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Balancing Benefits of Distribution System Operator in Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Among Microgrids Based on Optimal Dynamic Network Usage Fees
IF 5.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2024.000521
Songmei Wu;Hui Guo;Fei Wang;Yuxin Zhu
Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading provides a promising solution for integrating distributed microgrids (MGs). However, most existing research works on P2P energy trading among MGs ignore the influence of the dynamic network usage fees imposed by the distribution system operator (DSO). Therefore, a method of P2P energy trading among MGs based on the optimal dynamic network usage fees is proposed in this paper to balance the benefits of DSO. The interaction between DSO and MG is formulated as a Stackelberg game, in which the existence and uniqueness of optimal dynamic network usage fees are proven. Additionally, the optimal dynamic network usage fees are obtained by transforming the bi-level problem into single-level mixed-integer quadratic programming using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. Furthermore, the underlying relationship among optimal dynamic network usage fees, electrical distance, and power flow is revealed, and the mechanism of the optimal dynamic network usage fee can further enhance P2P energy trading among MGs. Finally, simulation results on an enhanced IEEE 33-bus system demonstrate that the proposed mechanism achieves a 17.08% reduction in operation costs for MG while increasing DSO revenue by 15.36%.
{"title":"Balancing Benefits of Distribution System Operator in Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Among Microgrids Based on Optimal Dynamic Network Usage Fees","authors":"Songmei Wu;Hui Guo;Fei Wang;Yuxin Zhu","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2024.000521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2024.000521","url":null,"abstract":"Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading provides a promising solution for integrating distributed microgrids (MGs). However, most existing research works on P2P energy trading among MGs ignore the influence of the dynamic network usage fees imposed by the distribution system operator (DSO). Therefore, a method of P2P energy trading among MGs based on the optimal dynamic network usage fees is proposed in this paper to balance the benefits of DSO. The interaction between DSO and MG is formulated as a Stackelberg game, in which the existence and uniqueness of optimal dynamic network usage fees are proven. Additionally, the optimal dynamic network usage fees are obtained by transforming the bi-level problem into single-level mixed-integer quadratic programming using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. Furthermore, the underlying relationship among optimal dynamic network usage fees, electrical distance, and power flow is revealed, and the mechanism of the optimal dynamic network usage fee can further enhance P2P energy trading among MGs. Finally, simulation results on an enhanced IEEE 33-bus system demonstrate that the proposed mechanism achieves a 17.08% reduction in operation costs for MG while increasing DSO revenue by 15.36%.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"13 2","pages":"663-674"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10938862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Frequency Deadband Control of Grid-forming Energy Storage Inverter in Primary Frequency Regulation
IF 5.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2024.000757
Wei Zhang;Zhenxiong Wang;Yingjie Peng;Jingting Wu;Qiru Li;Hao Yi;Zebin Yang;Li Li;Fang Zhuo
With the increased penetration of renewable energy sources, the grid-forming (GFM) energy storage (ES) has been considered to engage in primary frequency regulation (PFR), often necessitating the use of a frequency deadband (FDB) to prevent excessive battery charging cycling and miti-gate frequency oscillations. Implementing the FDB is relatively straightforward in grid-following (GFL) control. However, implementing the FDB in GFM control presents a significant challenge since the inverter must abstain from providing active power at any frequency within the FDB. Therefore, in this paper, the performance of PFR control in the GFM-ES inverter is analyzed in detail first. Then, the FDB is implemented for GFM inverters with various types of synchronization methods, and the need for inertia response is also considered. Moreover, given the risk of oscillations near the FDB boundary, different FDB setting methods are proposed and examined, where an improved triangular hysteresis method is proposed to realize the fast response and enhanced stability. Finally, the simulation and experiment results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the above methods.
