Theodorah Tania Ncube, Edwin Nyirenda, K. Simukonda, R. Farmani
Conversion from intermittent to continuous water supply is a recommended approach for improving water supply service to communities. The conversion process is complex and requires huge financial and human resources investments. Because such resources are always limited and cannot be adequately provided at once, phased conversion is encouraged. However, there are challenges with this approach in terms of which areas should be prioritized during the conversion process so that the water supply situation for the unconverted areas is not aggravated. This article uses a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews to identify the criteria for prioritising areas to be converted during phased conversion to continuous water supply from a water utility perspective. The Lusaka Water Supply and Sanitation Company is used as a case study. Results show that the financial sustainability of the utility company is the major criterion for selecting an area to be prioritized. In countries like Zambia where tariff structures are such that industries subsidise domestic water consumption and the affluent subsidise water consumed by the poor, prioritising financial sustainability entails giving priority to areas where high revenues are expected. This is synonymous with giving priority to the affluent or the middle-class areas with high densities of water consumers.
{"title":"Area prioritising criteria during phased conversion from intermittent to continuous water supply; the case study of Lusaka Water Supply and Sanitation Company, Zambia","authors":"Theodorah Tania Ncube, Edwin Nyirenda, K. Simukonda, R. Farmani","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2024.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2024.105","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Conversion from intermittent to continuous water supply is a recommended approach for improving water supply service to communities. The conversion process is complex and requires huge financial and human resources investments. Because such resources are always limited and cannot be adequately provided at once, phased conversion is encouraged. However, there are challenges with this approach in terms of which areas should be prioritized during the conversion process so that the water supply situation for the unconverted areas is not aggravated. This article uses a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews to identify the criteria for prioritising areas to be converted during phased conversion to continuous water supply from a water utility perspective. The Lusaka Water Supply and Sanitation Company is used as a case study. Results show that the financial sustainability of the utility company is the major criterion for selecting an area to be prioritized. In countries like Zambia where tariff structures are such that industries subsidise domestic water consumption and the affluent subsidise water consumed by the poor, prioritising financial sustainability entails giving priority to areas where high revenues are expected. This is synonymous with giving priority to the affluent or the middle-class areas with high densities of water consumers.","PeriodicalId":513288,"journal":{"name":"AQUA — Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141112986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert Weinstock, Sera Young, Alyssa Knaus, Jenna Messing, Vanessa Bly, Julius B. Lucks
Deficiencies in knowledge about water quality prevent or obscure progress on a panoply of public health problems globally. Specifically, such lack of information frustrates effective and efficient government regulation to protect the public from contaminated drinking water. In this Practical Paper, we lay out how recent scientific innovations in synthetic biology mean that rapid, at-home tests based on biosensor technology could be used to improve water quality monitoring and regulation using the example of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Lead and Copper Rule currently under revision. Biosensor tests can be used by non-scientists and the information that biosensor tests generate is relatively cheaper and faster than standard laboratory techniques. As such, they have the potential to make it possible to increase the number and frequency of samples tested. This, in turn, could facilitate more accurate compliance monitoring, justify more protective substantive standards, and more efficiently identify infrastructure priorities. Biosensors can also empower historically underrepresented communities by facilitating the visibility of inequities in lead exposure, help utilities to ensure safe water delivery, and guide policy for identifying and replacing lead-bearing water infrastructure, thereby improving public health. As the technology matures, biosensors have great potential to reveal water quality issues, thereby reducing public health burdens.
