Daniel Suárez, Paula Arribas, Amrita Srivathsan, Rudolf Meier, Brent C. Emerson
The open ecosystem (e.g. grasslands, prairies, shrublands) tends to be ecologically less stable than closed one (i.e. forests) and encompassess higher spatial heterogeneity in terms of environmental diversity. Such differences are expected to differentially constrain the diversity and structure of the communities that inhabit each of them, but identifying the specific processes driving contrasting biodiversity patterns between open and closed systems is challenging. In order to understand how environmental variability might structure spider assemblages, both between and within open and closed ecosystems, we implement a high throughput multiplex barcode sequencing approach to generate a dataset for 8585 specimens representing 168 species, across the open ecosystem within the Canary Islands. Combining these with spider sequences from the closed ecosystem within the same islands, we show that spider communities in the open ecosystem show higher species richness, higher beta diversity, and higher proportions of rare species but proportionately lower numbers of endemic species than communities in the closed ecosystem. We furthermore assess if environmental heterogeneity and habitat stability are the major drivers of such differences by assessing spatial genetic structuring and the influence of bioclimatic variables. Our results point to environmental heterogeneity rather than stability as a major driver of spatial patterns between open and closed ecosystems.
{"title":"Environmental heterogeneity, rather than stability, explains spider assemblage differences between ecosystems","authors":"Daniel Suárez, Paula Arribas, Amrita Srivathsan, Rudolf Meier, Brent C. Emerson","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07454","url":null,"abstract":"The open ecosystem (e.g. grasslands, prairies, shrublands) tends to be ecologically less stable than closed one (i.e. forests) and encompassess higher spatial heterogeneity in terms of environmental diversity. Such differences are expected to differentially constrain the diversity and structure of the communities that inhabit each of them, but identifying the specific processes driving contrasting biodiversity patterns between open and closed systems is challenging. In order to understand how environmental variability might structure spider assemblages, both between and within open and closed ecosystems, we implement a high throughput multiplex barcode sequencing approach to generate a dataset for 8585 specimens representing 168 species, across the open ecosystem within the Canary Islands. Combining these with spider sequences from the closed ecosystem within the same islands, we show that spider communities in the open ecosystem show higher species richness, higher beta diversity, and higher proportions of rare species but proportionately lower numbers of endemic species than communities in the closed ecosystem. We furthermore assess if environmental heterogeneity and habitat stability are the major drivers of such differences by assessing spatial genetic structuring and the influence of bioclimatic variables. Our results point to environmental heterogeneity rather than stability as a major driver of spatial patterns between open and closed ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benoit Durieu, Valentina Savaglia, Yannick Lara, Alexandre Lambion, Igor S. Pessi, Wim Vyverman, Elie Verleyen, Annick Wilmotte
The Antarctic terrestrial macrobiota are highly endemic and biogeographically structured, but whether this also holds true for microbial groups remains poorly understood. We studied the biogeographic patterns of Antarctic cyanobacteria from benthic microbial mats sampled in 84 lakes from two sub‐Antarctic islands, as well as from eight Antarctic Conservation Biogeographic Regions (ACBRs) which were previously defined based mainly on macroscopic taxa. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that Antarctic and sub‐Antarctic lakes host significantly different cyanobacterial communities, yet that the bioregionalization pattern did not correspond to the division into ACBRs. Both Antarctic and sub‐Antarctic lakes contain a high number of potentially endemic taxa (41% of the total diversity), of which 33.3% attain a relative abundance of < 1%. Our findings highlight the uniqueness of Antarctic microbiota and the need for increased protection of inland waters in both Antarctica and the sub‐Antarctic islands.
