Ecological Economics最新文献_第4页

A research framework to investigate food systems at a national scale 在全国范围内调查粮食系统的研究框架

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108428

Noelia Parajuá , Enric Tello , Jessica Duncan

This article aims to advance understandings of food systems functioning at a national level and explore ways for its transformation towards sustainability and social justice. Integrating food regime theory from political economy with social metabolism from ecological economics, and surplus/reproduction from feminist economics, we develop a novel research framework which combines six dimensions—food systems governance, monetary agrifood chain, socio-metabolic agrifood chain, surplus/reproduction, socioecological impacts, and conflicts & levers of change—encompassing 34 elements linked through six key connections. The research framework highlights the role of cheap food for the social reproduction of the labouring population in capitalism. Since national states play important roles in maintaining food regimes, we conducted a critical literature review through which we identified the main contributions and limitations of studies of food regimes at the national level aimed at foreseeing exit ways beyond the current corporate food regime. This regime is one of the main drives of the overcoming of planetary boundaries. An agroecological transition and food system change is needed to address this socio-ecological crisis, and this requires new food polices at a national level as well. This is why we consider it essential to integrate social metabolism with the approaches of food regimes and surplus/reproduction.

本文旨在推进对国家层面粮食系统运作的理解，并探索其向可持续发展和社会公正转变的途径。我们将政治经济学中的粮食制度理论与生态经济学中的社会新陈代谢理论以及女权主义经济学中的剩余/再生产理论相结合，建立了一个新颖的研究框架，该框架结合了六个维度--粮食系统治理、货币农业粮食链、社会新陈代谢农业粮食链、剩余/再生产、社会生态影响以及冲突&；变革杠杆--包含 34 个要素，通过六种关键联系相互关联。研究框架强调了廉价粮食对资本主义劳动人口社会再生产的作用。由于国家在维持粮食体制方面发挥着重要作用，我们进行了一次批判性文献回顾，通过回顾，我们确定了国家层面粮食体制研究的主要贡献和局限性，旨在预见超越当前企业粮食体制的出路。这种制度是克服地球边界的主要动力之一。为解决这一社会生态危机，需要进行农业生态转型和粮食系统变革，这也需要在国家层面制定新的粮食政策。因此，我们认为必须将社会新陈代谢与粮食制度和剩余/生产方法结合起来。

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引用次数: 0

Varieties of Anticapitalism: A systematic study of transformation strategies in alternative economic discourses 反资本主义的多样性：另类经济论述中的转型战略系统研究

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108423

Querine Kommandeur , Juliette Alenda-Demoutiez , Maria Kaufmann , Ingrid Visseren-Hamakers

The confluence of multiple crises has prompted a growing recognition of the need for transformations. Economic systems, including patterns of consumption and production, play a key role in sustainability transformations. The notion that capitalist systems are at the root of current ecological and social crises has led to the emergence of different alternative economic discourses, that seek to address the indirect drivers of unsustainability. In this article, we aim to contribute to moving the debate beyond critiques of capitalism by focussing on the paths of transformation towards alternatives. To this end, we analyse several alternative economic discourses in order to show the breadth of the debate, and to better understand the roles and strategies of various discourses in societal transformation. Seven discourses are included, of which Buen Vivir, Degrowth and Wellbeing Economy are analysed in-depth. This is done through a systematic analysis of literature published between 2015 and 2022, using an enhanced conceptual framework based on the works of Wright (2019) and Chertkovskaya (2022). Our analysis suggests that the discourses represent different modes of transformation, and that these differences exist both between, as well as within the different discourses. We argue that transformations cannot be achieved through single discourses, or modes of transformation. Rather, concerted efforts of different discourses aimed at addressing indirect drivers of unsustainability can provide the multi-faceted processes of societal change, in which they can support and reinforce one another through alliances and mutual learning.

多重危机交织在一起，促使人们日益认识到转型的必要性。经济体系，包括消费和生产模式，在可持续性转型中发挥着关键作用。资本主义制度是当前生态和社会危机的根源，这一观点导致了不同的替代经济论述的出现，这些论述寻求解决不可持续的间接驱动因素。在这篇文章中，我们的目标是通过关注向替代方案转型的途径，推动辩论超越对资本主义的批判。为此，我们分析了几种替代性经济论述，以展示辩论的广度，并更好地理解各种论述在社会转型中的作用和策略。我们对其中的 "美好生活"（Buen Vivir）、"去增长"（Degrowth）和 "福祉经济"（Wellbeing Economy）进行了深入分析。分析是通过对 2015 年至 2022 年间发表的文献进行系统分析完成的，并使用了基于赖特（2019 年）和切尔特科夫斯卡娅（2022 年）著作的增强概念框架。我们的分析表明，这些论述代表了不同的转型模式，这些差异既存在于不同论述之间，也存在于不同论述内部。我们认为，转型不能通过单一的话语或转型模式来实现。相反，旨在解决不可持续性间接驱动因素的不同论述之间的协同努力可以提供多方面的社会变革过程，在这一过程中，它们可以通过联盟和相互学习来相互支持和加强。

