Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108900
Jiaqi Li , Ja Ryong Kim , Emmanuel Adegbite
In line with global trends, China introduced the Green Credit Guidelines (GCGs) in 2012 to promote green lending and advance environmental protection. This study shifts the analytical focus from borrowing firms, the primary subject of prior research, to lending institutions and examines how banks have responded to the GCGs. Using panel data from 34 A-share listed Chinese banks between 2008 and 2020, we find a general increase in green lending following the implementation of the GCGs. However, this growth is predominantly driven by state-controlled banks, suggesting that institutional constraints limit broader industry uptake. Further analysis reveals that state-controlled banks benefit financially from green lending post-GCGs and the regions with better GCG implementation experience a decrease in pollution emission levels. Our findings support both institutional theory and relationship banking theory, highlighting the perspectives of the lending institutions and the shortcomings of the current GCGs. To enhance the effectiveness of GCGs, we recommend that the GCGs be supplemented with mechanisms that promote practices across the banking sector.
{"title":"The impact of green credit guidelines on green lending and environmental outcomes: Evidence from Chinese banks","authors":"Jiaqi Li , Ja Ryong Kim , Emmanuel Adegbite","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In line with global trends, China introduced the Green Credit Guidelines (GCGs) in 2012 to promote green lending and advance environmental protection. This study shifts the analytical focus from borrowing firms, the primary subject of prior research, to lending institutions and examines how banks have responded to the GCGs. Using panel data from 34 A-share listed Chinese banks between 2008 and 2020, we find a general increase in green lending following the implementation of the GCGs. However, this growth is predominantly driven by state-controlled banks, suggesting that institutional constraints limit broader industry uptake. Further analysis reveals that state-controlled banks benefit financially from green lending post-GCGs and the regions with better GCG implementation experience a decrease in pollution emission levels. Our findings support both institutional theory and relationship banking theory, highlighting the perspectives of the lending institutions and the shortcomings of the current GCGs. To enhance the effectiveness of GCGs, we recommend that the GCGs be supplemented with mechanisms that promote practices across the banking sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51021,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Economics","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 108900"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108899
Juan Liu , Jingmei Li , Jingzhu Shan , Shuqin Li
Oil spills result in significant damage to marine ecosystems, with monetary compensation and ecological restoration serving as the primary mechanisms for environmental damage remediation. This study examines the 2021 A Symphony tanker collision in the Qingdao coastal waters as a case study, comparing the outcomes of two environmental damage assessment methods: the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) for estimating monetary compensation and Habitat Equivalency Analysis (HEA) for assessing ecological restoration. The study also explores the applicability and implementation conditions of these two approaches. The findings show that, using the CVM, the average willingness to pay for oil spill prevention programs was estimated at 192.30 Chinese Yuan (CNY) per household, leading to an inferred ecological damage value of 697 million CNY. In contrast, HEA estimates the cost of restoring damaged marine habitat services to be between 441 million and 660 million CNY. The CVM results were approximately 5.61 % higher than the upper limit and 58.05 % higher than the lower limit of the HEA estimates. Monetary compensation ensures that public environmental welfare remains unaffected, making it suitable for cases where liability is clear and the damage is irreversible. Ecological restoration, in turn, aims to maintain marine ecosystem functions at baseline levels, making it appropriate for scenarios where the damage is primarily ecological and restoration technologies are feasible. This study provides valuable insights for the ecological damage assessment of oil spills and the formulation of environmental remediation policies.
