Ecological Economics最新文献_第2页

Embodied universalism: An Aristotelian perspective for evaluating the good life 具身普遍主义：亚里士多德评价美好生活的观点

IF 6.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2026.108946

Cécile Ezvan , Fiona Ottaviani

In this conceptual and methodological contribution, we focus on indicators of the good life and examine how an embodied form of universalism in qualitative and quantitative methods of evaluating the good life may be promoted. We aim to explore what type of universalism can align with a localized understanding of the good life. To achieve our purpose, we propose a gnoseological and ethical framework, grounded in an Aristotelian perspective. This framework supports a universalist goal while avoiding the homogenization often linked to the commensuration process.

Our study main results consists in an ethical and gnoseological framework for understanding the good life based on 4 principles: (1) considering plural dimensions of the good life (not just well-being) as a purpose, (2) analyzing the plurality of causes and effects, (3) identifying sufficient thresholds (rather than focusing solely on exponential growth), and (4) practicing evaluation as an art for citizens (instead of mere calculations by technical experts).

We emphasize how indicators based on our framework can foster collective reflection on values, rather than reducing qualitative aspects to quantitative measures. While the embodied universalism highlighted in this paper helps avoid some of the pitfalls of abstract universality, this art of composition required for evaluating the good life implies both to respect these universal principles and to adopt a tailor-made evaluation process to embody the approach in each specific context.

在这一概念和方法上的贡献中，我们关注美好生活的指标，并研究如何在评估美好生活的定性和定量方法中体现普遍主义。我们的目标是探索哪种类型的普遍主义可以与对美好生活的本地化理解相一致。为了达到我们的目的，我们提出了一个基于亚里士多德观点的灵知学和伦理框架。该框架支持普遍主义目标，同时避免了通常与通约过程相关的同质化。我们的研究主要结果包括基于4项原则的理解美好生活的伦理和灵知学框架：(1)考虑美好生活的多个维度（不仅仅是福祉）作为目的，(2)分析原因和结果的多样性，(3)确定足够的阈值（而不是仅仅关注指数增长），以及(4)将评估作为公民的一门艺术（而不仅仅是技术专家的计算）。我们强调基于我们框架的指标如何能够促进对价值观的集体反思，而不是将定性方面简化为定量措施。虽然本文强调的具体普遍主义有助于避免抽象普遍性的一些陷阱，但这种评估美好生活所需的构成艺术意味着既要尊重这些普遍原则，又要采用量身定制的评估过程来体现每种具体情况下的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Fishery management for food and nutrition security in Peru under a changing climate 气候变化下秘鲁的粮食和营养安全渔业管理

IF 6.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2026.108941

Biao Huang , Ricardo Oliveros-Ramos , Marie-Catherine Riekhof , Renato Salvatteci

The Humboldt Current System off Peru is one of the most productive marine ecosystems in the world, and its seafood products contain high-quality protein and essential micronutrients. Yet, malnutrition is still a staggering burden for Peru. We suggest and explore fishery management aiming to increase nutrient availability for the local population as a possible solution. We empirically estimated a four fish species model with consideration of climate change and constructed a nutrient-based optimization model. This enabled us to evaluate fishery management strategies, their production potential for a number of nutrients (omega-3 fatty acids, protein, and iron) and to compare them with Peru's national nutrient requirements. We found that if anchovy is harvested exclusively for export as fishmeal and fish oil, the other three species cannot provide adequate nutrient supply to meet even one-third of Peru's national requirements. The gap between the supply from these three fisheries and the national requirements for these three nutrients is equivalent to 0.087, 1.6, and 2.93 million tons of anchovy, respectively. Including the anchovy harvest in the nutrient supply from the fisheries suffices for national nutrient security purposes. It can, however, lead to significant economic losses for the fishmeal and fish oil industries, thus highlighting the trade-offs in fishery management. Our analysis identifies options for aligning fishery management with national health policies in developing countries where nutrition intake is insufficient to achieve sustainable development goals.

