Consciousness and Cognition最新文献

英文中文

How can virtual reality help to understand consciousness? A thematic analysis of students' experiences in a novel virtual environment. 虚拟现实如何帮助我们理解意识？学生在虚拟环境中的体验专题分析。

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103792

Keelan R Gorman, Aimee Wrightson-Hester, Michael Landman, Warren Mansell

Research on consciousness typically presents stimuli and records the responses that follow, to infer the intervening processes. Yet, VR allows ecological validity by giving the user freedom to continuously control their sensory input across three spatial dimensions via head and eye movement. We designed a virtual world in which the angle of view relates to the information complexity of the sensory input. We assessed its acceptability and feasibility, and explored the first-person experience. Ten university students were immersed in two different novel environments, then a semi-structured interview, guided by first-person video footage of the VR experience, elicited participants' reports. The methodology proved feasible, and a thematic analysis was consistent with Mansell's (2024) control theory perspective, and to a lesser degree, Integrated Information Theory (IIT) and Global Workspace Theory (GWT). We conclude that novel virtual environments provide an accessible, dynamic and valid way to gather evidence regarding different theories of consciousness.

对意识的研究通常呈现刺激并记录随之而来的反应，以推断干预过程。然而，VR通过让用户自由地通过头部和眼睛的运动来持续控制他们在三个空间维度上的感官输入，从而实现了生态有效性。我们设计了一个虚拟世界，其中的视角与感官输入的信息复杂性有关。我们评估了它的可接受性和可行性，并探索了第一人称体验。10名大学生沉浸在两个不同的新环境中，然后在VR体验的第一人称视频片段的指导下进行半结构化采访，引出参与者的报告。该方法被证明是可行的，并且主题分析与Mansell（2024）的控制论观点一致，并且在较小程度上与集成信息论（IIT）和全局工作空间理论（GWT）一致。我们的结论是，新颖的虚拟环境提供了一种可访问的、动态的和有效的方式来收集关于不同意识理论的证据。

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引用次数: 0

Audiomotor temporal recalibration modulates feeling of control: Exploration through an online experiment and Bayesian modeling. 听觉运动时间重新校准调节控制感：通过在线实验和贝叶斯建模的探索。

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103806

Yoshimori Sugano

This online experiment aimed to replicate Sugano's (2021) findings on how exposure to delayed auditory feedback affects feeling of control (agency). Participants first adapted by repeatedly reproducing a sequence of seven, eight or nine tones on a single trial basis while receiving either immediate (10 ms) or delayed (110 ms) auditory feedback on their keypresses. This exposure aimed to recalibrate their timing perception. Following adaptation, they reproduced the sequence again. However, the computer would assume control of the tone pips starting with the fourth pip from the participants with 50 % probability, presenting them at a fixed interval (the average of the first three participant-initiated tones). Participants judged either whether their keypresses caused the tones (agency judgment: AJ) or if the tones felt synchronized with their keypresses (simultaneity judgment: SJ). Analyses revealed similar shifts in both judgments after exposure to delay, however, the AJ exhibited a greater shift compared to the SJ. In addition, the shift reflects a change in bias, not in sensitivity. The result aligns with Sugano's (2021) in-person study, suggesting online experiments can effectively explore agency.

这个在线实验旨在复制Sugano（2021）关于延迟听觉反馈如何影响控制感（代理）的发现。参与者首先通过在单次试验中反复重复7、8或9个音调序列来适应，同时接收即时（10毫秒）或延迟（110毫秒）的按键听觉反馈。这种暴露旨在重新校准他们的时间感知。在适应之后，他们再次复制了这个序列。然而，计算机将以50%的概率从参与者的第四个音调开始控制音调点，以固定的间隔（前三个参与者发起的音调的平均值）呈现它们。参与者判断他们的按键是否引起了音调（代理判断：AJ），或者音调是否与他们的按键同步（同时性判断：SJ）。分析显示，在接触延迟后，两种判断都发生了类似的变化，然而，与SJ相比，AJ表现出更大的变化。此外，这种变化反映了偏差的变化，而不是灵敏度的变化。该结果与Sugano（2021）的现场研究一致，表明在线实验可以有效地探索代理。

