Ecography最新文献_第3页

Does biotic resistance govern forest invasions by bark and ambrosia beetles? 树皮甲虫和凤仙花甲虫入侵森林是否受到生物抗性的影响？

IF 5.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Ecography

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1002/ecog.08164

Jiří Trombik, Soňa Šenfeldová, Samuel F. Ward, Thomas H. Atkinson, Andrew M. Liebhold

The theory of biotic resistance states that community diversity promotes resistance to biological invasions. This theory has been widely explored for its ability to explain variation in habitat invasibility to non‐native plant species and while the theory holds in some systems, it does not in others. In the case of invasions by herbivorous insects, invasibility could be affected by diversity of plants and/or by diversity of native insects. While only a few studies have explored biotic resistance to insect invasions, limited evidence suggests that plant diversity can actually have a positive effect on invasibility via creation of niches for herbivorous insects though other studies of insect systems indicate that plant diversity has a negative effect on invasibility by diluting the density of hosts. Almost nothing is known about how native insect diversity affects resistance to invasions by other insects. Here we analyzed a unique inventory of native and non‐native Scolytinae/Platypodinae (bark and ambrosia beetles) across the conterminous USA. We assessed the correlates of geographical variation in numbers of both native and non‐native species per 50 × 50 km cell. We find that native tree diversity generally has positive effects on the richness of native beetle species, while the abundance of non‐native hosts promotes richness of non‐native beetles. We also observed that the effect of native beetle diversity on non‐native Scolytinae/Platypodinae species richness is either lacking or positive. These results indicate fundamental differences between plants and insects in the way native and non‐native species interact; while interspecific competition can exert a strong influence on plant invasions, it appears less important for insects. Results thus indicate that the biotic resistance hypothesis does not explain invasion patterns of bark and ambrosia beetles.

生物抗性理论指出，群落多样性促进了对生物入侵的抵抗力。这一理论因其解释非本地植物物种的栖息地入侵性变化的能力而被广泛探索，尽管该理论在某些系统中成立，但在其他系统中却不成立。在食草昆虫入侵的情况下，可入侵性可能受到植物多样性和/或本地昆虫多样性的影响。虽然只有少数研究探讨了生物对昆虫入侵的抗性，但有限的证据表明，植物多样性实际上可以通过为食草昆虫创造生态位对入侵性产生积极影响，尽管其他昆虫系统的研究表明，植物多样性通过稀释宿主密度对入侵性产生负面影响。原生昆虫的多样性如何影响对其他昆虫入侵的抵抗力，我们几乎一无所知。在这里，我们分析了一个独特的库存本地和非本地Scolytinae/Platypodinae（树皮和ambrosia甲虫）横跨美国。我们评估了每50 × 50 km细胞内本地和非本地物种数量地理变异的相关关系。研究发现，本地树木的多样性对本地甲虫物种的丰富度有正向影响，而非本地宿主的丰富度促进了非本地甲虫物种的丰富度。我们还观察到，本地甲虫多样性对非本地Scolytinae/Platypodinae物种丰富度的影响要么是缺乏的，要么是积极的。这些结果表明植物和昆虫在本地和非本地物种相互作用的方式上存在根本差异；虽然种间竞争对植物入侵有很强的影响，但对昆虫来说似乎不那么重要。结果表明，生物抗性假说不能解释树皮甲虫和凤仙花甲虫的入侵模式。

{"title":"Does biotic resistance govern forest invasions by bark and ambrosia beetles?","authors":"Jiří Trombik, Soňa Šenfeldová, Samuel F. Ward, Thomas H. Atkinson, Andrew M. Liebhold","doi":"10.1002/ecog.08164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.08164","url":null,"abstract":"The theory of biotic resistance states that community diversity promotes resistance to biological invasions. This theory has been widely explored for its ability to explain variation in habitat invasibility to non‐native plant species and while the theory holds in some systems, it does not in others. In the case of invasions by herbivorous insects, invasibility could be affected by diversity of plants and/or by diversity of native insects. While only a few studies have explored biotic resistance to insect invasions, limited evidence suggests that plant diversity can actually have a positive effect on invasibility via creation of niches for herbivorous insects though other studies of insect systems indicate that plant diversity has a negative effect on invasibility by diluting the density of hosts. Almost nothing is known about how native insect diversity affects resistance to invasions by other insects. Here we analyzed a unique inventory of native and non‐native Scolytinae/Platypodinae (bark and ambrosia beetles) across the conterminous USA. We assessed the correlates of geographical variation in numbers of both native and non‐native species per 50 × 50 km cell. We find that native tree diversity generally has positive effects on the richness of native beetle species, while the abundance of non‐native hosts promotes richness of non‐native beetles. We also observed that the effect of native beetle diversity on non‐native Scolytinae/Platypodinae species richness is either lacking or positive. These results indicate fundamental differences between plants and insects in the way native and non‐native species interact; while interspecific competition can exert a strong influence on plant invasions, it appears less important for insects. Results thus indicate that the biotic resistance hypothesis does not explain invasion patterns of bark and ambrosia beetles.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Co‐dominant species fail to compensate after 13‐year of dominant species removal in a Tibetan alpine grassland 青藏高原高寒草地优势种消失13年后，共优势种无法补偿

