Context Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) is one of the diseases that seriously affect soybean yield, leading to heavy losses all over the world. A well-known SSR resistant variety is ‘Maple Arrow’.Aims In this study, transcriptome sequencing analysis of resistant variety ‘Maple Arrow’ and susceptible variety ‘Hefeng25’ was conducted to understand the resistance mechanism of resistant and susceptible soybean varieties to SSR and to look for candidate genes.Methods RNA sequencing of Maple Arrow and Hefeng25 generated 75.09GB and 64.97GB clean readings, respectively. In total, 417 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found among the different comparable groups. Gene ontology enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis and haplotype analysis were performed for genes with different expression levels in Maple Arrow and Hefeng25.Key results It was found that DEGs from Maple Arrow and Hefeng25 were involved in the regulation of ‘oxidation–reduction process’, ‘regulation of transcription’, ‘amino acid metabolism’, ‘methylation’ and ‘membrane’, ‘integral component of membrane’ and ‘epidermal growth-factor receptor substrate 15’. In total, 31 haplotypes of 12 genes were screened out with significant or extremely significant differences among soybeans with different levels of SSR resistance.Conclusions These genes may be involved in the relevant pathways of soybean sclerotiniose.Implications To provide excellent gene resources for further disease-resistance breeding.
{"title":"Transcriptome analysis showed the metabolic pathway of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in resistant and susceptible soybean (Glycine max) to sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) and candidate gene mining","authors":"Dongming Sun, Ruiqiong Li, Jinglin Ma, Shuo Qu, Ming Yuan, Zhenhong Yang, Changjun Zhou, Junrong Xu, Yuhang Zhan, Xue Zhao, Yingpeng Han, Weili Teng","doi":"10.1071/cp23171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/cp23171","url":null,"abstract":"Context Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) is one of the diseases that seriously affect soybean yield, leading to heavy losses all over the world. A well-known SSR resistant variety is ‘Maple Arrow’.Aims In this study, transcriptome sequencing analysis of resistant variety ‘Maple Arrow’ and susceptible variety ‘Hefeng25’ was conducted to understand the resistance mechanism of resistant and susceptible soybean varieties to SSR and to look for candidate genes.Methods RNA sequencing of Maple Arrow and Hefeng25 generated 75.09GB and 64.97GB clean readings, respectively. In total, 417 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found among the different comparable groups. Gene ontology enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis and haplotype analysis were performed for genes with different expression levels in Maple Arrow and Hefeng25.Key results It was found that DEGs from Maple Arrow and Hefeng25 were involved in the regulation of ‘oxidation–reduction process’, ‘regulation of transcription’, ‘amino acid metabolism’, ‘methylation’ and ‘membrane’, ‘integral component of membrane’ and ‘epidermal growth-factor receptor substrate 15’. In total, 31 haplotypes of 12 genes were screened out with significant or extremely significant differences among soybeans with different levels of SSR resistance.Conclusions These genes may be involved in the relevant pathways of soybean sclerotiniose.Implications To provide excellent gene resources for further disease-resistance breeding.","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alireza Nehbandani, Patrick Filippi, Parisa Alizadeh-Dehkordi, Amir Dadrasi, Afshin Soltani
Context Management and environmental conditions are the main factors influencing yield of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Despite an increase in average soybean yield in recent years in Iran, a considerable gap remains between actual yield and potential yield.Aims The objective of this study was to identify critical climate and management factors affecting soybean yield in Iran’s major soybean production area.Methods A combination of machine learning approaches (using gradient boosted decision trees, XGBoost) and the SSM-iCrop2 simulation model was used. Critical management factors affecting soybean yield were determined through interpretive machine learning using information collected from 268 soybean fields over a 5-year period. Potential yield and water-limited potential yield at six weather stations were estimated for 30years via the SSM-iCrop2 simulation model. Water limitation was determined by considering the ratio of water-limited yield potential to potential yield, and heat stress status was quantified as the number of days with maximum temperature >36°C during the soybean growing season.Key results The XGBoost models adequately described the observed changes in soybean yield. Root-mean-square error and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient values of the calibrated model were 262kgha−1 and 0.96, respectively, which indicated that the predictor variables could describe most of the variation in soybean yield for the studied dataset.Conclusions We identified 15 climatic and management variables that affect soybean yield. A large part of the studied area is under high water stress and low heat stress.Implications Optimal planting date and improved irrigation management are the main options for reducing the yield gap in the study area.