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引用次数: 0

“The Giant Black Elephant with white Tusks stood in a field of Green Grass”: Cognitive and brain mechanisms underlying aphantasia “长着白色獠牙的巨型黑象站在绿草地上”：认知和大脑机制背后的幻觉

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103790

Paula Argueta , Julia Dominguez , Josie Zachman , Paul Worthington , Rajesh K. Kana

Aphantasia, a spectrum of inabilities creating and perceiving mental images, is becoming more of a focus in continued research to better understand functions of sensory perception and imagination. Current research on aphantasia is still in an era of exploration to find its underlying neural mechanisms, comorbidities and comparing levels of visual imagery to other cognitive functions. Through a systematic review, this article explores the most influential developments in aphantasia research. The search included 3 databases-PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science. After a rigorous selection process, 52 studies are included in this review. The findings include new research themes across different studies such as relationships between aphantasia and diminished episodic and autobiographical memory, comorbidities including autism, attention, emotions, and neurobiological differences. By integrating diverse perspectives, this review aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the cognitive processes underlying mental imagery and offers implications for further development in aphantasia research.

幻像症是一种创造和感知心理图像的一系列障碍，它正成为持续研究的焦点，以更好地理解感官知觉和想象的功能。目前对失视症的研究仍处于探索其潜在的神经机制、合并症以及视觉意象与其他认知功能水平比较的时代。本文通过系统回顾，探讨了幻像研究中最具影响力的进展。搜索包括3个数据库：psycinfo、PubMed和Web of Science。经过严格的筛选过程，本综述纳入了52项研究。这些发现包括不同研究的新研究主题，如缺失症与情景记忆和自传式记忆减少之间的关系，包括自闭症在内的合并症，注意力，情绪和神经生物学差异。通过对不同视角的整合，本综述旨在加深对心理意象认知过程的理解，并为幻影症研究的进一步发展提供启示。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of the degree of action voluntariness on sense of agency in saccades 跳跳中行动自愿程度对代理感的影响

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103793

Julian Gutzeit , Lynn Huestegge

Experiencing a sense of agency (SoA), the feeling of being in control over one’s actions and their outcomes, typically requires intentional and voluntary actions. Prior research has compared the association of voluntary versus completely involuntary actions with the SoA. Here, we leveraged unique characteristics of oculomotor actions to partially manipulate the degree of action voluntariness. Participants performed either highly automatized prosaccades or highly controlled (voluntary) anti-saccades, triggering a gaze-contingent visual action effect. We assessed explicit SoA ratings and temporal action and effect binding as an implicit SoA measure. Anti-saccades were associated with stronger action binding compared to prosaccades, demonstrating a robust association between higher action voluntariness and a stronger implicit sense of action agency. We conclude that our manipulation of action voluntariness may have impacted the implicit phenomenological feeling of bodily agency, but it did not affect the SoA over effect outcomes or explicit agency perception.

体验代理感（SoA），即控制自己的行为及其结果的感觉，通常需要有意和自愿的行为。先前的研究比较了SoA中自愿行为与完全非自愿行为的关联。在这里，我们利用动眼肌动作的独特特征来部分操纵动作自愿的程度。参与者要么进行高度自动化的扫视，要么进行高度受控的（自愿的）反扫视，从而触发随凝视而定的视觉动作效应。我们评估了显式SoA评级以及作为隐式SoA度量的时间动作和效果绑定。反扫视与前扫视相比，具有更强的动作约束，这表明更高的行动自愿性与更强的内隐行动代理感之间存在强大的关联。我们的结论是，我们对行动自愿的操纵可能影响了身体代理的内隐现象学感觉，但它不影响SoA效应结果或外显代理感知。