IF 5.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Ecography

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1002/ecog.08319

Wenyu Li, Qu‐zong Ci‐ren, Xianzhou Zhang, Shiping Wang, Yangjian Zhang, Xine Li, Yunlong He, Ge Hou, Rina Wendu, Wenchao Wu, Dorji Tsechoe, Lin Jiang, Josep Peñuelas, Yann Hautier, Juntao Zhu

To better understand the dynamics of community resilience, it is crucial to examine the role of dominant species in maintaining ecosystem functions. Dominant species, due to their high abundance, are considered to maintain productivity after species loss. However, it remains unclear whether the community productivity can be maintained or restored by the remaining co‐dominant species after the loss of the dominant species. Therefore, we hypothesized that after the loss of dominant species, the lost productivity would be maintained by the co‐dominant species in the remaining community. This study, conducted over 13 years in an alpine grassland, investigates the compensatory responses of remaining species following the removal of each of two dominant species, Kobresia pygmaea (sedge) and Stipa purpurea (grass), both individually and in combination, under two nitrogen level scenarios. We found that while partial compensation (compensation index < 1) occurred in the remaining community, neither of the remaining dominant species effectively compensated for the loss of the removed species. Leguminous plants showed the most obvious positive response to the removal of dominant species, whereas forbs and sedges showed the most marked negative responses. In addition, fertilization does not promote the recovery of community productivity following removal of the dominant species. Our findings underscore the critical role of dominant species in sustaining productivity. In the face of the accelerating crisis of biodiversity extinction, priority should be given to protecting the dominant species and key functional groups in the region.

为了更好地理解群落恢复力的动态，研究优势物种在维持生态系统功能中的作用至关重要。优势种，由于其高丰度，被认为在物种消失后保持生产力。然而，目前尚不清楚的是，在优势种丧失后，剩余的共优势种能否维持或恢复群落的生产力。因此，我们假设优势种丧失后，剩余群落的共优势种将维持失去的生产力。本研究在高寒草原进行了13年的研究，研究了在两种氮水平情景下，去除两种优势种——小草（Kobresia pygmaea）和紫花针茅（Stipa purpurea）后，剩余物种的补偿反应。研究发现，虽然剩余群落存在部分补偿（补偿指数<； 1），但剩余优势种均不能有效补偿被移种的损失。豆科植物对优势种的正向响应最为明显，而草本植物和莎草类植物对优势种的负向响应最为显著。此外，在优势种消失后，施肥并不能促进群落生产力的恢复。我们的发现强调了优势物种在维持生产力方面的关键作用。面对日益加剧的生物多样性灭绝危机，应优先保护区内优势物种和关键功能群。

{"title":"Co‐dominant species fail to compensate after 13‐year of dominant species removal in a Tibetan alpine grassland","authors":"Wenyu Li, Qu‐zong Ci‐ren, Xianzhou Zhang, Shiping Wang, Yangjian Zhang, Xine Li, Yunlong He, Ge Hou, Rina Wendu, Wenchao Wu, Dorji Tsechoe, Lin Jiang, Josep Peñuelas, Yann Hautier, Juntao Zhu","doi":"10.1002/ecog.08319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.08319","url":null,"abstract":"To better understand the dynamics of community resilience, it is crucial to examine the role of dominant species in maintaining ecosystem functions. Dominant species, due to their high abundance, are considered to maintain productivity after species loss. However, it remains unclear whether the community productivity can be maintained or restored by the remaining co‐dominant species after the loss of the dominant species. Therefore, we hypothesized that after the loss of dominant species, the lost productivity would be maintained by the co‐dominant species in the remaining community. This study, conducted over 13 years in an alpine grassland, investigates the compensatory responses of remaining species following the removal of each of two dominant species, Kobresia pygmaea (sedge) and Stipa purpurea (grass), both individually and in combination, under two nitrogen level scenarios. We found that while partial compensation (compensation index < 1) occurred in the remaining community, neither of the remaining dominant species effectively compensated for the loss of the removed species. Leguminous plants showed the most obvious positive response to the removal of dominant species, whereas forbs and sedges showed the most marked negative responses. In addition, fertilization does not promote the recovery of community productivity following removal of the dominant species. Our findings underscore the critical role of dominant species in sustaining productivity. In the face of the accelerating crisis of biodiversity extinction, priority should be given to protecting the dominant species and key functional groups in the region.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"213 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flexible methods for species distribution modeling with small samples 小样本物种分布建模的灵活方法

IF 5.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Ecography

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1002/ecog.08112

Brian S. Maitner, Robert L. Richards, Ben S. Carlson, John M. Drake, Cory Merow

Species distribution models (SDMs) predict where species live or could potentially live and are a key resource for ecological research and conservation decision‐making. However, current SDM methods often perform poorly for rare or inadequately sampled species, which include most species on earth, as well as most of those of the greatest conservation concern. Here, we evaluated the performance of three modeling approaches designed for data‐deficient situations: plug‐and‐play modeling, density‐ratio modeling, and environmental‐range modeling. We compared the performance of algorithms within these approaches with the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model, a widely used density‐ratio algorithm, both for data‐poor species and more generally. We also tested to what extent model cross‐validation performance on training data predicts model performance on independent, presence–absence data. We found that no algorithm performed best in all situations. Across all species, MaxEnt performed best on average but was outperformed by one or more of the plug‐and‐play, density‐ratio, or environmental‐range algorithms in 72% of cases. Six of the other algorithms had the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) distributions not significantly different from MaxEnt's, and for data‐poor species (those with 20 or fewer occurrences), 24 of the algorithms considered had AUC distributions not significantly different from MaxEnt's. However, we found that the algorithm outputs (when thresholded to predict presence vs absence) spanned a wide sensitivity–specificity gradient. Specificity and prediction accuracy assessed on training data were strongly correlated with specificity and prediction accuracy assessed on independent presence–absence data. However, AUC and sensitivity were weakly correlated in training versus testing sets, with only 22% of species having the same model perform best when evaluated on training and independent, presence absence data. Finally, we show how ensembles of algorithms that span the sensitivity–specificity gradient can represent model disagreement in poorly sampled species and improve model predictions.