管理和环境条件是影响大豆(Glycine max (L.))产量的主要因素。稳定)。尽管近年来伊朗的平均大豆产量有所增加，但实际产量与潜在产量之间仍存在相当大的差距。本研究的目的是确定影响伊朗大豆主产区大豆产量的关键气候和管理因素。方法结合机器学习方法(使用梯度增强决策树，XGBoost)和SSM-iCrop2仿真模型。影响大豆产量的关键管理因素通过解释性机器学习确定，该机器学习使用了5年来从268块大豆田收集的信息。利用SSM-iCrop2模拟模式估算了6个气象站30年的潜在产量和限水潜在产量。以限水产量潜力与潜在产量之比确定限水产量，热胁迫状态量化为大豆生长季最高温度>36℃的天数。XGBoost模型充分描述了观察到的大豆产量变化。校正模型的均方根误差和Lin’s一致性相关系数值分别为262kgha−1和0.96，表明预测变量可以描述研究数据集的大部分大豆产量变化。我们确定了15个影响大豆产量的气候和管理变量。研究区大部分处于高水胁迫和低热胁迫下。结论优化种植日期和改善灌溉管理是减小研究区产量差距的主要措施。
{"title":"Use of interpretive machine learning and a crop model to investigate the impact of environment and management on soybean yield gap","authors":"Alireza Nehbandani, Patrick Filippi, Parisa Alizadeh-Dehkordi, Amir Dadrasi, Afshin Soltani","doi":"10.1071/cp23032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/cp23032","url":null,"abstract":"Context Management and environmental conditions are the main factors influencing yield of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Despite an increase in average soybean yield in recent years in Iran, a considerable gap remains between actual yield and potential yield.Aims The objective of this study was to identify critical climate and management factors affecting soybean yield in Iran’s major soybean production area.Methods A combination of machine learning approaches (using gradient boosted decision trees, XGBoost) and the SSM-iCrop2 simulation model was used. Critical management factors affecting soybean yield were determined through interpretive machine learning using information collected from 268 soybean fields over a 5-year period. Potential yield and water-limited potential yield at six weather stations were estimated for 30years via the SSM-iCrop2 simulation model. Water limitation was determined by considering the ratio of water-limited yield potential to potential yield, and heat stress status was quantified as the number of days with maximum temperature >36°C during the soybean growing season.Key results The XGBoost models adequately described the observed changes in soybean yield. Root-mean-square error and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient values of the calibrated model were 262kgha−1 and 0.96, respectively, which indicated that the predictor variables could describe most of the variation in soybean yield for the studied dataset.Conclusions We identified 15 climatic and management variables that affect soybean yield. A large part of the studied area is under high water stress and low heat stress.Implications Optimal planting date and improved irrigation management are the main options for reducing the yield gap in the study area.","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135699522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context Light intensity and nitrogen availability are important factors influencing the growth of C4 forage species. Trade-offs may occur in the adaptive responses of species to shading and nitrogen inputs, and functional shoot traits can help to explain the consequences of these responses for species performance.Aims Our objective was to gain understanding of the mechanisms involving shoot traits of grasses that determine above-ground dry matter yield (DMY) when resources, light and nitrogen all vary.Methods Five C4 perennial forage grasses were grown in six shading conditions (full sunlight vs five positions between Eucalyptus dunnii rows) with two nitrogen levels (0vs 300kgNha−1year−1) and clipped when the canopy reached 95% light interception. Path analysis was used to explore the relationship between DMY, shading levels, nitrogen nutrition index and shoot traits.Key results Yield increased between 126 and 569g dry matter m−2 with nitrogen fertilisation. Plant nitrogen concentration was the most important predictor of DMY. Increased shading reduced DMY by 6.94–12.5g dry matter m−2 for each 1% increase in shading. DMY was also modulated by shoot traits such as specific leaf area, sheath length and leaf area index (via leaf area and tiller density), but with different responses according to species.Conclusions The five species compared adopted different mechanisms involving shoot traits, revealing different strategies to cope with changes in light and nitrogen availability.Implications Agroforestry practitioners may want to choose forages that are more likely to maintain biomass yield as trees grow.