{"title":"(Sub‐)Antarctic endemic cyanobacteria from benthic mats are rare and have restricted geographic distributions","authors":"Benoit Durieu, Valentina Savaglia, Yannick Lara, Alexandre Lambion, Igor S. Pessi, Wim Vyverman, Elie Verleyen, Annick Wilmotte","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07489","url":null,"abstract":"The Antarctic terrestrial macrobiota are highly endemic and biogeographically structured, but whether this also holds true for microbial groups remains poorly understood. We studied the biogeographic patterns of Antarctic cyanobacteria from benthic microbial mats sampled in 84 lakes from two sub‐Antarctic islands, as well as from eight Antarctic Conservation Biogeographic Regions (ACBRs) which were previously defined based mainly on macroscopic taxa. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that Antarctic and sub‐Antarctic lakes host significantly different cyanobacterial communities, yet that the bioregionalization pattern did not correspond to the division into ACBRs. Both Antarctic and sub‐Antarctic lakes contain a high number of potentially endemic taxa (41% of the total diversity), of which 33.3% attain a relative abundance of < 1%. Our findings highlight the uniqueness of Antarctic microbiota and the need for increased protection of inland waters in both Antarctica and the sub‐Antarctic islands.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In an era of ongoing biodiversity, it is critical to map biodiversity patterns in space and time for better-informing conservation and management. Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely applied in various types of such biodiversity assessments. Cross-validation represents a prevalent approach to assess the discrimination capacity of a target SDM algorithm and determine its optimal parameters. Several alternative cross-validation methods exist; however, the influence of choosing a specific cross-validation method on SDM performance and predictions remains unresolved. Here, we tested the performance of random versus spatial cross-validation methods for SDM using goatfishes (Actinopteri: Syngnathiformes: Mullidae) as a case study, which are recognized as indicator species for coastal waters. Our results showed that the random versus spatial cross-validation methods resulted in different optimal model parameterizations in 57 out of 60 modeled species. Significant difference existed in predictive performance between the random and spatial cross-validation methods, and the two cross-validation methods yielded different projected present-day spatial distribution and future projection patterns of goatfishes under climate change exposure. Despite the disparity in species distributions, both approaches consistently suggested the Indo-Australian Archipelago as the hotspot of goatfish species richness and also as the most vulnerable area to climate change. Our findings highlight that the choice of cross-validation method is an overlooked source of uncertainty in SDM studies. Meanwhile, the consistency in richness predictions highlights the usefulness of SDMs in marine conservation. These findings emphasize that we should pay special attention to the selection of cross-validation methods in SDM studies.
{"title":"Cross-validation matters in species distribution models: a case study with goatfish species","authors":"Hongwei Huang, Zhixin Zhang, Ákos Bede-Fazekas, Stefano Mammola, Jiqi Gu, Jinxin Zhou, Junmei Qu, Qiang Lin","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07354","url":null,"abstract":"In an era of ongoing biodiversity, it is critical to map biodiversity patterns in space and time for better-informing conservation and management. Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely applied in various types of such biodiversity assessments. Cross-validation represents a prevalent approach to assess the discrimination capacity of a target SDM algorithm and determine its optimal parameters. Several alternative cross-validation methods exist; however, the influence of choosing a specific cross-validation method on SDM performance and predictions remains unresolved. Here, we tested the performance of random versus spatial cross-validation methods for SDM using goatfishes (Actinopteri: Syngnathiformes: Mullidae) as a case study, which are recognized as indicator species for coastal waters. Our results showed that the random versus spatial cross-validation methods resulted in different optimal model parameterizations in 57 out of 60 modeled species. Significant difference existed in predictive performance between the random and spatial cross-validation methods, and the two cross-validation methods yielded different projected present-day spatial distribution and future projection patterns of goatfishes under climate change exposure. Despite the disparity in species distributions, both approaches consistently suggested the Indo-Australian Archipelago as the hotspot of goatfish species richness and also as the most vulnerable area to climate change. Our findings highlight that the choice of cross-validation method is an overlooked source of uncertainty in SDM studies. Meanwhile, the consistency in richness predictions highlights the usefulness of SDMs in marine conservation. These findings emphasize that we should pay special attention to the selection of cross-validation methods in SDM studies.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142235426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jakob Thyrring, Lloyd S. Peck, Mikael K. Sejr, Jan Marcin Węsławski, Christopher D. G. Harley, André Menegotto
The availability of online biodiversity data has increased in recent decades, aiding our understanding of diversity patterns and species richness–environment relationships across temporal and spatial scales. However, even the most exhaustive databases are prone to sampling biases, which create knowledge gaps in species distributions and increase uncertainty in model predictions. Regarding marine environments, intertidal zones are globally distributed and considered early warning systems for climate change impacts and species' range shifts. Owing to their relative accessibility, intertidal records should – supposedly – be less incomplete and biased compared to open-ocean and deep-sea areas. Yet, the extent and coverage of intertidal records available in global biodiversity databases remains unknown. In this study, we used a high-resolution worldwide tidal flat map to identify intertidal records of 11 563 benthic species from the OBIS (Ocean Biodiversity Information System) portal. Following a thorough data-cleaning process, we evaluated geographic patterns in observed species richness, site accessibility, sampling effort, and inventory completeness across latitudes. We demonstrate that observed species richness has mid-latitudinal peaks while the tropics accumulate species with missing records, similar to patterns described for the entire marine realm. These patterns correlate with disproportionate mid-latitude sampling efforts and poor tropical sampling coverage. Sixty-five percent of the mapped intertidal sites are located within 3 hours of a city, but sampling records remain almost absent along African Atlantic, South American Pacific, and Indo-Pacific coasts. Thus, even for the accessible and well-studied intertidal shorelines, database records are not free from geographical biases and their associated implications for biodiversity estimates. Our results highlight the need for a better data-sharing culture, and we hope to encourage initiatives promoting more and better-distributed research efforts on intertidal biodiversity, which could improve global scale detection and prediction of climate change impacts at regional and global scales.
