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Diverse systems and strategies to cost-effectively manage herbicide-resistant annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in no-till wheat (Triticum aestivum)-based cropping sequences in south-eastern Australia 澳大利亚东南部免耕小麦(Triticum aestivum)种植序列中抗除草剂一年生黑麦草(Lolium rigidum)的多种系统和策略的经济有效管理
IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1071/CP22370
A. Swan, Laura Goward, J. Hunt, J. Kirkegaard, M. Peoples
ABSTRACT Context. Herbicide-resistant annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum; ARG) is a major weed of commercial significance globally, including no-till wheat-based production systems in south-eastern Australia. Aims. To compare the cost-effectiveness of different crop sequences and intensities of weed management to control ARG in rainfed grain production. Methods. Two on-farm studies in southern New South Wales, Australia, compared the effect of combinations of 3-year crop-sequence options (continuous wheat, 1- or 2-years of break crops), conservative or aggressive weed-control measures, hay cuts, legume brown manure (BM), and/or weed-free winter fallow on in-crop ARG infestations and soil seedbanks. Gross margins were calculated for each combination of treatments to compare system economic performance. Key results. Double-breaks consisting of two consecutive broadleaf crops, or canola–cereal hay, were frequently the most profitable and effective ARG control strategies. Single canola or lupin crops, BM, cereal hay, and fallow all significantly reduced subsequent in-crop ARG and seedbank numbers compared with continuous wheat. Aggressive in-crop control measures in wheat were more expensive than those applied to break crops. Gains in ARG control could be lost by a single year of poor weed control. Conclusions. High levels of control (>95%) over three consecutive seasons are required to reduce ARG seedbanks, and this is most cost-effectively achieved with diverse crop sequences. Implications. Farmers with high populations of ARG can reduce seedbanks by growing three crops sequentially that achieve complete weed seed control. This must be followed with ongoing high levels of control in subsequent years to keep ARG seedbanks low.
抽象的上下文。抗除草剂一年生黑麦草;ARG是全球范围内具有重要商业意义的主要杂草,包括澳大利亚东南部的免耕小麦生产系统。目标比较不同作物序列和不同杂草管理强度在旱作粮食生产中控制ARG的成本效益。方法。在澳大利亚新南威尔士州南部进行的两项农场研究比较了3年作物序列选择(连作小麦,1年或2年断种)、保守或积极的杂草控制措施、割干草、豆类棕色肥料(BM)和/或无杂草的冬季休耕组合对作物内ARG虫害和土壤种子库的影响。计算了每种处理组合的毛利率,以比较系统的经济性能。关键的结果。由连续种植两种阔叶作物或油菜-谷物干草组成的双重间伐通常是最有利和最有效的ARG控制策略。与连作小麦相比,单一的油菜或黑豆作物、BM、谷类干草和休耕都显著降低了随后的作物内ARG和种子库数量。对小麦采取积极的作物内控制措施比采取断茬措施要昂贵得多。在控制ARG方面取得的成果可能因一年的杂草控制不力而丧失。结论。要减少ARG种子库,需要连续三个季节进行高水平的控制(95%以上),而这是通过多样化的作物序列实现的最具成本效益的方法。的影响。拥有大量ARG的农民可以通过连续种植三种作物来减少种子库,从而实现完全的杂草种子控制。在此之后,必须在随后的几年中持续进行高水平的控制,以保持ARG种子库的低水平。
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引用次数: 0
Reducing enteric methane of ruminants in Australian grazing systems – a review of the role for temperate legumes and herbs 减少澳大利亚放牧系统中反刍动物的肠道甲烷——温带豆类和草本植物的作用综述
IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.1071/CP22299
W. Badgery, Guangdi D. Li, A. Simmons, Jennifer Wood, Rowan W. Smith, D. Peck, L. Ingram, Z. Durmic, A. Cowie, A. Humphries, P. Hutton, Emma Winslow, P. Vercoe, R. Eckard
ABSTRACT In Australia, 71% of agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are enteric methane (CH4), mostly produced by grazing sheep and cattle. Temperate low CH4 yielding legumes and herbs can mitigate enteric CH4 production, but system-level GHG emissions need to be considered. The aims of the study were to: (1) devise a framework to assess GHG reductions when introducing low CH4 yielding species; (2) assess mechanisms of CH4 reduction in temperate legume and herb species for Australia; (3) use a case study to demonstrate expected changes to system-level GHG emissions with the introduction of low CH4 yielding legumes; and (4) identify knowledge gaps and research priorities. Results demonstrate lowering emissions intensity (kg CO2-equivalent/kg product) is crucial to mitigate GHG emissions, but livestock productivity is also important. Several pasture species have anti-methanogenic properties, but responses often vary considerably. Of the species investigated biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus) has great potential to reduce enteric CH4 emissions, but in a case study its emission intensity was similar to subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) but higher than lucerne (Medicago sativa). We conclude that there are temperate legumes and herbs with anti-methanogenic properties, and/or high productivity that could reduce total CH4 emissions and emissions intensity of ruminant livestock production. There is also great diversity in some plant genotypes that can be exploited, and this will be aided by more detailed understanding of plant secondary compounds associated with CH4 reduction. This review suggests an opportunity to formulate pasture species mixtures to achieve reduced CH4 emissions with greater or equal livestock production.
