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Absorptive capacity, learning and profiting from outward FDI: Evidence from Canadian firms 吸收能力、从对外直接投资中学习和获利:来自加拿大公司的证据
IF 8.9 1区 管理学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwb.2023.101427
Walid Hejazi , Jianmin Tang , Weimin Wang

The extant literature highlights a threshold productivity level firms are required to attain ex-ante in order to successfully undertake FDI. The current paper extends this framework by modelling a threshold productivity range which is below the required threshold productivity level. Firms in this range can successfully venture abroad when learning allows these firms to rise above that threshold productivity level, ex-post. Theoretical models which predict negative profitability for firms which undertake FDI when below the required threshold productivity level are extended to incorporate learning, and negative profits during the transition path turn positive once productivity increases above the threshold productivity level. The hypotheses developed are tested using panel data on firms operating in Canada over the period 2000 to 2014. These firm-level data include measures of productivity, firm size, R&D intensity, and when firms undertake outward FDI. We demonstrate that firms which venture abroad while in the threshold productivity range and also have sufficiently high levels of absorptive capacity, proxied by R&D intensity, are able to learn from their foreign experience, and hence increase their productivity levels, ex-post.

现有的文献强调了一个门槛生产率水平,企业需要事先达到,以便成功地进行外国直接投资。本文通过对低于所需阈值生产率水平的阈值生产率范围进行建模,扩展了这一框架。在这个范围内的公司可以成功地在国外冒险,当学习允许这些公司超越门槛生产力水平,事后。理论模型预测了在低于所需的生产率门槛水平时进行外国直接投资的企业的负盈利能力,并将学习纳入其中,并且一旦生产率提高到阈值生产率水平以上,过渡路径中的负利润就会变为正利润。利用2000年至2014年期间在加拿大经营的公司的面板数据对所提出的假设进行了检验。这些企业层面的数据包括生产率、企业规模、研发强度和企业进行对外直接投资的时间。我们证明,在生产率阈值范围内进行海外投资的公司,也有足够高的吸收能力水平,以研发强度为代表,能够从他们的国外经验中学习,从而提高他们的生产率水平。
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引用次数: 0
When does the internationalization process begin? Problematizing temporal boundaries in international business 国际化进程何时开始?国际商务中的时间界限问题
IF 8.9 1区 管理学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwb.2022.101423
Alexandra Kriz , Maria Rumyantseva , Catherine Welch

Recently there has been greater interest among international business researchers in studying processes and their temporal dimensions. We examine one such dimension by problematizing when processes are deemed to commence or end. Reperiodizing the start and end points of a process under study affects the theoretical conclusions about the process itself. We develop a methodology for reperiodization and apply it to an empirical study into the internationalization process of a type of new venture: the spinoff firm. Our conclusions specify the theoretical insights gained through reperiodization, demonstrating how this research strategy can be used to study processes in international business.

最近,国际商务研究人员对研究过程及其时间维度的兴趣越来越大。我们通过在流程被认为开始或结束时提出问题来检查这样一个维度。对所研究过程的起点和终点进行重新周期化会影响过程本身的理论结论。我们开发了一种再周期化的方法,并将其应用于一种新型企业的国际化过程的实证研究:分拆公司。我们的结论具体说明了通过重新分期获得的理论见解,展示了如何将这种研究策略用于研究国际商业过程。
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引用次数: 2
Three decades of research on practice transfer in multinational firms: Past contributions and future opportunities 跨国公司实践转移的三十年研究:过去的贡献与未来的机遇
IF 8.9 1区 管理学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwb.2023.101430
Johann Fortwengel , Gabriela Gutierrez Huerter O , Tatiana Kostova

The cross-border transfer of practices lies at the heart of how multinational enterprises (MNEs) coordinate their international business activities. Research on transfer has increased substantially over the last three decades and now constitutes a well-established literature. For a systematic analysis, we review a sample of 167 articles published in 18 top journals. We structure these past contributions in a ‘Practice Transfer Framework.’ Our mapping reveals some limitations and blind spots in existing theoretical and methodological approaches. Beyond more conventional extensions, we offer several ideas that could qualitatively elevate research on transfer, commensurate with the paradigms of 21st century global business.

