Jacob W Bentley, David Chagaris, Marta Coll, Johanna J Heymans, Natalia Serpetti, Carl J Walters, Villy Christensen
Ecosystem models, such as Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE), provide a platform to simulate intricate policy scenarios where multiple species, pressures, and ecosystem services interact. Complex questions often return complex answers, necessitating evidence and advice to be communicated in terms of trade-offs, risks, and uncertainty. Calibration procedures for EwE, which can act as a source of uncertainty and bias in model results, have yet to be explored in a comprehensive way that communicates how sensitive model outputs are to different calibration approaches. As the EwE community has grown, multiple divergent approaches have been applied to calibrate models through the estimation of vulnerability multipliers: parameters that augment the consumption rate limits of predators. Here we explore the underlying principles of vulnerability multipliers as well as existing calibration approaches and their justification. Two case studies are presented: the first explores how vulnerability multipliers emerge based on the chosen calibration approach using simulated data, while the second takes two operational EwE models (Irish Sea and Northwest Atlantic Continental Shelf) and compares their outputs when calibrated following alternate calibration approaches. We show how calibration approaches can impact model-derived advice and provide a list of best practice recommendations for EwE calibration.
{"title":"Calibrating ecosystem models to support ecosystem-based management of marine systems","authors":"Jacob W Bentley, David Chagaris, Marta Coll, Johanna J Heymans, Natalia Serpetti, Carl J Walters, Villy Christensen","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsad213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsad213","url":null,"abstract":"Ecosystem models, such as Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE), provide a platform to simulate intricate policy scenarios where multiple species, pressures, and ecosystem services interact. Complex questions often return complex answers, necessitating evidence and advice to be communicated in terms of trade-offs, risks, and uncertainty. Calibration procedures for EwE, which can act as a source of uncertainty and bias in model results, have yet to be explored in a comprehensive way that communicates how sensitive model outputs are to different calibration approaches. As the EwE community has grown, multiple divergent approaches have been applied to calibrate models through the estimation of vulnerability multipliers: parameters that augment the consumption rate limits of predators. Here we explore the underlying principles of vulnerability multipliers as well as existing calibration approaches and their justification. Two case studies are presented: the first explores how vulnerability multipliers emerge based on the chosen calibration approach using simulated data, while the second takes two operational EwE models (Irish Sea and Northwest Atlantic Continental Shelf) and compares their outputs when calibrated following alternate calibration approaches. We show how calibration approaches can impact model-derived advice and provide a list of best practice recommendations for EwE calibration.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139557060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael J Williamson, David M P Jacoby, Tea Bašić, Alan Walker, Adam T Piper
Eel Management Plans demand European silver eel (Anguilla anguilla) escapement to the sea of at least 40% of that expected historically in the absence of human impacts. Landlocked lentic waterbodies, such as drinking water reservoirs, host substantial numbers of eel, which could represent a significant contribution to catchment-based conservation targets. To optimize netting strategies for eel management policies, information on their aggregation behaviour is currently needed but lacking. We performed a fine-scale acoustic tracking study to monitor the movements of 86 European eel in a UK reservoir. Social network sampling and sensitivity analyses were used to assess whether eel aggregate at scales relevant for current capture techniques. European eel were found to aggregate at spatial and temporal scales of 50 m and 2 days, respectively, which complements current capture methodologies and recommendations. Aggregations were not driven by fixed resources, indicating that other factors, such as sociality, may drive aggregation behaviour. Results also show that current netting practices could be optimized by increasing netting lengths from 50 to 80 m. In addition to aiding conservation and management protocols, these results provide an ecological foundation for exploring the role of social behaviour in this Critically Endangered species.
