Consciousness and Cognition最新文献

英文中文

Operationalizing near‑death experiences: Stability of the NDE Rasch hierarchy over two decades 濒死体验的操作化：近二十年来濒死体验层级的稳定性。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103979

Marieta Pehlivanova , Rense Lange , Bruce Greyson , James Houran

This study presents the first comprehensive psychometric comparison of Greyson’s (1983) 16-item Near-Death Experience Scale (NDE Scale) and Martial et al.’s (2020) 20-item Near-Death Experience Content Scale (NDE-C) using Rasch modeling and differential item functioning (or response bias) analyses. A total of 705 self-identified “near-death experiencers” (64% women) completed both measures, which were randomly intermingled and rated for experiential relevance. Results confirmed that the two scales measure the same underlying construct of NDE phenomenology, as evidenced by a near-perfect disattenuated Pearson correlation (r = 0.98, p < 0.001). However, Rasch analysis revealed limitations in the category structures of both scales—particularly the NDE-C—and identified psychometric and conceptual weaknesses in its five novel items. Critically, the core Rasch item hierarchy derived from the original NDE Scale was replicated both in this sample and a previously simulated dataset based on the NDE-C’s development research, confirming its long-term structural stability. Based on the present evidence and the principle of parsimony, we recommend the original NDE Scale supported by Rasch scoring and a validated cut-off of 7 (out of 32), as it is conceptually coherent and psychometrically robust, while maintaining historical comparison with previous research. These findings reinforce the value of Rasch modeling for cumulative theory-building and underscore the Rasch NDE hierarchy's foundational role in operationalizing legitimate near-death experiences.

本研究采用Rasch模型和差异项目功能（或反应偏差）分析，首次对Greyson（1983）的16项濒死体验量表（NDE量表）和Martial et al.（2020）的20项濒死体验内容量表（NDE- c）进行了全面的心理测量比较。共有705名自我认定的“濒死体验者”（64%为女性）完成了这两项测量，这些测量随机混合并根据经验相关性进行评分。结果证实，两个量表测量的是相同的濒死现象学的基本结构，近似完美的非衰减Pearson相关性(r = 0.98, p

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引用次数: 0

Dispositional factors affecting the analgesic response to imagery and mindfulness suggestions during hypnosis 催眠过程中影响意象和正念暗示镇痛反应的性格因素

IF 2 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2026.103993

Carolane Desmarteaux , Émilie Giguère , Mouni Amrane , Mathieu Piché , Arnaud Saj , Pierre Rainville , Ali Filali , David Ogez

Medical hypnosis combined with mindfulness suggestions may improve pain management, but individual benefits are difficult to predict. This study compared the effects of hypnotic induction suggestions and different hypnotic suggestions for analgesia on acute experimental pain, considering hypnotic susceptibility (SHSS:A) and five mindfulness facets (FFMQ). Thirty-four healthy participants were administered phasic electrical stimulations during a Baseline condition, a Hypnotic induction alone condition, and experimental hypnosis conditions involving Imagery and Mindfulness-like suggestions of analgesia. Results showed significant pain reduction to all three hypnotic conditions compared to Baseline (EMMs = 18.98 to 23.76; p < 0.0001) and highlighted the moderating role of dispositional factors. Imagery suggestions were more effective than Hypnotic induction (EMMs = 3.14, p < 0.001) and Mindfulness (EMMs = 4.78, p < 0.0001) but Mindfulness suggestions did not provide benefits over Hypnotic induction (EMMs = 1.64, p = 0.25). Individuals with higher hypnotic susceptibility (SHSS:A) and lower scores on the FFMQ’s non-reactivity subscale reported significantly more analgesia (p’s < 0.01). FFMQ’s Non-judgement score positively predicted hypoanalgesia in Hypnotic induction suggestions (p < 0.01), FFMQ’s Description score positively moderated Hypnotic induction and Mindfulness suggestions effects (p’s < 0.01) and FFMQ’s Awareness score was a negative moderator of mindfulness’s hypoalgesia suggestions (p < 0.001). These findings confirm that mindfulness-like suggestions can be integrated to hypnotic interventions but indicate that they may not provide additional effect on acute pain responses, beyond standard hypnotic induction techniques. Importantly, different mindfulness dispositional characteristics may sustain or reduce the potential benefits of hypnosis interventions.

