Ecological Economics最新文献_第10页

Accounting for water: A global review and indicators of best practice for improved water governance 水资源核算：全球审查和改善水治理最佳做法指标

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108396

Michael J. Vardon , Thi Ha Lien Le , Ricardo Martinez-Lagunes , Ogopotse Batlokwa Pule , Sjoerd Schenau , Steve May , R. Quentin Grafton

Effective water governance requires timely and reliable information, yet water data are often scattered or missing. Water accounting organizes existing data to provide decision-makers with the best possible information. We reviewed 271 water accounts from 139 publications from 78 countries and regions to determine their scope and coverage. Account production increased over time and occurs in countries of low- to high-income, small to large size, and at various water stress levels. The System of Environmental-Economic Accounting was the most used water accounting framework (n = 73). Many accounts are “one-off” exercises (n = 138). Twenty-seven countries have regular accounts with a time series extending >10 years. Annual accounts were produced mainly by national statistical offices (n = 14). The most common types of water accounts produced were for physical (i.e., m³) water supply and use (n = 74) and water assets (n = 54), with the level of environmental and economic detail highly variable. Indicators of best practice water accounting are improved engagement between account producers and users for determining users' needs in terms of the range of accounts, the number of industries and water resources recorded, spatial and temporal coverage, production frequency and timeliness, integration with other environmental and economic data, and the quality and accessibility of water accounts.

有效的水资源治理需要及时可靠的信息，但水资源数据往往分散或缺失。水资源核算对现有数据进行整理，为决策者提供尽可能最好的信息。我们审查了来自 78 个国家和地区 139 种出版物中的 271 个水核算，以确定其范围和覆盖面。随着时间的推移，水核算的编制数量在不断增加，并且出现在从低收入到高收入、从小型到大型的国家，以及不同的水资源压力水平上。环境经济核算体系是使用最多的水资源核算框架（n = 73）。许多核算都是 "一次性 "的（n = 138）。27 个国家有定期账户，时间序列长达 10 年。年度账户主要由国家统计局编制（n = 14）。最常见的水核算类型是实物（即立方米）水供应和使用（74 个）以及水资产（54 个），环境和经济详细程度差异很大。水核算最佳实践的指标是改进核算编制者与用户之间的接触，以确定用户在以下方面的需求：核算范围、记录的行业和水资源数量、空间和时间覆盖范围、编制频率和及时性、与其他环境和经济数据的整合，以及水核算的质量和可获取性。

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引用次数: 0

Supply networks of fisheries social-ecological systems: A systematic review of the network approach 渔业社会生态系统的供应网络：对网络方法的系统回顾

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108394

Marian Rodríguez-Fuentes , José Alberto Zepeda-Domínguez , Lotta C. Kluger , Claudia María Fumero-Andreu , Germán Ponce-Díaz , Manuel J. Zetina-Rejón

A fishery supply network (FSN) is a complex system involving different stakeholders interacting through various processes, which presents challenges for monitoring and management. The network approach enables a comprehensive understanding of FSNs by analyzing interactions and dynamics among actors and processes, facilitating effective management. A systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted to identify the contributions and advances that the network approach has triggered in FSN studies. An upward trend in papers published yearly over the past twenty years was identified, focusing on system dynamics, traceability, management, market influences, environmental impacts, and governance. Advancements include understanding how relationships between actors influence system performance and highlighting stakeholder involvement's critical role in collaborative solutions. The main limitations identified are data collection and availability, the infrequency of linking social and ecological systems, and the complexity of building dynamics models. Despite these challenges, the network approach is indispensable for better understanding FSNs and driving sustainable management and conservation initiatives. Finally, we propose five best practices for FSN studies, including 1) mapping actors or processes, 2) enhancing data collection, 3) network modeling, 4) scenario evaluation, and 5) ethical considerations. Also, several recommendations for future research on FSNs are discussed.

渔业供应网络（FSN）是一个复杂的系统，涉及不同利益相关者通过各种过程进行互动，这给监测和管理带来了挑战。网络方法通过分析参与者和过程之间的互动和动态，能够全面了解渔业供应网络，促进有效管理。我们对科学文献进行了系统回顾，以确定网络方法在 FSN 研究中做出的贡献和取得的进展。在过去二十年中，每年发表的论文呈上升趋势，主要集中在系统动态、可追溯性、管理、市场影响、环境影响和治理方面。取得的进展包括了解参与者之间的关系如何影响系统性能，以及强调利益相关者的参与在合作解决方案中的关键作用。已发现的主要局限性是数据收集和可用性、社会和生态系统之间的联系不频繁，以及建立动态模型的复杂性。尽管存在这些挑战，但网络方法对于更好地理解森林生态系统以及推动可持续管理和保护措施是不可或缺的。最后，我们提出了五项 FSN 研究的最佳实践，包括：1）绘制参与者或过程图；2）加强数据收集；3）网络建模；4）情景评估；5）伦理考虑。此外，我们还讨论了对未来森林覆盖网络研究的若干建议。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of income-driven changes in global consumption patterns on Kyoto Gas emissions during the twenty-first century 收入驱动的全球消费模式变化对 21 世纪京都气体排放的影响