{"title":"When it comes to lead in water, new biosensing technology can reveal what the eyes cannot see and what the rules do not yet stop","authors":"Robert Weinstock, Sera Young, Alyssa Knaus, Jenna Messing, Vanessa Bly, Julius B. Lucks","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2024.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2024.019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Deficiencies in knowledge about water quality prevent or obscure progress on a panoply of public health problems globally. Specifically, such lack of information frustrates effective and efficient government regulation to protect the public from contaminated drinking water. In this Practical Paper, we lay out how recent scientific innovations in synthetic biology mean that rapid, at-home tests based on biosensor technology could be used to improve water quality monitoring and regulation using the example of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Lead and Copper Rule currently under revision. Biosensor tests can be used by non-scientists and the information that biosensor tests generate is relatively cheaper and faster than standard laboratory techniques. As such, they have the potential to make it possible to increase the number and frequency of samples tested. This, in turn, could facilitate more accurate compliance monitoring, justify more protective substantive standards, and more efficiently identify infrastructure priorities. Biosensors can also empower historically underrepresented communities by facilitating the visibility of inequities in lead exposure, help utilities to ensure safe water delivery, and guide policy for identifying and replacing lead-bearing water infrastructure, thereby improving public health. As the technology matures, biosensors have great potential to reveal water quality issues, thereby reducing public health burdens.","PeriodicalId":513288,"journal":{"name":"AQUA — Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society","volume":"64 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141110639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuan Nan, Xiaojun Li, Shibin Zhu, Yuqiang Chen, Yang Chen, Guidong Liu, Xinxin Liu
This study primarily discusses the influence of internal structure on the performance of sludge concentrators. The focus is to evaluate the influence of internal structural changes on the improvement of sludge settling and clarifying efficiency through numerical simulation, so as to achieve the optimal design of sludge settling equipment parameters. The results show that with the increase of the bottom outlet width of the cone guide blade, the turbulence decreases, and the sludge thickening efficiency is significantly increased by about 27.1%, from 0.01036 at 300 mm to 0.0132 at 500 mm, which significantly improves the sludge settling and thickening efficiency. Also, the addition of the extended deflector significantly increased the bottom sludge settling concentration from 0.0129 to 0.0134 by about 3.87% and reduced the outlet suspended matter by about 13.6%. Obviously, the influence of effluent width and extended diversion length on sludge settling efficiency and water purification cannot be ignored. Therefore, an optimal design that takes into account the outlet width and the length of the extended deflector is critical to achieve optimal sludge concentration and water quality in the sludge concentrator. These findings provide numerical theoretical insights for improving the performance of sludge thickeners and the efficiency of water treatment.
本研究主要讨论内部结构对污泥浓缩池性能的影响。重点是通过数值模拟评估内部结构变化对提高污泥沉降和澄清效率的影响，从而实现污泥沉降设备参数的优化设计。结果表明，随着锥形导流叶片底部出口宽度的增加，湍流减小，污泥浓缩效率明显提高，从 300 mm 时的 0.01036 提高到 500 mm 时的 0.0132，提高了约 27.1%，显著提高了污泥沉降和浓缩效率。此外，加装加长导流板后，底部污泥沉降浓度从 0.0129 显著提高到 0.0134，提高了约 3.87%，出口悬浮物减少了约 13.6%。显然，出水宽度和延长导流长度对污泥沉降效率和水质净化的影响不容忽视。因此，考虑出水口宽度和扩展导流板长度的优化设计对于实现污泥浓缩池的最佳污泥浓度和水质至关重要。这些发现为提高污泥浓缩池的性能和水处理效率提供了数值理论启示。
{"title":"Research on the multiphase flow in a sludge concentrated tank and its structural optimization","authors":"Xuan Nan, Xiaojun Li, Shibin Zhu, Yuqiang Chen, Yang Chen, Guidong Liu, Xinxin Liu","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2024.082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2024.082","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This study primarily discusses the influence of internal structure on the performance of sludge concentrators. The focus is to evaluate the influence of internal structural changes on the improvement of sludge settling and clarifying efficiency through numerical simulation, so as to achieve the optimal design of sludge settling equipment parameters. The results show that with the increase of the bottom outlet width of the cone guide blade, the turbulence decreases, and the sludge thickening efficiency is significantly increased by about 27.1%, from 0.01036 at 300 mm to 0.0132 at 500 mm, which significantly improves the sludge settling and thickening efficiency. Also, the addition of the extended deflector significantly increased the bottom sludge settling concentration from 0.0129 to 0.0134 by about 3.87% and reduced the outlet suspended matter by about 13.6%. Obviously, the influence of effluent width and extended diversion length on sludge settling efficiency and water purification cannot be ignored. Therefore, an optimal design that takes into account the outlet width and the length of the extended deflector is critical to achieve optimal sludge concentration and water quality in the sludge concentrator. These findings provide numerical theoretical insights for improving the performance of sludge thickeners and the efficiency of water treatment.","PeriodicalId":513288,"journal":{"name":"AQUA — Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society","volume":"29 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141109406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yoojin Oh, Haekeum Park, Kibum Kim, Taehyeon Kim, J. Hyung, J. Koo