{"title":"Shallow coverage in shallow waters: the incompleteness of intertidal species inventories in biodiversity database records","authors":"Jakob Thyrring, Lloyd S. Peck, Mikael K. Sejr, Jan Marcin Węsławski, Christopher D. G. Harley, André Menegotto","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07006","url":null,"abstract":"The availability of online biodiversity data has increased in recent decades, aiding our understanding of diversity patterns and species richness–environment relationships across temporal and spatial scales. However, even the most exhaustive databases are prone to sampling biases, which create knowledge gaps in species distributions and increase uncertainty in model predictions. Regarding marine environments, intertidal zones are globally distributed and considered early warning systems for climate change impacts and species' range shifts. Owing to their relative accessibility, intertidal records should – supposedly – be less incomplete and biased compared to open-ocean and deep-sea areas. Yet, the extent and coverage of intertidal records available in global biodiversity databases remains unknown. In this study, we used a high-resolution worldwide tidal flat map to identify intertidal records of 11 563 benthic species from the OBIS (Ocean Biodiversity Information System) portal. Following a thorough data-cleaning process, we evaluated geographic patterns in observed species richness, site accessibility, sampling effort, and inventory completeness across latitudes. We demonstrate that observed species richness has mid-latitudinal peaks while the tropics accumulate species with missing records, similar to patterns described for the entire marine realm. These patterns correlate with disproportionate mid-latitude sampling efforts and poor tropical sampling coverage. Sixty-five percent of the mapped intertidal sites are located within 3 hours of a city, but sampling records remain almost absent along African Atlantic, South American Pacific, and Indo-Pacific coasts. Thus, even for the accessible and well-studied intertidal shorelines, database records are not free from geographical biases and their associated implications for biodiversity estimates. Our results highlight the need for a better data-sharing culture, and we hope to encourage initiatives promoting more and better-distributed research efforts on intertidal biodiversity, which could improve global scale detection and prediction of climate change impacts at regional and global scales.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142166640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In migratory insects performing multigenerational migration, such as the painted lady butterfly Vanessa cardui, successive generations face a wide variety of predator communities and may be subject to different predation risks. Here, we analyze the pattern of wing damage of over 2000 butterflies to investigate, for the first time, the risk of predation of adult painted ladies across a latitudinal range of ca 3500 km extending from the northern Mediterranean through the Maghreb to sub‐Saharan West Africa. Large number of butterflies showed substantial wing damage attributable to failed attacks, with birds, mantids and lizards being the most likely predators. The risk of attack increased towards the equator, even after controlling for wing wear. In addition, there was a strong effect of butterfly size on predation risk, with larger butterflies facing a higher risk compared to their smaller counterparts, and clear evidence that females suffered more attacks than males. Although size is a major factor, latitude was a stronger predictor of predation risk across the migratory system, as evidenced by greater wing damage in butterflies at lower latitudes, even though their size notably decreased. These results raise an interesting evolutionary conflict, with a tradeoff between size and predation risk, as larger butterflies are likely to be more fecund and efficient in migratory flight but, at the same time, more vulnerable to predation.