{"title":"Frequency Deadband Control of Grid-forming Energy Storage Inverter in Primary Frequency Regulation","authors":"Wei Zhang;Zhenxiong Wang;Yingjie Peng;Jingting Wu;Qiru Li;Hao Yi;Zebin Yang;Li Li;Fang Zhuo","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2024.000757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2024.000757","url":null,"abstract":"With the increased penetration of renewable energy sources, the grid-forming (GFM) energy storage (ES) has been considered to engage in primary frequency regulation (PFR), often necessitating the use of a frequency deadband (FDB) to prevent excessive battery charging cycling and miti-gate frequency oscillations. Implementing the FDB is relatively straightforward in grid-following (GFL) control. However, implementing the FDB in GFM control presents a significant challenge since the inverter must abstain from providing active power at any frequency within the FDB. Therefore, in this paper, the performance of PFR control in the GFM-ES inverter is analyzed in detail first. Then, the FDB is implemented for GFM inverters with various types of synchronization methods, and the need for inertia response is also considered. Moreover, given the risk of oscillations near the FDB boundary, different FDB setting methods are proposed and examined, where an improved triangular hysteresis method is proposed to realize the fast response and enhanced stability. Finally, the simulation and experiment results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the above methods.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"13 1","pages":"167-178"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10855741","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Guest Editorial: Special Section on Dynamic Performance and Flexibility Enhancement of RES-dominated Power Systems with Grid-forming Converters
IF 5.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2025.000013
Hassan Bevrani;Federico Milano
Inverter-based distributed generation (DG) and renewable energy sources (RESs) are recognized as key elements to address the challenge of economically harvesting energy while, at the same time, achieving net-zero targets. However, inverter-based generation decreases the physical inertia available in the system and increases uncertainty. Moreover, recent studies have highlighted that relatively high integration of DGs/RESs can negatively impact on power grid dynamics, power quality, frequency control, voltage regulation, as well as other control and operational issues. All these issues significantly limit the penetration of DG and RESs.
{"title":"Guest Editorial: Special Section on Dynamic Performance and Flexibility Enhancement of RES-dominated Power Systems with Grid-forming Converters","authors":"Hassan Bevrani;Federico Milano","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2025.000013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2025.000013","url":null,"abstract":"Inverter-based distributed generation (DG) and renewable energy sources (RESs) are recognized as key elements to address the challenge of economically harvesting energy while, at the same time, achieving net-zero targets. However, inverter-based generation decreases the physical inertia available in the system and increases uncertainty. Moreover, recent studies have highlighted that relatively high integration of DGs/RESs can negatively impact on power grid dynamics, power quality, frequency control, voltage regulation, as well as other control and operational issues. All these issues significantly limit the penetration of DG and RESs.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10855698","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
DC Voltage Control with Grid-Forming Capability for Enhancing Stability of HVDC System
IF 5.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2024.000822
Ghazala Shafique;Johan Boukhenfouf;François Gruson;Frédéric Colas;Xavier Guillaud
Grid-forming (GFM) converters are recognized for their stabilizing effects in renewable energy systems. Integrating GFM converters into high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems requires DC voltage control. However, there can be a conflict between GFM converter and DC voltage control when they are used in combination. This paper presents a rigorous control design for a GFM converter that connects the DC-link voltage to the power angle of the converter, thereby integrating DC voltage control with GFM capability. The proposed control is validated through small-signal and transient-stability analyses on a modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based HVDC system with a point-to-point (P2P) GFM-GFM configuration. The results demonstrate that employing a GFM-GFM configuration with the proposed control enhances the stability of the AC system to which it is connected. The system exhibits low sensitivity to grid strength and can sustain islanding conditions. The high stability limit of the system with varying grid strength using the proposed control is validated using a system with four voltage source converters.