引用次数: 0

Valence in perception: Are affective valence and visual brightness integral dimensions in visual experience? 感知中的情感：情绪情感和视觉亮度是视觉体验中不可或缺的两个维度吗？

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103783

Hilla Jacobson , Zohar Ongil , Daniel Algom , Marius Usher

A fundamental question in the domain of affect and conscious perception is whether the former can impact the latter. Traditionally, perception and affect were conceived as largely independent. Against this backdrop, it was recently argued that the affective valence of a stimulus can modulate the perceptual experience of its sensory features. An alternative hypothesis is that perceptual experiences have a valenced aspect over and above their sensory aspects, with these two aspects interacting and comprising integral perceptual dimensions. To test this, we carried out two experiments deploying Wendell Garner’s speeded classification paradigm to decide whether visual brightness and affective valence are separable or integral dimensions. We found Garner interference, documenting that brightness and valence are integral dimensions. We did not observe effects of congruity – responses to bright positive stimuli were not faster than to bright negative stimuli — providing no support for affect induced changes in the perception of brightness.

情感和有意识感知领域的一个基本问题是，前者是否会影响后者。传统上，人们认为知觉和情感在很大程度上是独立的。在此背景下，最近有一种观点认为，刺激物的情感价值可以调节对其感官特征的知觉体验。另一种假设是，知觉体验除了感官方面之外，还有情感方面，这两个方面相互作用，构成了完整的知觉维度。为了验证这一点，我们采用温德尔-加纳（Wendell Garner）的加速分类范式进行了两项实验，以确定视觉亮度和情感价位是可分离的还是不可分割的维度。我们没有观察到一致性的影响--对明亮的正面刺激的反应速度并不比对明亮的负面刺激的反应速度快--这就不支持情感会诱发亮度感知的变化。

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引用次数: 0

Better bridges: Integrating the neuroscience and philosophy of consciousness 更好的桥梁：整合神经科学与意识哲学。

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103774

Benjamin Kozuch

Contemporary consciousness research has given rise to numerous theories in both the philosophical and neuroscientific domains (such as higher-order theory and global neuronal workspace), raising the question as to how well each is supported. This article develops a relatively novel method for determining this, which is to use evidence, not just from a theory’s own domain, but also from its complementary domain (e.g., neuroscientific evidence is used to judge a philosophical theory, and vice versa). This approach works when a neuroscientific and a philosophical theory are conceptually linked, allowing evidence confirming or disconfirming one theory to do the same for the other. After developing this method, the article uses it to draw conclusions concerning some of our leading neuroscientific and philosophical theories of consciousness, including first- and second-order representationalism and theories emphasizing the prefrontal cortex’s role in consciousness.

当代意识研究在哲学和神经科学领域（如高阶理论和全局神经元工作空间）都产生了许多理论，这就提出了一个问题：每种理论的支持程度如何？本文提出了一种相对新颖的判断方法，即不仅使用理论自身领域的证据，还使用其互补领域的证据（例如，使用神经科学证据来判断哲学理论，反之亦然）。当神经科学理论和哲学理论在概念上相互关联时，这种方法就能发挥作用，使证实或不证实一种理论的证据也能用于另一种理论。在发展了这种方法之后，文章用它来得出一些关于意识的主要神经科学和哲学理论的结论，包括一阶和二阶表象主义以及强调前额叶皮层在意识中的作用的理论。

引用次数: 0

How mortality awareness regulates intertemporal Choice: A joint effect of endpoint reminder and retrospective episodic thinking 死亡意识如何调节时际选择：终点提醒和回溯性偶发思维的共同作用