{"title":"Ecological damage compensation in oil spills: A comparative analysis of monetary valuation and ecological restoration based on the 2021 A Symphony incident","authors":"Juan Liu , Jingmei Li , Jingzhu Shan , Shuqin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oil spills result in significant damage to marine ecosystems, with monetary compensation and ecological restoration serving as the primary mechanisms for environmental damage remediation. This study examines the 2021 <em>A Symphony</em> tanker collision in the Qingdao coastal waters as a case study, comparing the outcomes of two environmental damage assessment methods: the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) for estimating monetary compensation and Habitat Equivalency Analysis (HEA) for assessing ecological restoration. The study also explores the applicability and implementation conditions of these two approaches. The findings show that, using the CVM, the average willingness to pay for oil spill prevention programs was estimated at 192.30 Chinese Yuan (CNY) per household, leading to an inferred ecological damage value of 697 million CNY. In contrast, HEA estimates the cost of restoring damaged marine habitat services to be between 441 million and 660 million CNY. The CVM results were approximately 5.61 % higher than the upper limit and 58.05 % higher than the lower limit of the HEA estimates. Monetary compensation ensures that public environmental welfare remains unaffected, making it suitable for cases where liability is clear and the damage is irreversible. Ecological restoration, in turn, aims to maintain marine ecosystem functions at baseline levels, making it appropriate for scenarios where the damage is primarily ecological and restoration technologies are feasible. This study provides valuable insights for the ecological damage assessment of oil spills and the formulation of environmental remediation policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51021,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Economics","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 108899"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108891
David Soto-Oñate , Daniel Petrovics , Thomas Bauwens
Half a century after The Limits to Growth warned that unchecked economic expansion would breach planetary boundaries, the question remains: how can societies adjust their scale to ecological boundaries without sacrificing democracy? Scholars in the post-growth tradition have emphasized the potential of polycentric governance systems—composed of nested, partly self-governed decision-making units—to provide the necessary coordination for addressing post-growth concerns while preserving democracy and self-governance at lower political scales. However, the central aspects of a polycentric approach to post-growth transformations are only superficially addressed in the literature, and the implications of building and operationalizing this political architecture remain to be developed. This article analyzes the consistency, potential, and domain of a research program integrating both scholarships. First, it evaluates the coherence between post-growth and polycentricity's positive grounds, normative underpinnings, and boundary conditions. Second, it formulates the central concept of polycentric articulation, the process by which rights and responsibilities are polycentrically rearranged to align governance with socio-ecological problems. Third, it describes the transitional pathways through four basic rearrangement processes: pooling, cession, disaggregation, and appropriation. Finally, by mapping five interacting analytic components—concerns, actors, coordination mechanisms, overarching institutional contexts, and political-economy dynamics—the paper produces a conceptual matrix that reveals research avenues, identifies testable hypotheses, and guides practitioners designing post-growth interventions. The result is a coherent roadmap for empirical and theoretical work on governing beyond growth.
半个世纪前，《增长的极限》（The Limits to Growth）警告说，不受控制的经济扩张将破坏地球的边界，但问题仍然存在：社会如何在不牺牲民主的情况下调整其规模以适应生态边界？后增长传统的学者强调了多中心治理系统的潜力——由嵌套的、部分自治的决策单元组成——为解决后增长问题提供必要的协调，同时在较低的政治尺度上保留民主和自治。然而，在文献中，多中心方法对后增长转型的核心方面只进行了肤浅的论述，而建立和实施这种政治架构的含义仍有待发展。本文分析了整合两种奖学金的研究项目的一致性、潜力和领域。首先，它评估了后增长和多中心的积极基础、规范基础和边界条件之间的一致性。其次，它阐述了多中心衔接的核心概念，即权利和责任被多中心重新安排以使治理与社会生态问题保持一致的过程。第三，通过汇集、割让、分解和占有四种基本的资源重排过程描述了资源转移路径。最后，通过绘制五个相互作用的分析组件——关注点、参与者、协调机制、总体制度背景和政治经济动态——本文产生了一个概念矩阵，该矩阵揭示了研究途径，确定了可测试的假设，并指导从业者设计增长后干预措施。其结果是为超越增长的治理提供了一个连贯的实证和理论工作路线图。
{"title":"Post-growth meets polycentric governance: Toward an interdisciplinary research program","authors":"David Soto-Oñate , Daniel Petrovics , Thomas Bauwens","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Half a century after <em>The Limits to Growth</em> warned that unchecked economic expansion would breach planetary boundaries, the question remains: how can societies adjust their scale to ecological boundaries without sacrificing democracy? Scholars in the post-growth tradition have emphasized the potential of polycentric governance systems—composed of nested, partly self-governed decision-making units—to provide the necessary coordination for addressing post-growth concerns while preserving democracy and self-governance at lower political scales. However, the central aspects of a polycentric approach to post-growth transformations are only superficially addressed in the literature, and the implications of building and operationalizing this political architecture remain to be developed. This article analyzes the consistency, potential, and domain of a research program integrating both scholarships. First, it evaluates the coherence between post-growth and polycentricity's positive grounds, normative underpinnings, and