{"title":"Differential responses of yield and shoot traits of five tropical grasses to nitrogen and distance to trees in silvopastoral systems","authors":"Laíse da Silveira Pontes, Emilio A. Laca","doi":"10.1071/cp23081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/cp23081","url":null,"abstract":"Context Light intensity and nitrogen availability are important factors influencing the growth of C4 forage species. Trade-offs may occur in the adaptive responses of species to shading and nitrogen inputs, and functional shoot traits can help to explain the consequences of these responses for species performance.Aims Our objective was to gain understanding of the mechanisms involving shoot traits of grasses that determine above-ground dry matter yield (DMY) when resources, light and nitrogen all vary.Methods Five C4 perennial forage grasses were grown in six shading conditions (full sunlight vs five positions between Eucalyptus dunnii rows) with two nitrogen levels (0vs 300kgNha−1year−1) and clipped when the canopy reached 95% light interception. Path analysis was used to explore the relationship between DMY, shading levels, nitrogen nutrition index and shoot traits.Key results Yield increased between 126 and 569g dry matter m−2 with nitrogen fertilisation. Plant nitrogen concentration was the most important predictor of DMY. Increased shading reduced DMY by 6.94–12.5g dry matter m−2 for each 1% increase in shading. DMY was also modulated by shoot traits such as specific leaf area, sheath length and leaf area index (via leaf area and tiller density), but with different responses according to species.Conclusions The five species compared adopted different mechanisms involving shoot traits, revealing different strategies to cope with changes in light and nitrogen availability.Implications Agroforestry practitioners may want to choose forages that are more likely to maintain biomass yield as trees grow.","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136303916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yashvir S. Chauhan, Doug Sands, Steve Krosch, Peter Agius, Troy Frederiks, Karine Chenu, Rex Williams
{"title":"Identification of environment similarities using a crop model to assist the cultivation and breeding of a new crop in a new region","authors":"Yashvir S. Chauhan, Doug Sands, Steve Krosch, Peter Agius, Troy Frederiks, Karine Chenu, Rex Williams","doi":"10.1071/cp23177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/cp23177","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134979982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Uddin, S. Parvin, R. Armstrong, Glenn Fitzgerald, M. Löw, A. Houshmandfar, E. Tavakkoli, S. Tausz-Posch, G. O'Leary, M. Tausz
{"title":"Water use dynamics of dryland wheat grown under elevated CO2 with supplemental nitrogen","authors":"S. Uddin, S. Parvin, R. Armstrong, Glenn Fitzgerald, M. Löw, A. Houshmandfar, E. Tavakkoli, S. Tausz-Posch, G. O'Leary, M. Tausz","doi":"10.1071/cp22344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/cp22344","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58705867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aaron T. Simmons, Miguel Brandão, Zita Ritchie, Guy Roth
{"title":"Environmental consequences of a consumer shift from dairy- to soy-based products","authors":"Aaron T. Simmons, Miguel Brandão, Zita Ritchie, Guy Roth","doi":"10.1071/cp23034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/cp23034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58706051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Buster, S. Simpfendorfer, C. Guppy, M. Sissons, M. Tighe, R. Flavel
{"title":"Remote detection of Fusarium crown rot in broadacre bread wheat and durum wheat through use of aerial imagery","authors":"M. Buster, S. Simpfendorfer, C. Guppy, M. Sissons, M. Tighe, R. Flavel","doi":"10.1071/cp23091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/cp23091","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58706617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhenhong Yang, Xu Wu, Jinglin Ma, Ming Yuan, Yuhang Zhan, Yonguang Li, Haiyan Li, Weili Teng, Xue Zhao, Yingpeng Han
Context The 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) genes are involved in the phenylalanine pathway of the plant flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, controlling the synthesis of flavonoid secondary metabolites. Isoflavone is an important quality component of soybean (Glycine max).Aims The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different 4CL gene family members on isoflavone synthesis in soybean seedlings, and to identify those with a positive effect on soybean isoflavone content.Methods Genome identification and bioinformatics analyses of Gm4CL gene family members were conducted based on soybean genome annotation and Bio-Analytic Resource online data. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of Gm4CL genes, and genes related to the isoflavone synthesis pathway. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography was used to detect the contents of various isoflavones.Key results The study revealed 20 members of the Gm4CL gene family distributed on 13 chromosomes, with expression mainly distributed in cytoplasmic peroxisomes, and showing homology to the 4CL genes of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and Arabidopsis. Gene structure analysis showed that Gm4CL genes had between two and seven exons. Gm4CL promoter sequences were shown to contain abundant cis-acting elements, with Gm4CL4 and Glyma.11G1945001 containing MBSI cis-acting elements. Notably, the expression of Gm4CL genes varied with the synthesis of isoflavones at seedling stage.Conclusions At seedling stage, Gm4CL4 activated enzymes related to the isoflavone synthesis pathway, catalysing isoflavone synthesis, whereas Glyma.17G06440.1 and Glyma.17G0645001 tended to serve the lignin synthesis pathway and inhibit isoflavone synthesis. These results suggest that isoflavone synthesis in seedling leaves may be regulated by other mechanisms.Implications The study provides a basis for further research into the synthesis and accumulation mechanism of isoflavones.