Maintenance and replacement of aging water pipes are critical for urban development. To this end, trenchless rehabilitation methods that do not require excavation offer an efficient replacement for aging water pipes. Thus, this study developed a trenchless method using die drawing, which continuously inserts polyethylene (PE) liners into the reach point while maintaining traction in the host aging pipe. If the traction is removed after a certain period, the initially contracted liner pipe undergoes expansion under natural restoration and tightly adheres to the inner wall of the host pipe to achieve structural regeneration of the aging pipe. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing the die drawing process using a rehabilitation design. Accordingly, we experimented with the die drawing method to achieve structural reinforcement using high elasticity PE liners. Thereafter, based on the experimental data, we developed prediction models to estimate traction, pipe restoration rate after traction release, and pipe restoration period. The developed models estimated the minimum required restoration period and provided deeper insights into the restoration behavior of the die drawing method employed in pre-equipment maintenance before on-site construction.
{"title":"Development of die drawing design factor prediction models for trenchless rehabilitation of water pipes: a case study","authors":"Yoojin Oh, Haekeum Park, Kibum Kim, Taehyeon Kim, J. Hyung, J. Koo","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2024.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2024.006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Maintenance and replacement of aging water pipes are critical for urban development. To this end, trenchless rehabilitation methods that do not require excavation offer an efficient replacement for aging water pipes. Thus, this study developed a trenchless method using die drawing, which continuously inserts polyethylene (PE) liners into the reach point while maintaining traction in the host aging pipe. If the traction is removed after a certain period, the initially contracted liner pipe undergoes expansion under natural restoration and tightly adheres to the inner wall of the host pipe to achieve structural regeneration of the aging pipe. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing the die drawing process using a rehabilitation design. Accordingly, we experimented with the die drawing method to achieve structural reinforcement using high elasticity PE liners. Thereafter, based on the experimental data, we developed prediction models to estimate traction, pipe restoration rate after traction release, and pipe restoration period. The developed models estimated the minimum required restoration period and provided deeper insights into the restoration behavior of the die drawing method employed in pre-equipment maintenance before on-site construction.","PeriodicalId":513288,"journal":{"name":"AQUA — Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society","volume":"7 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141120287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. E. Whaley, Laura Benton, Brendan Bromwich, A. Mijic, Eloise Rousseau, Marie-Pierre Whaley, B. Dobson
To address urban growth, resource competition, and environmental degradation, effective integrated water planning is crucial. In the UK, policy frameworks like the 25-Year Plan for the environment and the National Framework for Water Resources stress the need for a systemic approach. Despite efforts in stakeholder engagement and meta-models, integrating physical and human aspects in water management remains a challenge. This paper introduces a multi-level framework for regional water planning, demonstrated through London's Sub-Regional Integrated Water Management Strategy (SIWMS). The framework, depicted as an inverted triangle, starts with conceptual analysis, gathering stakeholder insights and data. Integrated modelling creates a baseline for scenario assessment, providing evidence through metrics and simulations. Integrated planning focuses on collaboration for option selection and implementation. Results show the framework's effectiveness for systems-level analysis at the river basin scale. The logical progression facilitates stakeholder engagement, enhancing shared understanding. The Water Systems Integration Modelling (WSIMOD) Framework allows simultaneous assessment of interventions on various indicators, aiding in prioritising multi-benefit schemes and identifying potential negative impacts. The study supports the prioritisation of schemes like Sustainable Drainage System (SuDS) and emphasises the importance of a multi-level collaborative approach for robust, stakeholder-supported regional water planning to achieve effective implementation of planning and environmental policies.