boundary conditions. Second, it formulates the central concept of polycentric articulation, the process by which rights and responsibilities are polycentrically rearranged to align governance with socio-ecological problems. Third, it describes the transitional pathways through four basic rearrangement processes: pooling, cession, disaggregation, and appropriation. Finally, by mapping five interacting analytic components—concerns, actors, coordination mechanisms, overarching institutional contexts, and political-economy dynamics—the paper produces a conceptual matrix that reveals research avenues, identifies testable hypotheses, and guides practitioners designing post-growth interventions. The result is a coherent roadmap for empirical and theoretical work on governing beyond growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51021,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Economics","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 108891"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108906
Peigong Li, Umeair Shahzad
This study examines the firm-level determinants of corporate biodiversity risk exposure by analyzing its associations with operational practices, financial activities, and governance structure. The theoretical framework builds on the system-based perspective of natural capital theory, which views ecosystems as essential assets supporting economic activity. Biodiversity risk is measured using a text analysis method that captures the frequency of biodiversity-related terms in financial reports, based on a structured biodiversity dictionary. The sample includes 1960 publicly listed Chinese firms from 2011 to 2022. To test the proposed framework, we apply machine learning algorithms such as support vector regression, random forest, and K-nearest neighbor, alongside deep learning models including long short-term memory and deep multilayer perceptron. The results show that firms with high resource use, carbon emissions, supply chain concentration, and financial leverage face greater biodiversity risk. In contrast, firms that invest in green innovation, attract institutional investors, and establish environmental governance committees report lower biodiversity exposure. Model validation using normal, cross-validation, and bootstrapping techniques confirms that deep learning models perform better than conventional machine learning in predicting biodiversity risk. The findings offer valuable insights for researchers and policymakers aiming to understand and reduce corporate biodiversity risks in complex industrial and ecological systems.
{"title":"Corporate biodiversity risk exposure in China: A system-based perspective from natural capital theory using machine and deep learning algorithms","authors":"Peigong Li, Umeair Shahzad","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the firm-level determinants of corporate biodiversity risk exposure by analyzing its associations with operational practices, financial activities, and governance structure. The theoretical framework builds on the system-based perspective of natural capital theory, which views ecosystems as essential assets supporting economic activity. Biodiversity risk is measured using a text analysis method that captures the frequency of biodiversity-related terms in financial reports, based on a structured biodiversity dictionary. The sample includes 1960 publicly listed Chinese firms from 2011 to 2022. To test the proposed framework, we apply machine learning algorithms such as support vector regression, random forest, and K-nearest neighbor, alongside deep learning models including long short-term memory and deep multilayer perceptron. The results show that firms with high resource use, carbon emissions, supply chain concentration, and financial leverage face greater biodiversity risk. In contrast, firms that invest in green innovation, attract institutional investors, and establish environmental governance committees report lower biodiversity exposure. Model validation using normal, cross-validation, and bootstrapping techniques confirms that deep learning models perform better than conventional machine learning in predicting biodiversity risk. The findings offer valuable insights for researchers and policymakers aiming to understand and reduce corporate biodiversity risks in complex industrial and ecological systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51021,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Economics","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 108906"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108910
Heng Luo , Anthony Higney , Yanmei Ye , Jinghui Zhao , Nick Hanley
Secure land tenure is crucial for sustainable land use, influencing landowners' willingness to engage in conservation. This paper estimates the effects of conservation easements (CE) on rural households' perceived tenure security which would in turn impact the conservation efficacy of CEs. A conceptual framework linking changes in forestland tenure arrangements to perceived tenure security is proposed in the analysis. Based on data from a face-to-face survey with 305 households in 16 administrative villages, the analysis uses difference-in-differences with propensity score matching estimation techniques to test the effects in the context of China. The empirical results suggest that CEs have no significant impacts on perceived tenure security, measured by reported forestland conflicts and perceived likelihood of expropriation and reallocation. However, a subgroup regression shows that households with more privately managed forest plots perceive a rise in the likelihood of expropriation, highlighting the need for consideration of land tenure contexts in incentive-based conservation programs.
