Ecological Economics最新文献

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Social networks, environmental literacy, and farmers' clean low-carbon farming behaviors: Evidence from villages in China 社会网络、环境素养与农民的清洁低碳农业行为：来自中国乡村的证据

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108439

Fei Lin, Jisheng Li, Chen Wu

Under the global climate crisis, in addition to governmental environmental regulations, farmers' behaviors has been recognized as an important part of achieving decarbonization plans in the agricultural sector. While social networks and environmental literacy have been confirmed as key factors influencing Clean Low-Carbon Farming Behavior (CLFB) among farmers, yet few studies have explored their combined effects.

Based on a dataset of 352 farmers in China, this study examined the relationship between social networks, environmental literacy and farmers' CLFB. First, social networks facilitate the implementation of CLFB through three mechanisms: “information networks”, “reference networks”, and “mutual assistance networks” where network strength, breadth, and height also play promoting roles. Second, environmental literacy and its three levels-nominal literacy, functional literacy, and operational literacy-all promote CLFB, while functional literacy shows the greatest promoting effect. Third, the above conclusions still hold after introducing instrumental variables for endogeneity discussion. Finally, environmental literacy and its three levels partially mediate the impact of social networks on CLFB. The findings have important implications for South and Southeast Asian countries that face the same conflict between food security and decarbonization as China.

在全球气候危机的背景下，除了政府的环保法规，农民的行为也被认为是实现农业领域低碳化计划的重要组成部分。虽然社会网络和环境素养已被证实是影响农民清洁低碳农业行为（CLFB）的关键因素，但很少有研究探讨它们的综合效应。本研究基于中国 352 位农民的数据集，考察了社会网络、环境素养和农民清洁低碳农业行为之间的关系。首先，社会网络通过三种机制促进了农户生态福利法的实施：首先，社会网络通过 "信息网络"、"参考网络 "和 "互助网络 "三种机制促进了农户农林复合经营的实施，其中网络的强度、广度和高度也起到了促进作用。其次，环境素养及其三个层次--名义素养、功能素养和操作素养--都能促进文化建设，而功能素养的促进作用最大。第三，在引入工具变量进行内生性讨论后，上述结论依然成立。最后，环境素养及其三个层次部分地调解了社会网络对社区家庭生活的影响。这些发现对与中国同样面临粮食安全与去碳化冲突的南亚和东南亚国家具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of downgrading protected areas (PAD) on biodiversity 降低保护区等级（PAD）对生物多样性的影响

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108441

Yufei Li , Lingling Hou , Pengfei Liu

We quantitatively assess the impacts of Downgrading Protected Areas (PAD) on biodiversity in the U.S. Results show that PAD events significantly reduce biodiversity. The proximity to PAD events decreases the biodiversity (abundance) by 26.0 % within 50 km compared with records of species further away from the PAD events. We observe an overall 32.3 % decrease in abundance after those nearest PAD events are enacted. Abundance declines more in organisms living in contact with water and non-mammals. Species abundance is more sensitive to the negative impacts in areas where the decisions of PAD events were later reversed, as well as in areas close to protected areas belonging to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) category. The enacted PAD events between the period 1903 to 2018 in the U.S. led to economic losses of approximately $689.95 million due to the decrease in abundance. Our results contribute to the understanding on the impact of environmental interventions such as PAD events on broadscale biodiversity change and provide important implications on biodiversity conservation policies.

我们定量评估了降级保护区（PAD）对美国生物多样性的影响。结果表明，降级保护区事件显著降低了生物多样性。与距离 PAD 事件较远的物种记录相比，距离 PAD 事件较近的 50 公里范围内的生物多样性（丰度）减少了 26.0%。我们观察到，在最近的 PAD 事件发生后，丰度总体下降了 32.3%。与水接触的生物和非哺乳动物的丰度下降幅度更大。在 PAD 事件的决定后来被推翻的地区，以及靠近属于世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）类别的保护区的地区，物种丰度对负面影响更为敏感。在 1903 年至 2018 年期间，美国颁布的 PAD 事件因丰度下降导致了约 6.8995 亿美元的经济损失。我们的研究结果有助于理解 PAD 事件等环境干预措施对大规模生物多样性变化的影响，并为生物多样性保护政策提供了重要启示。

