCA融资的“符合”和“延伸”干预进行分类。该分析基于51个半结构化访谈以及关于UCCA政策和财务文件的次要信息。受访者表示，市场不完善，包括信息不完全和不对称、正外部性和负外部性、不完善的金融市场，以及路径依赖的做法和观点，阻碍了投资。总体而言，该研究有助于形成一个新兴的学术体系，旨在了解公共和私人行为体合作为UCCA融资创造有利条件的条件。

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引用次数: 0

The value of cooperation for biodiversity conservation policies 生物多样性保护政策合作的价值

IF 6.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108901

Matteo Zavalloni , François Bareille

Collective schemes are promising tools for improving biodiversity conservation policies within rural landscapes. Yet, despite being at the core of their design, cooperation and its underlying mechanisms have seldom been addressed explicitly by the literature on the topic. Our paper addresses this gap in the case of the agglomeration bonus (AB), by assessing the benefits of landowners’ cooperation in conserving biodiversity through ABs with varying degrees of “collectiveness” (i.e., differing in terms of the “rules” governing landowners’ enrollment into the AB). Methodologically, we couple an ecological-economic model with a group formation game to endogenize both landowners’ cooperation and conservation responses to ABs characterized by different landowner-level enrollment rules and plot-level payments. Solving the model numerically on fictitious landscapes, we show that larger groups conserve biodiversity more cost-effectively. Findings indicate that the “value of cooperation” – defined as the difference in biodiversity achieved through collective vs. individual responses to the same plot-level payments – amounts to between 10 and 45 percent. As it leads to the highest degree of cooperation, we show that “open-list ABs” are generally the most cost-effective schemes, followed by “closed-list ABs” (where, contrary to open-list ABs, landowners can exclude someone from the group), “individual ABs” (where “groups” are limited to one landowner), and, finally, standard homogeneous payments (where bonuses are null). These results stress the importance of the very design of collective schemes to boost the effectiveness of conservation policies.

集体计划是改善农村景观内生物多样性保护政策的有希望的工具。然而，尽管合作是其设计的核心，但关于该主题的文献很少明确地讨论合作及其潜在机制。本文通过评估土地所有者通过不同程度的“集体性”（即管理土地所有者加入集聚奖励的“规则”不同）在保护生物多样性方面的合作效益，解决了集聚奖励（AB）案例中的这一差距。在方法上，我们将生态经济模型与群体形成博弈相结合，以内化土地所有者对不同土地所有者级别的登记规则和地块级别的支付特征的ABs的合作和保护响应。通过对虚拟景观的数值求解，我们发现更大的群体能更有效地保护生物多样性。研究结果表明，“合作的价值”——定义为通过集体与个人对相同地块水平支付的反应而实现的生物多样性差异——在10%到45%之间。由于它导致最高程度的合作，我们表明“开放列表ABs”通常是最具成本效益的方案，其次是“封闭列表ABs”（与开放列表ABs相反，土地所有者可以将某人排除在群体之外），“个人ABs”（其中“群体”仅限于一个土地所有者），最后是标准同质支付（其中奖金为零）。这些结果强调了设计集体方案以提高保护政策有效性的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Measuring equity in environmental care: Methodology and an application to traffic-related air pollution 衡量环境保护中的公平性：方法及其在交通相关空气污染中的应用

IF 6.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108902

Antonio Abatemarco , Roberto Dell’Anno , Elena Lagomarsino

Environmental policies generate benefits that are unevenly distributed across individuals, raising concerns about the equity of environmental policy effort. This paper proposes a normative and methodological framework to assess equity in environmental care, defined as the benefits individuals receive from policy interventions intended to improve environmental quality. Building on a Rawlsian fairness principle, we adapt direct and indirect standardization techniques from the health economics literature to evaluate whether environmental care is allocated proportionally to environmental needs. We apply the framework to traffic-related air pollution policies implemented by Italian municipalities between 2012 and 2021. Our results show that overall disparities in environmental care have declined over time, largely due to a reduction in horizontal inequity. Nonetheless, significant socioeconomic disparities persist: individuals residing in lower-income municipalities receive disproportionately less environmental care relative to their environmental needs.

