Nanoscale Research Letters最新文献

Nanomedicine, the most promising approach for regulated and targeted drug delivery, is frequently applied in cancer treatment. Essentially, accumulating evidence indicates that nanomedicine has positive results in the treatment of breast cancer (BC), with many BC patients benefiting from nanomedicine-related treatments. Currently, nanodrug delivery systems based on stimulus responses are gaining popularity because of their additional ability to manage drug release depending on the interior environment of the cancer. This review includes a synopsis of several types of internal (pH, redox, enzyme, reactive oxygen species, and hypoxia) stimuli-responsive nanoparticle drug delivery systems as well as perspectives for forthcoming times. Stimulus-responsive nanoparticles can remain stable under physiological conditions while being rapidly activated to release drugs in response to specific stimuli, prolonging blood circulation and increasing cancer cellular uptake, resulting in excellent therapeutic performance and improved biosafety. In this paper, we discuss tumor microenvironment responsive Nanoformulation for breast cancer treatment.

Silver nanoparticle solutions (AgNPs) of some mushrooms: Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus campestris were prepared and characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Each of the myco-sythesized AgNPs was plated against strains of Aspergillus flavus and A. ochraceous, at 5, 10 and 15% concentrations. Colour change from light yellow to orange, yellowish-brown, and reddish brown was observed after overnight incubation (at 28 °C), in the P. ostreatus, A. bisporus, and A. campestris synthesized AgNPs respectively. TEM analysis showed a spherical shape with an average size of 15.25 to 45.85 nm, 9.22 to 52.60 nm and 10.24 to 17.66 nm in P. ostreatus, A. campestris and A. bisporus AgNPs respectively. EDX spectrum showed absorption peaks of silver in the ranges of 0.8–1.4 keV, 6.2–6.6 keV, and 0.8–1.2 keV, and XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline structure of the biosynthesized AgNPs, while FTIR results revealed O–H, N–H, C=O, and C=N as the prominent functional groups. Mycelial inhibitions against A. flavus strains D28AF and D42AF ranged between 43.86–52.73% and 33.83–57.07% respectively, and were not significantly different (P ≤ 0.05) from the standard (copper sulphate). Inhibitions produced against A. ochraceous strains AOD40 and AOD45 ranged between 34.64–52.36% and 37.43–53.56% respectively and also showed similar trend in relation to the standard. This study showed that the myco-synthesized AgNPs were effective against A. flavus and A. ochraceous infecting cocoa beans at storage. They however need to be further improved for future use in the control of cocoa beans pathogens.

New materials for electrical conductors, energy storage, thermal management, and structural elements are required for increased electrification and non-fossil fuel use in transport. Appropriately assembled as macrostructures, nanomaterials can fill these gaps. Here, we critically review the materials science challenges to bridge the scale between the nanomaterials and the large-area components required for applications. We introduce a helpful classification based on three main macroscopic formats (fillers in a matrix, random sheets or aligned fibres) of high-aspect ratio nanoparticles, and the corresponding range of bulk properties from the commodity polymer to the high-performance fibre range. We review progress over two decades on macroscopic solids of nanomaterials (CNTs, graphene, nanowires, etc.), providing a framework to rationalise the transfer of their molecular-scale properties to the scale of engineering components and discussing strategies that overcome the envelope of current aerospace materials. Macroscopic materials in the form of organised networks of high aspect ratio nanomaterials have higher energy density than regular electrodes, superior mechanical properties to the best carbon fibres, and electrical and thermal conductivity above metals. Discussion on extended electrical properties focuses on nanocarbon-based materials (e.g., doped or metal-hybridised) as power or protective conductors and on conductive nanoinks for integrated conductors. Nanocomposite electrodes are enablers of hybrid/electric propulsion by eliminating electrical transport limitations, stabilising emerging high energy density battery electrodes, through high-power pseudocapacitive nanostructured networks, or downsizing Pt-free catalysts in flying fuel cells. Thermal management required in electrified aircraft calls for nanofluids and loop heat pipes of nanoporous conductors. Semi-industrial interlaminar reinforcement using nanomaterials addresses present structural components. Estimated improvements for mid-range aircraft include > 1 tonne weight reduction, eliminating hundreds of CO₂ tonnes released per year and supporting hybrid/electric propulsion by 2035.

This study fabricated 10 μm chip size μLEDs of blue-light GaN based epilayers structure with different mesa processes using dry etching and ion implantation technology. Two ion sources, As and Ar, were applied to implant into the LED structure to achieve material isolation and avoid defects on the mesa sidewall caused by the plasma process. Excellent turn-on behavior was obtained in both ion-implanted samples, which also exhibited lower leakage current compared to the sample fabricated by the dry etching process. Additionally, lower dynamic resistance (R_d) and series resistance (R_s) were obtained with Ar implantation, leading to a better wall-plug efficiency of 10.66% in this sample. Consequently, outstanding external quantum efficiency (EQE) values were also present in both implant samples, particularly in the sample implanted with Ar ions. This study proves that reducing defects on the mesa sidewall can further enhance device properties by suppressing non-radiative recombination behavior in small chip size devices. Overall, if implantation is used to replace the traditional dry etching process for mesa fabrication, the ideality factor can decrease from 11.89 to 2.2, and EQE can improve from 8.67 to 11.03%.