{"title":"Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase genes influencing soybean isoflavones at the seedling stage","authors":"Zhenhong Yang, Xu Wu, Jinglin Ma, Ming Yuan, Yuhang Zhan, Yonguang Li, Haiyan Li, Weili Teng, Xue Zhao, Yingpeng Han","doi":"10.1071/cp23147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/cp23147","url":null,"abstract":"Context The 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) genes are involved in the phenylalanine pathway of the plant flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, controlling the synthesis of flavonoid secondary metabolites. Isoflavone is an important quality component of soybean (Glycine max).Aims The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different 4CL gene family members on isoflavone synthesis in soybean seedlings, and to identify those with a positive effect on soybean isoflavone content.Methods Genome identification and bioinformatics analyses of Gm4CL gene family members were conducted based on soybean genome annotation and Bio-Analytic Resource online data. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of Gm4CL genes, and genes related to the isoflavone synthesis pathway. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography was used to detect the contents of various isoflavones.Key results The study revealed 20 members of the Gm4CL gene family distributed on 13 chromosomes, with expression mainly distributed in cytoplasmic peroxisomes, and showing homology to the 4CL genes of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and Arabidopsis. Gene structure analysis showed that Gm4CL genes had between two and seven exons. Gm4CL promoter sequences were shown to contain abundant cis-acting elements, with Gm4CL4 and Glyma.11G1945001 containing MBSI cis-acting elements. Notably, the expression of Gm4CL genes varied with the synthesis of isoflavones at seedling stage.Conclusions At seedling stage, Gm4CL4 activated enzymes related to the isoflavone synthesis pathway, catalysing isoflavone synthesis, whereas Glyma.17G06440.1 and Glyma.17G0645001 tended to serve the lignin synthesis pathway and inhibit isoflavone synthesis. These results suggest that isoflavone synthesis in seedling leaves may be regulated by other mechanisms.Implications The study provides a basis for further research into the synthesis and accumulation mechanism of isoflavones.","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134987819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Azam Khan, Dawid Brink Wentzel, Ming Pei You, Sally L. Norton, Martin J. Barbetti
Context White mould (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) inflicts major yield losses on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris); yet, commercial cultivars known for their high yields and market-adapted grains lack physiological resistance to this disease.Aims This study aimed to test diverse common bean genotypes for resistance in stem, leaf and cotyledon tissues.Methods Thirty-four common bean genotypes with a wide range of agronomic traits and grain types, including genotypes noted previously for susceptible and resistant responses to white mould, were inoculated with the prevalent S. sclerotiorum isolate MBRS-1. Then they were assessed for resistance in stem, leaf and cotyledon tissues under controlled environment conditions, by inoculating plants with a 105mL−1 hyphal fragment concentration.Key results There was significant (P<0.001) variation in resistance responses in stem, leaf and cotyledon tissues across the genotypes. Contender, ICA Bunsi, XAN 280 and Taisho-Kintoki showed the highest resistance in stems, whereas Norvell 2558, Pico de Oro, Sanilac, Othelo and Negro Argel exhibited notable resistance in leaves. Metis, Canario 107, Pico de Oro, Pogonion and Jubilejnaja 287 displayed the most resistance in cotyledons.Conclusions This is the first reported attempt to determine the response of common bean germplasm to a prevalent pathotype of S. sclerotiorum in Australia. Bean genotypes exhibiting high-level resistance to white mould identified in this study can be used as parental lines for crosses in common bean breeding programs and/or directly as improved cultivars.Implications The study highlighted both the value of screening under controlled environmental conditions to reliably locate new stem, leaf and/or cotyledon resistances and the possibility of using rapid cotyledon screening to indicate stem resistances because the expression of resistances in cotyledons generally correlated strongly with those in stems.