医学催眠结合正念建议可能会改善疼痛管理，但个人的好处很难预测。本研究考虑催眠敏感性（SHSS:A）和五个正念面（FFMQ），比较催眠诱导暗示和不同催眠暗示对急性实验性疼痛的影响。34名健康参与者在基线条件、单独催眠诱导条件和涉及图像和正念样镇痛建议的实验性催眠条件下接受相电刺激。结果显示，与基线相比，三种催眠状态下疼痛均显著减轻（EMMs = 18.98至23.76;p < 0.0001），并强调了性格因素的调节作用。意象建议比催眠诱导（EMMs = 3.14, p < 0.001）和正念（EMMs = 4.78, p < 0.0001）更有效，但正念建议并不比催眠诱导（EMMs = 1.64, p = 0.25）更有效。催眠易感性较高（SHSS:A）和FFMQ非反应性分量表得分较低的个体报告了更多的镇痛（p 's < 0.01）。FFMQ非判断分正向预测催眠诱导提示的镇痛效果（p < 0.01）， FFMQ描述分正向调节催眠诱导和正念提示的效果（p < 0.01）， FFMQ意识分负向调节正念提示的镇痛效果（p < 0.001）。这些发现证实，类似正念的建议可以整合到催眠干预中，但表明它们可能不会对急性疼痛反应提供额外的影响，除了标准的催眠诱导技术。重要的是，不同的正念倾向特征可能维持或减少催眠干预的潜在好处。

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引用次数: 0

Three propositions about conscious experience and their implications for theories of consciousness 关于意识经验的三个命题及其对意识理论的启示

IF 2 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2026.103994

Peter A. White

The aim of this paper is to make and defend three simple propositions about what can and cannot be conscious in the human brain and to elucidate their implications for research and theory on consciousness. The first proposition is that the fact that some information is conscious should be, but often is not, distinguished from the information itself. The second proposition is that, treating the brain as an information processing system, information can be conscious (or not) but processes that operate on information cannot be conscious. This is illustrated with analysis of voluntary action generation, such as making a verbal report. The third proposition is that access consciousness is just access. Adding the word “consciousness” to it makes no difference to how it operates. An information processing system exactly like the human brain but in which no information was conscious would function in exactly the same way as human brains in which some information is conscious. Conscious experience must be explained by means of a generative mechanism; no such mechanism has yet been proposed.

本文的目的是提出和捍卫三个简单的命题，即人类大脑中什么可以意识，什么不可以意识，并阐明它们对意识研究和理论的影响。第一个命题是，某些信息是有意识的，这一事实应该与信息本身区分开来，但往往不是这样。第二个命题是，将大脑视为一个信息处理系统，信息可以是有意识的（或无意识的），但对信息进行操作的过程不能是有意识的。这是通过分析自愿行动产生来说明的，比如做口头报告。第三个命题是，接触意识只是接触。加上“意识”这个词对它的运作方式没有任何影响。一个完全像人类大脑的信息处理系统，但其中没有信息是有意识的，它的功能与人类大脑的功能完全相同，其中有些信息是有意识的。有意识的经验必须用生成机制来解释；目前还没有人提出这样的机制。

引用次数: 0

Embodying an elderly virtual avatar impairs metacontrol persistence but not flexibility in college students 体现老年人的虚拟化身会损害大学生的元控制持久性，但不会损害灵活性。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103982

Ke Ma , Min Wang , Bernhard Hommel

The enfacement illusion occurs when synchronous multisensory correlations between a viewed face and one’s own face lead to the perception of illusory ownership, in which participants incorporate the viewed face’s physical and social features into one’s body representation. In this study, we examined whether young participants exposed to synchronous visuo-motor correlations with a virtual elderly face would perceive ownership of that face, exhibit subjective aging and executive function decline resembling physiological aging. Questionnaire and subjective age ratings confirmed that illusory ownership and agency were successfully induced for same-gender virtual elderly faces. Interestingly, however, synchronous multisensory correlations impaired performance in a cognitive-control task calling for metacontrol persistence (a Simon task), but not in cognitive-control tasks calling for flexibility (N-back task and task switching). These findings align with prior evidence that synchrony with another face/body facilitates the integration of external features into self-representation, and that this affects cognitive control; but they also demonstrate that the control functions being affected are specific to the type of embodiment.