秘鲁外海的洪堡洋流系统是世界上最具生产力的海洋生态系统之一，其海产品含有高质量的蛋白质和必需的微量营养素。然而，营养不良对秘鲁来说仍然是一个沉重的负担。我们建议并探索旨在增加当地人口营养供应的渔业管理作为一种可能的解决方案。我们对考虑气候变化的四种鱼类模型进行了实证估计，并构建了基于营养的优化模型。这使我们能够评估渔业管理战略及其对多种营养物质（omega-3脂肪酸、蛋白质和铁）的生产潜力，并将其与秘鲁的国家营养需求进行比较。我们发现，如果凤尾鱼只用于作为鱼粉和鱼油出口，其他三种鱼类甚至不能提供足够的营养供应，甚至不能满足秘鲁国家需求的三分之一。这3家渔场的供应量与国家需求量的差距分别为0.087万吨、160万吨、293万吨。将凤尾鱼收获纳入渔业的营养供应中，足以保障国家的营养安全。然而，它可能给鱼粉和鱼油工业造成重大经济损失，从而突出了渔业管理中的权衡取舍。我们的分析确定了将渔业管理与营养摄入量不足以实现可持续发展目标的发展中国家的国家卫生政策相结合的备选方案。

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引用次数: 0

Radical ecological economics: A paradigm from the global south 激进生态经济学：来自全球南方的范例

IF 6.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2026.108939

David Barkin , Erika Carcaño , Claudia Camacho , Alejandra Sánchez

Radical Ecological Economics is a more appropriate way for collaboration with communities in the Global South. It transcends the conceptual and methodological premises of Ecological Economics, integrating realities that are not commonly considered, but exist and actively resist throughout the world. The text addresses three major areas: 1) the broadening of the understanding of the social, not only as “the human” but as the encounter of complex structures of organization, of biological and cultural reproduction, of identity reaffirmation and even the search for autonomy in the face of historical oppressions whose leadership is entrusted to a Revolutionary Communitarian Subject; 2) the understanding that, within this social complexity, there are realities that are not generally considered, in which the natural endowment and goods for consumption and enjoyment are not allocated by market mechanisms; where production is organized as part of the social fabric; in which surpluses take multiple material and non-material forms, and are distributed for the common good (human and non-human); and in which socioecological metabolic configurations are nourished by historical cosmovisions that respect the biophysical limits of ecosystems; 3) REE has clear ontological, epistemological, methodological, and political foundations, taking into account a diversity of realities. This formulation offers a comprehensive method to understand the multiple worlds and approaches of millenarian societies that now are forging worlds outside the capitalist model by communities committed to alleviating the multi-scale crisis that afflicts them.

激进生态经济学是一种更适合与全球南方社区合作的方式。它超越了生态经济学的概念和方法论前提，整合了通常不被考虑，但在世界各地存在并积极抵制的现实。本文涉及三个主要领域：1)扩大对社会的理解，不仅作为“人类”，而且作为复杂的组织结构，生物和文化再生产，身份重申，甚至在面对历史压迫时寻求自治，其领导权被委托给革命的社群主义主体；2)认识到，在这种复杂的社会中，有一些通常没有被考虑到的现实，其中自然禀赋和用于消费和享受的商品不是由市场机制分配的；生产作为社会结构的一部分组织起来的地方；剩余以多种物质和非物质形式存在，并为共同利益（人类和非人类）进行分配；社会生态代谢结构是由尊重生态系统生物物理极限的历史宇宙观滋养的；3)考虑到现实的多样性，REE具有明确的本体论、认识论、方法论和政治基础。这个公式提供了一种全面的方法来理解千禧年社会的多重世界和方法，这些社会现在正在通过致力于减轻折磨他们的多尺度危机的社区，在资本主义模式之外锻造世界。

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引用次数: 0

Green jobs and green economic development in Kigali's construction value chain: Evidence from a firm survey 基加利建筑业价值链中的绿色就业和绿色经济发展：来自公司调查的证据

IF 6.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2026.108944

Babette Never , Alexander Stoecker , Aime Tsinda , Eric Mujanama , Roger Mugisha

Green, circular buildings are crucial for climate change mitigation and resource efficiency, yet their employment impact in Sub-Saharan Africa remains unclear. This paper explores green job potential in Kigali, Rwanda—an urbanizing city with strong policy commitments and urgent housing needs. Employing a sequential mixed-methods design, we conducted 33 expert interviews and surveyed 546 firms across five construction value chain segments. We find that (1) many green jobs already exist, with 5.1% highly green and about 58% partly green based on practices performed; (2) green and circular practices are emerging through both policy support and grassroots innovation, (3) greening is positively, significantly correlated with employment growth for highly green firms, and (4) greening is significantly associated with improved job quality for all firms. Targeted support for firms in critical greening phases could boost job creation and quality. A mix of interventions is required to tackle cost competitiveness, skills and attitudes.