{"title":"Social network analysis as a tool to inform anguillid eel conservation and management","authors":"Michael J Williamson, David M P Jacoby, Tea Bašić, Alan Walker, Adam T Piper","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsae001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae001","url":null,"abstract":"Eel Management Plans demand European silver eel (Anguilla anguilla) escapement to the sea of at least 40% of that expected historically in the absence of human impacts. Landlocked lentic waterbodies, such as drinking water reservoirs, host substantial numbers of eel, which could represent a significant contribution to catchment-based conservation targets. To optimize netting strategies for eel management policies, information on their aggregation behaviour is currently needed but lacking. We performed a fine-scale acoustic tracking study to monitor the movements of 86 European eel in a UK reservoir. Social network sampling and sensitivity analyses were used to assess whether eel aggregate at scales relevant for current capture techniques. European eel were found to aggregate at spatial and temporal scales of 50 m and 2 days, respectively, which complements current capture methodologies and recommendations. Aggregations were not driven by fixed resources, indicating that other factors, such as sociality, may drive aggregation behaviour. Results also show that current netting practices could be optimized by increasing netting lengths from 50 to 80 m. In addition to aiding conservation and management protocols, these results provide an ecological foundation for exploring the role of social behaviour in this Critically Endangered species.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139557011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alberto Rovellini, André E Punt, Meaghan D Bryan, Isaac C Kaplan, Martin W Dorn, Kerim Aydin, Elizabeth A Fulton, Baptiste Alglave, Matthew R Baker, Gemma Carroll, Bridget E Ferriss, Melissa A Haltuch, Adam L Hayes, Albert J Hermann, Pierre-Yves Hernvann, Kirstin K Holsman, Owen R Liu, Elizabeth McHuron, Hem Nalini Morzaria-Luna, Jamal Moss, Szymon Surma, Madison T Weise
As climate stressors are impacting marine ecosystems and fisheries across the world, ecosystem models that incorporate environmental variables are increasingly used to inform ecosystem-based fisheries management. The assumptions around the mechanistic links between climate stressors and the biological processes in these models are important, but the implications for model outcomes of which stressors are captured and how they affect modeled biological processes are seldom explored. Using a whole-ecosystem model (Atlantis) for the Gulf of Alaska, we explore the effects of capturing physical (increased temperature) and biogeochemical (decreased low trophic level productivity) climate stressors, and disentangle the effects of each stressor on the productivity of forage fish, groundfish, and fish-eating seabirds. We then test the effects of alternative model specifications of temperature-driven habitat determination and bioenergetics. Increased temperature resulted in increased weight-at-age and higher natural mortality, while decreased productivity resulted in decreased weight-at-age and higher natural mortality. Model specification of temperature dependence of movement and spawning influenced model outcomes, and decoupling these processes from temperature led to overly optimistic biomass predictions. As the use of ecosystem models to inform fisheries management becomes more operational, we illustrate that the assumptions around the links between climate stressors and ecological processes influence model outcomes.
{"title":"Linking climate stressors to ecological processes in ecosystem models, with a case study from the Gulf of Alaska","authors":"Alberto Rovellini, André E Punt, Meaghan D Bryan, Isaac C Kaplan, Martin W Dorn, Kerim Aydin, Elizabeth A Fulton, Baptiste Alglave, Matthew R Baker, Gemma Carroll, Bridget E Ferriss, Melissa A Haltuch, Adam L Hayes, Albert J Hermann, Pierre-Yves Hernvann, Kirstin K Holsman, Owen R Liu, Elizabeth McHuron, Hem Nalini Morzaria-Luna, Jamal Moss, Szymon Surma, Madison T Weise","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsae002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae002","url":null,"abstract":"As climate stressors are impacting marine ecosystems and fisheries across the world, ecosystem models that incorporate environmental variables are increasingly used to inform ecosystem-based fisheries management. The assumptions around the mechanistic links between climate stressors and the biological processes in these models are important, but the implications for model outcomes of which stressors are captured and how they affect modeled biological processes are seldom explored. Using a whole-ecosystem model (Atlantis) for the Gulf of Alaska, we explore the effects of capturing physical (increased temperature) and biogeochemical (decreased low trophic level productivity) climate stressors, and disentangle the effects of each stressor on the productivity of forage fish, groundfish, and fish-eating seabirds. We then test the effects of alternative model specifications of temperature-driven habitat determination and bioenergetics. Increased temperature resulted in increased weight-at-age and higher natural mortality, while decreased productivity resulted in decreased weight-at-age and higher natural mortality. Model specification of temperature dependence of movement and spawning influenced model outcomes, and decoupling these processes from temperature led to overly optimistic biomass predictions. As the use of ecosystem models to inform fisheries management becomes more operational, we illustrate that the assumptions around the links between climate stressors and ecological processes influence model outcomes.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139556968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chloe Renn, Sian Rees, Adam Rees, Bede F R Davies, Amy Y Cartwright, Sam Fanshawe, Martin J Attrill, Luke A Holmes, Emma V Sheehan
This decade represents a critical period to profoundly rethink human–nature interactions in order to address the interwoven climate and biodiversity crises. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) demonstrate promise for increasing ecosystem resilience and reversing habitat and population declines, but outcomes vary considerably from context to context. Partially protected areas offer a compromise between ecological recovery and the social needs of local communities, but their success is contingent on an array of factors. This in-depth review summarizes 15 years of marine conservation research and impact in Lyme Bay (southwest UK), to serve as a model for the future adoption of partially protected MPAs. The findings from the UK’s longest integrated socioecological monitoring MPA study are presented and supplemented by an evaluation of the whole-site management approach as a core element of Lyme Bay’s achievements. The journey from research to improved monitoring and ambitious policy is illustrated within and interspersed with stories of novel discoveries, ongoing challenges, and method developments. What started as a dedicated group of community members has grown into an immense collaboration between fishers, scientists, NGOs, and regulators, and their combined efforts have sent ripple effects of positive change across the globe.