{"title":"Impacts of conservation easements on perceived land tenure security","authors":"Heng Luo , Anthony Higney , Yanmei Ye , Jinghui Zhao , Nick Hanley","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Secure land tenure is crucial for sustainable land use, influencing landowners' willingness to engage in conservation. This paper estimates the effects of conservation easements (CE) on rural households' perceived tenure security which would in turn impact the conservation efficacy of CEs. A conceptual framework linking changes in forestland tenure arrangements to perceived tenure security is proposed in the analysis. Based on data from a face-to-face survey with 305 households in 16 administrative villages, the analysis uses difference-in-differences with propensity score matching estimation techniques to test the effects in the context of China. The empirical results suggest that CEs have no significant impacts on perceived tenure security, measured by reported forestland conflicts and perceived likelihood of expropriation and reallocation. However, a subgroup regression shows that households with more privately managed forest plots perceive a rise in the likelihood of expropriation, highlighting the need for consideration of land tenure contexts in incentive-based conservation programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51021,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Economics","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 108910"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108898
Kit England , Paul Watkiss , Alistair Hunt , Konstantinos Dellis , Sam Barrett , Richard Taylor , Stella Whittaker
There is a large finance gap between what countries and regions need for climate change adaptation and what is being supplied. Meeting regional adaptation needs is likely to require significant reform to subnational financing arrangements. In this context, institutions are developing new approaches, but these remain underexplored in the literature. In the mainstream climate finance discourse, the development of Adaptation Investment Planning (AIP) processes is emerging as a key focus for national governments – with methods emerging to translate high level ambitions into programmatic sets of bankable projects. Yet despite the importance of subnational governments in implementing adaptation, there has been little attention given to developing similar approaches at this level.
In the face of accelerating climate change risks, Europe is fostering new and innovative solutions to mobilise resources. To date, European subnational adaptive management cycles have had limited focus on addressing financing barriers. We highlight that by employing a welfare economics lens, it is possible to identify barriers to adaptation financing, and design dedicated AIP processes to address these. Drawing on the results of the Pathways2Resilience project and building on a review of 14 adaptation planning processes, we have developed a subnational Adaptation Investment Cycle and are currently testing this with 100 regions in Europe. The cycle links adaptation planning and decision-making with public financial management, investment management and development planning. We argue that this will enable subnational governments to build pipelines of adaptation investments and strengthen enabling environments, whilst also improving governance and facilitating wider financial reform. We conclude by evaluating limitations and recommending areas for further research.