物种分布模型（SDMs）可以预测物种生活或潜在生活的地方，是生态研究和保护决策的关键资源。然而，目前的SDM方法通常对稀有或采样不足的物种表现不佳，这些物种包括地球上的大多数物种，以及大多数最受保护的物种。在这里，我们评估了针对数据缺乏情况设计的三种建模方法的性能：即插即用建模、密度-比率建模和环境-范围建模。我们将这些方法中的算法性能与最大熵（MaxEnt）模型进行了比较，MaxEnt模型是一种广泛使用的密度比算法，既适用于数据贫乏的物种，也适用于更一般的物种。我们还测试了模型在训练数据上的交叉验证性能在多大程度上预测了模型在独立、存在-不存在数据上的性能。我们发现没有算法在所有情况下都表现最好。在所有物种中，MaxEnt的平均表现最好，但在72%的情况下，MaxEnt的表现被一种或多种即插即用、密度比或环境范围算法超越。其他6种算法的接受者工作特征曲线（AUC）分布下的面积与MaxEnt的分布没有显著差异，对于数据不足的物种（出现次数不超过20次），考虑的24种算法的AUC分布与MaxEnt的分布没有显著差异。然而，我们发现算法输出（当阈值预测存在与不存在时）跨越了广泛的敏感性-特异性梯度。训练数据评估的特异性和预测准确性与独立存在-缺失数据评估的特异性和预测准确性强相关。然而，在训练集和测试集中，AUC和灵敏度呈弱相关，只有22%的物种具有相同的模型，当在训练集和独立的存在缺失数据上进行评估时表现最佳。最后，我们展示了跨越敏感性-特异性梯度的算法集合如何在样本不足的物种中表示模型分歧并改进模型预测。

{"title":"Flexible methods for species distribution modeling with small samples","authors":"Brian S. Maitner, Robert L. Richards, Ben S. Carlson, John M. Drake, Cory Merow","doi":"10.1002/ecog.08112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.08112","url":null,"abstract":"Species distribution models (SDMs) predict where species live or could potentially live and are a key resource for ecological research and conservation decision‐making. However, current SDM methods often perform poorly for rare or inadequately sampled species, which include most species on earth, as well as most of those of the greatest conservation concern. Here, we evaluated the performance of three modeling approaches designed for data‐deficient situations: plug‐and‐play modeling, density‐ratio modeling, and environmental‐range modeling. We compared the performance of algorithms within these approaches with the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model, a widely used density‐ratio algorithm, both for data‐poor species and more generally. We also tested to what extent model cross‐validation performance on training data predicts model performance on independent, presence–absence data. We found that no algorithm performed best in all situations. Across all species, MaxEnt performed best on average but was outperformed by one or more of the plug‐and‐play, density‐ratio, or environmental‐range algorithms in 72% of cases. Six of the other algorithms had the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) distributions not significantly different from MaxEnt's, and for data‐poor species (those with 20 or fewer occurrences), 24 of the algorithms considered had AUC distributions not significantly different from MaxEnt's. However, we found that the algorithm outputs (when thresholded to predict presence vs absence) spanned a wide sensitivity–specificity gradient. Specificity and prediction accuracy assessed on training data were strongly correlated with specificity and prediction accuracy assessed on independent presence–absence data. However, AUC and sensitivity were weakly correlated in training versus testing sets, with only 22% of species having the same model perform best when evaluated on training and independent, presence absence data. Finally, we show how ensembles of algorithms that span the sensitivity–specificity gradient can represent model disagreement in poorly sampled species and improve model predictions.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How much species' biodiversity could area targets protect globally? 区域目标能在全球范围内保护多少物种的生物多样性？

IF 5.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Ecography

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1002/ecog.08130

Qianshuo Zhao, Mark John Costello

Protection targets for addressing biodiversity loss include protecting at least 30% of the land and ocean in ecologically representative areas, but do not specify how many or what proportion of species should be protected from extinction. Here, a systematic analysis of 77 880 marine, freshwater and terrestrial species indicates that all species could be protected in 50% of the planet; 69% in 30%; and 58% in 10%. These percentages only apply if the optimal areas for these species are protected. Thus, the ‘at least 30% by 2030' international target cannot protect more than about two‐thirds of all species even in these optimal places, but 50% could. However, over 80% of the species most endangered by extinction could be protected in 10% of the area. Furthermore, 39% of the optimal areas are in places with minimal human impact. Thus, focusing on these optimal places, in a network of protected areas selected to collectively include as many species as possible, would be a better target for conservation than a simple indicator of area protected.

