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Induction of regulatory mechanisms by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in crops facing drought stress 植物生长促进菌在干旱胁迫下对作物调控机制的诱导
IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1071/CP22263
Sundas Tanveer, N. Ilyas, N. Akhtar, R. Sayyed, W. Almalki
ABSTRACT Climate change and global warming are leading to severe drought stress, causing damage to crops in different regions of the world. Drought stress is an abiotic stress that interferes with major metabolic pathways, influencing mainly morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters of plants, ultimately resulting in decreased growth and yield of crops. Plants should be able to utilise available moisture efficiently, and there is a need to focus on organic and eco-friendly methods for improving crops facing drought stress. A practical approach for enhancing growth and development under stressful conditions is the application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), soil microbes that help plants to cope with extreme ecological conditions. This review aims to highlight the function of various PGPR metabolites that help to mitigate water-deficit conditions. These microbes exist naturally in the rhizosphere of plants, and they enhance plant growth by several direct mechanisms such as aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase and osmolyte production, secretion of exopolysaccharides and phytohormones, triggering of antioxidant defence mechanisms against reactive oxygen species and production of volatile organic compounds, as well as by indirect mechanisms including enhancing induced systemic resistance and pathogen suppression. This review recommends the use of PGPR for improving growth and development of crops under drought stress and supports their role as effective and sustainable bioinoculants for enhancing the growth and production of crops.
摘要气候变化和全球变暖正在导致严重的干旱压力,对世界不同地区的作物造成损害。干旱胁迫是一种干扰主要代谢途径的非生物胁迫,主要影响植物的形态、生理和生化参数,最终导致作物生长和产量下降。植物应该能够有效利用可用的水分,有必要专注于有机和环保的方法来改善面临干旱胁迫的作物。在胁迫条件下促进生长发育的一种实用方法是应用植物生长促进根际细菌(PGPR),这是一种帮助植物应对极端生态条件的土壤微生物。本综述旨在强调各种PGPR代谢产物的功能,这些代谢产物有助于缓解缺水状况。这些微生物自然存在于植物根际,它们通过几种直接机制促进植物生长,如氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸脱氨酶和渗透液的产生、胞外多糖和植物激素的分泌、对活性氧的抗氧化防御机制的触发和挥发性有机化合物的产生,以及通过包括增强诱导的系统抗性和病原体抑制在内的间接机制。这篇综述建议使用PGPR来改善干旱胁迫下作物的生长发育,并支持其作为有效和可持续的生物接种剂来促进作物的生长和生产。
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引用次数: 0
Response of canola and cereals to amendment of subsurface soil acidity and a hardpan 油菜籽和谷物对地下土壤酸度修正和硬化土的响应
IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1071/cp23009
M. Conyers, J. Moroni, G. Poile, A. Oates, Richard J Lowrie, A. Swan, J. Angus, M. Peoples, P. Hamblin, J. Kirkegaard
ABSTRACT Context. Limitations to crop yield due to subsurface (5–15 cm depth) compaction layers (>2 MPa) and subsurface acidity (pHCa <4.8) have frequently been reported on the non-sodic soils of south-eastern Australia, but amendment studies have been limited in number and inconsistent in the extent and longevity of any response. Aim. We tested the hypothesis that amendment of subsurface acidity and compaction would lead to increased grain yield. Method. We investigated crop response to the alleviation of these combined subsurface soil constraints by using deep ripping and dry limestone injection to 30 cm depth over 3 years in a canola–cereal sequence. Key results. Deep tillage and injection of limestone into the soil both failed to produce significant grain yield responses in any year, despite the reduction of soil strength and increase in pH in subsurface layers. Early vegetative growth sometimes responded to the treatments, but the loss of stored soil water during drier than average seasons appeared to limit grain response. However, we also observed that a proportion of plant roots penetrated these relatively thin constraint layers in unamended soils. Conclusions. Amelioration of subsurface acidity and compaction does not necessarily increase grain yield. Implications. The effects of subsurface acidity and compaction should be tested on other species and during varying rainfall deciles. Given the potentially large resource requirements for deep amendment of soils, we propose that the selection of tolerant species and cultivars might be more effective in the short term.