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108372

Simon Bones, Richard M. Timmerman

Global 21st century Kyoto Gas emissions growth as forecast in SSP2 (a middle-of-the-road future climate scenario) is largely driven by expected: (a) per-capita GDP growth; and (b) energy/non-CO₂ GDP intensity reduction. While models of the former have been comprehensively critiqued, the rationale for the latter has not.

This paper uses a new consumption-based methodology to determine likely future emissions intensity reductions implicit in changing consumption patterns. Its analysis of household expenditure surveys, macroeconomic data and income elasticities inform a model of how future consumption pathways could evolve with different levels of national incomes to 2100. These pathways are then combined with existing emissions intensity data to quantify the implied impacts of consumption change on overall emissions intensity. Introducing such a consumption factor into established decomposition methodologies then allows demonstration of the scale of non-consumption intensity reductions required.

Results suggest that emissions intensity peaks at poverty-like national income levels, where household/transport fuels dominate emissions. Thereafter, intensity reduces with national income growth, though absolute emissions continue to rise.

We find that expected changes in consumption patterns will deliver less than half required consumption energy intensity reduction to meet SSP2-Baseline projections to 2100. Such implied non-consumption-pattern improvement requirements may appear relatively undemanding in total against historic performance, but for some regions and timescales this is not the case and the role of mitigation in the historic data may render a forecast baseline (where mitigation is excluded) optimistic.

The paper's methodology and findings are relevant for inequality scholars, climate modellers, and governments and policymakers, helping them facilitate a better understanding of how consumption pathways interact with climate futures for whole economies and particular sectors within those.

SSP2 预测的 21 世纪全球京都议定书气体排放增长（一种中间道路的未来气候情景）主要由以下预期因素驱动：(a) 人均 GDP 增长；(b) 能源/非二氧化碳 GDP 强度降低。虽然前者的模型已经得到了全面的批评，但后者的理论依据却没有。本文采用了一种新的基于消费的方法来确定未来消费模式变化可能带来的排放强度降低。本文通过对家庭支出调查、宏观经济数据和收入弹性的分析，建立了一个到 2100 年不同国民收入水平下未来消费路径演变的模型。然后将这些路径与现有的排放强度数据相结合，量化消费变化对总体排放强度的隐含影响。结果表明，在类似贫困的国民收入水平下，排放强度达到峰值，此时家庭/交通燃料的排放占主导地位。此后，排放强度随着国民收入的增长而降低，但绝对排放量仍在继续上升。我们发现，为满足 2100 年 SSP2 基准线预测，消费模式的预期变化将使所需的消费能源强度降低不到一半。与历史表现相比，这种隐含的非消费模式改善要求在总体上似乎相对较低，但对于某些地区和时间尺度来说，情况并非如此，历史数据中的减缓作用可能会使预测基线（在不考虑减缓的情况下）变得乐观。本文的方法和研究结果对不平等问题学者、气候建模人员以及政府和政策制定者都有借鉴意义，有助于他们更好地理解整个经济体和经济体中特定部门的消费路径如何与气候未来相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

After the storm: Environmental tragedy and sustainable mobility 暴风雨过后环境悲剧与可持续交通

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108409

Rocco Caferra , Andrea Morone , Piergiuseppe Morone

Due to mounting environmental challenges, communities are increasingly prioritising resilience and sustainability. Environmental disasters can be seen as windows of opportunity for collective action, influencing pro-environmental attitudes and engagement. While personal experiences of catastrophe can increase environmental awareness, they can also affect social capital, impacting relationships with peers and institutions. Within this context, a post-disaster community might be encouraged to put more efforts in the local urban sustainable transformation to reduce the impact of climate-change related event. To this end, individuals' daily micro-mobility choices may offer insight into community engagement with sustainability initiatives, given the link between modes of transportation and long-term urban pollution. Through a survey of Italian citizens, we explored how disaster experiences shaped attitudes towards sustainable modes of mobility, as well as changes in individual and social factors. The analysis employed a structural equation model based on an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour. The results revealed that disaster experiences tended to heighten awareness of climate change risk while also reducing social interaction, thereby affecting pro-environmental behaviour. Trust in local government was not permanently affected, highlighting the difficulty in identifying the direct impacts of environmental disaster experiences on pro-environmental actions. Sustainable consumption choices and pro-environmental attitudes may be influenced by social and psychological factors, including personal experiences, personal well-being and civic engagement.