{"title":"Lessons from Lyme Bay (UK) to inform policy, management, and monitoring of Marine Protected Areas","authors":"Chloe Renn, Sian Rees, Adam Rees, Bede F R Davies, Amy Y Cartwright, Sam Fanshawe, Martin J Attrill, Luke A Holmes, Emma V Sheehan","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsad204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsad204","url":null,"abstract":"This decade represents a critical period to profoundly rethink human–nature interactions in order to address the interwoven climate and biodiversity crises. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) demonstrate promise for increasing ecosystem resilience and reversing habitat and population declines, but outcomes vary considerably from context to context. Partially protected areas offer a compromise between ecological recovery and the social needs of local communities, but their success is contingent on an array of factors. This in-depth review summarizes 15 years of marine conservation research and impact in Lyme Bay (southwest UK), to serve as a model for the future adoption of partially protected MPAs. The findings from the UK’s longest integrated socioecological monitoring MPA study are presented and supplemented by an evaluation of the whole-site management approach as a core element of Lyme Bay’s achievements. The journey from research to improved monitoring and ambitious policy is illustrated within and interspersed with stories of novel discoveries, ongoing challenges, and method developments. What started as a dedicated group of community members has grown into an immense collaboration between fishers, scientists, NGOs, and regulators, and their combined efforts have sent ripple effects of positive change across the globe.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139475687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T Mendo, A Mujal-Colilles, J Stounberg, G Glemarec, J Egekvist, E Mugerza, M Rufino, R Swift, M James
Knowledge on the spatial and temporal distribution of the activities carried out in the marine environment is key to manage available space optimally. However, frequently, little or no information is available on the distribution of the largest users of the marine space, namely fishers. Tracking devices are being increasingly used to obtain highly resolved geospatial data of fishing activities, at intervals from seconds to minutes. However, to date no standardized method is used to process and analyse these data, making it difficult to replicate analysis. We develop a workflow to identify individual vessel trips and infer fishing activities from highly resolved geospatial data, which can be applied for large-scale fisheries, but also considers nuances encountered when working with small-scale fisheries. Recognizing the highly variable nature of activities conducted by different fleets, this workflow allows the user to choose a path that best aligns with the particularities in the fishery being analysed. A new method to identify anchoring sites for small-scale fisheries is also presented. The paper provides detailed code used in each step of the workflow both in R and Python language to widen the application of the workflow in the scientific and stakeholder communities and to encourage its improvement and refinement in the future.