引用次数: 0

The marginal abatement cost function with secondary waste markets 二级废物市场的边际减排成本函数

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108445

Nick Leary , Michael Zunino , Jeffrey Wagner

We generalize the marginal abatement cost function concept by adding a secondary market option for the firm's emissions. From that baseline, we analyze the conditions under which the secondary market will lie dormant and strategies for efficiently activating them. We feature two contexts that are of increasing interest in the engineering and energy literatures but that are under-discussed in the economics literature: waste heat utilization from processes such as computer data centers and energy production from CO₂ emission feedstock via artificial photosynthesis. Our main result is that the secondary market price for waste residuals can reduce uncontrolled emissions in the absence of an emission price instrument such as a tax. If an emission tax is already in place, we show that secondary waste market revenue reduces the efficient tax—and under certain conditions can completely replace the tax. Moreover, our model provides microeconomic support for evolutionary ecological economics perspectives and Circular Economy perspectives on how markets can be tuned to ‘waste’ less waste via policies that strengthen secondary market development.

我们对边际减排成本函数概念进行了概括，为企业排放增加了一个二级市场选项。在此基础上，我们分析了二级市场休眠的条件以及有效激活二级市场的策略。我们重点分析了在工程和能源领域日益受到关注，但在经济学领域却讨论不足的两种情况：计算机数据中心等流程的余热利用，以及通过人工光合作用从二氧化碳排放原料中生产能源。我们的主要结果是，在没有税收等排放价格工具的情况下，废物残余物的二级市场价格可以减少无节制的排放。如果已经征收了排放税，我们的研究表明，垃圾二级市场收入会减少有效税收，而且在某些条件下可以完全取代税收。此外，我们的模型还为进化生态经济学观点和循环经济观点提供了微观经济支持，即如何通过加强二级市场发展的政策来调整市场以减少废物的 "浪费"。

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引用次数: 0

Decentralized voluntary agreements do not reduce emissions in a climate change experiment 在气候变化实验中，分散的自愿协议并不能减少排放

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108438

Alessandro Del Ponte , Aidas Masiliūnas , Noah Lim

Can climate accords based on decentralized and voluntary agreements successfully reduce carbon emissions? We designed an economic experiment to study the effectiveness of the best-known mechanisms to foster international cooperation on climate change mitigation: climate pledges, financial penalties, and peer evaluation. We test each mechanism both separately and together. In the climate pledge treatments, participants could pledge their desired emissions target, approved by majority vote. In the treatments with financial penalties, failure to meet pledges triggered monetary sanctions. In the peer evaluation treatments, participants could evaluate each other, which determined who would receive an additional nonmonetary environmental prize. We find that most participants joined climate agreements and met their pledges, but pledges were insufficiently ambitious. As a result, neither pledges, financial penalties, nor peer evaluation reduced emissions. These results question the effectiveness of decentralized and voluntary climate agreements, such as the Paris Agreement.

基于分散和自愿协议的气候协议能否成功减少碳排放？我们设计了一个经济实验来研究最著名的促进减缓气候变化国际合作机制的有效性：气候承诺、经济惩罚和同行评价。我们对每种机制进行了单独和共同测试。在气候承诺处理中，参与者可以承诺他们希望达到的排放目标，并由多数票通过。在有经济处罚的处理中，未履行承诺将受到经济处罚。在同伴评价处理中，参与者可以相互评价，从而决定谁将获得额外的非货币环境奖。我们发现，大多数参与者都加入了气候协议并履行了承诺，但承诺的目标不够远大。因此，无论是承诺、经济处罚还是同行评价都没有减少排放量。这些结果对《巴黎协定》等分散式自愿气候协议的有效性提出了质疑。