{"title":"DC Voltage Control with Grid-Forming Capability for Enhancing Stability of HVDC System","authors":"Ghazala Shafique;Johan Boukhenfouf;François Gruson;Frédéric Colas;Xavier Guillaud","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2024.000822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2024.000822","url":null,"abstract":"Grid-forming (GFM) converters are recognized for their stabilizing effects in renewable energy systems. Integrating GFM converters into high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems requires DC voltage control. However, there can be a conflict between GFM converter and DC voltage control when they are used in combination. This paper presents a rigorous control design for a GFM converter that connects the DC-link voltage to the power angle of the converter, thereby integrating DC voltage control with GFM capability. The proposed control is validated through small-signal and transient-stability analyses on a modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based HVDC system with a point-to-point (P2P) GFM-GFM configuration. The results demonstrate that employing a GFM-GFM configuration with the proposed control enhances the stability of the AC system to which it is connected. The system exhibits low sensitivity to grid strength and can sustain islanding conditions. The high stability limit of the system with varying grid strength using the proposed control is validated using a system with four voltage source converters.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"13 1","pages":"66-78"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10855700","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Series-Parallel Sequence Impedance Models of Multi-Loop Grid-Forming Converters
IF 5.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2024.000676
Xiaokuan Jin;Jianhua Wang;Han Yan;Xijun Ni;Zhendong Ji;Baojian Ji;Ding Wan
The gradual penetration of grid-forming (GFM) converters into new power systems with renewable energy sources may result in the emergence of small-signal instability issues. These issues can be elucidated using sequence impedance models, which offer a more tangible and meaningful interpretation than dq-domain impedance models and state-space models. However, existing research has primarily focused on the impact of power loops and inner control loops in GFM converters, which has not yet elucidated the precise physical interpretation of inner voltage and current loops of GFM converters in circuits. This paper derives series-parallel sequence impedance models of multi-loop GFM converters, demonstrating that the voltage loop can be regarded as a parallel impedance and the current loop as a series impedance. Consequently, the corre-sponding small-signal stability characteristics can be identified through Bode diagrams of sequence impedances or by examining the physical meanings of impedances in series and in parallel. The results indicate that the GFM converter with a single power loop is a candidate suitable for application in new power systems, given its reduced number of control parameters and enhanced low-frequency performance, particularly in weak grids. The results of PLECS simulations and corresponding prototype experiments verify the accuracy of the analytical analysis under diverse grid conditions.
{"title":"Series-Parallel Sequence Impedance Models of Multi-Loop Grid-Forming Converters","authors":"Xiaokuan Jin;Jianhua Wang;Han Yan;Xijun Ni;Zhendong Ji;Baojian Ji;Ding Wan","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2024.000676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2024.000676","url":null,"abstract":"The gradual penetration of grid-forming (GFM) converters into new power systems with renewable energy sources may result in the emergence of small-signal instability issues. These issues can be elucidated using sequence impedance models, which offer a more tangible and meaningful interpretation than dq-domain impedance models and state-space models. However, existing research has primarily focused on the impact of power loops and inner control loops in GFM converters, which has not yet elucidated the precise physical interpretation of inner voltage and current loops of GFM converters in circuits. This paper derives series-parallel sequence impedance models of multi-loop GFM converters, demonstrating that the voltage loop can be regarded as a parallel impedance and the current loop as a series impedance. Consequently, the corre-sponding small-signal stability characteristics can be identified through Bode diagrams of sequence impedances or by examining the physical meanings of impedances in series and in parallel. The results indicate that the GFM converter with a single power loop is a candidate suitable for application in new power systems, given its reduced number of control parameters and enhanced low-frequency performance, particularly in weak grids. The results of PLECS simulations and corresponding prototype experiments verify the accuracy of the analytical analysis under diverse grid conditions.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"13 1","pages":"29-41"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10855724","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Systematic Small-signal Analysis Procedure for Improving Synchronization Stability of Grid-forming Virtual Synchronous Generators
IF 5.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2024.000316
Francisco Jesús Matas-Díaz;Manuel Barragán-Villarejo;José María Maza-Ortega
The integration of converter-interfaced generators (CIGs) into power systems is rapidly replacing traditional synchronous machines. To ensure the security of power supply, modern power systems require the application of grid-forming technologies. This study presents a systematic small-signal analysis procedure to assess the synchronization stability of gridforming virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) considering the power system characteristics. Specifically, this procedure offers guidance in tuning controller gains to enhance stability. It is applied to six different grid-forming VSGs and experimentally tested to validate the theoretical analysis. This study concludes with key findings and a discussion on the suitability of the analyzed grid-forming VSGs based on the power system characteristics.