应对生物多样性丧失的保护目标包括在生态代表性地区保护至少30%的陆地和海洋，但没有具体说明应该保护多少或多大比例的物种免于灭绝。在这里，对77880种海洋、淡水和陆地物种的系统分析表明，地球上50%的物种都可以得到保护；30%中的69%；10%中的58%。这些百分比只有在这些物种的最佳生存区域受到保护的情况下才适用。因此，即使在这些最理想的地方，“到2030年至少30%”的国际目标也不能保护所有物种的三分之二以上，但可以保护50%。然而，超过80%的濒危物种可以在10%的地区得到保护。此外，39%的最佳区域位于人类影响最小的地方。因此，把重点放在这些最佳地点，在一个保护区网络中选择尽可能多的物种，将是一个更好的保护目标，而不是一个简单的保护面积指标。

引用次数: 0

Quantifying the unrecorded loss of avian phylogenetic diversity 对未记录的鸟类系统发育多样性损失进行量化

IF 5.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Ecography

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1002/ecog.08267

Søren Faurby, T. J. Matthews, K. A. Triantis, F. Sayol

Humans have drastically reduced avian diversity, with the majority of extinctions occurring on islands. Previous studies have quantified various aspects of this decline, including both taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity loss due to recorded extinctions. Other studies have estimated that unrecorded island bird extinctions – those that left no known fossil evidence – may represent hundreds of additional losses. However, these analyses have only focused on species diversity. In this paper, we bridge these two research efforts by estimating the phylogenetic diversity lost due to unrecorded island bird extinctions. Our findings suggest that the loss of phylogenetic diversity may be substantially smaller than expected, given the number of extinctions. Our results suggest that while unrecorded extinctions probably represented around 60% of all species extinctions, the majority of the phylogenetic diversity loss was likely caused by the recorded extinctions. The reason for this is that while extant island endemics are on average slightly more phylogenetically distinct than expected by chance, a disproportionate number of unrecorded extinctions are predicted to have been from islands in the eastern Pacific. Extant birds from this region generally have lower phylogenetic distinctiveness than other birds and the extinct species therefore likely did as well.

人类极大地减少了鸟类的多样性，大多数灭绝发生在岛屿上。以前的研究已经量化了这种下降的各个方面，包括由于有记录的灭绝而导致的分类和系统发育多样性的丧失。其他研究估计，未记录的岛屿鸟类灭绝——那些没有留下已知化石证据的鸟类——可能代表着数百种额外的损失。然而，这些分析只关注物种多样性。在本文中，我们通过估计由于未记录的岛屿鸟类灭绝而失去的系统发育多样性来连接这两个研究工作。我们的研究结果表明，考虑到物种灭绝的数量，系统发育多样性的损失可能比预期的要小得多。我们的研究结果表明，虽然未记录的物种灭绝可能占所有物种灭绝的60%左右，但大部分系统发育多样性的丧失可能是由记录的物种灭绝造成的。其原因是，虽然现存的岛屿特有物种在系统发育上的平均差异略高于偶然预期，但据预测，不成比例的未记录灭绝事件发生在东太平洋岛屿上。与其他鸟类相比，该地区现存的鸟类通常具有较低的系统发育独特性，因此灭绝的物种也可能如此。

{"title":"Quantifying the unrecorded loss of avian phylogenetic diversity","authors":"Søren Faurby, T. J. Matthews, K. A. Triantis, F. Sayol","doi":"10.1002/ecog.08267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.08267","url":null,"abstract":"Humans have drastically reduced avian diversity, with the majority of extinctions occurring on islands. Previous studies have quantified various aspects of this decline, including both taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity loss due to recorded extinctions. Other studies have estimated that unrecorded island bird extinctions – those that left no known fossil evidence – may represent hundreds of additional losses. However, these analyses have only focused on species diversity. In this paper, we bridge these two research efforts by estimating the phylogenetic diversity lost due to unrecorded island bird extinctions. Our findings suggest that the loss of phylogenetic diversity may be substantially smaller than expected, given the number of extinctions. Our results suggest that while unrecorded extinctions probably represented around 60% of all species extinctions, the majority of the phylogenetic diversity loss was likely caused by the recorded extinctions. The reason for this is that while extant island endemics are on average slightly more phylogenetically distinct than expected by chance, a disproportionate number of unrecorded extinctions are predicted to have been from islands in the eastern Pacific. Extant birds from this region generally have lower phylogenetic distinctiveness than other birds and the extinct species therefore likely did as well.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enemy release: loss of parasites in invasive freshwater bivalves Sinanodonta woodiana and Corbicula fluminea 敌人的释放：入侵的淡水双壳类木蛙和河狸的寄生虫损失

IF 5.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Ecography

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1002/ecog.07847

Binglin Deng, Nicoletta Riccardi, Pin Nie, Maria Urbańska, Timo J. Marjomäki, Wojciech Andrzejewski, Małgorzata Ożgo, Keiko Nakamura, Jouni Taskinen