{"title":"Implementing a systemic approach to water management: piloting a novel multi-level collaborative integrated water management framework in east London","authors":"M. E. Whaley, Laura Benton, Brendan Bromwich, A. Mijic, Eloise Rousseau, Marie-Pierre Whaley, B. Dobson","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2024.261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2024.261","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To address urban growth, resource competition, and environmental degradation, effective integrated water planning is crucial. In the UK, policy frameworks like the 25-Year Plan for the environment and the National Framework for Water Resources stress the need for a systemic approach. Despite efforts in stakeholder engagement and meta-models, integrating physical and human aspects in water management remains a challenge. This paper introduces a multi-level framework for regional water planning, demonstrated through London's Sub-Regional Integrated Water Management Strategy (SIWMS). The framework, depicted as an inverted triangle, starts with conceptual analysis, gathering stakeholder insights and data. Integrated modelling creates a baseline for scenario assessment, providing evidence through metrics and simulations. Integrated planning focuses on collaboration for option selection and implementation. Results show the framework's effectiveness for systems-level analysis at the river basin scale. The logical progression facilitates stakeholder engagement, enhancing shared understanding. The Water Systems Integration Modelling (WSIMOD) Framework allows simultaneous assessment of interventions on various indicators, aiding in prioritising multi-benefit schemes and identifying potential negative impacts. The study supports the prioritisation of schemes like Sustainable Drainage System (SuDS) and emphasises the importance of a multi-level collaborative approach for robust, stakeholder-supported regional water planning to achieve effective implementation of planning and environmental policies.","PeriodicalId":513288,"journal":{"name":"AQUA — Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society","volume":" 1115","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140988647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Omera Sarwar, Ruba Munir, Nageen Mushtaq, H. Ambreen, Muhammad Zeeshan Bashir, Maryam Sana, Amna Muneer, Murtaza Sayed, S. Noreen
Wastewater from industries contributes significantly to pollution. Adsorption of acidic dye using by nanohybrid biopolymeric hydrogels has evolved as one of the viable techniques. Graphene oxide (GO)/chitosan (CS)–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), GO/starch–PVA, and GO/agar–PVA hydrogels were synthesized. The results revealed that the following results are the ideal values: GO/CS–PVA: 3 pH (8.251 mg g−1), 0.05 g/50mL dosage (8.251 mg g−1), 90 min (8.251 mg g−1), 12 ppm dye concentration (8.251 mg g−1), and 30 °C (8.251 mg g−1); for GO/starch–PVA: 2 pH (7.437 mg g−1), 0.05 g/50 mL dosage (7.437 mg g−1), 90 min (7.437 mg g−1), 12 ppm dye concentration (7.437 mg g−1), and 30 °C (7.437 mg g−1); and for GO/agar–PVA; 3 pH (6.142 mg g−1), 0.05 g/50 mL dosage (6.142 mg g−1), 90 min (6.142 mg g−1), 12 ppm dye concentration (6.142 mg g−1), 30 °C (6.142 mg g−1). GO/CS–PVA outperformed the other hydrogels. The Langmuir model suited GO/CS–PVA data, while GO/starch–PVA and GO/agar–PVA hydrogels followed Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption capacity data followed a pseudo-second-order model. Negative value of Gibbs free energy and enthalpy showed that the reactions were spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The presence of heavy metals, electrolytes, and detergents/surfactants affected the dye adsorption. Entropy changes positive values implied that randomness raised at the solid/solution contact. The desorption (60, 55, and 58%) of GO/CS–PVA, GO/starch–PVA, and GO/agar–PVA hydrogels was obtained using 0.5 N NaOH. Scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) were used for characterization.