摘要在澳大利亚,71%的农业温室气体排放是肠道甲烷,主要由放牧绵羊和牛产生。温带低CH4产量的豆类和草本植物可以减少肠道CH4的产生,但需要考虑系统水平的GHG排放。该研究的目的是:(1)制定一个框架,在引入CH4产量低的物种时评估温室气体减排情况;(2) 评估澳大利亚温带豆类和草本植物物种的CH4减少机制;(3) 使用案例研究来证明随着低CH4产量豆类的引入,系统水平GHG排放的预期变化;以及(4)确定知识差距和研究重点。结果表明,降低排放强度(千克二氧化碳当量/千克产品)对减少温室气体排放至关重要,但牲畜生产力也很重要。一些牧场物种具有抗甲烷特性,但反应往往差异很大。在所调查的物种中,双孢霉(biserrula pelecinus)具有降低肠道CH4排放的巨大潜力,但在一项案例研究中,其排放强度与地下三叶草(Trifolium subterraneum)相似,但高于苜蓿(Medicago sativa)。我们得出的结论是,温带豆类和草本植物具有抗甲烷特性和/或高生产力,可以降低反刍动物生产的CH4总排放量和排放强度。一些植物基因型也有很大的多样性,这将有助于更详细地了解与CH4减少相关的植物次生化合物。这篇综述为制定牧场物种混合物提供了一个机会,以在更大或同等的畜牧生产的情况下减少CH4排放。
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引用次数: 2
Soil physicochemical characteristics and leaf nutrient contents on banana farms of North Queensland, Australia 澳大利亚北昆士兰香蕉农场土壤理化特征及叶片养分含量
IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.1071/CP22306
R. Orr, T. Northfield, A. Pattison, P. N. Nelson
Abstract Context. Banana production in Australia is in three primary sub-regions within tropical North Queensland and the industry faces a variety of challenges including costs of production, disease and pests, and environmental impacts. The range of soil characteristics and banana leaf nutrient status on banana farms has not previously been systematically described. This knowledge gap makes it difficult to adapt research, management recommendations, and regulations to the needs of the three primary growing sub-regions. Aims. In this work, we aimed to identify key soil factors that differentiate growing sub-regions, and provide context for future research and industry regulation. Methods. We characterised soil and banana leaf samples from 28 banana farms on soil types accounting for >85% of Australia’s banana production. Key results. Variation in soil properties and leaf nutrient concentrations were driven largely by site- (principal component 1 in both cases) and management-related variables (principal component 2 in both cases). Management-related foliar nutrient concentrations did not differ between regions despite differences in the associated soil variables. The most important site characteristics appeared to be soil parent material and climate. The Mareeba sub-region has basaltic soils, low rainfall and temperature, whereas the other two sub-regions are hotter, wetter and have a variety of soil parent materials. Leaf nitrogen concentrations were mostly below the regulated limit for additional nitrogen fertiliser application. Implications. Our findings can facilitate sub-region-specific site selection for research, extension, and monitoring and more targeted regulation of banana production- and environment-related issues.