变流器内置发电机(CIG)与电力系统的整合正在迅速取代传统的同步电机。为确保供电安全,现代电力系统需要应用电网成形技术。本研究提出了一种系统的小信号分析程序,用于评估电网形成虚拟同步发电机(VSG)的同步稳定性,并考虑了电力系统的特性。具体而言,该程序为调整控制器增益以提高稳定性提供了指导。该方法适用于六种不同的并网型虚拟同步发电机,并通过实验测试验证了理论分析。本研究最后根据电力系统特性,对所分析的并网型 VSG 的适用性进行了总结和讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic Analysis of Uniformity and Difference for Grid-following and Grid-forming Voltage Source Converters Using Phasor and Topological Homology Methods
IF 5.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2024.000722
Haiyu Zhao;Hongyu Zhou;Wei Yao;Qihang Zong;Jinyu Wen
Grid-following voltage source converter (GFL-VSC) and grid-forming voltage source converter (GFM-VSC) have different dynamic characteristics for active power-frequency and reactive power-voltage supports of the power grid. This paper aims to clarify and recognize the difference between grid-following (GFL) and grid-forming (GFM) frequency-voltage support more intuitively and clearly. Firstly, the phasor model considering circuit constraints is established based on the port circuit equations of the converter. It is revealed that the voltage and active power linearly correspond to the horizontal and vertical axes in the phasor space referenced to the grid voltage pha-sore Secondly, based on topological homology, GFL and GFM controls are transformed and mapped into different trajectories. The topological similarity of the characteristic curves for GFL and GFM controls is the essential cause of their uniformity. Based on the above model, it is indicated that GFL-VSC and GFM-VSC possess uniformity with regard to active power response, type of coupling, and phasor trajectory. They differ in synchronization, power coupling mechanisms, dynamics, and active power-voltage operation domain in the quasi-steady state. Case studies are undertaken on GFL-VSC and GFM-VSC integrated into a four-machine two-area system. Simulation results verify that the dynamic uniformity and difference of GFL-VSC and GFM-VSC are intuitively and comprehensively revealed.
电网跟随电压源变流器(GFL-VSC)和电网形成电压源变流器(GFM-VSC)对电网的有功功率-频率和无功功率-电压支持具有不同的动态特性。本文旨在更直观、清晰地阐明和认识电网跟随型(GFL)和电网形成型(GFM)频率-电压支持的区别。首先,基于变流器的端口电路方程,建立了考虑电路约束的相量模型。其次,基于拓扑同源性,将 GFL 和 GFM 控制变换并映射为不同的轨迹。GFL 和 GFM 控制器特征曲线的拓扑相似性是其一致性的根本原因。根据上述模型,GFL-VSC 和 GFM-VSC 在有功功率响应、耦合类型和相位轨迹方面具有一致性。它们在同步、功率耦合机制、动态以及准稳定状态下的有功功率-电压运行域方面存在差异。对集成到四机双区系统中的 GFL-VSC 和 GFM-VSC 进行了案例研究。仿真结果验证了 GFL-VSC 和 GFM-VSC 的动态均匀性和差异得到了直观而全面的揭示。
{"title":"Dynamic Analysis of Uniformity and Difference for Grid-following and Grid-forming Voltage Source Converters Using Phasor and Topological Homology Methods","authors":"Haiyu Zhao;Hongyu Zhou;Wei Yao;Qihang Zong;Jinyu Wen","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2024.000722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2024.000722","url":null,"abstract":"Grid-following voltage source converter (GFL-VSC) and grid-forming voltage source converter (GFM-VSC) have different dynamic characteristics for active power-frequency and reactive power-voltage supports of the power grid. This paper aims to clarify and recognize the difference between grid-following (GFL) and grid-forming (GFM) frequency-voltage support more intuitively and clearly. Firstly, the phasor model considering circuit constraints is established based on the port circuit equations of the converter. It is revealed that the voltage and active power linearly correspond to the horizontal and vertical axes in the phasor space referenced to the grid voltage pha-sore Secondly, based on topological homology, GFL and GFM controls are transformed and mapped into different trajectories. The topological similarity of the characteristic curves for GFL and GFM controls is the essential cause of their uniformity. Based on the above model, it is indicated that GFL-VSC and GFM-VSC possess uniformity with regard to active power response, type of coupling, and phasor trajectory. They differ in synchronization, power coupling mechanisms, dynamics, and active power-voltage operation domain in the quasi-steady state. Case studies are undertaken on GFL-VSC and GFM-VSC integrated into a four-machine two-area system. Simulation results verify that the dynamic uniformity and difference of GFL-VSC and GFM-VSC are intuitively and comprehensively revealed.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"13 1","pages":"3-14"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10855723","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143183953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multi-Stage Robust Unit Commitment with Discrete Load Shedding Based on Partially Affine Policy and Two-Stage Reformulation
IF 5.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2024.000202
Zhongjie Guo;Jiayu Bai;Wei Wei;Haifeng Qiu;Weihao Hu