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引用次数: 0

Efficiency, sufficiency and consistency in sustainable development: Reassessing strategies for reaching overarching goals 可持续发展的效率、充足性和一致性：重新评估实现总体目标的战略

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108426

Marco Rudolf, Mario Schmidt

Humanity faces a dilemma: The satisfaction of human needs gravely endangers the natural basis of life. As potential strategies for resolving this dilemma, we revisit the discourse on efficiency, sufficiency and consistency. Although there has been much discussion about the three strategies in recent decades, there is a lack of a clear distinction between the strategies and little understanding regarding their respective impact on both the environment and human needs satisfaction. This leads to persistent disagreement about which strategies are best suited to pursue in the short, medium and long term. In this article, we resolve this problem on a conceptual level through a graphical classification of the three strategies according to their effects on consumption levels and environmental impact. This framework contributes to the literature on energy transition and the circular economy as key paths to sustainability by showing the limited effects of efficiency and sufficiency strategies over the long run in contrast to the promise of the consistency strategy as a systemic change.

人类面临着两难境地：满足人类的需求严重危及生命的自然基础。作为解决这一困境的潜在策略，我们重温了关于效率、充足性和一致性的论述。尽管近几十年来关于这三种战略的讨论不绝于耳，但这三种战略之间缺乏明确的区别，人们对它们各自对环境和满足人类需求的影响也知之甚少。这导致人们对短期、中期和长期最适合采取哪种战略始终存在分歧。在本文中，我们根据三种战略对消费水平和环境影响的影响，以图表形式对其进行了分类，从而在概念层面上解决了这一问题。这一框架表明，效率和充足战略的长期效果有限，而一致性战略则有望带来系统性变革，从而为有关能源转型和循环经济的文献做出了贡献。

引用次数: 0

A pragmatist ecological economics - Normative foundations and a framework for actionable knowledge 实用主义生态经济学--规范基础和可操作知识框架

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108422

Christopher A. Armatas , William T. Borrie

Ecological economics envisions problem-solving collaborative efforts characterized by disciplinary diversity and participants within and outside of research professions. Pursuit of its ambitious vision has led to ambiguity in terms of ecological economics' paradigms, methodology, and subject matter. There remains a need for comprehensive methodologies and for nuanced discussions of methodological pluralism and action-oriented research practice. We present a pragmatist ecological economics as one foundation to practicing ecological economics. We synthesize the basic normative assumptions of a pragmatist philosophy with the foundational goals of ecological economics. This synthesis provides potential researchers with foundations including a basic scientific worldview, a topical focus on a quasi-distinct portion of human-nature relationships, two broad burning questions, a basic menu of methods, and action-oriented goals for applying ecological economics in practice. Methodological pluralism is embraced, and conflicting normative assumptions are reconciled with the recognition that singular inquiries provide incomplete or partial knowledge, not competing knowledge. By integrating into applied contexts, in large part by building relationships with practitioners and the diverse publics, we suggest that there is opportunity to co-develop processes and forums that at least can help us understand one another better on our collective effort toward sustainability.

生态经济学设想了以学科多样性和研究专业内外的参与者为特点的解决问题的合作努力。对其宏伟愿景的追求导致了生态经济学在范式、方法论和主题方面的模糊性。我们仍然需要全面的方法论，需要对方法论多元化和以行动为导向的研究实践进行细致入微的讨论。我们提出了实用主义生态经济学，作为实践生态经济学的基础之一。我们将实用主义哲学的基本规范假设与生态经济学的基本目标进行了综合。这种综合为潜在的研究人员提供了基础，包括基本的科学世界观、对人类与自然关系中准独立部分的专题关注、两个广泛的紧迫问题、基本的方法菜单以及在实践中应用生态经济学的行动导向目标。方法论多元化得到了认可，相互冲突的规范性假设也得到了调和，因为我们认识到，单一的研究提供的是不完整或片面的知识，而不是相互竞争的知识。通过融入应用环境，在很大程度上通过与实践者和不同的公众建立关系，我们建议有机会共同开发流程和论坛，至少可以帮助我们在实现可持续发展的集体努力中更好地相互理解。