{"title":"Predation risk in a migratory butterfly increases southward along a latitudinal gradient","authors":"Constanti Stefanescu, Clàudia Pla‐Narbona, Andreu Ubach, Crinan Jarrett, Justinn Renelies‐Hamilton, Pau Colom","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07308","url":null,"abstract":"In migratory insects performing multigenerational migration, such as the painted lady butterfly <jats:italic>Vanessa cardui</jats:italic>, successive generations face a wide variety of predator communities and may be subject to different predation risks. Here, we analyze the pattern of wing damage of over 2000 butterflies to investigate, for the first time, the risk of predation of adult painted ladies across a latitudinal range of ca 3500 km extending from the northern Mediterranean through the Maghreb to sub‐Saharan West Africa. Large number of butterflies showed substantial wing damage attributable to failed attacks, with birds, mantids and lizards being the most likely predators. The risk of attack increased towards the equator, even after controlling for wing wear. In addition, there was a strong effect of butterfly size on predation risk, with larger butterflies facing a higher risk compared to their smaller counterparts, and clear evidence that females suffered more attacks than males. Although size is a major factor, latitude was a stronger predictor of predation risk across the migratory system, as evidenced by greater wing damage in butterflies at lower latitudes, even though their size notably decreased. These results raise an interesting evolutionary conflict, with a tradeoff between size and predation risk, as larger butterflies are likely to be more fecund and efficient in migratory flight but, at the same time, more vulnerable to predation.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142170883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frederico S. Neves, Pedro Giovâni da Silva, Flávio Camarota, Cássio Alencar Nunes, Joaquín Hortal, Flávio S. de Castro, Marina Beirão, Letícia Ramos, Ricardo Solar, Geraldo Wilson Fernandes
Unraveling the spatiotemporal dynamics of communities is critical to understand how biodiversity responds to global changes. However, this task is not trivial, as these dynamics are quite complex, and most studies are limited to few taxa at small local and temporal scales. Tropical mountains are ideal indicators of biodiversity response since these endangered and complex ecosystems include many distinct habitats within small geographical areas, harboring a megadiverse fauna, especially insects. Indeed, while insects are particularly sensitive to environmental and climatic changes, the extent of the impact of climate variability on mountain tropical insect diversity remains poorly understood. Here we present time-series data from a decade of studying the spatiotemporal dynamics of ants, butterflies and dung beetles. We assessed patterns of species richness change along the elevational gradient for each taxonomic group per sampling year and cumulatively over years. We then quantified community changes over time by measuring the variation in species richness across sampling years (temporal trends in α-diversity), and the temporal variation in species composition (temporal β-diversity) evaluating species gains and losses over time. We also evaluated the variation of air temperature and humidity through meteorological stations within the sampling years. We detected a classical pattern of species richness decline with elevation, albeit with a noticeable increase in species richness variation with increasing elevation. The temporal β-diversity exhibited considerable variability across elevations, taxa, and time. Only dung beetles presented a positive relationship with humidity variation over the years. Critically, both rare and common species drove extirpations and colonizations, and we found no trend of temporal decline of insect species at local and regional scales. Our study shows that insect metacommunity responses to elevation and global changes are rather complex, and stresses the importance of long-term studies that incorporate multiple sampling periods and different groups of organisms in tropical mountains.
{"title":"Complex temporal dynamics of insect metacommunities along a tropical elevational gradient","authors":"Frederico S. Neves, Pedro Giovâni da Silva, Flávio Camarota, Cássio Alencar Nunes, Joaquín Hortal, Flávio S. de Castro, Marina Beirão, Letícia Ramos, Ricardo Solar, Geraldo Wilson Fernandes","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07455","url":null,"abstract":"Unraveling the spatiotemporal dynamics of communities is critical to understand how biodiversity responds to global changes. However, this task is not trivial, as these dynamics are quite complex, and most studies are limited to few taxa at small local and temporal scales. Tropical mountains are ideal indicators of biodiversity response since these endangered and complex ecosystems include many distinct habitats within small geographical areas, harboring a megadiverse fauna, especially insects. Indeed, while insects are particularly sensitive to environmental and climatic changes, the extent of the impact of climate variability on mountain tropical insect diversity remains poorly understood. Here we present time-series data from a decade of studying the spatiotemporal dynamics of ants, butterflies and dung beetles. We assessed patterns of species richness change along the elevational gradient for each taxonomic group per sampling year and cumulatively over years. We then quantified community changes over time by measuring the variation in species richness across sampling years (temporal trends in α-diversity), and the temporal variation in species composition (temporal β-diversity) evaluating species gains and losses over time. We also evaluated the variation of air temperature and humidity through meteorological stations within the sampling years. We detected a classical pattern of species richness decline with elevation, albeit with a noticeable increase in species richness variation with increasing elevation. The temporal β-diversity exhibited considerable variability across elevations, taxa, and time. Only dung beetles presented a positive relationship with humidity variation over the years. Critically, both rare and common species drove extirpations and colonizations, and we found no trend of temporal decline of insect species at local and regional scales. Our study shows that insect metacommunity responses to elevation and global changes are rather complex, and stresses the importance of long-term studies that incorporate multiple sampling periods and different groups of organisms in tropical mountains.