引用次数: 0

China's global leadership aspirations and domestic support for climate policy 中国的全球领导愿望和国内对气候政策的支持

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108440

C. Xiang , T. van Gevelt

In recent years, China has pivoted towards a global leadership role in mitigating and adapting to climate change. Notwithstanding the complex political economic reasons underlying China's global leadership aspirations, we are interested in seeing whether the associated national discourse championed by the state increases domestic support for climate policy. That is, do China's international leadership aspirations foster a unifying sense of national pride among the domestic population, thereby lending support to the legitimacy of the state and expediting the implementation of costly domestic climate policies? To test our hypothesis, we enumerated a vignette experiment embedded with conjoint analysis to a nationally representative sample (n = 4788). We found no evidence that exposure to China's global leadership aspirations increased domestic support for national-level climate policy, as proxied by a carbon tax. Indeed, we found that exposure to China's global climate leadership aspirations decreased domestic support for a carbon tax under certain scenarios. Our findings demonstrate a potential disconnect between global and local climate policy discourses and suggest that China's policymakers need to exercise caution in ensuring that their global climate leadership aspirations do not come at the expense of decreased domestic support for the national-level policies required to meet China's goal of carbon neutrality by 2060.

近年来，中国已转向在减缓和适应气候变化方面发挥全球领导作用。尽管中国的全球领导抱负背后有着复杂的政治经济原因，但我们仍有兴趣了解国家倡导的相关国家话语是否会增加国内对气候政策的支持。也就是说，中国的国际领导抱负是否会在国内民众中形成一种统一的民族自豪感，从而为国家的合法性提供支持，并加快实施成本高昂的国内气候政策？为了验证我们的假设，我们对一个具有全国代表性的样本（n = 4788）进行了嵌入联合分析的小故事实验。我们没有发现任何证据表明，接触中国的全球领导抱负会增加国内对国家级气候政策（以碳税为代表）的支持。事实上，我们发现，在某些情况下，接触中国的全球气候领导愿望会降低国内对碳税的支持。我们的研究结果表明全球和地方气候政策论述之间可能存在脱节，并建议中国的政策制定者需要谨慎行事，确保他们的全球气候领导愿望不会以减少国内对国家级政策的支持为代价，而国家级政策是实现中国 2060 年碳中和目标所必需的。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring South Australian households' perceptions towards various food waste policies 探索南澳大利亚家庭对各种食物浪费政策的看法

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108431

By Sarah Ann Wheeler , Ying Xu , Daniel Gregg

Increasing landfill and environmental costs are driving municipalities to search for effective policies to change household food waste disposal, balancing competing attributes such as effectiveness, fairness and feasibility. In order to better understand households' policy perspectives, we conducted an online survey with 1520 South Australians regarding four different food waste policies, namely: 1) frequency-based pricing for bin collection; 2) penalties for bin misuse; 3) changing bin collection timing; and 4) extension and education. A structural equation modelling approach was used to model overall policy preference, based on perceived policy attributes and household socio-demographics. Results highlighted that respondents' rated economic incentives (pricing and penalties) as the most effective in changing food waste behaviour, but rank these policies low in feasibility or acceptability. Conversely, education and information campaigns were rated as the lowest in effectively changing behaviour, but the most acceptable and fairest policy overall. Overall, respondents from households producing less food waste were more favourable towards introducing economic incentive food waste policies.

不断增加的垃圾填埋成本和环境成本促使市政当局寻找有效的政策来改变家庭食物垃圾的处理方式，同时兼顾有效性、公平性和可行性等相互竞争的属性。为了更好地了解家庭对政策的看法，我们对 1520 名南澳大利亚人就四种不同的食物垃圾政策进行了在线调查，这四种政策分别是1) 基于频率的垃圾桶收集定价；2) 垃圾桶滥用处罚；3) 改变垃圾桶收集时间；4) 推广和教育。根据感知到的政策属性和家庭社会人口特征，采用结构方程建模法对总体政策偏好进行建模。结果显示，受访者认为经济激励措施（定价和处罚）对改变食物浪费行为最有效，但这些政策的可行性和可接受性较低。相反，教育和宣传活动在有效改变行为方面被评为最低，但总体而言却是最可接受和最公平的政策。总体而言，来自食物浪费较少家庭的受访者更倾向于引入经济激励的食物浪费政策。