绿色圆形建筑对于减缓气候变化和提高资源效率至关重要，但它们对撒哈拉以南非洲的就业影响尚不清楚。本文探讨了卢旺达基加利的绿色就业潜力。基加利是一个正在城市化的城市，有着强有力的政策承诺和迫切的住房需求。采用顺序混合方法设计，我们进行了33次专家访谈，并调查了五个建筑价值链细分市场的546家公司。我们发现(1)许多绿色工作已经存在，其中5.1%的工作是高度绿色的，58%的工作是部分绿色的；(2)绿色和循环实践通过政策支持和基层创新出现；(3)对于高度绿色的企业，绿化与就业增长显著正相关；(4)对于所有企业，绿化与工作质量的提高显著相关。对处于关键绿色阶段的企业提供有针对性的支持可以促进创造就业机会和提高质量。需要采取多种干预措施来解决成本竞争力、技能和态度问题。

引用次数: 0

Willingness to pay, values, and attitudes: Exploring preferences for river restoration measures in Finland 支付意愿、价值和态度：探索芬兰河流恢复措施的偏好

IF 6.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2026.108937

Tuija Lankia, Eija Pouta, Janne Artell

In Finland, where only few major river systems run free without hydropower production or other artificial constructions, the demand for river restoration efforts is increasing. In a choice experiment for river restoration measures using a latent class model, we identified five distinct preference classes. Classes ranged from cost-conscious supporters of nationwide restoration to respondents favoring measures regardless of costs, as well as those emphasizing new trout and salmon waters or preferring the status quo. The main differences across classes concerned sensitivity to costs, the relative importance of restoring free-flowing river sections versus creating new fish waters, and whether restoration should be geographically restricted. To gain insight into the underlying values and attitudes guiding respondents' choices, we employed constructs of cognitive hierarchy model. Our analysis revealed that individuals favoring new restoration measures without concern for costs exhibited the strongest values and attitudes associated with environmental protection. Conversely, the class preferring the status quo displayed the weakest values and attitudes related to environmental protection. We provide insights into respondents who do not respond to the cost attribute as expected and for whom it is not meaningful to calculate willingness-to-pay estimates.

在芬兰，没有水力发电或其他人工建设，只有少数几条主要河流系统是自由运行的，因此对河流修复工作的需求正在增加。在使用潜在类别模型的河流恢复措施选择实验中，我们确定了五个不同的偏好类别。从支持在全国范围内恢复的注重成本的支持者到支持不计成本采取措施的受访者，以及那些强调新的鳟鱼和鲑鱼水域或更喜欢现状的受访者。各阶层之间的主要差异在于对成本的敏感性，恢复自由流动的河段与创造新的鱼类水域的相对重要性，以及恢复是否应该受到地理限制。为了深入了解指导被调查者选择的潜在价值观和态度，我们采用了认知层次模型的结构。我们的分析显示，支持不考虑成本的新恢复措施的个体表现出最强的与环境保护相关的价值观和态度。相反，偏好现状的班级在环境保护方面表现出最弱的价值观和态度。我们提供了对那些没有像预期的那样对成本属性做出反应的受访者的见解，对他们来说，计算支付意愿估计是没有意义的。

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引用次数: 0

Are we overestimating the benefits of agricultural intensification by overlooking nature-based alternatives? 我们是否高估了农业集约化的好处，而忽视了基于自然的替代方案？