{"title":"Synthesis, utilization, and recycling of graphene oxide-based nanohybrid biopolymeric hydrogels for purification of dye wastewater","authors":"Omera Sarwar, Ruba Munir, Nageen Mushtaq, H. Ambreen, Muhammad Zeeshan Bashir, Maryam Sana, Amna Muneer, Murtaza Sayed, S. Noreen","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2024.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2024.033","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Wastewater from industries contributes significantly to pollution. Adsorption of acidic dye using by nanohybrid biopolymeric hydrogels has evolved as one of the viable techniques. Graphene oxide (GO)/chitosan (CS)–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), GO/starch–PVA, and GO/agar–PVA hydrogels were synthesized. The results revealed that the following results are the ideal values: GO/CS–PVA: 3 pH (8.251 mg g−1), 0.05 g/50mL dosage (8.251 mg g−1), 90 min (8.251 mg g−1), 12 ppm dye concentration (8.251 mg g−1), and 30 °C (8.251 mg g−1); for GO/starch–PVA: 2 pH (7.437 mg g−1), 0.05 g/50 mL dosage (7.437 mg g−1), 90 min (7.437 mg g−1), 12 ppm dye concentration (7.437 mg g−1), and 30 °C (7.437 mg g−1); and for GO/agar–PVA; 3 pH (6.142 mg g−1), 0.05 g/50 mL dosage (6.142 mg g−1), 90 min (6.142 mg g−1), 12 ppm dye concentration (6.142 mg g−1), 30 °C (6.142 mg g−1). GO/CS–PVA outperformed the other hydrogels. The Langmuir model suited GO/CS–PVA data, while GO/starch–PVA and GO/agar–PVA hydrogels followed Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption capacity data followed a pseudo-second-order model. Negative value of Gibbs free energy and enthalpy showed that the reactions were spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The presence of heavy metals, electrolytes, and detergents/surfactants affected the dye adsorption. Entropy changes positive values implied that randomness raised at the solid/solution contact. The desorption (60, 55, and 58%) of GO/CS–PVA, GO/starch–PVA, and GO/agar–PVA hydrogels was obtained using 0.5 N NaOH. Scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) were used for characterization.","PeriodicalId":513288,"journal":{"name":"AQUA — Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140993679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human encroachment, urban and agricultural expansion, frequent droughts, eutrophication, infestation of weeds, and overexploitation of resources has predominantly impacted the water quality and biodiversity of the Baraila wetland. The present seasonal study has aimed to explore an under-researched subject of analyzing the water quality of the wetland through multi-metric biomonitoring approaches in 2022. A total of 24 water and benthic samples were collected from the four sampling locations. All the water parameters were within a suitable range to support diverse range of flora and fauna, except total suspended solids (TSS) and nutrient, indicating toward the impact of agricultural expansion in the wetland's area. Out of the 13 identified families of benthic macroinvertebrates, the semi-tolerant family of Viviparidae and Bithyniidae has dominated the wetland, with a relative abundance of 27.04 and 37.77%, respectively, in the comparative seasons. Moreover, the indices used in the study has categorized the wetland under moderately polluted condition. The Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) analysis has revealed the sensitivity toward organic pollution and habitat preferences has played major role in the species-specific assemblage of benthic community. The Mantel's correlogram further validates that the moderately polluted status of wetland has favored semi-tolerant to tolerant fauna in the wetland.