抽象的上下文。澳大利亚的香蕉生产主要集中在热带北昆士兰的三个主要分区域,该行业面临各种挑战,包括生产成本、病虫害和环境影响。以前没有系统地描述过香蕉农场的土壤特征和香蕉叶营养状况的范围。这种知识差距使得难以根据三个主要增长分区域的需要调整研究、管理建议和法规。目标在这项工作中,我们旨在确定区分生长子区域的关键土壤因子,并为未来的研究和行业监管提供背景。方法。我们对28个香蕉农场的土壤和香蕉叶样本进行了表征,这些土壤类型占澳大利亚香蕉产量的85%。关键的结果。土壤性质和叶片养分浓度的变化在很大程度上是由场地(两种情况下的主成分1)和管理相关变量(两种情况下的主成分2)驱动的。尽管相关土壤变量存在差异,但与管理相关的叶面养分浓度在不同地区之间没有差异。最重要的立地特征是土壤母质和气候。Mareeba亚区为玄武岩质土壤,降雨少,温度低,而其他两个亚区较热、较湿,土壤母质多样。叶片氮浓度大多低于氮肥补充施用的规定限值。的影响。我们的研究结果可以为香蕉生产和环境相关问题的研究、推广和监测以及更有针对性的监管提供便利。
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引用次数: 0
Improved soil fertility, plant nutrition and grain yield of soybean and millet following maize intercropped with forage grasses and crotalaria in the Brazilian savanna 巴西稀树草原玉米与饲草和玉米间作提高了土壤肥力、植物营养和大豆和小米的产量
IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-02-03 DOI: 10.1071/CP22251
Lucélia de Cássia Rodrigues de Brito, H. A. Souza, R. B. A. Araújo Neto, D. M. P. Azevedo, E. Sagrilo, R. F. Vogado, Suzane Pereira Carvalho, A. Ferreira, M. Cavigelli
Abstract Context. Intercropping maize with tropical forages is known to provide multiple benefits for the agricultural sustainability in the Brazilian savanna. Despite that, more studies are needed to define strategies to improve soil quality and increase crop yield of subsequent crops. Aims. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of cultivating maize in monoculture or in double- and triple-intercropping with brachiaria and crotalaria on the chemical and microbiological attributes of soil, nutritional status of soybean, and the productivity of soybean and millet in succession in the cerrado of eastern Maranhão. Methods. The intercropping systems implemented in 2017 were as follows: maize (Zea mays) + Urochloa ruzizienses (brachiaria); maize + Crotalaria juncea (crotalaria); maize + brachiaria + crotalaria; and monoculture maize as a control. In 2018 and 2019, soybean and millet were cultivated on the same plots. Key results. The triple-intercropping promoted immediate improvement in the biological and chemical attributes of the soil, especially when compared with monoculture maize. Intercropping maize with brachiaria, with or without crotalaria, increased soybean productivity by 21% and millet by 44% in the subsequent year, compared with monoculture maize system. Intercropping maize with brachiaria, with or without crotalaria, increased the leaf concentrations of nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, and sulfur of the subsequent soybean crop, suggesting improved nutrient cycling with intercropped forages. Conclusions. Intercropping maize + forage, especially brachiaria, can be recommended for crop rotation and succession systems in the Brazilian savanna. Implications. These results quantified the benefits of crop rotation following intercropping with maize and forage, which can be an alternative for farmers in the Brazilian savanna.