了解在海洋环境中开展活动的时空分布情况，是对现有空间进行优化管理的关键。然而，关于海洋空间最大用户（即渔民）的分布情况，往往只有很少或根本没有信息。人们越来越多地使用跟踪设备来获取捕鱼活动的高分辨率地理空间数据，时间间隔从几秒到几分钟不等。然而，到目前为止，还没有标准化的方法来处理和分析这些数据，因此很难进行重复分析。我们开发了一套工作流程，用于识别单个渔船行程，并从高分辨率地理空间数据中推断捕鱼活动，该流程可用于大型渔业，但也考虑到了小型渔业工作中遇到的细微差别。由于认识到不同船队所开展活动的高度可变性，该工作流程允许用户选择最符合所分析渔业特殊性的路径。此外，还介绍了一种确定小型渔业锚泊地点的新方法。本文用 R 语言和 Python 语言提供了工作流程每个步骤中使用的详细代码，以扩大工作流程在科学界和利益相关者群体中的应用，并鼓励今后对其进行改进和完善。
{"title":"A workflow for standardizing the analysis of highly resolved vessel tracking data","authors":"T Mendo, A Mujal-Colilles, J Stounberg, G Glemarec, J Egekvist, E Mugerza, M Rufino, R Swift, M James","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsad209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsad209","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge on the spatial and temporal distribution of the activities carried out in the marine environment is key to manage available space optimally. However, frequently, little or no information is available on the distribution of the largest users of the marine space, namely fishers. Tracking devices are being increasingly used to obtain highly resolved geospatial data of fishing activities, at intervals from seconds to minutes. However, to date no standardized method is used to process and analyse these data, making it difficult to replicate analysis. We develop a workflow to identify individual vessel trips and infer fishing activities from highly resolved geospatial data, which can be applied for large-scale fisheries, but also considers nuances encountered when working with small-scale fisheries. Recognizing the highly variable nature of activities conducted by different fleets, this workflow allows the user to choose a path that best aligns with the particularities in the fishery being analysed. A new method to identify anchoring sites for small-scale fisheries is also presented. The paper provides detailed code used in each step of the workflow both in R and Python language to widen the application of the workflow in the scientific and stakeholder communities and to encourage its improvement and refinement in the future.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139459069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Managing fishing operations’ threat to marine mammal populations hinges on accurate bycatch estimates, often derived from fishery observer or monitoring programmes. Much global marine mammal bycatch occurs in gillnets, and observer protocols that do not include watching the haulback of gillnets may miss animals that drop out of the net. We investigated whether trips using a fish-focused observer protocol (no requirement to watch the haulback) in US northwestern Atlantic gillnet fisheries from 1994 to 2019 had different observed bycatch rates from trips under a mammal-focused observer protocol (watching the haulbacks) for grey seals (Halichoerus grypus atlantica), harbour seals (Phoca vitulina vitulina), and harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena phocoena). We found that observer protocol was likely to affect observed drop-out and bycatch rates. Under the fish-focused protocol, the ratio of animals removed from the net to those that fell from the net was generally higher than under the mammal-focused protocol, suggesting fish-focused observers missed bycatch that fell. Bycatch rates of animals removed from the net by fishers differed significantly between observer protocols for seals, but not for harbour porpoise, perhaps because of differences in entanglement and manner of decomposition. We estimate bycatch was underreported by 3–25% because of unobserved drop-outs on fish-focused observer protocols.
{"title":"Impact of fishery observer protocol on estimated bycatch rates of marine mammals","authors":"Kristin Precoda, Christopher D Orphanides","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsad202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsad202","url":null,"abstract":"Managing fishing operations’ threat to marine mammal populations hinges on accurate bycatch estimates, often derived from fishery observer or monitoring programmes. Much global marine mammal bycatch occurs in gillnets, and observer protocols that do not include watching the haulback of gillnets may miss animals that drop out of the net. We investigated whether trips using a fish-focused observer protocol (no requirement to watch the haulback) in US northwestern Atlantic gillnet fisheries from 1994 to 2019 had different observed bycatch rates from trips under a mammal-focused observer protocol (watching the haulbacks) for grey seals (Halichoerus grypus atlantica), harbour seals (Phoca vitulina vitulina), and harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena phocoena). We found that observer protocol was likely to affect observed drop-out and bycatch rates. Under the fish-focused protocol, the ratio of animals removed from the net to those that fell from the net was generally higher than under the mammal-focused protocol, suggesting fish-focused observers missed bycatch that fell. Bycatch rates of animals removed from the net by fishers differed significantly between observer protocols for seals, but not for harbour porpoise, perhaps because of differences in entanglement and manner of decomposition. We estimate bycatch was underreported by 3–25% because of unobserved drop-outs on fish-focused observer protocols.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139459102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ella R Rothermel, Michael H P O'Brien, Jessica E Best, Dewayne A Fox, Benjamin I Gahagan, Amanda L Higgs, Ian A Park, Gail Wippelhauser, David H Secor
Offshore wind energy development, including along the US Atlantic coast, frequently occurs within important multispecies migration corridors; however, assessing the regional factors influencing the local Eulerian occurrence of these species poses a significant challenge. We used generalized models incorporating lagged variables and hierarchical formulations to account for temporal dependencies and hierarchical structure that occur outside the narrower frame of a sampled project area. Acoustically tagged striped bass, the most frequently detected species regionally, were sampled using a gridded acoustic telemetry array in the Maryland Wind Energy Area of the US Mid-Atlantic Bight. The daily occurrence of striped bass was better explained by broad-scale sea surface temperature warming patterns than by local concurrent environmental conditions, demonstrating the importance of drivers that occur across the wider spatial scales of migration. Weekly residency patterns were similar between tagging origin groups, suggesting that Chesapeake Bay, Hudson River, Delaware Bay, and other Northwest Atlantic populations migrate synchronously through the Southern Mid-Atlantic Bight and are similarly influenced by sea surface temperature. Our study demonstrates that adapting an Eulerian approach to include lagged variables can improve regional assessments of fish on the move until richer Lagrangian insights become possible through future coordination of telemetry arrays throughout the Mid-Atlantic flyway.