环境政策产生的利益在个人之间分配不均，这引起了人们对环境政策努力公平性的担忧。本文提出了一个评估环境保护公平性的规范和方法框架，环境保护公平性被定义为个人从旨在改善环境质量的政策干预中获得的利益。在罗尔斯公平原则的基础上，我们采用卫生经济学文献中的直接和间接标准化技术来评估环境护理是否按比例分配给环境需求。我们将该框架应用于意大利各城市在2012年至2021年期间实施的与交通有关的空气污染政策。我们的研究结果表明，随着时间的推移，环境保护方面的总体差异有所下降，这主要是由于横向不平等的减少。尽管如此，显著的社会经济差异仍然存在：居住在低收入城市的个人获得的环境护理相对于他们的环境需求而言不成比例地少。

引用次数: 0

IF 6.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108911

Massimo Cervesato

引用次数: 0

Impact of sustainable land management on household resilience gaps: Evidence from China's marginalized farmers 土地可持续管理对家庭弹性差距的影响：来自中国边缘农民的证据

IF 6.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108913

Fangyi Wang , Lihua Zhou

With global land degradation worsening, sustainable land management practices (SLMPs, including applying organic fertilizer and mulching) have been widely promoted to enhance agricultural productivity, reduce income risks, and foster social peace. Using survey data from 1807 farming households in China, this study employs a multinomial endogenous switching regression (MESR) model to examine the adoption of different SLMPs and their effects on economic resilience (ER, measured by log household income) and comprehensive resilience (CR, a composite index constructed by incorporating absorptive, self-organizing, and learning capacities). The results reveal that adoption of soil fertility improvement (SFI) significantly reduces ER by 22.80 %, whereas adoption of soil conservation and ecocycle practices (SCE) and joint adoption of SFI and SCE significantly enhance it. In contrast, all adoption strategies significantly improve farmers' CR, with joint adoption generating the largest gains. Heterogeneity analysis further reveals that, compared to non-adopters, joint adoption significantly reduces the gender-based ER gap (measured by the difference in resilience between marginalized and reference groups under each adoption scenario) from 2.966 to 1.143, and reduces regional resilience gap, whereas it widens the resilience gap between small- and large-scale farmers. These findings highlight the importance of SLMPs policies that prioritize marginalized groups, particularly women, farmers in less-developed regions, and smallholders, to promote resilience equity in developing countries.

随着全球土地退化的加剧，可持续土地管理实践（SLMPs，包括施用有机肥和覆盖）得到了广泛推广，以提高农业生产力，减少收入风险，促进社会和平。本研究利用中国1807个农户的调查数据，采用多项内生转换回归（MESR）模型，考察了不同农户采用不同的slmp及其对经济弹性（ER，以对数家庭收入衡量）和综合弹性（CR，一个综合吸收能力、自组织能力和学习能力构建的综合指数）的影响。结果表明，土壤肥力改良措施（SFI）显著降低了22.80%的土壤内能，而土壤保持与生态循环措施（SCE）和土壤保持与生态循环联合措施（SFI和SCE）显著提高了土壤内能。相比之下，所有采用策略都显著提高了农民的社会责任，其中联合采用产生的收益最大。异质性分析进一步表明，与非收养者相比，共同收养显著缩小了基于性别的ER差距（以不同收养情景下边缘群体和参考群体的弹性差异衡量），从2.966降至1.143，缩小了区域弹性差距，但扩大了小农和大农之间的弹性差距。这些发现强调了优先考虑边缘化群体（特别是妇女、欠发达地区的农民和小农）的SLMPs政策对于促进发展中国家抵御力公平的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Socio-ecological inequalities in housing consumption: How income, urban form, and tenure drive carbon footprints 住房消费中的社会生态不平等：收入、城市形态和权属如何驱动碳足迹

IF 6.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108896

Federico Savini , Mira Kopp , Cody Hochstenbach , Leshem Cohen , Peter Berrill , Stefano Merciai

The provision of decent housing is both a global social priority and a productive activity with long-term environmental implications. Investigating the unequal distribution of housing resources and their associated greenhouse gas emissions, from heating to materials, construction, and use, allows us to foreground housing as a key site of socio-ecological inequalities in today's economies. This paper develops a model for assessing such inequalities as they relate to the overall use of materials and energy in the provision and operation of housing. Our interdisciplinary and multidimensional analysis of housing consumption in the Netherlands brings together income, urban form, building age, tenure, and housing typology, and includes patterns of mobility and daily use. We draw on a unique combination of sources—register data about the Dutch population and housing stock, a mobility survey, and life cycle inventory data—to reveal that a) the carbon footprint per person differs starkly between richest and poorest groups; b) the low-density locations and income of richer households drive mobility emissions; c) rental units show larger carbon footprints related to lower quality housing stock; and d) suburbanization offsets emissions-saving investments in owner-occupied stock. We end by calling for further interdisciplinary research into ways to provide socially just and environmentally sustainable housing, and policy interventions to tackle excess in housing consumption, invest in social rental stock, and foster density in planning policies.