跨国企业(MNEs)如何协调其国际业务活动的核心是实践的跨境转移。在过去的三十年中,对迁移的研究大大增加,现在已经形成了一个完善的文献。为了进行系统分析,我们回顾了发表在18个顶级期刊上的167篇文章的样本。我们将这些过去的贡献构建在“实践转移框架”中。“我们的地图揭示了现有理论和方法方法的一些局限性和盲点。除了更传统的扩展之外,我们还提出了一些与21世纪全球商业范式相称的观点,这些观点可以从质的角度提升对转移的研究。
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引用次数: 1
Re-examining foreign subsidiary survival in a transition economy: Impact of market identity overlap and conflict 重新审视转轨经济中外资子公司的生存:市场认同重叠与冲突的影响
IF 8.9 1区 管理学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwb.2023.101432
Chenguang Hu , Jiatao Li , Kyung Hwan Yun

Taking an identity perspective from the organizational ecology literature, we re-examine foreign subsidiary survival in a transition economy. State-owned enterprises (SOEs) with a socialist identity and privately owned enterprises (POEs) with a market identity exert different influences on foreign-owned enterprises (FOEs). SOEs and POEs affect the survival of FOEs primarily through the cognitive legitimation process. SOEs tend to crowd out FOEs due to identity conflict. Owing to identity overlap, POEs tend to increase the survival chances of FOEs. The level of socialist legacy in regions where FOEs are located affects the sociopolitical legitimacy of FOEs’ market identity, thus moderating the relationships between SOE and POE density and the survival of foreign subsidiaries.

本文从组织生态学文献的认同视角,重新审视转型经济中外资子公司的生存。具有社会主义认同的国有企业和具有市场认同的民营企业对外资企业的影响是不同的。国有企业和民营企业主要通过认知合法化过程影响敌人的生存。国企往往会因为身份冲突而排挤敌人。由于身份重叠,poe倾向于增加敌人的生存机会。外商独资企业所在地区的社会主义遗产水平会影响外商独资企业市场身份的社会政治合法性,从而调节国有企业和外商独资企业密度与外国子公司生存之间的关系。
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引用次数: 4
Global employees and exogenous shocks: considering positive psychological capital as a personal resource in international human resource management 全球员工与外生冲击:积极心理资本作为国际人力资源管理中的个人资源
IF 8.9 1区 管理学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwb.2023.101444
Sina A. Kraus , Benjamin D. Blake , Marion Festing , Margaret A. Shaffer

While positive psychological capital (PsyCap) is a significant antecedent of favorable work outcomes, it is unclear whether this is true for global employees during an exogenous shock. Applying conservation of resources theory, we found that, under conditions of crisis-induced role novelty, global employees leveraged PsyCap to follow a resource-gain route to job satisfaction, whereas their ability to mitigate resource loss was limited. We differentiate among global employees, finding that role novelty compensated for lower PsyCap in motivating job engagement for those with higher travel obligations. Our results stress the importance of PsyCap in international human resource management scholarship and practice.

虽然积极心理资本(PsyCap)是良好工作结果的重要前提,但目前尚不清楚这是否适用于外生冲击中的全球员工。运用资源守恒理论,我们发现,在危机引发的角色新颖性条件下,全球员工利用心理cap遵循资源获得途径获得工作满意度,而他们减轻资源损失的能力有限。我们对全球员工进行了区分,发现对于那些出差较多的员工来说,角色新颖性在激励工作投入方面弥补了心理cap较低的不足。我们的研究结果强调了PsyCap在国际人力资源管理学术和实践中的重要性。
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引用次数: 5
‘How do firms reach out to foreign universities? Inventors’ personal characteristics and the multinational structure of firms’ “企业如何与外国大学接触?”发明者的个人特征与跨国公司结构
IF 8.9 1区 管理学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwb.2023.101431
Claudio Fassio , Aldo Geuna , Federica Rossi

We analyze the determinants of firm-based inventors’ collaborations with universities abroad, comparing them with collaborations with national universities. We propose a micro-founded theoretical framework that introduces the role of personal linkages and global organizational pipelines as drivers of international academic collaborations, and we empirically investigate collaborations with national and international universities in a sample of inventors in Italy. We find that in general international collaborations depend positively on inventors working for multinational enterprises (MNEs). Instead for collaborations with national universities, the personal local linkages of the inventors play a large role. However, we also find that for collaborations with very distant universities abroad, such as US ones, working for an MNE is less crucial and the personal linkages of inventors become more important. In this case being an inventor with a network of foreign colleagues and with greater acquaintance with the norms of open science facilitates the interaction. This applies also to inventors who work for MNEs. The results point to a hybrid model of global linkages in the case of collaborations between firms and universities, in which both the personal international linkages of the inventors and the global organizational pipelines of MNEs play an important role.