This paper studies the problem of multi-stage robust unit commitment with discrete load shedding. In the day-ahead phase, the on-off status of thermal units is scheduled. During each period of real-time dispatch, the output of thermal units and the action of load shedding are determined, and the discrete choice of load shedding corresponds to the practice of tripping substation outlets. The entire decision-making process is formulated as a multi-stage adaptive robust optimization problem with mixed-integer recourse, whose solution takes three steps. First, we propose and apply partially affine policy, which is optimized ahead of the day and restricts intertemporal dispatch variables as affine functions of previous uncertainty realizations, leaving remaining continuous and binary dispatch variables to be optimized in real time. Second, we demonstrate that the resulting model with partially affine policy can be reformulated as a two-stage robust optimization problem with mixed-integer recourse. Third, we modify the standard nested column-and-constraint generation algorithm to accelerate the inner loops by warm start. The modified algorithm solves the two-stage problem more efficiently. Case studies on the IEEE 118-bus system verify that the proposed partially affine policy outperforms conventional affine policy in terms of optimality and robustness; the modified nested column-and-constraint generation algorithm significantly reduces the total computation time; and the proposed method balances well optimality and efficiency compared with state-of-the-art methods.
{"title":"Multi-Stage Robust Unit Commitment with Discrete Load Shedding Based on Partially Affine Policy and Two-Stage Reformulation","authors":"Zhongjie Guo;Jiayu Bai;Wei Wei;Haifeng Qiu;Weihao Hu","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2024.000202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2024.000202","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the problem of multi-stage robust unit commitment with discrete load shedding. In the day-ahead phase, the on-off status of thermal units is scheduled. During each period of real-time dispatch, the output of thermal units and the action of load shedding are determined, and the discrete choice of load shedding corresponds to the practice of tripping substation outlets. The entire decision-making process is formulated as a multi-stage adaptive robust optimization problem with mixed-integer recourse, whose solution takes three steps. First, we propose and apply partially affine policy, which is optimized ahead of the day and restricts intertemporal dispatch variables as affine functions of previous uncertainty realizations, leaving remaining continuous and binary dispatch variables to be optimized in real time. Second, we demonstrate that the resulting model with partially affine policy can be reformulated as a two-stage robust optimization problem with mixed-integer recourse. Third, we modify the standard nested column-and-constraint generation algorithm to accelerate the inner loops by warm start. The modified algorithm solves the two-stage problem more efficiently. Case studies on the IEEE 118-bus system verify that the proposed partially affine policy outperforms conventional affine policy in terms of optimality and robustness; the modified nested column-and-constraint generation algorithm significantly reduces the total computation time; and the proposed method balances well optimality and efficiency compared with state-of-the-art methods.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"13 2","pages":"415-425"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10851868","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Grid Strength Assessment Method for Evaluating Small-Signal Synchronization Stability of Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Converters Integrated Systems
IF 5.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2024.000759
Qianhong Shi;Wei Dong;Guanzhong Wang;Junchao Ma;Chenxu Wang;Xianye Guo;Vladimir Terzija
Oscillations caused by small-signal instability have been widely observed in AC grids with grid-following (GFL) and grid-forming (GFM) converters. The generalized short-circuit ratio is commonly used to assess the strength of GFL converters when integrated with weak AC systems at risk of oscillation. This paper provides the grid strength assessment method to evaluate the small-signal synchronization stability of GFL and GFM converters integrated systems. First, the admittance and impedance matrices of the GFL and GFM converters are analyzed to identify the frequency bands associated with negative damping in oscillation modes dominated by heterogeneous synchronization control. Secondly, based on the interaction rules between the short-circuit ratio and the different oscillation modes, an equivalent circuit is proposed to simplify the grid strength assessment through the topological transformation of the AC grid. The risk of sub-synchronization and low-frequency oscillations, influenced by GFL and GFM converters, is then reformulated as a semi-definite programming (SDP) model, incorporating the node admittance matrix and grid-connected device capacities. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through a case analysis.