{"title":"Using a dedicated adaptation financing process to close subnational adaptation finance gaps in Europe","authors":"Kit England , Paul Watkiss , Alistair Hunt , Konstantinos Dellis , Sam Barrett , Richard Taylor , Stella Whittaker","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is a large finance gap between what countries and regions need for climate change adaptation and what is being supplied. Meeting regional adaptation needs is likely to require significant reform to subnational financing arrangements. In this context, institutions are developing new approaches, but these remain underexplored in the literature. In the mainstream climate finance discourse, the development of Adaptation Investment Planning (AIP) processes is emerging as a key focus for national governments – with methods emerging to translate high level ambitions into programmatic sets of bankable projects. Yet despite the importance of subnational governments in implementing adaptation, there has been little attention given to developing similar approaches at this level.</div><div>In the face of accelerating climate change risks, Europe is fostering new and innovative solutions to mobilise resources. To date, European subnational adaptive management cycles have had limited focus on addressing financing barriers. We highlight that by employing a welfare economics lens, it is possible to identify barriers to adaptation financing, and design dedicated AIP processes to address these. Drawing on the results of the Pathways2Resilience project and building on a review of 14 adaptation planning processes, we have developed a subnational Adaptation Investment Cycle and are currently testing this with 100 regions in Europe. The cycle links adaptation planning and decision-making with public financial management, investment management and development planning. We argue that this will enable subnational governments to build pipelines of adaptation investments and strengthen enabling environments, whilst also improving governance and facilitating wider financial reform. We conclude by evaluating limitations and recommending areas for further research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51021,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Economics","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 108898"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145823286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108894
Tomas Rosenfeld , Benno Pokorny , Jacques Marcovitch , Peter Poschen
The sustainable use of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) promised to reconcile forest conservation and economic development. Particularly in the Brazilian Amazon, initiatives to promote development based on NTFPs have proliferated since the 1990s. Surprisingly, there is litte empirical evidence of the outcomes of these initiatives which comprehensively addresses all dimension of sustainability (economic, social and environmental) over time. To fill this gap, this article undertakes a longitudinal analysis of the case of São Francisco do Iratapuru, in the Eastern Amazon state of Amapá. The community has a long history of well-documented NTFP initiatives spanning several decades. Using information from former studies as well as own empirical data from interviews, a representative household survey and focus groups, we show that the quality of life in the village has improved markedly over the last decades while the forest has been conserved. We observed an increase in real income, a reduction in income inequality and better access of households to marketed as well as public goods and services, except eletricity. An examination of the results chains of initiatives in São Francisco do Iratapuru and the comparison with neighboring regions that have experienced other development approaches suggests that these achievements are largely attributable to NTFP-related interventions.
非木材林产品的可持续利用有望协调森林保护和经济发展。特别是在巴西亚马逊地区，自20世纪90年代以来，以非森林保护区为基础促进发展的倡议激增。令人惊讶的是，几乎没有经验证据表明，随着时间的推移，这些举措全面解决了可持续性（经济、社会和环境）的所有方面。为了填补这一空白，本文对亚马逊东部州amapap的o Francisco do Iratapuru的案例进行了纵向分析。几十年来，该社区在NTFP倡议方面有着悠久的历史。利用以往研究的信息以及来自访谈、有代表性的家庭调查和焦点小组的经验数据，我们表明，在过去几十年里，在森林得到保护的同时，村庄的生活质量得到了显著改善。我们观察到实际收入增加，收入不平等减少，家庭获得市场和公共产品和服务的机会增加，但电力除外。对弗朗西斯科·伊拉塔普鲁市倡议成果链的审查以及与采用其他发展方法的邻近地区的比较表明，这些成就在很大程度上归功于与ntfp有关的干预措施。
{"title":"Local development based on non-timber forest products: Revisiting the case of São Francisco do Iratapuru in the Brazilian Amazon","authors":"Tomas Rosenfeld , Benno Pokorny , Jacques Marcovitch , Peter Poschen","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sustainable use of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) promised to reconcile forest conservation and economic development. Particularly in the Brazilian Amazon, initiatives to promote development based on NTFPs have proliferated since the 1990s. Surprisingly, there is litte empirical evidence of the outcomes of these initiatives which comprehensively addresses all dimension of sustainability (economic, social and environmental) over time. To fill this gap, this article undertakes a longitudinal analysis of the case of <em>São Francisco do Iratapuru</em>, in the Eastern Amazon state of Amapá. The community has a long history of well-documented NTFP initiatives spanning several decades. Using information from former studies as well as own empirical data from interviews, a representative household survey and focus groups, we show that the quality of life in the village has improved markedly over the last decades while the forest has been conserved. We observed an increase in real income, a reduction in income inequality and better access of households to marketed as well as public goods and services, except eletricity. An examination of the results chains of initiatives in <em>São Francisco do Iratapuru</em> and the comparison with neighboring regions that have experienced other development approaches suggests that these achievements are largely attributable to NTFP-related interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51021,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Economics","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 108894"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108904