IF 6.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2026.108940

Jérôme Faure , Helena Hansson , Anne Sophie Dietrich , Esther Devilliers

Agriculture relies heavily on anthropogenic inputs, but reducing their use is critical to reduce the negative impact on ecosystems, on which production ultimately depends. At the same time, reducing inputs is often viewed as risky and potentially costly for farmers, which implicitly assumes that inputs are already being used in optimal way. However, conventional estimations of allocative efficiency – optimal use of inputs - are subject to several biases, which obscures the understanding of what is an optimal input allocation. In this short communication, we highlight what we consider a critical but often overlooked bias: the failure to account for nature-based alternatives to human-made inputs. We explore this issue through microeconomic theory and econometrics, and highlight that accounting for nature-based solutions may lead to a reconsideration of how the efficiency of certain anthropogenic inputs is understood. We illustrate this using a bioeconomic model of oilseed rape production, where farmers can manage pests either through chemical inputs or nature-based solutions, such as grassland re-implementation to enhance natural pest control. Our results show that both the productivity and allocative efficiency of insecticides are overestimated when the potential for farmers to rely on nature-based solutions is excluded from the analysis. This study contributes by showing that neglecting ecosystem services as a viable and competitive alternative to human-made production inputs generates a deadweight loss for society. Rather than focusing solely on negative externalities—as is often the case—our approach shifts the perspective towards identifying what constitutes the economically efficient way to manage agricultural systems.

农业严重依赖人为投入，但减少人为投入对于减少对生态系统的负面影响至关重要，而生态系统是生产最终所依赖的。与此同时，减少投入往往被认为是有风险的，对农民来说可能代价高昂，这隐含地假设投入已经以最佳方式使用。然而，对分配效率——投入的最佳利用——的传统估计受到一些偏差的影响，这使人们无法理解什么是最优的投入分配。在这篇简短的文章中，我们强调了我们认为一个关键但经常被忽视的偏见：未能考虑到基于自然的替代人为投入。我们通过微观经济学理论和计量经济学来探讨这个问题，并强调，考虑基于自然的解决方案可能会导致重新考虑如何理解某些人为投入的效率。我们使用一个油菜生产的生物经济模型来说明这一点，在这个模型中，农民可以通过化学投入或基于自然的解决方案来管理害虫，例如重新实施草地以加强自然害虫控制。我们的研究结果表明，当排除了农民依赖基于自然的解决方案的可能性时，杀虫剂的生产力和配置效率都被高估了。这项研究表明，忽视生态系统服务作为人类生产投入的可行和有竞争力的替代方案，会给社会带来无谓损失。我们的方法不是仅仅关注负面外部性——通常是这样——而是将视角转向确定什么是管理农业系统的经济有效方式。

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引用次数: 0

The ecological and economic impacts of national park pilot projects in China 中国国家公园试点项目的生态和经济影响

IF 6.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2026.108936

Xiaobin Zhang , Heng Luo , Xianfan Shu , Linlin Zhang

This study provides nationwide evidence of the ecological and economic effects of China's National Park pilot projects. It compiles comprehensive datasets at the county level, including land use types, NDVI, NPP, nighttime light intensity, reported GDP, rural income and a range of other socioeconomic indicators such as employment, consumption levels and outstanding bank loans. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find that turning already-existing protected areas into National Park (NP) pilots promotes ecological conservation. On the other hand, NP pilots have led to a decline in local economic growth, as indicated by nighttime light intensity, GDP and outstanding bank loans. Despite slower economic growth, we find no evidence that NP pilots negatively affect per capita rural incomes and consumption levels. Our data allow us to explore specific mechanisms through which NP pilots slow local economic growth. This economic effect appears to be driven by restrictions on construction land expansion and adverse impacts on both new and existing firms. The null effects on rural income and consumption level can be explained by a relative decline in rural inhabitants in the treated counties.