抽象的上下文。众所周知,将玉米与热带牧草间作可以为巴西热带稀树草原的农业可持续性提供多种好处。尽管如此,需要更多的研究来确定改善土壤质量和提高后续作物产量的策略。目标摘要本研究旨在评价单作玉米和双作间作玉米对马拉马拉东部塞拉多地区土壤化学和微生物特性、大豆营养状况以及大豆和谷子产量的影响。方法。2017年实施的间作制度为:玉米(Zea mays) +黑尾藻(Urochloa ruziziensis);玉米+黄芥(Crotalaria juncea);玉米+臂蕨+棘蕨;以单一栽培玉米作为对照。2018年和2019年,在同一地块种植大豆和谷子。关键的结果。与单作玉米相比,三次间作立即改善了土壤的生物和化学特性。与单作玉米系统相比,腕足菌间作玉米,不论有无脐裂菌,次年大豆产量提高21%,谷子产量提高44%。间作臂状菌玉米,无论是否间作瓣状菌,均提高了后续大豆作物叶片氮、钾、镁和硫的浓度,表明间作饲料改善了养分循环。结论。在巴西热带稀树草原,可以推荐玉米+饲料间作,特别是腕草,用于作物轮作和演替系统。的影响。这些结果量化了玉米和牧草间作后轮作的效益,这对巴西热带稀树草原的农民来说是一种替代选择。
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引用次数: 0
Allelochemicals extract of star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) modulates wheat growth through alterations in anatomical architecture 星形果实(Averrhoa carambola L.)的等位化学物质提取物通过解剖结构的改变调节小麦生长
IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.1071/CP22373
Syed Mohsan Raza Shah, S. Fatima, M. Hameed, Sana Basharat, M. Ahmad, F. Ahmad, A. Asghar, Majid Anwar, Fozia Yasmin, Muhammad Ashraf, Jazab Shafqat
Abstract Context. Allelopathy is recognised as a potential technology to control weeds, and could also be a suitable approach for enhancement of crop yield. Aims. The study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic role of Averrhoa carambola leaf extract on growth, anatomical and physiological features of three wheat lines, namely 3094, 7076 and A2011. Methods. Three dilutions i.e. 0% (control), 15% and 30% of the leaf aqueous extract were applied at 15 day intervals (total five applications) on wheat lines until maturity. Key results. All wheat lines showed differential behaviour to allelochemicals of A. carambola leaf extract. Increased root area was accompanied by a high proportion of storage parenchyma tissues and enlarged vascular bundles in line 3094. Disintegration of root cortical parenchyma and complete transformation of chlorenchyma into sclerenchyma in stem was recorded in all wheat lines, particularly at the highest concentration of leaf extract. Line 7076 showed very different behaviour, as it possessed a proportionally enlarged root cortex, enlarged stem vascular bundles and increased leaf thickness, primarily at the highest concentration of leaf extract. Line A2011 was relatively more sensitive, indicating a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in root and stem area and deformed leaves. Conclusions. A low concentration (15%) of leaf extract promoted growth and development, whereas a higher concentration caused significant reduction in growth and anatomical attributes. Implications. A lower dose of Averrhoa leaf extract promoted growth and development in all wheat lines, and hence can be used as a growth promoter. A higher concentration is important for eradicating unwanted plants.
抽象上下文。化感作用被认为是一种潜在的杂草控制技术,也是提高作物产量的合适方法。目标。研究了杨桃叶提取物对3094、7076和A2011三个小麦品系生长、解剖和生理特性的化感作用。方法。在小麦品系上每隔15天施用三种稀释液,即0%(对照)、15%和30%的叶水提取物(总共施用五次),直到成熟。关键成果。所有小麦品系对杨桃叶提取物的化感物质表现出不同的行为。根面积的增加伴随着3094品系中高比例的贮藏薄壁组织和增大的维管束。在所有小麦品系中,特别是在叶提取物浓度最高的情况下,都记录到根皮层薄壁组织的分解和茎中的厚壁组织的完全转化。品系7076表现出非常不同的行为,因为它具有成比例增大的根皮层、增大的茎维管束和增加的叶厚度,主要是在最高浓度的叶提取物下。品系A2011相对更敏感,表明根和茎面积以及变形叶片显著减少(P<0.05)。结论。低浓度(15%)的叶提取物促进了生长和发育,而高浓度则导致生长和解剖属性显著降低。含义。较低剂量的Averrhoa叶提取物促进了所有小麦品系的生长和发育,因此可以用作生长促进剂。更高的浓度对根除不需要的植物很重要。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of cyanogenesis on morphology and estimated leaf flavonoid content in 51 white clover accessions 氰化对51份白三叶草形态及叶片类黄酮含量的影响
IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.1071/CP22140
Jennifer Gabriel, N. V. van Dam, Henriette Uthe
Abstract Context. Plant secondary metabolites are of increasing interest for agriculture due to their diverse beneficial ecological functions. The forage crop white clover (Trifolim repens L.) has been intensively studied for its heritable polymorphism in the production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), a toxic defense phytochemical. In fodder production, white clover accessions are selected for biomass production, whereby HCN production is an unwanted trait. Aim. Although white clover is a legume crop species of global importance, little is known about the linkage between cyanogenesis and growth traits, in particular in combination with resistance-related phytochemicals, such as flavonoids. We aimed to identify differences in biomass production, estimated leaf flavonoid content, and trait correlations in cyanogenic (HCN-producing) and acyanogenic (not HCN-producing) individuals and accessions of white clover. Methods. We analysed 51 white clover accessions from a German germplasm collection for variability in selected traits: cyanogenesis as equivalent electrode potential, estimated leaf flavonoid content, root and shoot production, leaf area, specific leaf area, and number of leaves produced. Key results. Most accessions considered as cyanogenic were heterogeneous for HCN production. Chemical–morphological trait correlations differed between cyanogenic and acyanogenic plants. Acyanogenic individuals and accessions produced more and larger leaves compared to cyanogenic ones. Within cyanogenic accessions, the higher the HCN level of a plant, the fewer but larger leaves were produced. Conclusions. Our results highlight the variation in HCN production within the selected accessions, which calls for a consistent approach for cyanogenesis-based categorisation. Implication. This study demonstrates the potential of combining phytochemical traits with biomass production in white clover when selecting material in a breeding program.