{"title":"An Eulerian perspective on habitat models of striped bass occurrence in an offshore wind development area","authors":"Ella R Rothermel, Michael H P O'Brien, Jessica E Best, Dewayne A Fox, Benjamin I Gahagan, Amanda L Higgs, Ian A Park, Gail Wippelhauser, David H Secor","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsad212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsad212","url":null,"abstract":"Offshore wind energy development, including along the US Atlantic coast, frequently occurs within important multispecies migration corridors; however, assessing the regional factors influencing the local Eulerian occurrence of these species poses a significant challenge. We used generalized models incorporating lagged variables and hierarchical formulations to account for temporal dependencies and hierarchical structure that occur outside the narrower frame of a sampled project area. Acoustically tagged striped bass, the most frequently detected species regionally, were sampled using a gridded acoustic telemetry array in the Maryland Wind Energy Area of the US Mid-Atlantic Bight. The daily occurrence of striped bass was better explained by broad-scale sea surface temperature warming patterns than by local concurrent environmental conditions, demonstrating the importance of drivers that occur across the wider spatial scales of migration. Weekly residency patterns were similar between tagging origin groups, suggesting that Chesapeake Bay, Hudson River, Delaware Bay, and other Northwest Atlantic populations migrate synchronously through the Southern Mid-Atlantic Bight and are similarly influenced by sea surface temperature. Our study demonstrates that adapting an Eulerian approach to include lagged variables can improve regional assessments of fish on the move until richer Lagrangian insights become possible through future coordination of telemetry arrays throughout the Mid-Atlantic flyway.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139409269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harry Thatcher, Thomas Stamp, Pippa J Moore, David Wilcockson
The need for alternative strategies to assist in the monitoring and sustainable management of fisheries’ resources is becoming increasingly important. In recent years, greater utilization of fishers’ knowledge has been advocated as a potentially valuable source of data that could be applied to fisheries management issues. In the current study, we addressed this by investigating the landing per unit effort (LPUE) of European lobster (Homarus gammarus) from within an offshore wind farm using a fisheries-dependent commercial fishing logbook. The logbook was provided by a single fisherman who targeted lobsters within the wind farm between 2015 and 2022 using single pots deployed in association with individual wind turbines. Generalized linear mixed modeling was used to investigate changes in LPUE over temporal scales and as the result of the presence of scour protection at turbine locations. LPUE was found to be significantly higher at turbine locations where scour protection was present compared to those turbines where it was not. Predictions from modeling suggested LPUE was nearly 1.5× greater at turbines where scour protection was present. Significant differences in mean monthly and yearly LPUE were detected with this variation likely to reflect seasonal changes in lobster activity and the effect of introducing fishing into a previously unfished area. This work highlights the potential for fishing logbooks to be applied in fisheries management. Our results also demonstrate potential fishing opportunities arising from the development of offshore wind farms and the potential for these opportunities to be enhanced.