本研究为中国国家公园试点项目的生态和经济效应提供了全国性的证据。它编制了县级的综合数据集，包括土地利用类型、NDVI、NPP、夜间光照强度、报告的GDP、农村收入和一系列其他社会经济指标，如就业、消费水平和未偿还银行贷款。采用差异中的差异方法，我们发现将现有保护区转变为国家公园（NP）试点促进了生态保护。另一方面，从夜间灯光强度、GDP和未偿还银行贷款来看，NP试点导致了当地经济增长的下降。尽管经济增长放缓，但我们没有发现NP试点对农村人均收入和消费水平产生负面影响的证据。我们的数据使我们能够探索NP试点减缓地方经济增长的具体机制。这种经济效应似乎是由限制建设用地扩张和对新公司和现有公司的不利影响所驱动的。对农村收入和消费水平的零效应可以用治疗县农村居民的相对下降来解释。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond the environment: Sustainable consumption amid poverty and inequality. Insight from a developing economy 超越环境：贫困和不平等中的可持续消费。来自发展中经济体的洞察力

IF 6.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2026.108932

Duy V. Dang

Shifting consumption toward sustainability is essential for balancing economic development and environmental goals. In many emerging economies, rapid growth, rising inequality, and structural constraints complicate this transition, while the broader impacts of “green” consumer actions remain insufficiently understood. This study develops an integrated framework to assess household-level sustainability interventions across three dimensions—carbon emissions, poverty, and income inequality—while explicitly incorporating rebound effects. Applying this framework to Vietnam reveals substantial trade-offs. Many interventions that appear effective in reducing emissions lose much of their mitigation potential once re-spending behavior is considered, though their social benefits often remain intact. Transport interventions stand out as structurally robust, delivering consistent emission reductions and stable distributional outcomes with low sensitivity to rebound effects. Food and appliance interventions exhibit high mitigation potential but also large rebound-driven uncertainties, underscoring the need for complementary policies that steer savings toward low-carbon options.

将消费转向可持续性对于平衡经济发展和环境目标至关重要。在许多新兴经济体，快速增长、不平等加剧和结构性约束使这一转变复杂化，而“绿色”消费者行为的更广泛影响仍未得到充分认识。本研究开发了一个综合框架，从碳排放、贫困和收入不平等三个维度评估家庭层面的可持续性干预措施，同时明确纳入反弹效应。将这一框架应用到越南，就会发现存在重大的权衡。许多在减少排放方面似乎有效的干预措施，一旦考虑到再支出行为，就失去了很大一部分减排潜力，尽管它们的社会效益往往保持不变。交通干预措施在结构上是稳健的，能够实现持续的减排和稳定的分配结果，对反弹效应的敏感性较低。食品和家电干预措施具有很高的缓解潜力，但也存在很大的反弹驱动的不确定性，强调需要制定补充性政策，引导储蓄转向低碳选择。

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引用次数: 0

Resilience and malleability: New directions for socio-metabolic research in times of multiple crises 弹性和可塑性：多重危机时代社会代谢研究的新方向

IF 6.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2026.108938

Helmut Haberl , Stefan Giljum , Fridolin Krausmann , Anke Schaffartzik , Cornelia Staritz , Stefan Thurner , Martin Bruckner , Jan Streeck , Dominik Wiedenhofer , Shonali Pachauri

The world faces multiple crises and disruptions, such as climate impacts, pandemics, geopolitical tension and competition, conflicts, and wars. Socio-metabolic research (SMR), the study of stocks and flows of materials and energy associated with socioeconomic activities, is not well equipped to address these challenges. SMR methods are predominantly descriptive, static or linear. They treat disruptions as exogenous and are ill-equipped to capture abrupt non-linear changes evident today and likely to intensify in the future. They lack the granularity needed to analyze how stocks and flows of resources relate to actors, institutions, and power relations characterized by vast inequalities. SMR relies primarily on quantitative data, which is often inadequate to understand qualitative system properties and mechanisms. These shortcomings hinder understanding resilience, the ability of social metabolism to recover from shocks, and malleability, the extent to which social metabolism can be transformed to promote sustainable wellbeing for all. SMR can respond through linkages with big data models treating economies as complex networked systems that allow analyzing system resilience, non-linearities, feedback mechanisms, and tipping points. Enhanced granularity in terms of higher resolution quantitative data and rigorous understanding of qualitative system properties can help connect actors' decision-making with their biophysical implications. This is a prerequisite for generating transformative knowledge through SMR. Linking complexity science, political ecology, and SMR is imperative for addressing pressing contemporary issues.