This study presents a unique, fast, and environmentally friendly approach for synthesizing MnO₂ nanoparticles (MnO₂ NPs) utilizing Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) extract. The formation of nanoparticles was indicated by a color change from dark purple to dark brown within 10 min and validated through techniques including UV–Vis spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). Bromocresol green and Bromothymol blue were established as standards for assessing the photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized nanoparticles. The synthesized nanocatalyst exhibited remarkable removal efficiency upon sunlight exposure, achieving 92% for Bromothymol blue and 95% for Bromocresol green within a duration of 1 h. The influence of variables including duration, photocatalyst dosage, and photodegradation kinetics was carefully examined to assess the efficacy of the created photocatalyst. The devised procedure is environmentally benign, facile to execute, and does not necessitate any chemical agents or advanced instrumentation for synthesis. This presents a new opportunity for the advancement of green photocatalysts, which may serve as an outstanding nanomaterial for wastewater clean-up.

This paper describes the potential of carbon dot nanocomposites (CDs) synthesized from waste materials by top-down and bottom-up state-of-the-art approaches. Through sustainable practices, wastes are converted into valuable nanomaterials, solving environmental problems and pioneering advances in nanotechnology. In this paper, an overview of the synthesis aspects of CDs is presented with the formation of their versatile nanocomposites and metal/metal oxide elements. The phase of this paper has been devoted to elaborate study of the multifaceted applications of CDs in various sectors, ranging from electronics and biomedicine to environmental remediation. Although having huge potential, CDs application is presently hampered due to limitations on scalability, stability, and reproducibility. In this review paper, most profound insights have been drawn into overcoming these barriers for clear routes toward future innovations. The present research being undertaken in this area has, therefore, underscored sustainable nanotechnology to resolve global problems and achieving technological development through green synthesis. Necessitating the efficient sewage disposal systems ensuring minimum toxin generation.

Graphical abstract

Pneumatic 3D-nanomaterial printing, a prominent additive manufacturing technique, excels in processing advanced materials like MXene, crucial for applications in nano-energy, flexible electronics, and sensors. A key challenge in this domain is optimizing process parameters—applied pressure, ink concentration, nozzle diameter, and printing velocity—to achieve uniform, high-quality prints with the desired filament diameter. Traditional trial-and-error methods often result in significant material waste and time consumption. To address this, our study introduces a comprehensive pipeline that initially assesses whether the selected process parameters yield uniform, high-quality MXene prints. Subsequently, it employs a Physics-Guided Artificial Neural Network (PGANN) to predict the filament diameter based on these parameters, integrating fundamental physical principles of the printing process with experimental data. Our findings demonstrate that using an XGBoost classifier, we can classify printed filament quality with an accuracy of 90.44%. Furthermore, the PGANN model shows exceptional performance in predicting the filament diameter, achieving a Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) of 0.9488, a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.000092 mm², and a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.00711 mm. This pipeline significantly streamlines the process for researchers, facilitating the selection of optimal printing parameters to consistently achieve high-quality prints and accurately produce the desired filament diameter tailored to specific applications.

Multiferroic materials that exhibit interacting and coexisting properties, like ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism, possess significant potential in the development of novel technologies that can be controlled through the application of external fields. They also exhibit varying regions of polarity, known as domains, with the interfaces that separate the domains referred to as domain walls. In this study, using three-dimensional (3D) bragg coherent diffractive imaging (BCDI), we investigate the dynamics of multiferroic domain walls in a single hexagonal dysprosium manganite (h-DyMnO(_3)) nanocrystal under varying applied electric field. Our analysis reveals that domain wall motion is influenced by the pinning effects, and a threshold voltage of +3 V is required to overcome them. Using circular mean analysis and phase gradient mapping, we identified localised phase realignment and high-gradient regions corresponding to domain walls, providing insights into the behaviour of multiferroic systems under external stimuli.

Organic light-emitting diodes aim to achieve high efficiency by using excitons to achieve a 100% quantum efficiency (QE). However, developing functional organic materials for this purpose can be time-consuming. To address this challenge, a new method has been proposed to incorporate inorganic quantum dots into the organic luminescent layer to enable unlimited exciton formation and approach the 100% QE limit. Inorganic quantum dots are clusters of atoms that contain numerous thermally generated electrons and holes at conduction and valence bands. Immersed quantum dots act as charge generation centers, providing electrons and holes with unlimited amounts to form excitons. After radiative recombination, these excitons generate photons that cause internal QE to nearly 100%. This concept has been demonstrated using Silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) and phosphorescent materials. The average size of SiQDs is approximately 6 nm, and they are well-dispersed within the guest–host blue phosphorescent light-emitting materials. With only 5 × 10^–3% (in weight) of SiQDs in the precursor, external QE increased from 2 to 17.7%, nearly a nine-fold enhancement. The prolonged decay time from 1.68 to 5.97 ns indicates that electrons are transferred from SiQDs to the luminescent materials. This universal method can be applied to green and red emissions with various inorganic quantum dots in different organic luminescent material systems.