{"title":"Multi-metric biomonitoring of a seasonally flooded Baraila wetland using benthic macroinvertebrates as indicator organisms in the middle Ganga River Basin (Vaishali), India","authors":"Divya, Anupma Kumari","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2024.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2024.024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Human encroachment, urban and agricultural expansion, frequent droughts, eutrophication, infestation of weeds, and overexploitation of resources has predominantly impacted the water quality and biodiversity of the Baraila wetland. The present seasonal study has aimed to explore an under-researched subject of analyzing the water quality of the wetland through multi-metric biomonitoring approaches in 2022. A total of 24 water and benthic samples were collected from the four sampling locations. All the water parameters were within a suitable range to support diverse range of flora and fauna, except total suspended solids (TSS) and nutrient, indicating toward the impact of agricultural expansion in the wetland's area. Out of the 13 identified families of benthic macroinvertebrates, the semi-tolerant family of Viviparidae and Bithyniidae has dominated the wetland, with a relative abundance of 27.04 and 37.77%, respectively, in the comparative seasons. Moreover, the indices used in the study has categorized the wetland under moderately polluted condition. The Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) analysis has revealed the sensitivity toward organic pollution and habitat preferences has played major role in the species-specific assemblage of benthic community. The Mantel's correlogram further validates that the moderately polluted status of wetland has favored semi-tolerant to tolerant fauna in the wetland.","PeriodicalId":513288,"journal":{"name":"AQUA — Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society","volume":" 83","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140991028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A pipe condition assessment model is required to implement effective and economical planned maintenance of the water distribution system. The application of such a model requires sufficient accuracy, which, however, is limited by the complexity of the pipe deterioration process and storage capacity of the water utility. The majority of previous studies have focused on the improvement of assessment algorithms for data mining. In this study, a mechanistic deterioration point assignment (MDPA) model is developed to make advancements in the modes of data input and result output to enhance the model's accuracy and application scope for cast iron and steel pipes. In this MDPA model, (1) indicators/sub-indicators on external corrosion, external load, internal corrosion, and internal load are constructed and can be obtained by data estimation or techniques and (2) assessment results include both pipe overall condition and detailed conditions on pipe corrosion and load, offering evidence for primary maintenance measures. The weights of the indicators/sub-indicators are estimated using the Bayesian statistics theory. The modelling results of pipe samples demonstrate that this MDPA model is an effective tool for pipe condition assessment.
{"title":"A mechanistic deterioration point assignment model for water pipe condition assessment","authors":"Ziyi Zhu, Chenwan Wang, Yijie Feng, Jialun Xie","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2024.077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2024.077","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 A pipe condition assessment model is required to implement effective and economical planned maintenance of the water distribution system. The application of such a model requires sufficient accuracy, which, however, is limited by the complexity of the pipe deterioration process and storage capacity of the water utility. The majority of previous studies have focused on the improvement of assessment algorithms for data mining. In this study, a mechanistic deterioration point assignment (MDPA) model is developed to make advancements in the modes of data input and result output to enhance the model's accuracy and application scope for cast iron and steel pipes. In this MDPA model, (1) indicators/sub-indicators on external corrosion, external load, internal corrosion, and internal load are constructed and can be obtained by data estimation or techniques and (2) assessment results include both pipe overall condition and detailed conditions on pipe corrosion and load, offering evidence for primary maintenance measures. The weights of the indicators/sub-indicators are estimated using the Bayesian statistics theory. The modelling results of pipe samples demonstrate that this MDPA model is an effective tool for pipe condition assessment.","PeriodicalId":513288,"journal":{"name":"AQUA — Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141011572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyunjun Kim, Kwangjun Jung, Sumin Lee, Eunhye Jeong
This study introduces an innovative diagnostic approach for identifying gate-valve failures in water distribution systems. By implementing high-frequency pressure sensors upstream and downstream of the gate valves, we obtained detailed pressure data that are pivotal for fault diagnosis. We explored three distinct machine-learning algorithms and two data-handling techniques to ensure optimal performance in real-world applications. In our methodology, supervised learning algorithms are used to analyze pressure differentials and predict valve behavior. We rigorously tested these algorithms using both raw and feature-engineered data, and the results indicated the effectiveness of the Gaussian-naïve Bayes model with six extracted features. This approach enhances the precision and reliability of diagnostics in water distribution networks.