{"title":"Using fisheries-dependent data to investigate landings of European lobster (Homarus gammarus) within an offshore wind farm","authors":"Harry Thatcher, Thomas Stamp, Pippa J Moore, David Wilcockson","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsad207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsad207","url":null,"abstract":"The need for alternative strategies to assist in the monitoring and sustainable management of fisheries’ resources is becoming increasingly important. In recent years, greater utilization of fishers’ knowledge has been advocated as a potentially valuable source of data that could be applied to fisheries management issues. In the current study, we addressed this by investigating the landing per unit effort (LPUE) of European lobster (Homarus gammarus) from within an offshore wind farm using a fisheries-dependent commercial fishing logbook. The logbook was provided by a single fisherman who targeted lobsters within the wind farm between 2015 and 2022 using single pots deployed in association with individual wind turbines. Generalized linear mixed modeling was used to investigate changes in LPUE over temporal scales and as the result of the presence of scour protection at turbine locations. LPUE was found to be significantly higher at turbine locations where scour protection was present compared to those turbines where it was not. Predictions from modeling suggested LPUE was nearly 1.5× greater at turbines where scour protection was present. Significant differences in mean monthly and yearly LPUE were detected with this variation likely to reflect seasonal changes in lobster activity and the effect of introducing fishing into a previously unfished area. This work highlights the potential for fishing logbooks to be applied in fisheries management. Our results also demonstrate potential fishing opportunities arising from the development of offshore wind farms and the potential for these opportunities to be enhanced.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139409270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Management strategy evaluation (MSE) provides a mechanism to test the relative performance of alternative management strategies on a fishery. For Pacific herring in Prince William Sound, Alaska, no directed fisheries have occurred in over 30 years, providing an opportunity to evaluate potential management strategies before a fishery is opened. Here we evaluate and compare 10 harvest control rules (HCRs) ranging from simple threshold rules to rules accounting for population age structure, biomass trends, and weight distribution using an MSE integrated with a fully Bayesian stock assessment estimation model. We developed a utility function that shows simple threshold HCRs outperform the more complex rules, especially for catch stability. According to this utility function, the best rule had a lower limit threshold than the current default rule, while the worst rule had a higher limit threshold. Our simulations demonstrate that sufficient computing power exists for MSEs based on Bayesian estimation methods, thus opening a pathway for MSEs to simulation test probabilistic control rules, which provide a buffer against scientific uncertainty and should reduce the risk of overfishing.
{"title":"Management strategy evaluation of harvest control rules for Pacific Herring in Prince William Sound, Alaska","authors":"Joshua A Zahner, Trevor A Branch","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsad199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsad199","url":null,"abstract":"Management strategy evaluation (MSE) provides a mechanism to test the relative performance of alternative management strategies on a fishery. For Pacific herring in Prince William Sound, Alaska, no directed fisheries have occurred in over 30 years, providing an opportunity to evaluate potential management strategies before a fishery is opened. Here we evaluate and compare 10 harvest control rules (HCRs) ranging from simple threshold rules to rules accounting for population age structure, biomass trends, and weight distribution using an MSE integrated with a fully Bayesian stock assessment estimation model. We developed a utility function that shows simple threshold HCRs outperform the more complex rules, especially for catch stability. According to this utility function, the best rule had a lower limit threshold than the current default rule, while the worst rule had a higher limit threshold. Our simulations demonstrate that sufficient computing power exists for MSEs based on Bayesian estimation methods, thus opening a pathway for MSEs to simulation test probabilistic control rules, which provide a buffer against scientific uncertainty and should reduce the risk of overfishing.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139376204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traps (or pots) are one of the oldest and most widespread scientific survey gears for fish and decapod crustaceans around the world. Here, I review and synthesize the extensive scientific literature describing the various benefits and drawbacks of using traps as a survey gear in scientific studies. The widespread use of traps in fish and decapod surveys is due to several characteristics like their low cost, flexible design, ease of use, ability to fish unattended, and being amenable to pairing with other gears. However, there are a number of significant drawbacks of using traps, including highly variable catches due to environmental fluctuations or behavioral interactions or lost traps that continue catching and killing animals, that must be considered and accounted for when initiating trap surveys. This study highlights the types of habitats and species most and least suited for monitoring by traps, and emphasizes the importance of matching the goals and objectives of a trap survey with the correct trap design, mouth entrance, bait type, soak time, and pairing of gears. Pilot studies are also recommended before surveys are initiated to quantify the selectivity patterns of traps and identify the various factors that may influence trap catch.
{"title":"A review and synthesis of the benefits, drawbacks, and considerations of using traps to survey fish and decapods","authors":"Nathan M Bacheler","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsad206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsad206","url":null,"abstract":"Traps (or pots) are one of the oldest and most widespread scientific survey gears for fish and decapod crustaceans around the world. Here, I review and synthesize the extensive scientific literature describing the various benefits and drawbacks of using traps as a survey gear in scientific studies. The widespread use of traps in fish and decapod surveys is due to several characteristics like their low cost, flexible design, ease of use, ability to fish unattended, and being amenable to pairing with other gears. However, there are a number of significant drawbacks of using traps, including highly variable catches due to environmental fluctuations or behavioral interactions or lost traps that continue catching and killing animals, that must be considered and accounted for when initiating trap surveys. This study highlights the types of habitats and species most and least suited for monitoring by traps, and emphasizes the importance of matching the goals and objectives of a trap survey with the correct trap design, mouth entrance, bait type, soak time, and pairing of gears. Pilot studies are also recommended before surveys are initiated to quantify the selectivity patterns of traps and identify the various factors that may influence trap catch.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139071229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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