抽象的上下文。植物次生代谢物由于具有多种有益的生态功能而越来越受到农业领域的关注。饲料作物白三叶草(Trifolim repens L.)因其产生毒性防御植物化学物质氰化氢(HCN)的遗传多态性而被广泛研究。在饲料生产中,白三叶草被选择用于生物质生产,因此HCN生产是一个不需要的性状。的目标。尽管白三叶草是一种具有全球重要性的豆科作物,但人们对白三叶草发生与生长性状之间的联系知之甚少,特别是与抗性相关的植物化学物质(如黄酮类化合物)的结合。我们的目的是鉴定产氰(产生hcn)和不产氰(不产生hcn)个体和白三叶草的生物量、叶片类黄酮含量和性状相关性的差异。方法。我们分析了51份来自德国种质收集的白三叶草的变异特征:等效电极电位、估计叶片类黄酮含量、根和芽产量、叶面积、比叶面积和叶片产量。关键的结果。大多数被认为是产氰的材料在HCN生产上是异质的。致氰植物与无氰植物的化学形态性状相关性存在差异。无氰个体和材料比有氰个体和材料产生更多更大的叶片。在含氰材料中,植株的HCN水平越高,叶片越少,但叶片越大。结论。我们的研究结果突出了所选植物中HCN产生的变化,这要求采用一致的方法进行基于氰化物生成的分类。暗示。本研究表明,在选育材料时,将植物化学性状与生物量产量相结合是白三叶草育种的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic analysis and identification of QTLs associated with yield-enhancing traits in Oryza sativa IR64 × Oryza glaberrima interspecific backcross populations 水稻IR64×水稻种间回交群体与增产性状相关QTL的遗传分析与鉴定
IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-01-06 DOI: 10.1071/CP22105
Muralidhara Bharamappanavara, Manoj Appaiah Chikkahosahalli, B. Patil, Ajitha Vijjeswarapu, M. S. Anantha, Lokesha Ramappa, J. Diwan, J. Nidagundi, Umesh Rangappa Mathada, Suma Chandrasekhara Talagunda, Lokesh Yellaiah Guddalahalli, Rajanna Byanna, S. Rathod, R. Sundaram, L. V. Subbarao, Mahender Kumar Rapolu, C. Gireesh
ABSTRACT Context. Broadening the gene pool of staple food crops by incorporating desirable genes from wild/relative species is way to achieve higher genetic gains. The African rice species Oryza glaberrima Steud. is a source of genes for genetic improvement of Oryza sativa L. to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Aim. The study was undertaken to identify genomic regions associated with yield and yield-related traits in interspecific backcross mapping populations derived from variety IR64 (O. sativa indica) × O. glaberrima. Methods. The BC1F2 and BC1F2:3 populations were phenotyped for days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of tillers, number of productive tillers, panicle length, spikelet fertility and grain yield under irrigated conditions. The BC1F2 population was genotyped with 99 genome-wide polymorphic SSR markers. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with yield-enhancing traits were identified through single marker analysis. Key results. Significant genetic variability was observed with moderate to high heritability in mapping populations. Genotyping revealed the presence of segregation distortion and skewed genome composition. Single marker analysis identified 20 QTLs linked to the studied traits. A QTL linked to grain yield, qGY-4.1, derived from O. glaberrima was found in both populations with high phenotypic variance. The chromosome region around marker RM510 was identified as a QTL hotspot and putative candidate genes were identified. Conclusions. Our study demonstrates that O. glaberrima can serve as a valuable genetic resource for genetic improvement of yield-enhancing traits in O. sativa cultivars. Implications The identified QTLs regions can be employed in molecular breeding. The promising introgression lines identified can be used as pre-breeding lines in future breeding programs.