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shiyu Ma, Shengbin Chen, Yi Ding, Zhongsheng He, Gang Hu, Jie Liu, Ya‐huang Luo, Kun Song, Yongchuan Yang, Xiaolei Huang, Meixiang Gao, Lan Liu, Bo Chen, Xianjin He, Xiaorong Lu, Bingwei Lv, Liang‐Liang Ma, Yani Meng, Zhongping Tian, Hong‐wei Zhang, Xijin Zhang, Yansong Zhang, Zhaochen Zhang, Shaopeng Li, Jian Zhang
Litter decomposition in mountainous forest ecosystems is an essential process that affects carbon and nutrient cycling. However, the contribution of litter decomposition to terrestrial ecosystems is difficult to estimate accurately because of the limited comparability of different studies and limited data on local microclimatic and non‐climatic factors. Here, we designed a coordinated experiment within subtropical and tropical forests across ten mountains to evaluate variation in litter decomposition rates and stabilization. We tested whether elevations, soil microclimate, soil physiochemistry, tree species diversity, and microhabitat affect decomposition rates and stabilization by using the Tea bag index as a standardized protocol. We found that the associations of decomposition rates and stabilization with elevation and each environmental factor varied between mountains. Elevation significantly affected decomposition rates and stabilization in the western mountains, where soil microclimate also played a dominant role due to relatively cold environments. Across all mountains, decomposition rates decreased while stabilization increased with increasing elevation. In terms of microclimate, decomposition rates increased with increasing soil temperature and temperature variation during the growing season, whereas stabilization decreased with increasing soil temperature and moisture variation. In terms of non‐climatic factors, decomposition rates increased with increasing tree species diversity, whereas stabilization decreased with soil pH and slope. Our findings enhance the general understanding of how different factors control forest litter decomposition, highlighting the dominant role of soil microclimate in controlling carbon and nutrient cycling in cold environments and high elevations.
{"title":"What controls forest litter decomposition? A coordinated distributed teabag experiment across ten mountains","authors":"Shiyu Ma, Shengbin Chen, Yi Ding, Zhongsheng He, Gang Hu, Jie Liu, Ya‐huang Luo, Kun Song, Yongchuan Yang, Xiaolei Huang, Meixiang Gao, Lan Liu, Bo Chen, Xianjin He, Xiaorong Lu, Bingwei Lv, Liang‐Liang Ma, Yani Meng, Zhongping Tian, Hong‐wei Zhang, Xijin Zhang, Yansong Zhang, Zhaochen Zhang, Shaopeng Li, Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07339","url":null,"abstract":"Litter decomposition in mountainous forest ecosystems is an essential process that affects carbon and nutrient cycling. However, the contribution of litter decomposition to terrestrial ecosystems is difficult to estimate accurately because of the limited comparability of different studies and limited data on local microclimatic and non‐climatic factors. Here, we designed a coordinated experiment within subtropical and tropical forests across ten mountains to evaluate variation in litter decomposition rates and stabilization. We tested whether elevations, soil microclimate, soil physiochemistry, tree species diversity, and microhabitat affect decomposition rates and stabilization by using the Tea bag index as a standardized protocol. We found that the associations of decomposition rates and stabilization with elevation and each environmental factor varied between mountains. Elevation significantly affected decomposition rates and stabilization in the western mountains, where soil microclimate also played a dominant role due to relatively cold environments. Across all mountains, decomposition rates decreased while stabilization increased with increasing elevation. In terms of microclimate, decomposition rates increased with increasing soil temperature and temperature variation during the growing season, whereas stabilization decreased with increasing soil temperature and moisture variation. In terms of non‐climatic factors, decomposition rates increased with increasing tree species diversity, whereas stabilization decreased with soil pH and slope. Our findings enhance the general understanding of how different factors control forest litter decomposition, highlighting the dominant role of soil microclimate in controlling carbon and nutrient cycling in cold environments and high elevations.