Invasive freshwater bivalves harm native species, ecosystems and biodiversity, and incur economic costs. The enemy release hypothesis posits that invasive species are released from enemies during the invasion process, giving them a competitive advantage in the new environment. We compared parasitism in two invasive freshwater bivalves, Sinanodonta woodiana and Corbicula fluminea between their original range (China) and invaded range (Europe). For S. woodiana , the average sample‐size‐standardized population‐specific parasite taxon richness was 2.1 times as high, and sum of prevalence was 3.0 times as high in the native range (3 populations, 81 individuals studied) as in the invaded range (6 populations, 210 individuals studied). For C. fluminea , the average standardized population‐specific parasite taxon richness was 1.3 and sum of prevalences was 27.5 in the native range (4 populations, 749 individuals studied), whereas all European C. fluminea were free of parasites (7 populations, 418 individuals studied). The results demonstrate loss of parasites as a result of invasion. Previous studies have shown that parasite pressure on S. woodiana and C. fluminea in the invaded range in Europe is, on average, lower than on sympatric native freshwater mussel populations. Together, these results support one aspect of the enemy release hypothesis: invasive bivalves experience reduced parasite loads as a result of invasion, which may contribute to their success, given the costs typically imposed by parasitism.

入侵的淡水双壳类损害本地物种、生态系统和生物多样性，并造成经济损失。敌人释放假说认为，入侵物种在入侵过程中从敌人手中被释放出来，使它们在新环境中具有竞争优势。本文比较了两种入侵淡水双壳类（Sinanodonta woodiana和Corbicula fluinea）在原居地（中国）和入侵地（欧洲）的寄生情况。在原生区（3个种群，81个个体）和入侵区（6个种群，210个个体）中，平均样本量-标准化种群-特定寄生虫分类丰富度是前者的2.1倍，流行率总和是后者的3.0倍。在原生地（4个种群，749个研究个体），氟蝇的标准化种群特异性寄生虫分类丰富度平均为1.3，流行率总和为27.5，而所有欧洲氟蝇（7个种群，418个研究个体）均无寄生虫。结果表明，由于入侵导致了寄生虫的损失。先前的研究表明，在欧洲的入侵范围内，寄生虫对s.w adania和c.f uminea的压力平均低于同域的本地淡水贻贝种群。总之，这些结果支持了敌人释放假说的一个方面：由于入侵，入侵双壳类动物的寄生虫负荷减少，考虑到寄生通常带来的成本，这可能有助于它们的成功。

{"title":"Enemy release: loss of parasites in invasive freshwater bivalves Sinanodonta woodiana and Corbicula fluminea","authors":"Binglin Deng, Nicoletta Riccardi, Pin Nie, Maria Urbańska, Timo J. Marjomäki, Wojciech Andrzejewski, Małgorzata Ożgo, Keiko Nakamura, Jouni Taskinen","doi":"10.1002/ecog.07847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.07847","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive freshwater bivalves harm native species, ecosystems and biodiversity, and incur economic costs. The enemy release hypothesis posits that invasive species are released from enemies during the invasion process, giving them a competitive advantage in the new environment. We compared parasitism in two invasive freshwater bivalves, Sinanodonta woodiana and Corbicula fluminea between their original range (China) and invaded range (Europe). For S. woodiana , the average sample‐size‐standardized population‐specific parasite taxon richness was 2.1 times as high, and sum of prevalence was 3.0 times as high in the native range (3 populations, 81 individuals studied) as in the invaded range (6 populations, 210 individuals studied). For C. fluminea , the average standardized population‐specific parasite taxon richness was 1.3 and sum of prevalences was 27.5 in the native range (4 populations, 749 individuals studied), whereas all European C. fluminea were free of parasites (7 populations, 418 individuals studied). The results demonstrate loss of parasites as a result of invasion. Previous studies have shown that parasite pressure on S. woodiana and C. fluminea in the invaded range in Europe is, on average, lower than on sympatric native freshwater mussel populations. Together, these results support one aspect of the enemy release hypothesis: invasive bivalves experience reduced parasite loads as a result of invasion, which may contribute to their success, given the costs typically imposed by parasitism.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145770706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Succession stages-dependent shifts in grassland community stability from asynchrony to population stability mediated by nitrogen enrichment 氮富集介导的草地群落稳定性从非同步向种群稳定的演替阶段依赖性转变

IF 5.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Ecography

Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1002/ecog.08361

Hanghang Tuo, Hossein Ghanizadeh, Ziming Yin, Xiaorui Ma, Xiaorong Wei, Mengru Yang, Zhanwen Feng, Xinning Han, Zilin Wang, Yibo Wang, Huihui Tian, Faming Ye, Qing Yang, Zhongling Yang, Wei Li

Understanding the stability dynamics of naturally occurring grassland succession under nutrient enrichment is crucial for effective ecosystem management. We carried out an 11-year field experiment to examine how grassland community stability responds to nitrogen (N) enrichment across the three successional stages (early-, mid- and late-successional stages). Our results showed that stability did not increase linearly over time; instead, natural successional grasslands became less stable in later stages due to a loss of species diversity. However, N enrichment helped slow this decline by strengthening population stability. We also found that in the early successional stage, species asynchrony driven by compensatory effects supports community stability, while in the mid- and late-successional stages, it is maintained by the conservative growth strategies of dominant species. These results highlight the importance of stage-specific nitrogen management, where reducing inputs during early stages maintains diversity-driven asynchrony, and moderate applications in later stages promote population stability.