我们分析了企业发明家与国外大学合作的决定因素,并将其与国内大学的合作进行了比较。我们提出了一个微观基础的理论框架,介绍了个人联系和全球组织管道作为国际学术合作驱动因素的作用,我们在意大利发明家的样本中实证调查了与国内和国际大学的合作。我们发现,一般来说,国际合作积极地依赖于为跨国企业(MNEs)工作的发明者。在与国立大学的合作中,发明人在当地的个人联系发挥了很大的作用。然而,我们还发现,对于与非常遥远的国外大学(如美国大学)的合作,为跨国公司工作不那么重要,发明者的个人联系变得更加重要。在这种情况下,作为一个拥有外国同事网络的发明家,更熟悉开放科学的规范,有助于互动。这也适用于为跨国公司工作的发明家。研究结果指出,在公司和大学之间合作的情况下,全球联系的混合模型,其中发明者的个人国际联系和跨国公司的全球组织管道都起着重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Winning intellectual property rights lawsuits in China 在中国赢得知识产权诉讼
IF 8.9 1区 管理学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwb.2023.101429
Sunny Li Sun , Yoona Choi , Feng Guo , Jinyu Guo , Bo Zou , Lin Cui

What influences foreign plaintiffs’ likelihood of winning intellectual property rights (IPR) lawsuits in an emerging economy such as China? From an institution-based view, prior scholarly debate presents two competing perspectives on the evolving IPR regime in China, focusing on the incentives of internal development and the pressures of external legitimacy respectively. We integrate these two perspectives to examine the effects of regional research and development (R&D) investment on the likelihood of foreign plaintiffs winning IPR lawsuits. We identify a direct effect reflecting the evolving economic incentives of host regions, and two mediating pathways that correspond to the legal strategies employed by foreign plaintiffs to apply external legitimacy pressure on host region legal institutions. Our analyses of a sample of 1103 IPR disputes between foreign plaintiffs and local defendants in Chinese courts from 2008 to 2017 provide support to our arguments.

是什么影响了外国原告在中国等新兴经济体赢得知识产权诉讼的可能性?从基于制度的角度来看,先前的学术辩论对中国知识产权制度的演变提出了两种相互竞争的观点,分别关注内部发展的动机和外部合法性的压力。我们将这两种观点结合起来,考察了区域研发投资对外国原告在知识产权诉讼中获胜可能性的影响。我们确定了反映东道国不断变化的经济激励的直接效应,以及与外国原告对东道国法律机构施加外部合法性压力的法律策略相对应的两种中介途径。我们对2008年至2017年中国法院1103起外国原告与本地被告之间的知识产权纠纷样本进行了分析,为我们的论点提供了支持。
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引用次数: 0
Multinational family firms’ internationalization depth and breadth following the global financial crisis 全球金融危机后跨国家族企业国际化的深度和广度
IF 8.9 1区 管理学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwb.2023.101428
Sebastian P.L. Fourné , Miriam Zschoche , Christian Schwens , Reddi Kotha

This study examines how large family firms react to a macroeconomic shock in terms of their internationalization depth and breadth. Building on new internalization theory and acknowledging the dysfunctional manifestations of bifurcation bias in large family-owned MNEs, we argue that an unexpected shock induces family firms to recombine their family firm-specific resources with their thus far underutilized or unequally treated nonfamily resources. This recombination allows most family firms to economize on bifurcation bias and leverage their resources as firm-specific advantages (FSAs) resulting in an increased depth and breadth of internationalization post shock (while some of them may continue to suffer from bifurcation bias). Testing our theory on a panel dataset incorporating large family-owned (compared to nonfamily-owned) MNEs headquartered in Germany before and after the global financial crisis lends support to our theory. We discuss how our study contributes to new internalization theory, to the broader IB literature on MNEs’ unexpected shock response, and to family firm internationalization research.