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引用次数: 0

Rising inequality: A material perspective on the Great Recession in the European Union 不平等加剧：从物质角度看欧盟大衰退

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108417

Anke Schaffartzik , Juan Antonio Duro

The 2007/8 economic crisis and the global Great Recession led to widespread turmoil and instability. In Europe, unprecedented reductions in per capita resource use were crisis-driven rather than the result of deliberate policies. This study examines material use patterns in the EU-27 from 2000 to 2020, covering the period before and the onset of the Great Recession. We find that average material consumption in Europe decreased and has since stagnated, although this trend is uneven, with growing underlying inequalities, as measured using the Theil index of metabolic rates. The patterns in construction materials especially shape overall resource use trajectories. The role of infrastructure and services provisioning, especially where these are fossil-fueled, emerges as key in understanding these patterns. Geographic groupings of EU member states—Northern, Eastern, Mediterranean, and Central—further explain the inequalities that deepened following the recession. These emerging disparities raise important questions about what underpins the European project in a Union in which growth or sustained wealth in some member states systematically coincides with what can only be described as collapse elsewhere.

2007/8 年经济危机和全球大衰退导致了广泛的动荡和不稳定。在欧洲，人均资源使用量的空前减少是危机驱动的结果，而不是政策深思熟虑的结果。本研究考察了 2000 年至 2020 年欧盟 27 国的材料使用模式，涵盖了大衰退之前和开始的时期。我们发现，欧洲的平均材料消耗量有所下降，此后停滞不前，但这一趋势并不均衡，使用代谢率的 Theil 指数衡量，潜在的不平等现象日益严重。建筑材料的使用模式尤其影响了资源的整体使用轨迹。基础设施和服务供应（尤其是化石燃料供应）的作用是理解这些模式的关键。欧盟成员国的地理分组--北部、东部、地中海和中部--进一步解释了经济衰退后加深的不平等。这些新出现的不平等现象提出了一些重要问题，即在一个某些成员国持续增长或持续富裕的欧盟中，欧洲项目的基础是什么？

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引用次数: 0

Changes in global trade patterns increase global inequality towards Sustainable Development Goals 全球贸易模式的变化加剧了全球的不平等实现可持续发展目标

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108421

Jiayu Wang , Ke Wang , Klaus Hubacek , Kuishuang Feng , Yuli Shan , Yi-Ming Wei

Reaching the UN's sustainable development goals (SDGs) is influenced by a country's position in global value chains and its involvement in international trade. Here, we assess how changes in global trade patterns (CGTP) during 2004 and 2014 impacted 13 SDG indicators in 141 countries/regions which are further divided into four income groups. Trade pattern is characterized by the direction, composition, and magnitude of trade, indicating an economy imports what types (composition) and magnitudes of goods or services from where (direction). We find that CGTP aggravated socioeconomic and environmental inequality between countries in two ways: 1) the amount of indicators that significantly worsened due to CGTP decreased from 8 indicators (2004–2007) to 1 (2011–2014) for high-income and upper-middle-income countries, but increased from 5 to 14 for lower-middle-income and low-income countries; 2) CGTP led to a coupling of value added with most natural resource consumption and environmental pollution indicators for low-income countries, while they strengthened decoupling or reducing coupling for other countries. The findings imply one key to achieving SDGs is to address the inequality between rich and poor countries through implementing policy interventions that influence import and vertical supply chain thereby shifting the trade patterns towards environmental-economic decoupling in poor countries.

实现联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）受到一个国家在全球价值链中的地位及其参与国际贸易程度的影响。在此，我们评估了 2004 年至 2014 年间全球贸易模式（CGTP）的变化如何影响 141 个国家/地区的 13 个可持续发展目标指标，这些国家/地区又被划分为四个收入组。贸易模式的特点是贸易的方向、构成和规模，表明一个经济体从何处进口何种类型（构成）和规模的商品或服务（方向）。我们发现，CGTP 从两个方面加剧了国家间的社会经济和环境不平等：1）对于高收入和中高收入国家，CGTP 导致明显恶化的指标数量从 8 个指标（2004-2007 年）减少到 1 个指标（2011-2014 年），但对于中低收入和低收入国家，则从 5 个指标增加到 14 个指标；2）对于低收入国家，CGTP 导致附加值与大多数自然资源消耗和环境污染指标耦合，而对于其他国家，CGTP 加强了脱钩或减少了耦合。研究结果表明，实现可持续发展目标的关键之一是通过实施影响进口和纵向供应链的政策干预措施来解决富国和穷国之间的不平等问题，从而将贸易模式转向穷国的环境经济脱钩。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of Indonesia's Forest Management Units on the reduction of forest loss and forest fires in Sulawesi 印度尼西亚森林管理单位对减少苏拉威西岛森林损失和森林火灾的影响