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引用次数: 0
Agronomic responses and herbage nutritive value of elephant grass (Cenchrus purpureus) genotypes grown as monocrops and mixed with butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) 象草单作与蝶豆混作基因型的农艺反应及牧草营养价值
IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-04-21 DOI: 10.1071/cp22397
P. H. F. Silva, M. V. D. Santos, A. C. L. de Mello, T. B. S. Silva, D. E. S. Neto, V. J. da Silva, J. Dubeux, J. J. Coêlho, E. Souza, M. V. da Cunha
ABSTRACT Context. Introducing legumes into grass-based forage systems may increase herbage nutritive value while reducing the need for inorganic nitrogen fertilisation. Grass–legume intercrops may also enhance herbage yield stability. Aim. We evaluated agronomic and nutritional traits of elephant grass (Cenchrus purpureus Schum.) genotypes grown as monocrops and mixed with butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.). Methods. Elephant grass genotypes, two tall (Elephant B and IRI-381) and two dwarf (Mott and Taiwan A-146 2.37), were grown as monocultures or intercropped with butterfly pea in a 2-year trial. Herbage accumulation, yield stability, botanical composition and chemical/bromatological variables were evaluated. Key results. Herbage accumulation was highest (P < 0.001) in Elephant B under monocropping (21.9 t/ha.year); however, this treatment revealed the lowest yield stability over harvest times (σi2 5.59). All intercrops were more stable than grass monocrops (mean σi2 0.66 vs 2.55). Higher (P < 0.001) concentrations of herbage crude protein were found in intercrops than monocrops (mean 113 vs 90 g/kg). Intercrop herbage lignin contents (mean 57 g/kg) and protein fraction C (mean 61 g/kg) were higher than those in monocrops. Dwarf Mott had higher (P = 0.001) digestible dry matter concentration than dwarf Taiwan (755 vs 745 g/kg). Conclusions. Dwarf Mott genotype has outstanding nutritive value because of its higher leaf:stem ratio. Butterfly pea legume added to elephant grass crop in cut-and-carry systems improves herbage yield stability by reducing seasonal effects. Implications. Intercropping butterfly pea in grass-based systems enhances yield stability, allowing herbage harvest with good nutritive value.
{"title":"Agronomic responses and herbage nutritive value of elephant grass (Cenchrus purpureus) genotypes grown as monocrops and mixed with butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea)","authors":"P. H. F. Silva, M. V. D. Santos, A. C. L. de Mello, T. B. S. Silva, D. E. S. Neto, V. J. da Silva, J. Dubeux, J. J. Coêlho, E. Souza, M. V. da Cunha","doi":"10.1071/cp22397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/cp22397","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Context. Introducing legumes into grass-based forage systems may increase herbage nutritive value while reducing the need for inorganic nitrogen fertilisation. Grass–legume intercrops may also enhance herbage yield stability. Aim. We evaluated agronomic and nutritional traits of elephant grass (Cenchrus purpureus Schum.) genotypes grown as monocrops and mixed with butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.). Methods. Elephant grass genotypes, two tall (Elephant B and IRI-381) and two dwarf (Mott and Taiwan A-146 2.37), were grown as monocultures or intercropped with butterfly pea in a 2-year trial. Herbage accumulation, yield stability, botanical composition and chemical/bromatological variables were evaluated. Key results. Herbage accumulation was highest (P < 0.001) in Elephant B under monocropping (21.9 t/ha.year); however, this treatment revealed the lowest yield stability over harvest times (σi2 5.59). All intercrops were more stable than grass monocrops (mean σi2 0.66 vs 2.55). Higher (P < 0.001) concentrations of herbage crude protein were found in intercrops than monocrops (mean 113 vs 90 g/kg). Intercrop herbage lignin contents (mean 57 g/kg) and protein fraction C (mean 61 g/kg) were higher than those in monocrops. Dwarf Mott had higher (P = 0.001) digestible dry matter concentration than dwarf Taiwan (755 vs 745 g/kg). Conclusions. Dwarf Mott genotype has outstanding nutritive value because of its higher leaf:stem ratio. Butterfly pea legume added to elephant grass crop in cut-and-carry systems improves herbage yield stability by reducing seasonal effects. Implications. Intercropping butterfly pea in grass-based systems enhances yield stability, allowing herbage harvest with good nutritive value.","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":"712 1","pages":"1210 - 1222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58706094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Defoliation management and nitrogen fertiliser rate affect canopy structural traits of grazed guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus) cv. Zuri under rotational stocking 落叶管理和氮肥施用量对放牧豚草冠层结构性状的影响。Zuri轮放养
IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-04-21 DOI: 10.1071/cp22388
Otávio Goulart de Almeida, C. Pedreira, Juliana Aparecida de Assis, B. Pedreira, F. J. Gomes, R. Nave
ABSTRACT Context. Defoliation management by grazing or clipping, combined with nitrogen (N) fertilisation, can increase forage production in tropical grasses. Use of pasture canopy height as a practical tool for monitoring forage mass and accumulation has been proposed because of the relationship between height and canopy light interception. However, this relationship can vary due to variations in canopy structural changes and N supply. Aims. Our objectives were to study canopy structural responses and forage accumulation of grazed Zuri guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus) under rotational stocking. Methods. Combinations of two pre-graze canopy heights (55 and 75 cm) and two N fertilisation rates (150 and 300 kg N ha−1 year−1) were used during two consecutive years. Cattle grazed the pastures to 50% of pre-graze height. Key results. Regardless of N rate, pastures managed at 75 cm always reached 95% light interception at pre-graze. The 55 cm/300 kg N pastures underwent structural changes such as greater leaf proportion, tiller population density and specific leaf area, and smaller mean foliage angle, which resulted in 95% light interception at pre-graze. Forage accumulation was 20% greater for 75 cm pastures (22 120 kg DM ha−1 year−1) than 55 cm pastures. Pastures receiving 300 kg N ha−1 year−1 had 38% greater forage accumulation than those receiving 150 kg N ha−1 year−1. Conclusion. Zuri guineagrass pastures should be defoliated when canopy height reaches 75 cm owing to greater forage accumulation, but can be grazed at 55 cm when N is applied at 300 kg ha−1 year−1. Implications. Zuri guineagrass can be managed with shorter pre-graze canopy height; when grazed at 55 cm and with 300 kg N ha−1 year−1, there is no negative effect on forage accumulation, allowing for shorter rest periods.
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引用次数: 0
Agronomic, phytochemical and drought tolerance evaluation of Iranian cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) ecotypes under different soil moisture levels: a step towards identifying pharmaceutical and industrial populations 不同土壤水分水平下伊朗大麻(cannabis sativa L.)生态型的农艺、植物化学和耐旱性评价:确定制药和工业种群的一个步骤
IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.1071/cp22212
Sadegh Asadi, H. Moghaddam, H. Naghdi Badi, M. Naghavi, S. A. Salami
ABSTRACT Context. Cannabis is a herbaceous annual plant that belongs to the Cannabaceae family, which is used in the production of fibre, paper, oil and pharmaceutical products. Aims. The aim of this study was to identify drought-tolerant ecotypes and medicinal and industrial populations. Methods. Due to the medicinal and industrial importance of cannabis, 12 cannabis ecotypes were collected from different regions of Iran. Then, their agronomic and phytochemical characteristics were evaluated under different soil moisture conditions. Key results. The soil moisture levels had significant effects (P < 0.01) on the studied traits except for the 1000 seed weight. Based on duration of the growth period, the Tabas and Dasht-e-Moghan ecotypes were identified as early and late maturing ecotypes, respectively. Also, the highest stem dry weight and stem height/diameter ratio and the lowest seed yield were related to the Dasht-e-Moghan ecotype, which is valuable for fibre production. Based on seed yield (relative reduction) and some tolerance indexes, the Tabas and Tabrize ecotypes were shown to be the most tolerant and sensitive ecotypes, respectively. As soil moisture decreased, tetrahydrocannabinol levels increased and cannabidiol levels decreased. The highest amount of tetrahydrocannabinol was related to the Qom ecotype at 50% soil moisture and the highest amount of cannabidiol was related to the Rasht ecotype at 100% soil moisture. Conclusions. Generally, these ecotypes had different responses to soil moisture. Some ecotypes were valuable in terms of the production of pharmaceutical metabolites and some in terms of fibre production. Implications. Tolerant and sensitive ecotypes might be considered in production and also breeding programs.