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103787

Peng Wang , XT (XiaoTian) Wang

Although life is lived forward, it can only be understood backward. From the perspective of life-history theory, we propose that mortality reminders may induce backward thinking from the endpoint of life and regulate intertemporal choice between smaller-and-sooner (SS) and large-and-later rewards (LL), thereby helping individuals with time management. Experiment 1 compared the effects of mortality (endpoint) imagination with the imagination of being at age 70 and found that only mortality imagination significantly reduced delay discounting, the extent to which a delayed reward is discounted. In Experiment 2, mortality reminders companied by retrospective episodic mental time travel significantly reduced delay discounting compared to prospective episodic processing. However, the effect disappeared when the end-of-life reminder was replaced with an old-age (70 years) reminder. Highlighting the inevitability of death, coupled with retrospective episodic thinking, promoted future-oriented preferences, suggesting that end-of-life meditation is likely to induce retrospective mental time travels.

虽然生命是向前延续的，但对它的理解却只能是向后的。从生命史理论的角度出发，我们提出，死亡提醒可能会诱发从生命终点开始的逆向思维，并调节在较小且较快的回报（SS）和较大且较晚的回报（LL）之间的时际选择，从而帮助个体进行时间管理。实验 1 比较了死亡（终点）想象和 70 岁想象的效果，发现只有死亡想象能显著降低延迟折现，即延迟奖励的折现程度。在实验 2 中，与前瞻性历时性处理相比，伴随着回溯性历时性心理时空旅行的死亡提醒能显著降低延迟折现。然而，当临终提醒换成老年（70 岁）提醒时，这种效果就消失了。强调死亡的不可避免性，再加上回顾性历时思维，促进了面向未来的偏好，这表明临终冥想很可能会诱发回顾性心理时空旅行。

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引用次数: 0

Multiple independent components contribute to event-related potential correlates of conscious vision 多个独立成分对有意识视觉的事件相关电位相关性做出了贡献。

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103785

Elisabetta Colombari , Henry Railo

Research has revealed two major event-related potential (ERP) markers of visual awareness: the earlier Visual Awareness Negativity (VAN, around 150–250 ms after stimulus onset), and the following Late Positivity (LP, around 300–500 ms after stimulus onset). Understanding the neural sources that give rise to VAN and LP is important in order to understand what kind of neural processes underlie conscious visual perception. Although the ERPs afford high temporal resolution, their spatial resolution is limited because multiple separate neural sources sum up at the scalp level. In the present study, we sought to characterize the locations and time-courses of independent neural sources underlying the ERP correlates of visual awareness by means of Independent Component Analysis (ICA). ICA allows identifying and localizing the temporal dynamics of different neural sources that contribute to the ERP correlates of conscious perception. The present results show that the cortical sources of VAN are localized to posterior areas including occipital and temporal cortex, while LP reflects a combination of multiple sources distributed among frontal, parietal and occipito-temporal cortex. Our findings suggest that conscious vision correlates with dynamically changing neural sources, developing in part in “accumulative fashion”: consciousness-related activity initially arises in few early sources and, subsequently, additional sources are engaged as a function of time.

The results further suggest that even early latency neural sources that correlate with conscious perception may also associate with action-related processes.

研究揭示了视觉意识的两个主要事件相关电位（ERP）标记：早期的视觉意识负性（VAN，刺激开始后约 150-250 毫秒）和随后的晚期正性（LP，刺激开始后约 300-500 毫秒）。了解引起 VAN 和 LP 的神经源对于了解有意识视觉感知的神经过程非常重要。虽然ERPs具有很高的时间分辨率，但其空间分辨率却很有限，因为多个独立的神经源会在头皮水平相加。在本研究中，我们试图通过独立分量分析（ICA）来描述视觉意识的ERP相关性所依赖的独立神经源的位置和时间序列。ICA 可以识别和定位不同神经源的时间动态，这些神经源对有意识感知的 ERP 相关性做出了贡献。目前的研究结果表明，VAN 的皮质来源定位在后部区域，包括枕叶和颞叶皮质，而 LP 则反映了分布在额叶、顶叶和枕颞皮质的多个来源的组合。我们的研究结果表明，有意识视觉与动态变化的神经源相关，部分神经源以 "累积方式 "发展：与意识相关的活动最初出现在少数早期神经源中，随后随着时间的推移，更多的神经源参与进来。研究结果进一步表明，即使是与有意识感知相关的早期潜伏期神经源也可能与行动相关过程有关。