在采用电网跟随(GFL)和电网形成(GFM)变换器的交流电网中,广泛观察到了由小信号不稳定性引起的振荡。在与存在振荡风险的弱交流系统集成时,广义短路比通常用于评估 GFL 变流器的强度。本文提供了电网强度评估方法,用于评估 GFL 和 GFM 变流器集成系统的小信号同步稳定性。首先,分析 GFL 和 GFM 变流器的导纳和阻抗矩阵,以确定在异质同步控制主导的振荡模式中与负阻尼相关的频段。其次,根据短路比与不同振荡模式之间的相互作用规则,提出了一种等效电路,通过对交流电网进行拓扑变换来简化电网强度评估。然后,结合节点导纳矩阵和并网设备容量,将受 GFL 和 GFM 变流器影响的次同步和低频振荡风险重新表述为半有限编程(SDP)模型。通过案例分析,证明了所提方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Transient Stability Analysis and Improved Control Strategy of PMSG-based Grid-forming Wind Energy Conversion System Under Symmetrical Grid Fault
IF 5.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2024.000484
Hai Xie;Jun Yao;Wenwen He;Dong Yang;Sheng Gong;Linsheng Zhao
The transient synchronization characteristics and instability mechanism of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based grid-forming wind energy conversion system (GFM-WECS) under symmetrical grid fault have received little attention to date. In this paper, considering the dynamics of DC-link voltage, the transient stability and an improved control strategy of PMSG-based GFM-WECS are studied in detail. Firstly, considering the dynamic interactions between the machine-side converter and the grid-side converter, the large-signal equivalent model of GFM-WECS is established. Furthermore, a novel Lyapunov function is derived to evaluate the transient stability margin and instability boundary of GFM-WECS during grid voltage sag. Additionally, the impacts of current-limitation control on the transient stability of GFM-WECS are revealed. Then, a stability evaluation index is proposed to evaluate the transient stability margin of GFM-WECS. Moreover, an improved control strategy is proposed to enhance the transient response characteristics and low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability of GFM-WECS under symmetrical grid fault. Finally, simulations and experimental results are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
基于永磁同步发电机(PMSG)的并网型风能转换系统(GFM-WECS)在对称电网故障下的瞬态同步特性和不稳定性机制迄今鲜有人关注。本文考虑了直流侧电压的动态特性,详细研究了基于 PMSG 的并网型风能转换系统的暂态稳定性和改进控制策略。首先,考虑了机侧变流器和电网侧变流器之间的动态相互作用,建立了 GFM-WECS 的大信号等效模型。此外,还导出了一个新颖的 Lyapunov 函数,用于评估 GFM-WECS 在电网电压下陷期间的瞬态稳定裕度和不稳定边界。此外,还揭示了限流控制对 GFM-WECS 暂态稳定性的影响。然后,提出了评估 GFM-WECS 暂态稳定裕度的稳定性评价指标。此外,还提出了一种改进的控制策略,以提高 GFM-WECS 在对称电网故障下的暂态响应特性和低电压穿越(LVRT)能力。最后,通过仿真和实验结果验证了所提控制策略的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy
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