抽象的上下文。通过纳入野生/相对物种的优良基因来扩大主粮作物基因库是实现更高遗传收益的途径。非洲稻种glaberrima Steud。是水稻抗各种生物和非生物胁迫遗传改良的基因来源。的目标。本研究旨在鉴定品种IR64 (O. sativa indica) × O. glaberrima种间回交定位群体中与产量和产量相关性状相关的基因组区域。方法。在灌溉条件下,对BC1F2和BC1F2:3群体的开花天数~ 50%、株高、分蘖数、有效分蘖数、穗长、小穗育性和籽粒产量进行表型分析。用99个全基因组多态性SSR标记对BC1F2群体进行基因分型。通过单标记分析,鉴定出与增产性状相关的数量性状位点。关键的结果。在作图群体中观察到显著的遗传变异,遗传力中等至高。基因分型显示存在分离扭曲和基因组组成偏斜。单标记分析鉴定出与所研究性状相关的20个qtl。在两个表型变异较高的群体中均发现了一个与籽粒产量相关的QTL qGY-4.1。标记RM510周围的染色体区域被确定为QTL热点,并确定了可能的候选基因。结论。本研究结果表明,光斑草可作为一种宝贵的遗传资源,用于玉米品种增产性状的遗传改良。意义所鉴定的qtl区域可用于分子育种。鉴定出的有潜力的渐渗系可作为未来育种计划中的预育种系。
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引用次数: 1
Characterisation and evaluation of wheat genetic resources for heat stress tolerance using stay-green traits 利用保持绿色性状对小麦耐热性遗传资源进行鉴定与评价
IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-01-06 DOI: 10.1071/CP22119
A. Soni, R. Munjal
ABSTRACT Context. Post-anthesis heat stress is a major concern for wheat. Stay-green (SG) can serve as a crucial marker for plant adaptation to it. Though genetic resources provide an invaluable gene pool for crop breeding, collections are still uncharacterised and their potential is yet to be explored. Aim. This study was planned to characterise and evaluate wheat genetic resources, including wild germplasm, for heat stress tolerance using SG traits as selection criteria. Methods. Experiment was conducted with thirty wheat genotypes under late and very late sown environments for 2 years. Genotypes were assessed for SG traits like Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil Plant Analysis Development Chlorophyll Meter Reading (SCMR), Leaf Senescence Rate (LSR), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), canopy temperature (CT), phenological traits, morphological traits, yield and its attributes; and characterised into three categories viz., slow senescing, intermediate senescing and fast senescing, based on their rate of senescence. Key results. Results indicate that slow-senescing genotypes had a significantly higher NDVI, SCMR and yield as compared to fast-senescing genotypes. NDVI, SCMR, Fv/Fm, days to heading, days to anthesis, days to maturity, grain weight per spike, 100-grain weight and biomass were significantly positively correlated whereas LSR and CT were significantly negatively correlated with grain yield. From the principal component analysis studies, it was revealed that genotypes with a high SCMR, a low LSR, and a high grain yield were placed together as SG genotypes. Conclusions. This study confirms that genotypes with SG traits performed better under heat stress. Implications. From the wild, genotypes HTW 11 (W), HTW 67 (W) and HTW 6 (W) can be utilised for heat tolerance breedings.