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引用次数: 0

Building a local structural basis for economic change? A case study on grassroots initiatives from a ‘social provisioning’ perspective 为经济变革建立地方结构基础？从 "社会供应 "角度对基层倡议的案例研究

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108429

Roman Hausmann , Anne-Kathrin Schwab

The ‘social provisioning process’ framework postulates that making provisioning processes more socially and ecologically sustainable requires structural changes in terms of the material, social, and cultural bases of economies. This paper explores the ways in which local community-led grassroots initiatives (GIs) contribute to such structural changes. The purpose of this paper is twofold: First, we offer systematic empirical evidence on the impact of GI activities on societal structures, which are crucial for assessing the transformative potential of GIs but have been insufficiently addressed in the literature. Second, we adapt and further develop the ‘social provisioning process’ framework to make it operational for research on local provisioning processes, thereby proposing a strong heterodox economic theory – which accounts for the structural dimension – to the research field of GIs that it was lacking so far. To this end, a qualitative multiple-case study design is employed to investigate three GIs. Eight categories of provisioning structures are identified as an advancement of the ‘social provisioning process’ framework. The data show how the three GI cases build a structural basis in each of the eight categories, which tends to facilitate more sustainable provisioning, and reveal foci, strategies, and limitations in the creation of those structures.

社会供应过程 "框架假定，要使供应过程在社会和生态方面更具可持续性，就必须在经济的物质、社会和文化基础方面进行结构性变革。本文探讨了地方社区主导的基层倡议（GIs）如何促进这种结构性变化。本文有两个目的：首先，我们提供了有关基层倡议活动对社会结构影响的系统性经验证据，这些证据对于评估基层倡议的变革潜力至关重要，但在文献中却没有得到充分论述。其次，我们调整并进一步发展了 "社会供应过程 "框架，使其在地方供应过程研究中具有可操作性，从而为地理标志产品研究领域提出了迄今为止所缺乏的强有力的异端经济理论--该理论考虑到了结构层面。为此，我们采用了定性多案例研究设计来调查三个地理标志产品。作为 "社会供应过程 "框架的推进，确定了八类供应结构。数据显示了三个地理信息系统案例如何在八个类别中的每一个类别中建立结构基础，从而促进更可持续的供应，并揭示了建立这些结构的重点、策略和局限性。

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引用次数: 0

Nobody decides for all — Modeling incentives and policies for closing the material loop 没有人可以决定一切--建立激励机制和政策模式，实现物质循环的闭合

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108407

Xi Sun, Karsten Neuhoff

This paper introduces an analytical model that characterizes the incentives of the manufacturing industry, consumers, and waste management sectors in closing the material loop. To address identified market failures, various policy instruments are evaluated both theoretically and numerically, using the example of the EU PET market. The assessment shows that a policy package consisting of carbon pricing, advanced disposal fees, and product standards substantially reduces total material consumption and enhances material recovery, leading to a notable reduction in emissions. The analysis of material cost savings, surplus allocation, and social welfare also shows the advantages of such a policy package compared to individual policy instruments.

本文介绍了一个分析模型，该模型描述了制造业、消费者和废物管理部门在闭合材料循环过程中的激励机制。为解决已发现的市场失灵问题，本文以欧盟 PET 市场为例，对各种政策工具进行了理论和数值评估。评估结果表明，由碳定价、高级处置费和产品标准组成的一揽子政策大幅降低了材料总消耗量，提高了材料回收率，从而显著减少了排放量。对材料成本节约、剩余分配和社会福利的分析也表明，与单个政策工具相比，这种一揽子政策具有优势。

引用次数: 0

Marine ecosystem services of seagrass in physical and monetary terms: The Mediterranean Sea case study 从物理和货币角度看海草的海洋生态系统服务：地中海案例研究