{"title":"Enhanced gate-valve failure detection in water distribution networks using ML and pressure data","authors":"Hyunjun Kim, Kwangjun Jung, Sumin Lee, Eunhye Jeong","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2024.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2024.009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This study introduces an innovative diagnostic approach for identifying gate-valve failures in water distribution systems. By implementing high-frequency pressure sensors upstream and downstream of the gate valves, we obtained detailed pressure data that are pivotal for fault diagnosis. We explored three distinct machine-learning algorithms and two data-handling techniques to ensure optimal performance in real-world applications. In our methodology, supervised learning algorithms are used to analyze pressure differentials and predict valve behavior. We rigorously tested these algorithms using both raw and feature-engineered data, and the results indicated the effectiveness of the Gaussian-naïve Bayes model with six extracted features. This approach enhances the precision and reliability of diagnostics in water distribution networks.","PeriodicalId":513288,"journal":{"name":"AQUA — Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society","volume":"146 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141015405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nora Fayssal, Lara Al Tawil, H. Danageuzian, Mira Sabat, Hana ElMerehbi, Dovan Darazi, Macole Sabat, Roy Roukos, Sara Abou Dargham, Jimmy Romanos
Lebanon's economic crisis has disrupted the country's energy and water sectors, highlighting their interdependence. The methodology involves surveying 150 municipalities across all Lebanese governorates, ensuring a comprehensive coverage of public and private water resources. Data on water and energy were collected before and during the crisis to explore this nexus during periods of economic turmoil. The findings reveal a decline in water provision during the crisis, with the average weekly water supply plummeting from 49 h in 2019 to 22 h in 2023. Concurrently, the use of water tankers has surged from 26 to 44%, indicating a concerning shift in water acquisition methods. Despite the crisis, conventional water sources remain predominant, while unconventional sources account for less than 1% of the total supply. In response to the energy shortage, renewable energy sources have gained traction in residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. The scarcity and rising cost of electricity have driven the adoption of solar photovoltaics in the water sector, reaching 4.8% for extraction from underground reservoirs and 2.8% for distribution. Similarly, the use of solar water heaters has increased from 7.9 to 15.4% in 2023. These findings underscore the interplay between energy and water security during periods of economic instability.
{"title":"Navigating the water–energy nexus amidst the Lebanese economic crisis","authors":"Nora Fayssal, Lara Al Tawil, H. Danageuzian, Mira Sabat, Hana ElMerehbi, Dovan Darazi, Macole Sabat, Roy Roukos, Sara Abou Dargham, Jimmy Romanos","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2024.329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2024.329","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Lebanon's economic crisis has disrupted the country's energy and water sectors, highlighting their interdependence. The methodology involves surveying 150 municipalities across all Lebanese governorates, ensuring a comprehensive coverage of public and private water resources. Data on water and energy were collected before and during the crisis to explore this nexus during periods of economic turmoil. The findings reveal a decline in water provision during the crisis, with the average weekly water supply plummeting from 49 h in 2019 to 22 h in 2023. Concurrently, the use of water tankers has surged from 26 to 44%, indicating a concerning shift in water acquisition methods. Despite the crisis, conventional water sources remain predominant, while unconventional sources account for less than 1% of the total supply. In response to the energy shortage, renewable energy sources have gained traction in residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. The scarcity and rising cost of electricity have driven the adoption of solar photovoltaics in the water sector, reaching 4.8% for extraction from underground reservoirs and 2.8% for distribution. Similarly, the use of solar water heaters has increased from 7.9 to 15.4% in 2023. These findings underscore the interplay between energy and water security during periods of economic instability.","PeriodicalId":513288,"journal":{"name":"AQUA — Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society","volume":"95 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141017615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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