由于日益严峻的环境挑战，社区越来越重视复原力和可持续性。环境灾难可被视为集体行动的机会之窗，影响人们的环保态度和参与度。虽然灾难的个人经历可以提高环境意识，但也会影响社会资本，影响与同伴和机构的关系。在这种情况下，灾后社区可能会被鼓励在当地城市可持续转型方面做出更多努力，以减少气候变化相关事件的影响。为此，考虑到交通方式与长期城市污染之间的联系，个人的日常微观交通选择可能有助于深入了解社区参与可持续发展倡议的情况。通过对意大利市民的调查，我们探讨了灾难经历如何影响人们对可持续交通方式的态度，以及个人和社会因素的变化。分析采用了基于扩展版计划行为理论的结构方程模型。结果显示，灾难经历往往会提高人们对气候变化风险的认识，同时也会减少社会交往，从而影响亲环境行为。对地方政府的信任并未受到永久性影响，这凸显了确定环境灾难经历对亲环境行为的直接影响的难度。可持续消费选择和亲环境态度可能会受到社会和心理因素的影响，包括个人经历、个人福祉和公民参与。

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引用次数: 0

European funds and green public procurement 欧洲基金和绿色公共采购

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108400

Ruben Nicolas , Vítězslav Titl , Fredo Schotanus

The European Commission co-funds public projects through the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF) to stimulate the sustainable economic development of EU Member States. The ESIF budget is about 90 billion euros annually and ESIF beneficiaries are explicitly encouraged to increase their use of Green Public Procurement (GPP) since 2014. In this paper, we study to what extent ESIF co-funding affects the uptake of GPP, using a dataset with all public tender notices in the Czech Republic (2006–2019). Our findings suggest that ESIF co-funding instigates selection behaviour by contracting authorities to improve chances of receiving co-funding. After accounting for selection effects, we find that ESIF co-funding has a small but significant effect on the uptake of GPP. Studying exogenous changes in the ESIF policy conditions, we find that GPP uptake responds to changes in the availability of co-funding and not to stronger policy objectives related to sustainability. Finally, we find that the contracting authority's prior experience with GPP is positively associated with ESIF co-funding and has only a small effect on GPP uptake aside from ESIF.

欧盟委员会通过欧洲结构与投资基金（ESIF）共同资助公共项目，以刺激欧盟成员国的可持续经济发展。欧洲结构与投资基金每年的预算约为 900 亿欧元，自 2014 年起，明确鼓励欧洲结构与投资基金的受益方增加绿色公共采购 (GPP) 的使用。在本文中，我们利用捷克共和国所有公开招标公告的数据集（2006-2019 年），研究 ESIF 共同出资在多大程度上影响了 GPP 的采用。我们的研究结果表明，ESIF 联合资助会促使缔约机构采取选择行为，以增加获得联合资助的机会。在考虑了选择效应后，我们发现 ESIF 联合资助对 GPP 的采用有微小但显著的影响。在研究 ESIF 政策条件的外生变化时，我们发现 GPP 的采用会对联合资助的可用性变化做出反应，而不会对与可持续性相关的更强的政策目标做出反应。最后，我们发现，缔约机构之前在 GPP 方面的经验与 ESIF 的共同出资呈正相关，除 ESIF 外，对 GPP 的采用影响很小。

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引用次数: 0

Does scarcity induce hostility? An experimental investigation of common-pool resources 稀缺会诱发敌意吗？对共有资源的实验研究

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108388

Stephan Geschwind, Johann Graf Lambsdorff

Climate change is leading to an increased scarcity of resources such as freshwater, energy, arable land and wildlife. This is perceived as a major security threat. However, the literature remains unclear on whether scarcity mitigates or exacerbates conflict. We design a novel laboratory experiment to investigate hostile behavior under scarcity. Participants interact repeatedly in a dynamic common-pool resource (CPR) and a joy-of-destruction game. The experiment distinguishes between two types of scarcity: Endogenous scarcity in the form of a deliberate human choice to overexploit resources and exogenous scarcity in the form of adverse environmental conditions. Our results show that endogenous scarcity exacerbates hostility. We trace this to participants being guided by negative reciprocity while finding no support for inequality aversion. The results indicate that to avoid hostility, policy makers will have to reduce human-induced scarcity. However, our results also show that exogenous scarcity mitigates hostility. This is in line with a vast body of literature from psychology, anthropology and biology finding increased levels of cooperation for all forms of life under environmental distress. It suggests that managing perceptions around increasing scarcities could be a second potential avenue for policy action.