了解养分富集条件下天然草地演替的稳定性动态对有效的生态系统管理至关重要。通过为期11年的野外试验，研究了不同演替阶段（演替前期、中期和后期）草地群落稳定性对氮素富集的响应。我们的结果表明，稳定性并没有随着时间的推移而线性增加；相反，由于物种多样性的丧失，自然演替草地在后期变得不那么稳定。然而，氮富集通过加强种群稳定性帮助减缓了这种下降。在演替早期，补偿效应驱动的物种不同步支持群落稳定，而在演替中后期，优势种的保守生长策略维持群落稳定。这些结果强调了阶段性氮素管理的重要性，在早期减少氮素投入可以保持多样性驱动的不同步，而在后期适度施用氮素可以促进种群稳定。

{"title":"Succession stages-dependent shifts in grassland community stability from asynchrony to population stability mediated by nitrogen enrichment","authors":"Hanghang Tuo, Hossein Ghanizadeh, Ziming Yin, Xiaorui Ma, Xiaorong Wei, Mengru Yang, Zhanwen Feng, Xinning Han, Zilin Wang, Yibo Wang, Huihui Tian, Faming Ye, Qing Yang, Zhongling Yang, Wei Li","doi":"10.1002/ecog.08361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.08361","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the stability dynamics of naturally occurring grassland succession under nutrient enrichment is crucial for effective ecosystem management. We carried out an 11-year field experiment to examine how grassland community stability responds to nitrogen (N) enrichment across the three successional stages (early-, mid- and late-successional stages). Our results showed that stability did not increase linearly over time; instead, natural successional grasslands became less stable in later stages due to a loss of species diversity. However, N enrichment helped slow this decline by strengthening population stability. We also found that in the early successional stage, species asynchrony driven by compensatory effects supports community stability, while in the mid- and late-successional stages, it is maintained by the conservative growth strategies of dominant species. These results highlight the importance of stage-specific nitrogen management, where reducing inputs during early stages maintains diversity-driven asynchrony, and moderate applications in later stages promote population stability.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145753149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developing a macroecology for human‐altered ecosystems 为人类改变的生态系统发展宏观生态学

IF 5.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Ecography

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1002/ecog.07429

Erica A. Newman, Mark Q. Wilber, Alexandre Génin, Oriana E. Chafe, Henry F. Houskeeper, Steven Lee, Eric L. Berlow, John Harte

Although anthropogenically‐induced ecological disruptions are fundamentally important in defining ecosystem properties, they are largely overlooked by macroecological theory. Anthropogenic disruptions and their effects are generally not comparable to one another, nor to disturbances that are part of natural disturbance regimes. To address this gap, we consider distributions of species diversity, abundance, and spatial clustering in carefully matched paired sites: sites anthropogenically exposed to ‘pack stock use' (intensive spot foraging by non‐native horses and mules), and control sites with no modern history of pack stock use. We examine ecological disruption in plant communities in 18 field plots arranged over two moisture levels, arrayed within 6 paired meadows in the high Sierra Nevada, in California, USA. Multiple hypotheses, including predictions from the maximum entropy theory of ecology (METE), were evaluated against plot‐level data. METE, an information‐theoretic framework of interrelated macroecological predictions, has demonstrated broad applicability across a variety of ecosystems and taxa, but has failed in systems with natural disturbance and ecological succession. We find that the shape of the species abundance distributions in plots are not by themselves good discriminants of anthropogenic disruption, and all models tested overestimate the number of ‘rare' species (those with ≤ 10 individuals). A measure of by‐species spatial clustering from METE fits empirical patterns from anthropogenically disrupted and control sites better than other models. Ultimately, arrays of small‐scale macroecological scaling plots in field studies might provide a way to capture landscape heterogeneity across altered landscapes, and be used to assess how mathematically interrelated biodiversity distributions change together under various stressors, both natural and anthropogenic in origin. Though more testing is needed to make generally applicable statements for human‐altered systems, we find that the METE predictions are robust to the level of anthropogenic disruption at these sites, and patterns from disrupted sites do not resemble patterns from natural disturbances.

虽然人为引起的生态破坏在定义生态系统特性方面至关重要，但它们在很大程度上被宏观生态学理论所忽视。人为干扰及其影响通常不能相互比较，也不能与作为自然干扰制度一部分的干扰相比。为了解决这一差距，我们考虑了物种多样性、丰度和空间聚类在精心匹配的成对地点的分布：人为暴露于“种群利用”（非本地马和骡子的密集现场觅食）的地点，以及没有现代种群利用历史的对照地点。我们研究了美国加利福尼亚州内华达山脉6对草甸中18个不同湿度的样地的植物群落生态破坏情况。多个假设，包括来自生态最大熵理论（METE）的预测，根据地块水平的数据进行了评估。METE是一种相互关联的宏观生态预测的信息理论框架，在各种生态系统和分类群中具有广泛的适用性，但在具有自然干扰和生态演替的系统中表现不佳。我们发现样地物种丰度分布的形状本身并不能很好地区分人为破坏，并且所有测试的模型都高估了“稀有”物种（≤10个个体的物种）的数量。与其他模型相比，METE对物种空间聚类的测量更符合来自人为干扰和控制地点的经验模式。最终，在野外研究中，小尺度宏观生态标度图阵列可能提供一种方法来捕捉改变景观的景观异质性，并用于评估数学上相互关联的生物多样性分布如何在各种压力（自然和人为来源）下共同变化。虽然需要更多的测试来对人类改变的系统做出普遍适用的陈述，但我们发现，METE预测在这些地点的人为破坏水平上是稳健的，并且来自被破坏地点的模式与自然干扰的模式不同。