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引用次数: 0
Flowering responses of serradella (Ornithopus spp.) and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) to vernalisation and photoperiod and their role in maturity type determination and flowering date stability 鸟菜(Ornithopus spp.)和地下三叶草(Trifolium subterraneum L.)对春化和光周期的开花响应及其在成熟类型确定和花期稳定性中的作用
IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-04-06 DOI: 10.1071/CP22366
Laura Goward, R. Haling, Rowan W. Smith, B. Penrose, R. Simpson
ABSTRACT Context. Serradellas (Ornithopus spp.) are promising alternative annual legumes to subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), for permanent, temperate pastures. However, many cultivars exhibit unstable flowering dates across years. This is a risk for seed production and persistence. Aim. This study assessed how vernalisation and photoperiod cues determine maturity type and flowering date stability among serradella cultivars. Methods. First flower appearance was recorded for early and late maturing cultivars of yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus L.), French serradella (Ornithopus sativus Brot.) and subterranean clover after exposure to six vernalisation treatments (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 weeks at 5°C) with subsequent growth under four photoperiods (8, 12, 16 or 20 h). Key results. ‘Intrinsic earliness’ differed by only zero to three nodes for cultivars within species, indicating that maturity type was determined primarily by a cultivar’s responses to vernalisation and photoperiod. An interaction between these responses was observed, with a precipitous decline in the requirement for vernalisation when photoperiods exceeded 12 h. Many cultivars also displayed a persistent component to their vernalisation response, whereby long photoperiods (20 h) did not completely negate the response to vernalisation. Conclusions. Later maturity was associated particularly with need for long exposure to the vernalisation treatment to minimise the duration from sowing to first flower appearance. Stable flowering is more likely when a cultivar has components of its vernalisation requirement that are not satisfied before autumn ends to prevent premature flowering, and a photoperiod response in spring that overrides any unmet vernalisation requirement. Implications. Persistence by serradella cultivars requires selection for suitable responsiveness to vernalisation and photoperiod.
抽象的上下文。Serradellas (Ornithopus spp.)是一种很有前途的一年生豆科植物,可以替代地下三叶草(Trifolium subterraneum L.),用于永久的温带牧场。然而,许多品种的开花日期不稳定。这对种子的生产和持久存在风险。的目标。本研究评估了春化和光周期线索如何决定塞拉菜品种的成熟度类型和开花日期稳定性。方法。实验记录了早熟和晚熟的黄serradella (Ornithopus compressus L.)、法国serradella (Ornithopus sativus Brot.)和地下三叶草品种在暴露于6个春化处理(0、1、3、5、7或9周,温度为5°C)后,在4个光周期(8、12、16或20 h)下的首次开花。不同品种的“内在早熟性”差异仅为0到3个节点,这表明成熟度类型主要取决于品种对春化和光周期的反应。这些反应之间存在相互作用,当光周期超过12小时时,对春化的需求急剧下降。许多品种的春化反应也表现出持久的成分,因此长光周期(20小时)并没有完全否定对春化的反应。结论。晚熟尤其需要长时间暴露在春化处理中,以尽量减少从播种到第一次开花的持续时间。当一个品种的春化要求的成分在秋季结束之前没有得到满足,以防止过早开花,并且春天的光周期反应超过了任何未满足的春化要求时,稳定开花的可能性更大。的影响。塞拉菌品种的持久性需要选择对春化和光周期的适当响应。
{"title":"Flowering responses of serradella (Ornithopus spp.) and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) to vernalisation and photoperiod and their role in maturity type determination and flowering date stability","authors":"Laura Goward, R. Haling, Rowan W. Smith, B. Penrose, R. Simpson","doi":"10.1071/CP22366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/CP22366","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Context. Serradellas (Ornithopus spp.) are promising alternative annual legumes to subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), for permanent, temperate pastures. However, many cultivars exhibit unstable flowering dates across years. This is a risk for seed production and persistence. Aim. This study assessed how vernalisation and photoperiod cues determine maturity type and flowering date stability among serradella cultivars. Methods. First flower appearance was recorded for early and late maturing cultivars of yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus L.), French serradella (Ornithopus sativus Brot.) and subterranean clover after exposure to six vernalisation treatments (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 weeks at 5°C) with subsequent growth under four photoperiods (8, 12, 16 or 20 h). Key results. ‘Intrinsic earliness’ differed by only zero to three nodes for cultivars within species, indicating that maturity type was determined primarily by a cultivar’s responses to vernalisation and photoperiod. An interaction between these responses was observed, with a precipitous decline in the requirement for vernalisation when photoperiods exceeded 12 h. Many cultivars also displayed a persistent component to their vernalisation response, whereby long photoperiods (20 h) did not completely negate the response to vernalisation. Conclusions. Later maturity was associated particularly with need for long exposure to the vernalisation treatment to minimise the duration from sowing to first flower appearance. Stable flowering is more likely when a cultivar has components of its vernalisation requirement that are not satisfied before autumn ends to prevent premature flowering, and a photoperiod response in spring that overrides any unmet vernalisation requirement. Implications. Persistence by serradella cultivars requires selection for suitable responsiveness to vernalisation and photoperiod.","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":"74 1","pages":"769 - 782"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45034446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Phosphorus responses of Trifolium pallescens and T. occidentale, the progenitors of white clover (T. repens) 白三叶草(T. repens)的祖先白三叶(Trifolium pallescens)和西三叶草(T. occidentale)对磷的响应
IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-04-04 DOI: 10.1071/CP22254
S. Nichols, J. Crush, V. Cave, W. Williams
ABSTRACT Context. Rock phosphate reserves are decreasing, and requirements to mitigate environmental impacts of farming soils with excess phosphorus (P) are increasing. Aims. White clover is an allotetraploid hybrid between Trifolium pallescens and T. occidentale. Understanding the P response characteristics of these progenitor species will allow selection of germplasm for development of synthetic white clovers with improved phosphorus-use efficiency (PUE). Methods. Shoot and root weights and P nutrition characteristics were compared for three Trifolium pallescens, six T. occidentale accessions, and a white clover cultivar in a glasshouse experiment using a low P soil amended with five rates of P. Key results. White clover had the highest and most P responsive shoot and root dry weights (DW), and T. pallescens was least responsive to P. In the highest P treatment, T. pallescens had the highest shoot and root %P and the lowest shoot DW:total plant P ratio. There was significant variation among progenitor accessions. Spanish accessions of T. occidentale had comparable shoot DW to white clover and higher PUE. Traits of T. pallescens indicated strong adaptation to low P but low productivity, while traits of T. occidentale were more aligned with the white clover cultivar. Conclusions. The substantial variation in P nutrition characteristics within the progenitor species of white clover could be exploited in breeding programs. Implications. Comparing the P responses of a wider range of progenitor accessions could inform breeding to improve white clover’s low soil P tolerance through development of synthetic white clovers.
抽象的上下文。磷矿储量正在减少,减轻农业土壤中磷含量过高对环境影响的需求正在增加。目标白三叶草是白三叶草和西方三叶草的异源四倍体杂种。了解这些祖先种对磷的响应特性,将有助于选育具有更高磷利用效率的合成白三叶草种质。方法。在低磷土壤中施用5种磷,比较了3株淡三叶草、6株西洋三叶草和1株白三叶草的地上部和根系质量及磷营养特性。白三叶草对磷的响应最高,根系干重(DW)响应最大,而白三叶草对磷的响应最小。在高磷处理下,白三叶草的茎部和根系P %最高,茎部DW:植株全磷比最低。各祖系间差异显著。西洋草西班牙供种的茎部重与白三叶相当,PUE较高。白三叶草的性状表现出较强的低磷适应性,而西三叶草的性状则更接近于白三叶草品种。结论。白三叶草祖先种间磷营养特性的显著差异可在育种规划中加以利用。的影响。比较不同祖先品种对磷的响应,可以为培育合成白三叶草提供参考,提高白三叶草对低磷土壤的耐受性。
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引用次数: 0
Overexpression of rice acyl-CoA-binding protein OsACBP5 protects Brassica napus against seedling infection by fungal phytopathogens 水稻酰基辅酶a结合蛋白OsACBP5的过表达可保护甘蓝型油菜免受真菌植物病原体的侵染
IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.1071/CP22347
Saritha Panthapulakkal Narayanan, A. Alahakoon, C. Elliott, D. Russell, P. Taylor, Clive Lo, M. Chye
Abstract Context. Class III acyl-CoA-binding proteins such as those from dicots (Arabidopsis and grapevine) play a role in defence against biotrophic pathogens. The overexpression of the monocot Oryza sativa (rice) OsACBP5 in Arabidopsis and rice has been demonstrated to enhance broad-spectrum disease resistance against selected phytopathogens in OsACBP5-overexpressing (OsACBP5-OE) lines. Aims. We aimed to develop transgenic rapid-cycling Brassica napus (B. napus-RC) and canola cv. Westar OsACBP5-OEs using tissue culture-based Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and to evaluate transgenic plants for resistance against Alternaria blight, blackleg and Sclerotinia rot diseases. Methods. Transgenic B. napus-RC and cv. Westar OsACBP5-OEs were generated through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 harbouring a plasmid with the rice complementary DNA encoding OsACBP5 driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Alternaria blight and blackleg pathogen assays were based on infecting young cotyledons, while detached leaf assay was used to test the tolerance of B. napus plants toward Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Key results. Average transformation efficiencies of 24.2% and 29.1% were obtained for B. napus-RC and B. napus cv. Westar cotyledons respectively. OsACBP5-OE plants exhibited resistance 5 days after inoculation with Alternaria brassicae, 12 days after inoculation with Leptosphaeria maculans, and 24 h after inoculation with S. sclerotiorum. Conclusions. Transformation of B. napus-RC was shown herein to be an effective trait testing platform for canola. This study also provides an insight into the usefulness of OsACBP5 in enhancing resistance to necrotrophic phytopathogens. Implications. OsACBP5 can be overexpressed in other crops to generate pathogen-resistant varieties.