提供体面住房既是一项全球社会优先事项，也是一项具有长期环境影响的生产性活动。调查住房资源的不平等分配及其相关的温室气体排放，从供暖到材料，建筑和使用，使我们能够将住房作为当今经济中社会生态不平等的关键场所。本文开发了一个模型来评估这种不平等，因为它们与住房供应和运营中材料和能源的总体使用有关。我们对荷兰住房消费的跨学科和多维分析汇集了收入、城市形态、建筑年龄、使用权和住房类型，包括流动性和日常使用模式。我们利用一系列独特的来源——荷兰人口和住房存量登记数据、流动性调查和生命周期清单数据——揭示了a)最富裕和最贫穷群体的人均碳足迹存在明显差异；B)低密度地区和较富裕家庭的收入推动了交通排放；C)租赁单位的碳足迹较大，与低质量住房存量有关；d)郊区化抵消了对自有住房的减排投资。最后，我们呼吁进一步开展跨学科研究，探讨如何提供社会公正和环境可持续的住房，并采取政策干预措施，解决住房消费过剩问题，投资社会租赁存量，并在规划政策中促进密度。

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引用次数: 0

Leveraging international trade for the ecological transition: Quantifying the drivers of planetary boundaries 利用国际贸易促进生态转型：量化地球边界的驱动因素

IF 6.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108907

Gabriel Santos Carneiro , Guilherme Riccioppo Magacho , Etienne Espagne

Seven of the nine Planetary Boundaries have been breached by now. As a large share of human economic activities is enabled by international trade, this paper aims to analyze the footprints of global trade over the planetary boundaries. Using a multi-regional input-output database, we calculate ecological footprints embodied in trade relations related to the different planetary boundaries for different countries and economic activities through a modified method of consumption-based accounting. Results suggest that the pressure on planetary boundaries attributable to global trade ranges from 19 % to 50 %, depending on the boundary. The heterogeneity in pressure levels reflects the diverse economic structures of countries and regions, highlighting the influence of geographic and productive factors on ecological footprints. In general, Europe, North America and East Asia tend to be major regions impacting boundaries due to their import structure. However, from an export perspective, the picture is more heterogenous, with almost every single region contributing to pressures in a different way. All in all, global trade policies appear to be an important potential leverage to mitigate pressures on planetary boundaries.

九个行星边界中的七个已经被突破了。由于人类经济活动的很大一部分是由国际贸易实现的，因此本文旨在分析全球贸易在地球边界上的足迹。利用多区域投入产出数据库，我们通过改进的基于消费的核算方法，计算了与不同国家和经济活动的不同地球边界相关的贸易关系中体现的生态足迹。结果表明，全球贸易对地球边界的压力在19%到50%之间，具体取决于边界。压力水平的异质性反映了国家和地区经济结构的差异性，突出了地理和生产因素对生态足迹的影响。总的来说，由于欧洲、北美和东亚的进口结构，它们往往是影响边界的主要区域。然而，从出口的角度来看，情况更加不同，几乎每个地区都以不同的方式造成压力。总而言之，全球贸易政策似乎是缓解地球边界压力的重要潜在杠杆。

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引用次数: 0

Impacts of conservation easements on perceived land tenure security 保护地役权对土地保有权安全的影响

IF 6.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108910

Heng Luo , Anthony Higney , Yanmei Ye , Jinghui Zhao , Nick Hanley

Secure land tenure is crucial for sustainable land use, influencing landowners' willingness to engage in conservation. This paper estimates the effects of conservation easements (CE) on rural households' perceived tenure security which would in turn impact the conservation efficacy of CEs. A conceptual framework linking changes in forestland tenure arrangements to perceived tenure security is proposed in the analysis. Based on data from a face-to-face survey with 305 households in 16 administrative villages, the analysis uses difference-in-differences with propensity score matching estimation techniques to test the effects in the context of China. The empirical results suggest that CEs have no significant impacts on perceived tenure security, measured by reported forestland conflicts and perceived likelihood of expropriation and reallocation. However, a subgroup regression shows that households with more privately managed forest plots perceive a rise in the likelihood of expropriation, highlighting the need for consideration of land tenure contexts in incentive-based conservation programs.

有保障的土地保有权对可持续土地利用至关重要，影响着土地所有者参与保护的意愿。本文分析了节约性地役权对农户权用保障感知的影响，农户权用保障感知反过来又会影响节约性地役权的保护效能。分析中提出了一个将林地权属安排的变化与感知到的权属保障联系起来的概念框架。基于对16个行政村305户家庭的面对面调查数据，分析采用差异中差异和倾向得分匹配估计技术来检验中国背景下的效果。实证结果表明，通过报告的林地冲突和感知的征地和再分配可能性来衡量，消费行为对感知的保有权安全没有显著影响。然而，亚组回归显示，拥有更多私人管理森林地块的家庭认为征用的可能性增加，这突出了在基于激励的保护计划中考虑土地权属背景的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Corporate biodiversity risk exposure in China: A system-based perspective from natural capital theory using machine and deep learning algorithms 中国企业生物多样性风险暴露：基于机器和深度学习算法的自然资本理论系统视角