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108420

Anna Maria Addamo , Alessandra La Notte , Silvia Ferrini , Gaetano Grilli

Seagrass habitats are essential and vulnerable ecosystems with several key roles, from biodiversity hotspots to climate change mitigation. Their characteristics, current condition and potential benefits, are the main core of this study which presents one of the first applications of marine accounts for the European Mediterranean Sea. The assessment focuses on four marine and coastal ecosystem services (i.e. fish and raw biomass provision, blue carbon, and nature-based recreation) and relies on habitat modelling for the biophysical assessment and a diversity of economic valuation tools (e.g. resource rent, avoided costs, benefit transfer) for the monetization of benefits. The findings highlight the essential benefits provided by seagrass meadows for Mediterranean European countries. Accounting tables display the role of seagrass to enhance environmental and economic well-being and the support that accounting evidence can provide for conservation, restoration and marine spatial planning.

海草栖息地是重要而脆弱的生态系统，具有从生物多样性热点到减缓气候变化等多个关键作用。它们的特征、当前状况和潜在效益是本研究的主要核心，也是欧洲地中海海洋账户的首次应用之一。评估重点是四种海洋和沿海生态系统服务（即鱼类和生物质原料供应、蓝碳和自然娱乐），并依靠生境建模进行生物物理评估和多种经济估值工具（如资源租金、避免的成本、效益转移）进行效益货币化。研究结果凸显了海草草甸为地中海欧洲国家带来的重要效益。核算表显示了海草在提高环境和经济福祉方面的作用，以及核算证据可为保护、恢复和海洋空间规划提供的支持。

引用次数: 0

Green coops: Drivers of innovation for circular strategies among Italian cooperatives 绿色合作社：意大利合作社循环战略创新的驱动力

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108432

Asia Guerreschi , Emy Zecca

The distinct characteristics of cooperatives, grounded in values such as self-help, selfresponsibility, etc. (ICA) make them a distinctive form of enterprise that necessitates examination. As other forms of enterprise, cooperatives bear the same onus of ensuring sustainability. To comprehend the social and economic contribution of cooperatives, we investigate their impact and role in attaining environmental sustainability, focusing on circular strategies. Preliminary literature in EI finds that cooperatives facilitate the implementation of some circular economy (CE) processes with general cooperation as an EI driver. After reviewing the literature on the drivers behind the introduction of EI in SMEs, we sought to investigate the specific drivers for cooperatives. To do this, we employed an econometric model to examine CES behaviour in a sample of over 280 Italian cooperatives across various regions and sectors in Italy. The findings underscore the role of cooperation and key managerial factors as drivers for implementation of circular economy innovative strategies. While innovation drivers have been researched for SMEs, the absence on research focusing on the cooperative model, makes this paper strongly relevant to investigate how a specific firms structure would lead to their transition to be a circular innovative cooperative or rather “green” cooperative.

合作社以自助、自我负责等价值观为基础，具有鲜明的特点（国际合作社联盟），使其成为一种独特的企业形式，有必要对其进行研究。与其他形式的企业一样，合作社同样肩负着确保可持续发展的重任。为了理解合作社的社会和经济贡献，我们调查了它们在实现环境可持续性方面的影响和作用，重点是循环战略。环境创新方面的初步文献发现，合作社促进了一些循环经济（CE）进程的实施，而一般合作是环境创新的驱动力。在回顾了有关中小企业引入环境创新背后驱动因素的文献后，我们试图调查合作社的具体驱动因素。为此，我们采用计量经济学模型，对意大利不同地区和行业的 280 多家合作社的 CES 行为进行了抽样调查。研究结果强调了合作和关键管理因素对实施循环经济创新战略的推动作用。虽然已经对中小企业的创新驱动力进行了研究，但缺乏针对合作社模式的研究，这使得本文与研究特定企业结构如何促使其转型为循环创新合作社或 "绿色 "合作社密切相关。

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