抽象的上下文。III类酰基辅酶a结合蛋白,如来自菊苣(拟南芥和葡萄藤)的蛋白,在防御生物营养病原体方面发挥作用。在拟南芥和水稻中,单子叶OsACBP5的过表达(OsACBP5- oe)已被证明可以增强OsACBP5-过表达(OsACBP5- oe)系对特定植物病原体的广谱抗性。目标我们的目的是培育转基因快速循环的甘蓝型油菜(B. napus- rc)和油菜。Westar OsACBP5-OEs利用农杆菌介导的组织培养转化并评价转基因植物对疫病、黑腿病和腐核病的抗性。方法。转基因甘蓝型双歧杆菌rc和cv。Westar OsACBP5- oes是通过农杆菌介导的转化产生的,农杆菌菌株LBA4404含有水稻互补DNA编码OsACBP5的质粒,由花椰菜花叶病毒35S启动子驱动。油菜疫病和黑腿病的病原菌检测方法基于侵染幼嫩子叶,离体叶片检测方法用于检测油菜对菌核菌的耐受性。关键的结果。甘蓝型油菜- rc和甘蓝型油菜cv的平均转化效率分别为24.2%和29.1%。分别为西星子叶。OsACBP5-OE植株在接种油菜互花孢菌5 d、黄斑钩带绦虫12 d、菌核葡萄球菌24 h后均表现出抗性。结论。油菜B. napus-RC的转化是油菜有效的性状检测平台。该研究还揭示了OsACBP5在增强对坏死性植物病原体的抗性方面的作用。的影响。OsACBP5可以在其他作物中过表达,从而产生抗病品种。
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引用次数: 0
Digital agriculture in Europe and in France: which organisations can boost adoption levels? 欧洲和法国的数字农业:哪些组织可以提高采用率?
IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.1071/CP22065
V. Bellon-Maurel, Isabelle Piot-Lepetit, N. Lachia, B. Tisseyre
ABSTRACT This paper presents the way the digital transformation of the agricultural sector is implemented in Europe and in France. It describes the main European and national strategies, the structure of research and innovation initiatives, and the investment in capacity building to foster innovation, adoption and use. More specifically, the French research and innovation ecosystem on digital agriculture is described. The actors involved come from different organisations, such as research and higher educational institutes, government agencies, agricultural technology (AgTech) companies, farmer unions etc., and work together by means of associations (e.g. Robagri), networks (e.g. RMT Naexus, DigiFermes, Fermes Leader), or living labs (e.g. Occitanum) on both digital technology assessment and co-design. Additionally, support is devoted to capacity building (e.g. Le Mas numérique, Mobilab) and a better understanding of the drivers of adoption and use of digital technologies (e.g. FrOCDA). Among these various organisations, #DigitAg, the Digital Agriculture Convergence Lab, has been created to foster interdisciplinary research on digital agriculture. All these initiatives aim to use digital technologies to support the European Green Deal, Farm-to-Fork and Biodiversity strategies as well as the French orientation towards more agroecological practices for safer and more sustainable food systems. Even though this organisational ecosystem is developing fast, the objective of encouraging the coevolution of both digital and green transformations is not without challenges that still need to be overcome, either through new research, innovations, initiatives or collaborations between the actors involved.