Abdullah Emre Caglar , Mehmet Ulug , Shujaat Abbas
This study examines the impact of medium- and low-technology manufacturing, fossil energy research and development, economic growth, and financial development on environmental sustainability in Germany from 1991 to 2022. By offering a novel perspective on existing literature, this study extends Kaldor's structuralist perspective through empirical investigation of the greening challenge posed by medium- and low-technology manufacturing. Using the load capacity factor as a multidimensional metric of environmental sustainability and applying a novel Fourier Asymmetric ARDL approach, the analysis reveals meaningful nonlinear and asymmetric relationships. The results show that both positive and negative shocks to medium- and low-technology manufacturing significantly reduce environmental sustainability in the short and long run, with positive shocks causing nearly twice the ecological damage compared to the gains from negative shocks. This suggests that medium- and low-technology manufacturing sectors act as a structural constraint on sustainability, pointing to the need for modernizing industrial production. Economic growth and financial development are found to have a significant and positive effect on environmental sustainability, suggesting that Germany has reached a development threshold where growth and environmental goals are mutually reinforcing. In contrast, fossil energy R&D investments exhibit an insignificant effect, highlighting the need to redirect research efforts toward renewable technologies. The findings carry important policy implications for advancing green industrial strategies, scaling sustainable finance, and aligning industrial transformation with Germany's long-term climate commitments and the Sustainable Development Goals.
{"title":"Green Kaldorian growth: A framework for linking manufacturing, innovation, and sustainability","authors":"Abdullah Emre Caglar , Mehmet Ulug , Shujaat Abbas","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impact of medium- and low-technology manufacturing, fossil energy research and development, economic growth, and financial development on environmental sustainability in Germany from 1991 to 2022. By offering a novel perspective on existing literature, this study extends Kaldor's structuralist perspective through empirical investigation of the greening challenge posed by medium- and low-technology manufacturing. Using the load capacity factor as a multidimensional metric of environmental sustainability and applying a novel Fourier Asymmetric ARDL approach, the analysis reveals meaningful nonlinear and asymmetric relationships. The results show that both positive and negative shocks to medium- and low-technology manufacturing significantly reduce environmental sustainability in the short and long run, with positive shocks causing nearly twice the ecological damage compared to the gains from negative shocks. This suggests that medium- and low-technology manufacturing sectors act as a structural constraint on sustainability, pointing to the need for modernizing industrial production. Economic growth and financial development are found to have a significant and positive effect on environmental sustainability, suggesting that Germany has reached a development threshold where growth and environmental goals are mutually reinforcing. In contrast, fossil energy R&D investments exhibit an insignificant effect, highlighting the need to redirect research efforts toward renewable technologies. The findings carry important policy implications for advancing green industrial strategies, scaling sustainable finance, and aligning industrial transformation with Germany's long-term climate commitments and the Sustainable Development Goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51021,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Economics","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 108904"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2026.108997
Morten Bennedsen, John Doukas, Halit Gonenc
{"title":"Stringency of family firms and owner-managers in the transition to low-carbon emissions","authors":"Morten Bennedsen, John Doukas, Halit Gonenc","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2026.108997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2026.108997","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51021,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Economics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147496845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2026.108981
Francisco M. Osorio-Molina, Rocío Muñoz-Benito, David Pérez-Neira
{"title":"Tourism degrowth perspectives, drivers and policies. A systematic review","authors":"Francisco M. Osorio-Molina, Rocío Muñoz-Benito, David Pérez-Neira","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2026.108981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2026.108981","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51021,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Economics","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147496846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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