白霉病(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)对普通豆(Phaseolus vulgaris)造成重大产量损失;然而，以高产和适应市场的籽粒而闻名的商业品种缺乏对这种疾病的生理抵抗力。目的研究不同基因型大豆在茎、叶和子叶组织中的抗性。方法将34个具有广泛农艺性状和籽粒型的常见大豆基因型(包括先前发现的对白霉病敏感和抗性的基因型)接种于流行的菌核葡萄球菌分离物MBRS-1。然后用105mL−1菌丝片段浓度接种植株，在控制的环境条件下，评估它们在茎、叶和子叶组织中的抗性。主要结果不同基因型水稻茎、叶和子叶组织的抗性反应差异显著(P<0.001)。在茎部抗性最强的是“挑战者”、ICA Bunsi、XAN 280和Taisho-Kintoki，而叶片抗性最强的是“诺维尔2558”、“Pico de Oro”、“Sanilac”、“奥赛罗”和“黑天使”。梅蒂斯、加那里奥107、皮科·德·奥罗、波贡尼翁和朱比尼亚287在子叶上表现出最大的抗性。结论:这是首次报道的测定普通豆种质对澳大利亚一种常见菌核病菌病原型的反应。本研究鉴定的具有高抗白霉病能力的大豆基因型可作为普通大豆育种计划的亲本系，或直接作为改良品种。本研究强调了在受控环境条件下筛选对可靠定位新的茎、叶和/或子叶抗性的价值，以及利用快速子叶筛选来指示茎抗性的可能性，因为子叶中的抗性表达通常与茎中的抗性表达密切相关。
{"title":"Stem, leaf and cotyledon resistance responses to a prevalent Sclerotinia sclerotiorum pathotype in Australia highlight new opportunities to improve white mould resistance in common bean","authors":"Muhammad Azam Khan, Dawid Brink Wentzel, Ming Pei You, Sally L. Norton, Martin J. Barbetti","doi":"10.1071/cp23211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/cp23211","url":null,"abstract":"Context White mould (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) inflicts major yield losses on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris); yet, commercial cultivars known for their high yields and market-adapted grains lack physiological resistance to this disease.Aims This study aimed to test diverse common bean genotypes for resistance in stem, leaf and cotyledon tissues.Methods Thirty-four common bean genotypes with a wide range of agronomic traits and grain types, including genotypes noted previously for susceptible and resistant responses to white mould, were inoculated with the prevalent S. sclerotiorum isolate MBRS-1. Then they were assessed for resistance in stem, leaf and cotyledon tissues under controlled environment conditions, by inoculating plants with a 105mL−1 hyphal fragment concentration.Key results There was significant (P<0.001) variation in resistance responses in stem, leaf and cotyledon tissues across the genotypes. Contender, ICA Bunsi, XAN 280 and Taisho-Kintoki showed the highest resistance in stems, whereas Norvell 2558, Pico de Oro, Sanilac, Othelo and Negro Argel exhibited notable resistance in leaves. Metis, Canario 107, Pico de Oro, Pogonion and Jubilejnaja 287 displayed the most resistance in cotyledons.Conclusions This is the first reported attempt to determine the response of common bean germplasm to a prevalent pathotype of S. sclerotiorum in Australia. Bean genotypes exhibiting high-level resistance to white mould identified in this study can be used as parental lines for crosses in common bean breeding programs and/or directly as improved cultivars.Implications The study highlighted both the value of screening under controlled environmental conditions to reliably locate new stem, leaf and/or cotyledon resistances and the possibility of using rapid cotyledon screening to indicate stem resistances because the expression of resistances in cotyledons generally correlated strongly with those in stems.","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135260961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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