世界面临多重危机和破坏，如气候影响、流行病、地缘政治紧张局势和竞争、冲突和战争。社会代谢研究（SMR），即研究与社会经济活动相关的材料和能源的库存和流动，并没有很好地应对这些挑战。SMR方法主要是描述性的、静态的或线性的。它们将干扰视为外生因素，无法捕捉到目前很明显、未来可能加剧的突然非线性变化。它们缺乏所需的粒度来分析资源的存量和流动与以巨大不平等为特征的行动者、机构和权力关系之间的关系。SMR主要依赖于定量数据，这往往不足以理解定性系统的性质和机制。这些缺点阻碍了对弹性（社会新陈代谢从冲击中恢复的能力）和可塑性（社会新陈代谢可以在多大程度上转化为促进所有人的可持续福祉）的理解。SMR可以通过与大数据模型的联系来应对，大数据模型将经济视为复杂的网络系统，可以分析系统弹性、非线性、反馈机制和临界点。从更高分辨率的定量数据和对定性系统属性的严格理解方面增强的粒度可以帮助将参与者的决策与其生物物理含义联系起来。这是通过SMR产生变革性知识的先决条件。将复杂性科学、政治生态学和SMR联系起来是解决紧迫的当代问题的必要条件。

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引用次数: 0

What is required for a post-growth model? 后增长模式需要什么？

IF 6.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2026.108928

Reo Van Eynde , Kevin J. Dillman , Jefim Vogel , Daniel W. O'Neill

Post-growth has emerged as an umbrella concept for various sustainability visions that prioritise the pursuit of environmental sustainability, social equity, and human wellbeing, while questioning the pursuit of economic growth. Although there are increasing calls to include post-growth scenarios in high-level assessments, there is no coherent framework that specifies what is required to model post-growth. This article addresses this gap by: (1) identifying the minimum requirements for post-growth models, and (2) establishing a set of model elements for representing post-growth policy themes.

We survey post-growth modellers and draw on the post-growth literature to develop a framework of minimum requirements for post-growth models, integrating biophysical, economic, and social spheres and linking them to post-growth goals. Regarding the biophysical sphere, models should include resource use and pollution, environmental limits, and feedback mechanisms from the environment back to society, reflecting ecological embeddedness. Regarding the economic sphere, models should disaggregate households, incorporate limits to technological change and decoupling, include different types of government interventions, and calculate GDP or output endogenously. Regarding the social sphere, models should represent time use, material and non-material need satisfiers, and the affordability of essential goods and services. Specific policies and transformation scenarios require additional features, such as sectoral disaggregation or representation of the financial system.

Our framework aims to guide the development of models that can simulate both post-growth and pro-growth scenarios. Such models are needed to inform policymakers and stakeholders about the full range of options for pursuing sustainability, equity, and wellbeing.

后增长已成为各种可持续发展愿景的总括概念，这些愿景优先追求环境可持续性、社会公平和人类福祉，同时质疑对经济增长的追求。尽管越来越多的人呼吁在高级别评估中纳入增长后情景，但没有一个连贯的框架来具体规定需要什么来模拟增长后情景。本文通过以下方式解决了这一差距：(1)确定后增长模型的最低要求，(2)建立一组代表后增长政策主题的模型元素。我们调查了后增长建模者，并借鉴了后增长文献，开发了后增长模型的最低要求框架，整合了生物物理、经济和社会领域，并将它们与后增长目标联系起来。在生物物理领域，模型应包括资源利用与污染、环境限制、环境对社会的反馈机制，体现生态嵌入性。关于经济领域，模型应该分解家庭，纳入对技术变革和脱钩的限制，包括不同类型的政府干预，并内生地计算GDP或产出。关于社会领域，模式应体现时间的使用、物质和非物质需求的满足以及基本商品和服务的可负担性。具体的政策和转型情景需要额外的特征，例如部门分类或金融系统的代表性。我们的框架旨在指导能够模拟后增长和促增长情景的模型的开发。我们需要这样的模型，让政策制定者和利益相关者了解追求可持续性、公平和福祉的各种选择。

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引用次数: 0