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108418

Colas Chervier , Stibniati S. Atmadja , Sandy Nofyanza , Choiriatun Nur Annisa , Fitri Nurfatriani , Rochadi Kristiningrum , Muhammad Alif K. Sahide , Ali Suhardiman , Syukur Umar

The establishment of Forest Management Units (Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan/ KPH) represents one of Indonesia's most significant forest governance reforms, covering the 120 million hectares of designated Forest Areas. Sharing features with the Landscape Approach, KPHs are expected to reduce deforestation and forest degradation through improved forest planning, oversight, open access avoidance, and fire prevention and response. This paper assesses the impact of KPHs on the reduction of forest loss, including forest loss due to fire, and the factors that influence this impact (e.g. KPH's primary objective, deforestation risk). We use remotely sensed data to estimate difference-in-differences models accounting for differences in baseline characteristics and multiple time periods. Our case study, Sulawesi Island, is primarily shaped by smallholder farmer land use, where KPHs can exert significant influence. We do not find evidence of an overall effect of KPHs on deforestation. However, we observe intriguing heterogeneous effects depending on the year, including significantly less deforestation in already-established KPHs during the El Niño years of 2015–16, and a notable impact on the reduction of forest loss due to fire in some early-established KPHs. These findings warrant further investigation.

森林管理单位（Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan/ KPH）的建立是印度尼西亚最重要的森林治理改革之一，覆盖了 1.2 亿公顷的指定林区。KPH 与景观方法具有相同的特点，预计将通过改进森林规划、监督、避免开放获取以及火灾预防和应对来减少森林砍伐和森林退化。本文评估了 KPH 对减少森林损失（包括火灾造成的森林损失）的影响，以及影响这种影响的因素（如 KPH 的主要目标、毁林风险）。我们利用遥感数据来估算差异模型，并考虑基线特征和多个时间段的差异。我们的案例研究--苏拉威西岛--主要由小农户的土地使用情况决定，KPH 可在此发挥重要影响。我们没有发现 KPHs 对森林砍伐有整体影响的证据。但是，我们观察到了不同年份的不同影响，包括在 2015-16 年厄尔尼诺年期间，已经建立的 KPHs 的森林砍伐明显减少，以及在一些早期建立的 KPHs 中，对减少火灾造成的森林损失产生了显著影响。这些发现值得进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Impacts of population, affluence and urbanization on local air pollution and land transformation – A regional STIRPAT analysis for German districts 人口、富裕程度和城市化对当地空气污染和土地变化的影响--对德国各地区的 STIRPAT 分析

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108416

Johannes Lohwasser , Thomas Bolognesi , Axel Schaffer

Anthropogenic environmental impacts substantially threaten the sustainable development of cities and counties. This paper offers an original assessment of the role played by population, economic growth and technology change in the evolution of local air pollution and soil sealing, using the STIRPAT approach. The analysis covers the development of 367 German counties and autonomous cities (NUTS 3 level) between 1990 and 2020. Results indicate that the development of NO_x emissions and soil sealing is clearly related to car ownership, number of houses and regional population for all counties. In contrast to, environmental impacts related to GDP per capita, share of industrial manufacturing and urban density depend on the types of regions. Finally, results show non-linear (EKC) dynamics regarding the impacts of population and GDP per capita on NO_x emissions. Environmental policies need to take care about the settlement structures and the level of relevant variables.

人为环境影响严重威胁着城市和县城的可持续发展。本文采用 STIRPAT 方法，对人口、经济增长和技术变革在当地空气污染和土壤密封演变中所起的作用进行了原创性评估。分析涵盖 1990 年至 2020 年期间德国 367 个县和自治市（NUTS 3 级别）的发展情况。结果表明，所有县的氮氧化物排放和土壤封闭的发展都与汽车保有量、房屋数量和地区人口数量明显相关。与此相反，与人均国内生产总值、工业制造业比重和城市密度相关的环境影响则取决于地区类型。最后，在人口和人均 GDP 对氮氧化物排放的影响方面，结果显示出非线性（EKC）动态。环境政策需要关注居住结构和相关变量的水平。

引用次数: 0

Stated preferences for the colours, smells, and sounds of biodiversity 表示喜欢生物多样性的颜色、气味和声音