摘要本文介绍了欧洲和法国农业部门数字化转型的实施方式。它描述了欧洲和国家的主要战略、研究和创新举措的结构,以及促进创新、采用和使用的能力建设投资。更具体地说,介绍了法国关于数字农业的研究和创新生态系统。参与者来自不同的组织,如研究和高等教育机构、政府机构、农业技术公司、农民工会等,并通过协会(如Robagri)、网络(如RMT Naexus、DigiFermes、Fermes Leader)或生活实验室(如Occitanum)在数字技术评估和联合设计方面开展合作。此外,还致力于能力建设(如Le Mas numérique、Mobilab)和更好地了解采用和使用数字技术的驱动因素(如FrOCDA)。在这些不同的组织中,数字农业融合实验室#DigitAg的成立是为了促进数字农业的跨学科研究。所有这些举措旨在利用数字技术支持欧洲绿色协议、从农场到餐桌和生物多样性战略,以及法国为实现更安全、更可持续的粮食系统而采取的更多农业生态做法。尽管这一组织生态系统发展迅速,但鼓励数字化和绿色转型共同进化的目标并非没有挑战,无论是通过新的研究、创新、举措还是参与者之间的合作,都需要克服这些挑战。
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引用次数: 2
Light competition is the key factor determining spatio-temporal variability in legume proportion within Marandu palisadegrass–forage peanut mixed pastures 光竞争是决定马兰杜栅栏-饲草-花生混合牧场内豆类比例时空变异的关键因素
IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.1071/CP22134
Paola P. Spasiani, B. Homem, I. G. Lima, B. C. Guimarães, E. Medeiros, J. Muir, M. S. Oliveira, R. Boddey, D. R. Casagrande
ABSTRACT Context. Understanding ecology in grass–legume pastures can help support strategies aimed at maintaining canopy stability in terms of botanical composition. Aims. This 2-year study evaluated spatial variability, focusing on plant structural characteristics in a Marandu palisadegrass [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster cv. Marandu]–forage peanut (Arachis pintoi Krapov. and W.C. Greg. cv. BRS Mandobi) mixed canopy under grazing in continuous stocking management. Methods. The pasture was managed with canopy height of 20–25 cm. The experimental area had a permanent sample grid containing 50 pre-established and georeferenced plots. Principal component analysis was performed, and spatial dependence structure of the first principal component and structural variables were separately characterised by geostatistical analysis. Key results. There was spatial dependence of the structural characteristics, with marked spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of all variables. Taller grass canopies caused competition for light between species, reducing legume contribution and inducing more erect forage peanut growth habit. Conversely, in areas with lower grass canopy height, forage peanut botanical composition increased to up to 70%, as it propagated more effectively by stoloniferous propagation. Conclusions. The canopy structure spatial variability of a Marandu palisadegrass–forage peanut mixed pasture determines the overall average pasture grass/legume proportion. In regions with taller canopies, Marandu palisadegrass was favoured, while in areas with shorter canopy, forage peanut proportion was promoted. Satisfactory legume proportions can be reached in the canopy despite areas with reduced legume contribution. Implications. Our findings using geostatistical techniques facilitate the development of useful and innovative tools allowing better comprehension for the management of mixed pastures.
抽象的上下文。了解禾本科豆科牧草的生态学可以帮助支持在植物组成方面维持冠层稳定性的策略。目标这项为期2年的研究评估了空间变异性,重点研究了马兰度草(Urochloa brizantha, Hochst.)的植物结构特征。例A.里奇。)韦伯斯特简历。[马兰杜]-饲料花生(花生)和W.C.格雷格。简历。放牧条件下混合林冠的连续放养管理。方法。草地的冠层高度为20 ~ 25 cm。实验区有一个永久的样本网格,包含50个预先建立的和地理参考的地块。进行主成分分析,通过地统计分析分别表征第一主成分和结构变量的空间依赖结构。关键的结果。结构特征具有空间依赖性,各变量分布具有明显的空间异质性。较高的草冠层引起了种间的光竞争,减少了豆科植物的贡献,诱导了更直立的饲用花生生长习性。相反,在草冠层高度较低的地区,饲草花生的植物组成增加了70%,这是因为它通过匍匐茎繁殖更有效。结论。马兰度栅栏-草食-花生混合草场的冠层结构空间变异性决定了牧草/豆科植物的总体平均比例。在冠层较高的地区,有利于种植马兰度围栏草,在冠层较短的地区,有利于提高饲用花生比例。尽管豆科植物贡献减少,但在冠层中仍能达到满意的豆科植物比例。的影响。我们使用地质统计学技术的研究结果促进了有用和创新工具的发展,从而更好地理解混合牧场的管理。
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Crop & Pasture Science
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