抽象的上下文。花后热应激是小麦的主要问题。Stay-green (SG)可以作为植物对其适应的重要标志。尽管遗传资源为作物育种提供了一个宝贵的基因库,但这些资源仍然没有被描述,它们的潜力还有待探索。的目标。本研究计划以SG性状为选择标准,对小麦遗传资源(包括野生种质)进行耐热性鉴定和评价。方法。用30个小麦基因型在晚播和晚播环境下进行了为期2年的试验。评估SG性状的基因型,包括归一化植被指数(NDVI)、土壤植物分析发育叶绿素读数(SCMR)、叶片衰老率(LSR)、叶绿素荧光(Fv/Fm)、冠层温度(CT)、物候性状、形态性状、产量及其属性;并根据衰老的速度将其分为缓慢衰老、中间衰老和快速衰老三大类。关键的结果。结果表明,与快速衰老基因型相比,慢衰老基因型具有更高的NDVI、SCMR和产量。NDVI、SCMR、Fv/Fm、抽穗天数、花期天数、成熟期天数、穗粒重、百粒重和生物量与产量呈极显著正相关,LSR和CT与产量呈极显著负相关。主成分分析表明,具有高SCMR、低LSR和高产量的基因型被归为SG基因型。结论。本研究证实,具有SG性状的基因型在热胁迫下表现较好。的影响。htw11 (W)、htw67 (W)和htw6 (W)基因型可用于野生耐热育种。
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引用次数: 2
Genetic monitoring of Indian rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars over decadal periods employing gene-specific markers and yield component traits 利用基因特异性标记和产量组成性状对印度水稻品种进行年代际遗传监测
IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-01-06 DOI: 10.1071/CP22240
K. Maneesha, Mondem Bhargavi, D. M. Withanawasam, Penumalli Shanthi, Madhavi L. Kommana, Keerthi Issa, Lavanya Kumari Padherla, Roja Veeraghattapu, Md. Aminul Islam, B. Tanti, Sudhakar Palagiri, L. R. Vemireddy
Abstract Context. Regular genetic monitoring of rice diversity provides informed direction for plant breeders when selecting parents in breeding programs. Aims. The investigation was conducted to assess the trends of decade-wise genetic diversity in popular Indian rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. Methods. We screened 62 genotypes including popular rice varieties released from the 1970s to 2010s in India along with landraces, using gene-specific markers and some of the key yield and yield-contributing traits. Key results. Using gene-specific markers, genetic diversity has shown a downward trend from landraces to the 2010s. Qualitative analysis revealed that more alleles were present in landraces than released varieties. The disappearance of alleles was prominently observed in varieties released in the 1970s and even more so in the 2010s, which suggests that present-day cultivars are losing several valuable alleles of the key yield genes. Genetic diversity assessed using phenotypic data also exhibited a downward trend towards the 2010s. Molecular and phenotypic data on genetic diversity were used to group the rice genotypes, revealing that genotypes with common parents grouped together. Conclusions. Genetic diversity has shown a downward trend from landraces to the 2010s, as assessed using both gene-specific markers and phenotypic data, although with slight deviations among various decades. Implications. This study reinforces the fact that assessment of temporal trends in genetic diversity at regular intervals is warranted to meet future food demands while conserving on-farm crop diversity.
抽象上下文。对水稻多样性的定期遗传监测为植物育种家在育种计划中选择亲本提供了明智的指导。目标。本研究旨在评估印度流行水稻(Oryza sativa L.)基因型的十年遗传多样性趋势。方法。我们使用基因特异性标记和一些关键的产量和产量贡献性状,筛选了62种基因型,包括20世纪70年代至2010年代在印度发布的流行水稻品种以及地方品种。关键成果。使用基因特异性标记,从地方种族到2010年代,遗传多样性呈下降趋势。定性分析显示,地方品种中存在的等位基因比已发布的品种多。在20世纪70年代发布的品种中,显著观察到等位基因的消失,在2010年代更是如此,这表明当今的品种正在失去关键产量基因的几个有价值的等位基因。使用表型数据评估的遗传多样性在2010年代也呈下降趋势。利用遗传多样性的分子和表型数据对水稻基因型进行分组,揭示了具有共同亲本的基因型组合在一起。结论。根据基因特异性标记和表型数据的评估,从地方品种到2010年代,遗传多样性呈下降趋势,尽管在不同的几十年中略有偏差。含义。这项研究强化了这样一个事实,即有必要定期评估遗传多样性的时间趋势,以满足未来的粮食需求,同时保护农场作物的多样性。
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引用次数: 0
Genotype-dependent responses of Andean and Coastal quinoa to plant population density for yield and its physiological determinants in Northwest Argentina 阿根廷西北部安第斯和沿海藜麦种群密度对产量及其生理决定因素的基因型依赖性响应
IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/cp23040
J. J. Agüero, M. Acreche, S. Sühring, H. Bertero, R. N. Curti
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引用次数: 0
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Crop & Pasture Science
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