本研究考察了大型家族企业在国际化深度和广度方面如何应对宏观经济冲击。基于新的内部化理论,并承认分叉偏差在大型家族跨国公司中的功能失调表现,我们认为,意外冲击会促使家族企业将其家族企业特有的资源与迄今未充分利用或未得到平等对待的非家族资源进行重组。这种重组使大多数家族企业能够减少分叉偏差,并利用其资源作为企业特定优势(FSAs),从而在冲击后增加国际化的深度和广度(而其中一些家族企业可能继续遭受分叉偏差)。在全球金融危机前后,在一个包含总部位于德国的大型家族企业(与非家族企业相比)的面板数据集上测试我们的理论,为我们的理论提供了支持。我们讨论了我们的研究如何为新的内部化理论、更广泛的关于跨国公司意外冲击反应的IB文献以及家族企业国际化研究做出贡献。
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引用次数: 3
Weathering storms – Technological exploration of MNCs in times of financial crisis 风化风暴——金融危机时期跨国公司的技术探索
IF 8.9 1区 管理学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwb.2022.101416
Katarina Blomkvist , Philip Kappen , Ivo Zander

We generate new knowledge about financial crises and their consequences for MNC technological development, thereby addressing a largely uncharted issue at the crossroads of the organization, strategy and international business literatures. Drawing on threat-rigidity theory, we argue that financial crises have an overall negative effect on MNC technological exploration and that the strength of the effect differs across greenfield and acquired subsidiaries. Results from an empirical investigation of 21 MNCs over the 1890–2008 period suggest that the dampening effect of financial crises on technological exploration is confined to home-country units and greenfield subsidiaries, whereas it is found to be of less significance among acquired foreign subsidiaries. We suggest that such differentiation within the MNC is indicative of a previously unobserved advantage from multinationality, which allows it to smoothen the effects of financial crises on long-term technological development and corporate growth.

我们产生了关于金融危机及其对跨国公司技术发展的影响的新知识,从而在组织,战略和国际商业文献的十字路口解决了一个很大程度上未知的问题。根据威胁-刚性理论,我们认为金融危机对跨国公司的技术探索具有总体的负面影响,并且这种影响的强度在新建子公司和收购子公司之间有所不同。对21家跨国公司1890-2008年的实证调查结果表明,金融危机对技术探索的抑制作用仅限于母国子公司和绿地子公司,而对收购的外国子公司的抑制作用则不那么显著。我们认为,跨国公司内部的这种差异表明,跨国性具有一种以前未被观察到的优势,这种优势使跨国公司能够缓和金融危机对长期技术发展和公司成长的影响。
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引用次数: 0
How do entrepreneurs' cross-cultural experiences contribute to entrepreneurial ecosystem performance? 企业家的跨文化经历如何促进创业生态系统绩效?
IF 8.9 1区 管理学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwb.2022.101398
Rui Shen , Hai Guo , Hongjia Ma

While research on the cross-cultural experience of entrepreneurs has demonstrated that exposure to diverse cultures is beneficial for new venture growth, it has neglected the performance implications of entrepreneurs’ cross-cultural experience at the ecosystem level. This study endeavors to explore the micro-macro link between cross-cultural entrepreneurs and the performance of entrepreneurial ecosystems in which they are embedded. Building on the dynamic capability perspective, we argue that entrepreneurial ecosystem orchestrators can leverage entrepreneurs’ cross-cultural experiences to develop ecosystem dynamic capabilities and consequently improve entrepreneurial ecosystem performance. Based on multi-wave survey data of 2,981 business incubators in China, our findings show that cross-cultural entrepreneurs are positively associated with entrepreneurial ecosystem performance via increased ecosystem innovation. Moreover, the integrative capability of ecosystem orchestrators moderates the relationship between cross-cultural entrepreneurs and ecosystem innovation. Our findings contribute to the literature on cross-cultural experience by extending it to the ecosystem level and inject fresh insights into the dynamic capability literature by uncovering the formation process of ecosystem dynamic capabilities.

虽然对企业家跨文化经验的研究表明,接触多元文化有利于新创企业的成长,但它忽视了企业家跨文化经验在生态系统层面对绩效的影响。本研究旨在探讨跨文化企业家与其所处的创业生态系统绩效之间的微观宏观联系。基于动态能力视角,本文认为创业生态系统协调者可以利用企业家的跨文化经验来发展生态系统动态能力,从而提高创业生态系统绩效。基于对中国2981家企业孵化器的多波调查数据,我们发现跨文化企业家通过生态系统创新的增加与创业生态系统绩效呈正相关。生态系统协调者的综合能力对跨文化企业家与生态系统创新之间的关系具有调节作用。我们的研究成果将跨文化经验的研究扩展到生态系统层面,为动态能力的研究注入了新的视角,揭示了生态系统动态能力的形成过程。
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of World Business
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