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引用次数: 0

Ontological conceptions of information cannot account for consciousness 本体论的信息概念无法解释意识。

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103772

Peter Ulric Tse

Epistemological and ontological conceptions of information are contrasted. The former are based on acts of decoding of extrinsic inputs that result in a decoder becoming informed. The latter are based on intrinsic states or state changes of the system independent of any external factors such as inputs to the system. Ontological conceptions of information, such as those that underlie integrated information theory or any theory that allies itself with panpsychism, are not able to account for consciousness. In the only physical systems that are known to be conscious, namely, animal brains, acts of decoding extrinsic inputs are central to creating consciousness and its contents. Moreover, only a very specific subset of decodings should realize consciousness, because consciousness in animals evolved to create an evaluative experience of what is intrinsically true about the world and the body, which is then used in a perception–action cycle that affords choices among options for behaving in the world in order to accomplish goals.

信息的认识论概念与本体论概念形成了鲜明对比。前者基于对外部输入的解码行为，解码者由此获得信息。后者则基于系统的内在状态或状态变化，与任何外部因素（如系统输入）无关。信息的本体论概念，如作为综合信息理论或任何与泛心理主义结盟的理论基础的概念，都无法解释意识。在已知唯一具有意识的物理系统，即动物大脑中，解码外在输入的行为是产生意识及其内容的核心。此外，只有非常特定的解码子集才能实现意识，因为动物的意识进化是为了创造一种对世界和身体内在真实情况的评价性体验，然后将这种体验用于感知-行动循环，从而在世界行为选项中做出选择，以实现目标。

引用次数: 0

Influence of rhythmic contexts on perception: No behavioral and eye-tracker evidence for rhythmic entrainment 节奏背景对感知的影响：没有行为学和眼动仪证据表明有节奏夹带

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103789

Rafael Román-Caballero , Elisa Martín-Arévalo , Paulina del Carmen Martín-Sánchez , Juan Lupiáñez , Mariagrazia Capizzi

Entrainment theories propose that attention inherently oscillates between moments of attentional enhancement and disengagement. Consequently, perceptual and response benefits have been reported in tasks with a rhythmic structure. In the present study, we report two preregistered auditory experiments attempting to replicate previous supporting behavioral evidence of entrainment theories. In addition, we incorporated eye-tracker measures. Both Experiment 1 (duration discrimination task) and Experiment 2 (pitch discrimination task) showed no phase-specific benefit of rhythmic sequences compared to arrhythmic ones. Importantly, a tonic larger pupil size for arrhythmic conditions was observed irrespective of target phase, suggesting higher processing demands or arousal state imposed by a sustained uncertain context. Overall, the present results call into question whether the perceptual benefits predicted by entrainment theories are generalizable across all experimental designs and paradigms. On the contrary, our findings join a large group of studies that have failed to replicate the foundational results of attentional entrainment.

伴音理论认为，注意力本身就会在注意力增强和脱离的时刻之间摆动。因此，有报告称，在具有节奏结构的任务中，知觉和反应都会受益。在本研究中，我们报告了两个预先登记的听觉实验，试图复制之前支持诱导理论的行为证据。此外，我们还加入了眼动仪测量。实验 1（持续时间辨别任务）和实验 2（音高辨别任务）均显示，与节律序列相比，节奏序列没有特定的相位优势。重要的是，在有节奏的条件下，无论目标相位如何，瞳孔都会增大，这表明在持续的不确定情境下，处理需求或唤醒状态更高。总之，本研究结果令人质疑夹带理论所预测的知觉益处是否适用于所有实验设计和范式。相反，我们的研究结果加入了一大批未能复制注意力诱导基础结果的研究行列。

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