{"title":"Developing a macroecology for human‐altered ecosystems","authors":"Erica A. Newman, Mark Q. Wilber, Alexandre Génin, Oriana E. Chafe, Henry F. Houskeeper, Steven Lee, Eric L. Berlow, John Harte","doi":"10.1002/ecog.07429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.07429","url":null,"abstract":"Although anthropogenically‐induced ecological disruptions are fundamentally important in defining ecosystem properties, they are largely overlooked by macroecological theory. Anthropogenic disruptions and their effects are generally not comparable to one another, nor to disturbances that are part of natural disturbance regimes. To address this gap, we consider distributions of species diversity, abundance, and spatial clustering in carefully matched paired sites: sites anthropogenically exposed to ‘pack stock use' (intensive spot foraging by non‐native horses and mules), and control sites with no modern history of pack stock use. We examine ecological disruption in plant communities in 18 field plots arranged over two moisture levels, arrayed within 6 paired meadows in the high Sierra Nevada, in California, USA. Multiple hypotheses, including predictions from the maximum entropy theory of ecology (METE), were evaluated against plot‐level data. METE, an information‐theoretic framework of interrelated macroecological predictions, has demonstrated broad applicability across a variety of ecosystems and taxa, but has failed in systems with natural disturbance and ecological succession. We find that the shape of the species abundance distributions in plots are not by themselves good discriminants of anthropogenic disruption, and all models tested overestimate the number of ‘rare' species (those with ≤ 10 individuals). A measure of by‐species spatial clustering from METE fits empirical patterns from anthropogenically disrupted and control sites better than other models. Ultimately, arrays of small‐scale macroecological scaling plots in field studies might provide a way to capture landscape heterogeneity across altered landscapes, and be used to assess how mathematically interrelated biodiversity distributions change together under various stressors, both natural and anthropogenic in origin. Though more testing is needed to make generally applicable statements for human‐altered systems, we find that the METE predictions are robust to the level of anthropogenic disruption at these sites, and patterns from disrupted sites do not resemble patterns from natural disturbances.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How the small host the small: cryptogam trait-mediated structuring of Antarctic microarthropod communities 小宿主如何影响南极小隐体性状介导的小节肢动物群落结构

IF 4.7 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Ecography

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1002/ecog.08175

Ingeborg J. Klarenberg, Rong Liu, Peter Convey, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Stef Bokhorst

Primary producers shape terrestrial biodiversity, but most research has focused on vascular plants, while the role of cryptogams (mosses, lichens and algae) remains under-explored. Cryptogams dominate Antarctic vegetation and support diverse microarthropod communities. However, how cryptogam traits influence these communities remains poorly understood. We therefore investigated the role of 28 cryptogam species and one vascular plant, via their functional traits, in shaping microarthropod communities across three contrasting sites (Signy Island, Byers Peninsula and Rothera) in the maritime Antarctic. We hypothesized that vegetation nitrogen and moisture content, major microarthropod taxa, and abiotic drivers interact to influence community patterns.

Vegetation type effects on total microarthropod abundance were context-dependent. Mosses hosted more microarthropods than lichens at Signy Island, but these differences diminished further south. Microarthropod richness and springtail abundance were consistently higher in mosses than lichens across all sites, whereas mite abundance did not differ between vegetation types.

Cryptogam nitrogen and moisture content strongly predicted microarthropod community patterns, although their influence varied with vegetation type and location. Among mosses, moisture increased springtail abundance but reduced diversity due to the dominance of Cryptopygus antarcticus. In lichens, nitrogen had a stronger influence than in mosses, particularly on mite abundance and Shannon diversity. As hypothesized, moisture was more important at the harshest southern site, while nitrogen had stronger effects at more productive northern locations.

These findings emphasize that the influence of cryptogam traits in structuring Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity is modulated by the environmental context. With future shifts predicted in vegetation composition, the functional traits of emerging dominant species may restructure microarthropod communities and their ecological functions.

初级生产者塑造了陆地生物多样性，但大多数研究都集中在维管植物上，而隐植物（苔藓、地衣和藻类）的作用仍未得到充分探索。隐藻在南极植被中占主导地位，并支持多种微节肢动物群落。然而，cryptogam特征如何影响这些社区仍然知之甚少。因此，我们研究了28种隐藓类植物和1种维管植物的功能特征在形成南极海洋三个不同地点（Signy岛、Byers半岛和Rothera）的微节肢动物群落中的作用。我们假设植被氮和水分含量、主要微节肢动物类群和非生物驱动因素相互作用影响群落格局。