气候变化导致淡水、能源、耕地和野生动物等资源日益稀缺。这被视为一个重大的安全威胁。然而，关于资源稀缺是会缓解还是会加剧冲突的文献仍不明确。我们设计了一个新颖的实验室实验来研究稀缺条件下的敌对行为。参与者在动态公共资源（CPR）和破坏乐趣游戏中反复互动。实验区分了两种稀缺性：一种是人类故意选择过度开发资源的内生稀缺性，另一种是不利环境条件下的外生稀缺性。我们的研究结果表明，内源性稀缺会加剧敌意。我们将其归因于参与者受到负互惠的引导，而不支持不平等厌恶。结果表明，为了避免敌意，决策者必须减少人为造成的稀缺性。然而，我们的结果也表明，外生稀缺性会减轻敌意。这与心理学、人类学和生物学的大量文献相吻合，这些文献发现，在环境困境下，所有生命形式的合作程度都会提高。这表明，管理与日益稀缺有关的观念可能是政策行动的第二个潜在途径。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated modelling of fertilizer and climate change scenario impacts on agricultural production and nitrogen losses in Austria 肥料和气候变化情景对奥地利农业生产和氮损失影响的综合建模

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108398

Elisabeth Jost , Martin Schönhart , Hermine Mitter , Ottavia Zoboli , Erwin Schmid

The European Commission's Farm to Fork strategy aims at reducing nutrient losses and fertilizer use, but has been criticized for its expected negative impacts on European economy, agriculture, and food supply. We apply an integrated modelling framework to analyze potential effects of fertilizer reductions on land use, nitrogen losses, and agricultural output of two fertilizer and four climate change scenarios. The fertilizer scenarios comprise a uniform 20 % reduction of mineral N fertilizer (f20) and a combination of several fertilizer restrictions (fcm). The model results indicate that the restrictions in fertilization lead to decreases in crop production of 6 to 9 %, whereas intensive and extensive grassland production increases. N losses to air, water, and soil are substantially reduced by 9 % (f20) and 20 % (fcm), yet fall short of the intended 50 % reduction. The regional heterogeneity of the model results shows that tailored measures need to be elaborated by taking climate change developments, the regional heterogeneity of prevalent farming systems, and bio-physical conditions into account. Uniform measures applied to the national policy context fall short to attain policy targets cost-effectively. N emission capping, taxes or managerial measures such as crop rotational N balancing are options to be explored in future research.

欧盟委员会的 "从农场到餐桌 "战略旨在减少养分流失和化肥使用，但因其对欧洲经济、农业和食品供应的预期负面影响而饱受批评。我们采用综合建模框架，分析了两种化肥情景和四种气候变化情景下减少化肥用量对土地利用、氮损失和农业产出的潜在影响。化肥方案包括统一减少 20% 的矿物氮肥（f20）和几种化肥限制措施的组合（fcm）。模型结果表明，施肥限制导致农作物产量下降 6% 至 9%，而集约型和广阔型草地的产量则有所增加。氮在空气、水和土壤中的损失大幅减少了 9%（f20）和 20%（fcm），但仍未达到预期的减少 50%的目标。模型结果的地区差异性表明，需要考虑气候变化的发展、普遍耕作制度的地区差异性以及生物物理条件，制定有针对性的措施。适用于国家政策的统一措施无法以具有成本效益的方式实现政策目标。氮排放上限、税收或管理措施（如作物轮作氮平衡）都是未来研究中需要探索的方案。

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引用次数: 0

Are natural disasters stumbling blocks to carbon inequality mitigation? A global perspective 自然灾害是缓解碳不平等的绊脚石吗？全球视角

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108392

Kangyin Dong , Congyu Zhao , Rabindra Nepal , Kerstin K. Zander

The detrimental impact of natural disasters on inequality is evident, yet their influence on the inequality of carbon emissions remains underexplored. Addressing this gap is crucial, as understanding the relationship between natural disasters and carbon inequality can inform more equitable climate policies. To this end, we performed an econometric investigation on the impact of natural disasters on carbon inequality, based on a global dataset covering 140 countries during 2000–2020. The system generalized method of moments model is utilized, and we also delve into the heterogeneous analysis, as well as the mediating and the moderating effects. Our numerical analysis yields four key findings. First, natural disasters are stumbling blocks to carbon inequality eradication, which means that natural disasters are not conducive to mitigating carbon inequality, but rather amplify it. Second, this adverse effect is more pronounced in low-income countries. Third, government ineffectiveness not only heightens carbon inequality but also intensifies the negative impact of natural disasters, demonstrating a synergic effect. Fourth, energy infrastructure and renewable energy development are two channels that link natural disasters with carbon inequality. These findings underscore the necessity of targeted policy interventions to mitigate carbon inequality and reduce the adverse consequences of natural disasters.