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Co‐occurrence networks offer insights into the complexity of microbial interactions, particularly in highly diverse environments where direct observation is challenging. However, identifying the scale at which local and non‐local processes structure co‐occurrence networks remains challenging because it requires simultaneously analyzing network structure within and between local networks. In this context, the rumen microbiome is an excellent model system because each cow contains a physically confined microbial community, which is imperative for the host's livelihood and productivity. Employing the rumen microbiome of 1012 cows across seven European farms as our model system, we constructed and analyzed farm‐level co‐occurrence networks to reveal underlying microbial interaction patterns. Within each farm, microbes tended to close triangles but some microbial families were over‐represented while others under‐represented in these local interactions. Using stochastic block modeling we detected a group structure that reflected functional equivalence in co‐occurrence. Knowing the group composition in one farm provided significantly more information on the grouping in another farm than expected. Moreover, microbes strongly conserved co‐occurrence patterns across farms (also adjusted for phylogeny). We developed a meta‐co‐occurrence multilayer approach, which links farm‐level networks, to test scale signatures simultaneously at the farm and inter‐farm levels. Consistent with the comparison between groups, the multilayer network was not partitioned into clusters. This result was consistent even when artificially disconnecting farm‐level networks. Our results show a prominent signal of processes operating across farms to generate a non‐random, similar (yet not identical) co‐occurrence patterns. Comprehending the processes underlying rumen microbiome assembly can aid in developing strategies for its manipulation. More broadly, our results provide new evidence for the scale at which forces shape microbe co‐occurrence. Finally, the hypotheses‐based approach and methods we developed can be adopted in other systems to detect scale signatures in species interactions.
{"title":"Regional processes shape the structure of rumen microbial co‐occurrence networks","authors":"Geut Galai, Dafna Arbel, Keren Klass, Ido Grinshpan, Itzhak Mizrahi, Shai Pilosof","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07430","url":null,"abstract":"Co‐occurrence networks offer insights into the complexity of microbial interactions, particularly in highly diverse environments where direct observation is challenging. However, identifying the scale at which local and non‐local processes structure co‐occurrence networks remains challenging because it requires simultaneously analyzing network structure within and between local networks. In this context, the rumen microbiome is an excellent model system because each cow contains a physically confined microbial community, which is imperative for the host's livelihood and productivity. Employing the rumen microbiome of 1012 cows across seven European farms as our model system, we constructed and analyzed farm‐level co‐occurrence networks to reveal underlying microbial interaction patterns. Within each farm, microbes tended to close triangles but some microbial families were over‐represented while others under‐represented in these local interactions. Using stochastic block modeling we detected a group structure that reflected functional equivalence in co‐occurrence. Knowing the group composition in one farm provided significantly more information on the grouping in another farm than expected. Moreover, microbes strongly conserved co‐occurrence patterns across farms (also adjusted for phylogeny). We developed a meta‐co‐occurrence multilayer approach, which links farm‐level networks, to test scale signatures simultaneously at the farm and inter‐farm levels. Consistent with the comparison between groups, the multilayer network was not partitioned into clusters. This result was consistent even when artificially disconnecting farm‐level networks. Our results show a prominent signal of processes operating across farms to generate a non‐random, similar (yet not identical) co‐occurrence patterns. Comprehending the processes underlying rumen microbiome assembly can aid in developing strategies for its manipulation. More broadly, our results provide new evidence for the scale at which forces shape microbe co‐occurrence. Finally, the hypotheses‐based approach and methods we developed can be adopted in other systems to detect scale signatures in species interactions.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chunrong Mi, Xingzhi Han, Zhongwen Jiang, Zhigao Zeng, Weiguo Du, Baojun Sun
Reptiles make up one-third of tetrapods, however they are often omitted from global conservation analyses. Understanding the determinants of reptile distribution is the foundation for reptile conservation research. We assembled a dataset on the distribution of 231 reptile species (nearly 50% of recorded species in China). We then investigated the association of species range filling (the proportion of observed ranges compared to species potential climate distributions) with climate, range size, topography and human activity, using three regression methods. At the species level, we found the most primary factors influencing the recent distribution pattern of reptiles across China were the mean annual precipitation (MAP) and the mean annual temperature (MAT). In contrast, human activity came in last. Similarly, at a spatial level, MAP and MAT were still the most important factors. Geographically, the south and east of China support the highest reptile diversity, partially due to high precipitation. Contrary to the prevailing notion that reptile distributions are primarily shaped by human activities, our study re-emphasizes the importance of climate in determining reptile distribution. It accentuates the necessity of integrating climate variables into future animal conservation strategies in China. Our findings also offer valuable insights for informing conservation practices, including the site planning of natural reserves and national parks, as well as monitoring of environmental factors in protected areas.