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108410

Peter M. King , Martin Dallimer , Thomas Lundhede , Gail E. Austen , Jessica C. Fisher , Katherine N. Irvine , Robert D. Fish , Zoe G. Davies

Forest creation and restoration are embedded in global policy. Both result in landscape changes that have far-reaching socioeconomic consequences. However, there is limited evidence on public preferences for the biodiversity these forests contain. Here we used a choice experiment to explore the British public's willingness to pay (WTP) for different forest biodiversity attributes. We began with a multiple-step deliberative participatory process. This revealed that participants conceptualised forest biodiversity through visual, aural and olfactory senses. We subsequently developed and pre-tested sensory attributes based on colours, smells and sounds. Depending on the size of the proposed change, participants (N = 1711) were willing-to-pay for a greater variety of sensory attributes and for an indicator of improved ecological functioning (deadwood for decomposition). WTP for sensory attributes was influenced by participants' having related sensory impairments or visiting forests frequently. Our wider contribution highlights the importance of participatory methods to unearth novel and uncommon attributes that can then be used in stated preference studies. Ensuring that we evaluate stated preferences in a manner that reflects how the public conceives biodiversity is important if we are to improve the alignment between forest creation/restoration and public views, which could thus help bolster public support for the planning and implementation of landscape changes.

营造和恢复森林是全球政策的一部分。两者都会导致景观变化，产生深远的社会经济影响。然而，有关公众对这些森林所含生物多样性的偏好的证据却很有限。在此，我们使用选择实验来探索英国公众对不同森林生物多样性属性的支付意愿（WTP）。我们首先开展了一个多步骤的商议参与过程。结果显示，参与者通过视觉、听觉和嗅觉对森林生物多样性进行概念化。随后，我们开发并预先测试了基于颜色、气味和声音的感官属性。根据拟议改变的规模，参与者（N = 1711）愿意为更多种类的感官属性和改善生态功能的指标（用于分解的枯木）付费。参与者是否有相关的感官障碍或是否经常去森林对感官属性的 WTP 有影响。我们更广泛的贡献强调了参与式方法对于发现新颖和不常见属性的重要性，这些属性可用于陈述偏好研究。如果我们要改善森林创建/恢复与公众观点之间的一致性，确保我们以反映公众如何看待生物多样性的方式来评估陈述偏好是非常重要的，这将有助于加强公众对景观变化规划和实施的支持。

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引用次数: 0

Cost-effective policy instruments for biodiversity conservation under climate change – The need for flexibility 气候变化下保护生物多样性的成本效益政策工具--需要灵活性

IF 6.6 2区经济学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108414

Charlotte Gerling , M. Drechsler , Johannes A. Leins , Astrid Sturm , Frank Wätzold

Climate change is one of the main threats for biodiversity. As it affects the ecological and economic system, conservation costs and impacts may change in a heterogeneous manner. This implies that cost-effective conservation sites and measures may no longer be so in the future. We investigate spatial flexibility (to adapt the location of conservation sites) and management flexibility (to adapt the conservation measures on those sites) as novel criteria for analysing the cost-effectiveness of policy instruments to conserve biodiversity under climate change. We develop a generic climate-ecological-economic modelling approach that captures the role of spatial and management flexibility to assess the cost-effectiveness of policy instruments. We apply the modelling approach to the conservation of an indicator species in agricultural grasslands in a case study area in Northern Germany, and compare the cost-effectiveness of the policy instruments of land purchase (low spatial flexibility, high management flexibility) and long-term individual conservation contracts (medium spatial and management flexibility) considering a period from 2020 to 2079. We find that both spatial and management flexibility matter in the case study and discuss their broader relevance for conservation in a changing climate.

气候变化是生物多样性面临的主要威胁之一。由于气候变化会影响生态和经济系统，保护成本和影响可能会发生不同程度的变化。这意味着具有成本效益的保护地点和措施在未来可能不再具有成本效益。我们研究了空间灵活性（调整保护地点的位置）和管理灵活性（调整这些地点的保护措施），将其作为分析气候变化下生物多样性保护政策工具成本效益的新标准。我们开发了一种通用的气候-生态-经济建模方法，该方法可捕捉空间和管理灵活性在评估政策工具成本效益方面的作用。我们将该建模方法应用于德国北部一个案例研究地区的农用草地指标物种保护，并比较了从 2020 年到 2079 年期间土地购买（低空间灵活性、高管理灵活性）和长期个人保护合同（中等空间和管理灵活性）这两种政策工具的成本效益。我们发现，在案例研究中，空间和管理灵活性都很重要，并讨论了它们在不断变化的气候中与保护的广泛相关性。

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引用次数: 0