自然灾害对不平等的不利影响显而易见，但其对碳排放不平等的影响却仍未得到充分探索。了解自然灾害与碳排放不平等之间的关系可以为制定更加公平的气候政策提供依据，因此弥补这一差距至关重要。为此，我们基于 2000-2020 年间覆盖 140 个国家的全球数据集，对自然灾害对碳排放不平等的影响进行了计量经济学调查。我们采用了系统广义矩方法模型，并深入研究了异质性分析以及中介效应和调节效应。我们的数值分析得出了四个主要结论。首先，自然灾害是消除碳不平等的绊脚石，这意味着自然灾害不利于缓解碳不平等，反而会放大碳不平等。第二，这种不利影响在低收入国家更为明显。第三，政府效率低下不仅加剧了碳不平等，也加剧了自然灾害的负面影响，显示出协同效应。第四，能源基础设施和可再生能源的发展是将自然灾害与碳不平等联系起来的两个渠道。这些发现突出表明，有必要采取有针对性的政策干预措施，以缓解碳不平等现象，减少自然灾害的不利影响。

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引用次数: 0

Towards systems-oriented behavioral ecological economics 实现以系统为导向的行为生态经济学

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108402

Stefan Drews

A growing volume of behavioral research in ecological economics has been published over the past two decades. Here I argue that a significant share of this research has adopted the approach of focusing on individual responsibility and solutions in sustainability transitions, notably in the form of so-called nudges. The paper proposes that to be consistent with the core tenets of ecological economics and to achieve more real-world impact, we need more behavioral research that takes a systems-oriented perspective. Several research lines in this direction are discussed. The systems-oriented approach may provide a distinction between behavioral ecological economics and behavioral environmental economics, allowing for a more nuanced understanding of these two fields.

在过去二十年里，生态经济学中的行为学研究成果越来越多。在本文中，我认为这些研究中有很大一部分采用了关注可持续发展转型中个人责任和解决方案的方法，特别是以所谓的 "劝告"（nudges）形式出现。本文提出，为了与生态经济学的核心原则保持一致并取得更大的现实影响，我们需要更多从系统角度出发的行为研究。本文讨论了这一方向的几条研究路线。以系统为导向的方法可以区分行为生态经济学和行为环境经济学，从而更细致地理解这两个领域。

引用次数: 0

Integrating recreational ecosystem service valuations into Israel's Water economy 将娱乐性生态系统服务估值纳入以色列的水经济

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108391

Aliza Fleischer, Yadin Gindin, Yacov Tsur

This study examines how recreational freshwater ecosystem services (FESS) should influence water allocation policies within a comprehensive water economy model. We differentiate between FESS generated by flows and stocks, analyzing their effects on water allocation and pricing. We estimate the inverse demands for recreational FESS in Israel using household visitation data alongside water flow and stock information. These demands are then integrated into a comprehensive model of Israel's water economy to assess their impact on optimal water allocation. Our numerical simulations reveal that recreational FESS demands significantly affect optimal water allocation decisions. For instance, a 20 % increase in demand for flow-generated recreational FESS results in a 24 % reduction in stream flow diversion, a 13 % rise in water diversion from Lake Kinneret, and a 29 % increase in groundwater extraction from aquifers. By bridging the gap between ecological preservation and economic needs, our model paves the way for more holistic and effective water management practices worldwide.

本研究探讨了在综合水经济模型中，娱乐性淡水生态系统服务（FESS）应如何影响水资源分配政策。我们区分了由流量和存量产生的 FESS，分析了它们对水资源分配和定价的影响。我们利用家庭访问数据以及水流量和存量信息，估算了以色列对娱乐性 FESS 的反向需求。然后将这些需求纳入以色列水经济的综合模型，以评估其对最优水资源分配的影响。我们的数值模拟结果表明，娱乐性 FESS 需求对最优配水决策有重大影响。例如，流量产生的娱乐性 FESS 需求增加 20%，会导致溪流引水减少 24%，从基纳特湖引水增加 13%，从含水层抽取的地下水增加 29%。通过弥合生态保护与经济需求之间的差距，我们的模型为全球更全面、更有效的水资源管理实践铺平了道路。

引用次数: 0