{"title":"How the small host the small: cryptogam trait-mediated structuring of Antarctic microarthropod communities","authors":"Ingeborg J. Klarenberg, Rong Liu, Peter Convey, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Stef Bokhorst","doi":"10.1002/ecog.08175","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecog.08175","url":null,"abstract":"Primary producers shape terrestrial biodiversity, but most research has focused on vascular plants, while the role of cryptogams (mosses, lichens and algae) remains under-explored. Cryptogams dominate Antarctic vegetation and support diverse microarthropod communities. However, how cryptogam traits influence these communities remains poorly understood. We therefore investigated the role of 28 cryptogam species and one vascular plant, via their functional traits, in shaping microarthropod communities across three contrasting sites (Signy Island, Byers Peninsula and Rothera) in the maritime Antarctic. We hypothesized that vegetation nitrogen and moisture content, major microarthropod taxa, and abiotic drivers interact to influence community patterns.Vegetation type effects on total microarthropod abundance were context-dependent. Mosses hosted more microarthropods than lichens at Signy Island, but these differences diminished further south. Microarthropod richness and springtail abundance were consistently higher in mosses than lichens across all sites, whereas mite abundance did not differ between vegetation types.Cryptogam nitrogen and moisture content strongly predicted microarthropod community patterns, although their influence varied with vegetation type and location. Among mosses, moisture increased springtail abundance but reduced diversity due to the dominance of Cryptopygus antarcticus. In lichens, nitrogen had a stronger influence than in mosses, particularly on mite abundance and Shannon diversity. As hypothesized, moisture was more important at the harshest southern site, while nitrogen had stronger effects at more productive northern locations.These findings emphasize that the influence of cryptogam traits in structuring Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity is modulated by the environmental context. With future shifts predicted in vegetation composition, the functional traits of emerging dominant species may restructure microarthropod communities and their ecological functions.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://nsojournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecog.08175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145728736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The stability of microbial community enhanced in the rhizosphere of Phragmites australis at the regional scale across typical plain and plateau in China 在中国典型平原和高原区域尺度上，芦苇根际微生物群落稳定性增强

IF 4.7 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Ecography

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1002/ecog.08303

Rujia He, Dayong Zhao, Shuren Wang, Qinglong L. Wu, Jin Zeng

Theoretical and empirical evidence indicates that biodiversity, species coexistence, and community stability are interconnected; however, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain poorly understood, particularly in aquatic ecosystems mediated by macrophytes. Here, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of microbial communities in bulk and Phragmites australis rhizosphere across 26 lake littoral zones of typical plain and plateau in China, and evaluated the microbial stability based on the community mean tolerance breadth, community mean response asynchrony, and network stability. We found the rhizosphere significantly enhanced bacterial and fungal richness, community mean tolerance breadth, and niche breadth compared to bulk. This enhancement was primarily driven by an overall increase in species richness, rather than by selectively promoting generalists or specialists. Rhizosphere microbial members displayed increased niche overlap and species competition, along with enhanced network complexity and stability, both within and between bacterial and fungal communities. Structural equation modeling indicated that fungal taxa exhibited a competitive advantage over bacterial members in maintaining community stability within the rhizosphere. Therefore, our study demonstrates that the rhizosphere enhances microbial community stability primarily by expanding overall species richness and intensifying competitive interactions. These findings advance the understanding of plant-mediated microbiome stabilization and have significant implications for predicting ecosystem resilience in freshwater habitats under environmental change.

理论和经验证据表明，生物多样性、物种共存和群落稳定性是相互关联的；然而，这些关联背后的机制仍然知之甚少，特别是在由大型植物介导的水生生态系统中。本文对中国26个典型平原区和高原湖滨带芦苇根际微生物群落进行了全面调查，并从群落平均容忍宽度、群落平均响应异步性和网络稳定性三个方面对芦苇根际微生物群落稳定性进行了评价。我们发现根际细菌和真菌丰富度、群落平均耐受宽度和生态位宽度显著提高。这种增强主要是由于物种丰富度的整体增加，而不是选择性地促进通才或专才。根际微生物表现出生态位重叠和物种竞争增加，以及细菌和真菌群落内部和之间网络的复杂性和稳定性增强。结构方程模型表明，真菌类群在维持根际内群落稳定性方面比细菌类群表现出竞争优势。因此，我们的研究表明，根际微生物群落的稳定性主要是通过扩大总体物种丰富度和加强竞争相互作用来增强的。这些发现促进了对植物介导的微生物组稳定的理解，并对预测环境变化下淡水生境的生态系统恢复力具有重要意义。

{"title":"The stability of microbial community enhanced in the rhizosphere of Phragmites australis at the regional scale across typical plain and plateau in China","authors":"Rujia He, Dayong Zhao, Shuren Wang, Qinglong L. Wu, Jin Zeng","doi":"10.1002/ecog.08303","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecog.08303","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical and empirical evidence indicates that biodiversity, species coexistence, and community stability are interconnected; however, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain poorly understood, particularly in aquatic ecosystems mediated by macrophytes. Here, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of microbial communities in bulk and Phragmites australis rhizosphere across 26 lake littoral zones of typical plain and plateau in China, and evaluated the microbial stability based on the community mean tolerance breadth, community mean response asynchrony, and network stability. We found the rhizosphere significantly enhanced bacterial and fungal richness, community mean tolerance breadth, and niche breadth compared to bulk. This enhancement was primarily driven by an overall increase in species richness, rather than by selectively promoting generalists or specialists. Rhizosphere microbial members displayed increased niche overlap and species competition, along with enhanced network complexity and stability, both within and between bacterial and fungal communities. Structural equation modeling indicated that fungal taxa exhibited a competitive advantage over bacterial members in maintaining community stability within the rhizosphere. Therefore, our study demonstrates that the rhizosphere enhances microbial community stability primarily by expanding overall species richness and intensifying competitive interactions. These findings advance the understanding of plant-mediated microbiome stabilization and have significant implications for predicting ecosystem resilience in freshwater habitats under environmental change.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://nsojournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecog.08303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145711444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0