{"title":"Precipitation and temperature primarily determine the reptile distributions in China","authors":"Chunrong Mi, Xingzhi Han, Zhongwen Jiang, Zhigao Zeng, Weiguo Du, Baojun Sun","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07005","url":null,"abstract":"Reptiles make up one-third of tetrapods, however they are often omitted from global conservation analyses. Understanding the determinants of reptile distribution is the foundation for reptile conservation research. We assembled a dataset on the distribution of 231 reptile species (nearly 50% of recorded species in China). We then investigated the association of species range filling (the proportion of observed ranges compared to species potential climate distributions) with climate, range size, topography and human activity, using three regression methods. At the species level, we found the most primary factors influencing the recent distribution pattern of reptiles across China were the mean annual precipitation (MAP) and the mean annual temperature (MAT). In contrast, human activity came in last. Similarly, at a spatial level, MAP and MAT were still the most important factors. Geographically, the south and east of China support the highest reptile diversity, partially due to high precipitation. Contrary to the prevailing notion that reptile distributions are primarily shaped by human activities, our study re-emphasizes the importance of climate in determining reptile distribution. It accentuates the necessity of integrating climate variables into future animal conservation strategies in China. Our findings also offer valuable insights for informing conservation practices, including the site planning of natural reserves and national parks, as well as monitoring of environmental factors in protected areas.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142101065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arnald Marcer, Agustí Escobar, Arthur D. Chapman, John R. Wieczorek
Georeferencing is a key process in the digitization of natural history collections as it assigns spatial coordinates to preserved specimen collecting locations, facilitating their use in ecological, evolutionary and conservation research. Georeference data in public repositories such as GBIF is often missing or incomplete, jeopardising their use in research and limiting the return on investment made by public institutions. Despite the existence of guidelines for best practices for georeferencing and widely accepted standards for biodiversity data, there is a lack of a simple yet effective software tool that offers the implementation of both concepts. We present GeoPick with the aim to offer the collections community a standards‐compliant tool that eases the georeferencing process, making it more cost‐effective, and which, by applying best practices, contributes to the betterment of the occurrence data in public repositories. GeoPick also offers the possibility of collaboration between users and institutions through the sharing of georeferences. The tool is hosted by GBIF at https://geopick.gbif.org, and is open source. Its code is available at a public GitHub repository (https://github.com/rtdeb/GeoPick).Keywords: Darwin Core, georeferencing, natural history collections, point‐radius method, web application, Well Known Text Format, WKT
{"title":"GeoPick ‐ A web application for georeferencing natural history collections following best practices","authors":"Arnald Marcer, Agustí Escobar, Arthur D. Chapman, John R. Wieczorek","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07431","url":null,"abstract":"Georeferencing is a key process in the digitization of natural history collections as it assigns spatial coordinates to preserved specimen collecting locations, facilitating their use in ecological, evolutionary and conservation research. Georeference data in public repositories such as GBIF is often missing or incomplete, jeopardising their use in research and limiting the return on investment made by public institutions. Despite the existence of guidelines for best practices for georeferencing and widely accepted standards for biodiversity data, there is a lack of a simple yet effective software tool that offers the implementation of both concepts. We present GeoPick with the aim to offer the collections community a standards‐compliant tool that eases the georeferencing process, making it more cost‐effective, and which, by applying best practices, contributes to the betterment of the occurrence data in public repositories. GeoPick also offers the possibility of collaboration between users and institutions through the sharing of georeferences. The tool is hosted by GBIF at <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https://geopick.gbif.org\">https://geopick.gbif.org</jats:ext-link>, and is open source. Its code is available at a public GitHub repository (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https://github.com/rtdeb/GeoPick\">https://github.com/rtdeb/GeoPick</jats:ext-link>).Keywords: Darwin Core, georeferencing, natural history collections, point‐radius method, web application, Well Known Text Format, WKT","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142101067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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