IF 6.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108906

Peigong Li, Umeair Shahzad

This study examines the firm-level determinants of corporate biodiversity risk exposure by analyzing its associations with operational practices, financial activities, and governance structure. The theoretical framework builds on the system-based perspective of natural capital theory, which views ecosystems as essential assets supporting economic activity. Biodiversity risk is measured using a text analysis method that captures the frequency of biodiversity-related terms in financial reports, based on a structured biodiversity dictionary. The sample includes 1960 publicly listed Chinese firms from 2011 to 2022. To test the proposed framework, we apply machine learning algorithms such as support vector regression, random forest, and K-nearest neighbor, alongside deep learning models including long short-term memory and deep multilayer perceptron. The results show that firms with high resource use, carbon emissions, supply chain concentration, and financial leverage face greater biodiversity risk. In contrast, firms that invest in green innovation, attract institutional investors, and establish environmental governance committees report lower biodiversity exposure. Model validation using normal, cross-validation, and bootstrapping techniques confirms that deep learning models perform better than conventional machine learning in predicting biodiversity risk. The findings offer valuable insights for researchers and policymakers aiming to understand and reduce corporate biodiversity risks in complex industrial and ecological systems.

本研究通过分析企业生物多样性风险暴露与业务实践、财务活动和治理结构的关系，探讨了企业层面的决定因素。该理论框架建立在自然资本理论的系统视角上，该理论将生态系统视为支持经济活动的基本资产。生物多样性风险是通过一种文本分析方法来衡量的，该方法基于结构化的生物多样性词典，捕捉财务报告中生物多样性相关术语的频率。样本包括2011年至2022年间的1960家中国上市公司。为了测试所提出的框架，我们应用了机器学习算法，如支持向量回归、随机森林和k近邻，以及深度学习模型，包括长短期记忆和深度多层感知器。结果表明，资源利用、碳排放、供应链集中度和财务杠杆较高的企业面临更大的生物多样性风险。相比之下，投资于绿色创新、吸引机构投资者和建立环境治理委员会的公司报告的生物多样性风险较低。使用正态验证、交叉验证和自举技术的模型验证证实，深度学习模型在预测生物多样性风险方面比传统机器学习表现更好。这些发现为旨在了解和减少复杂工业和生态系统中企业生物多样性风险的研究人员和政策制定者提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Debunking competition - Global ecologically unequal exchange explained by exploitation and control relations 揭穿竞争——由剥削和控制关系解释的全球生态不平等交换

IF 6.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108909

Raffaele Guarino , Giulio Corsi , Enrique Muñoz-Ulecia

According to mainstream economic theory, competition is the fundamental force that regulates production and exchange in the global economy. It is presumed that countries compete in international markets with mutually beneficial outcomes for all parties. However, this assumption is challenged by increasing socioeconomic inequalities across and within countries, as well as global environmental degradation. Among other critical theories, Ecologically Unequal Exchange argues that international trade triggers asymmetries in the distribution of benefits and costs between Core and Periphery regions of the global economic system. We combined Environmentally Extended Multi-Regional Input-Output analysis and Ecological Network analysis to empirically determine which type of ecological relation (competition, control, exploitation or mutualism) characterizes the interaction between countries in international trade. Our research revealed that exploitation and control relations are far more prevalent than competition or mutualism in the global economy. Although the Periphery and Semi-periphery exhibit higher environmental intensities, the responsibility for most environmental degradation can be attributed to a few Core countries that drive resources' extraction and appropriation. Consequently, the Core enhances its economic and environmental performance by exploiting and controlling the Semi-periphery and Periphery. Our findings demonstrate that green growth and dematerialization policies may be unable to achieve socially fair and environmentally sustainable societies at the global level if the structure of the global economy remains unchanged.

根据主流经济理论，竞争是全球经济中调节生产和交换的根本力量。假定各国在国际市场上竞争是互利共赢的。然而，这一假设受到国家之间和国家内部日益加剧的社会经济不平等以及全球环境退化的挑战。在其他批判理论中，生态不平等交换理论认为，国际贸易引发了全球经济体系核心地区和外围地区之间利益和成本分配的不对称。我们结合了环境扩展的多区域投入产出分析和生态网络分析，实证地确定了哪种类型的生态关系（竞争、控制、剥削或互惠）是国际贸易中国家之间互动的特征。我们的研究表明，在全球经济中，剥削和控制关系远比竞争或互惠更为普遍。尽管外围和半外围表现出较高的环境强度，但大多数环境退化的责任可归因于少数推动资源开采和占用的核心国家。因此，核心通过开发和控制半外围和外围来提高其经济和环境绩效。我们的研究结果表明，如果全球经济结构保持不变，绿色增长和非物质化政策可能无法在全球层面实现社会公平和环境可持续的社会。

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引用次数: 0