当被观看的脸和自己的脸之间的同步多感官关联导致错觉所有权的感知时，就会发生假象错觉，在这种错觉中，参与者将被观看的脸的身体和社会特征融入到自己的身体表征中。在这项研究中，我们考察了年轻的参与者是否暴露于与虚拟老年人面部同步的视觉运动相关性，是否会感知到该面孔的所有权，表现出主观衰老和执行功能下降，类似于生理衰老。问卷调查和主观年龄评分证实了对同性虚拟老年人面孔的虚幻所有权和代理被成功诱导。然而，有趣的是，同步多感官关联损害了需要元控制持久性的认知控制任务（一个Simon任务）的表现，但没有损害需要灵活性的认知控制任务（N-back任务和任务切换）的表现。这些发现与先前的证据一致，即与另一张脸/身体的同步有助于将外部特征整合到自我表征中，从而影响认知控制；但它们也表明，受影响的控制功能是特定于化身类型的。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to "Self-face processing in relation to self-referential tasks in 24-month-old infants: A study through eye movements and pupillometry measures". [Conscious. Cogn. 127 (2025) 103803]. “24个月大婴儿自我面孔加工与自我参照任务的关系：一项通过眼球运动和瞳孔测量的研究”的勘误。(有意识的。法典。127(2025)103803]。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103992

Hiroshi Nitta, Yusuke Uto, Kengo Chaya, Kazuhide Hashiya

引用次数: 0

Where is the self? Relations between head-heart dualism and social judgment 自我在哪里？心灵二元论与社会判断的关系

IF 2 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103991

Muhammad R. Asad, Lauren J. Hornbacher, Roberta L. Irvin, Michael D. Robinson

The contrast between intellectual and emotional processes may be served by head-heart dualism, which is a folk model linking the head to intellectual processes and the heart to emotional processes. By linking two different processing styles to two different bodily regions, the self can be multi-faceted and, potentially, flexible in responding to the situation at hand. The present 3 experimental studies (total N = 563) pursue the potential consequences of head-heart dualism. In Study 1, drawing attention to the head (versus heart) led participants to think of ambiguous activities as more intellectual (emotional). In Studies 2 and 3, simulating oneself performing an intellectual or emotional activity shifted perceptions of where the self is located upward, toward the head, or downward, toward the heart. The findings highlight the manner in which head-heart dualism can give rise to rapid shifts in self-perception and social cognition that reinforce the intellectual-emotional distinction.

智力和情感过程之间的对比可以用头脑-心灵二元论来解释，这是一种民间模型，将头脑与智力过程联系起来，将心灵与情感过程联系起来。通过将两种不同的处理方式与两种不同的身体区域联系起来，自我可以是多方面的，并且在应对手头的情况时可能是灵活的。目前的3项实验研究（共N = 563）探讨了头心二元论的潜在后果。在研究1中，将注意力集中在头部（而不是心脏）会让参与者认为模棱两可的活动更具有智力（情感）。在研究2和3中，模拟自己进行智力或情感活动会改变对自我位置的认知，向上，朝向头部，向下，朝向心脏。这些发现强调了头脑-心灵二元论可以引起自我感知和社会认知的快速转变，从而加强了智力-情感的区别。

引用次数: 0

The effects of concurrent perceptual load and physical exertion on inattentional blindness in children 同时知觉负荷和体力消耗对儿童不注意失明的影响

IF 2 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103981

Shiming Qiu , Zhao Fan , Yumeng Chen , Yongjian Fan , Zelin Cheng , Wangjuan Liu , Xiaorong Cheng , Xianfeng Ding

Inattentional blindness (IB) refers to the failure to notice fully visible but unexpected stimuli when attention is focused on a demanding task. Such failures can place children at risk of injury when they overlook unexpected hazards in real-world situations, underscoring the importance of understanding how IB manifests in children. Given that perceptual and physical demands are often intertwined in daily activities, the present study examined children’s IB under concurrent perceptual load and physical exertion using a dual-task paradigm. Perceptual load was manipulated through a dynamic bounce-counting task that required monitoring either two or four moving letters (low vs. high perceptual load). Physical exertion was imposed via an isometric handgrip task at 20 % or 50 % of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). A total of 206 children (86 females; aged 10–13 years) were randomly assigned to perform the counting task only (i.e., rest condition) or concurrently with the handgrip task. Results revealed a significant main effect of perceptual load, with higher perceptual load leading to increased IB rates. However, physical exertion did not produce a significant main effect on children’s IB, nor did it interact with perceptual load. These findings highlight the primary role of perceptual load in shaping children’s IB, with concurrent physical exertion showing little additional impact.

无意失明（infintional blindness， IB）是指当注意力集中在一项要求很高的任务上时，无法注意到完全可见但意想不到的刺激。当儿童忽视现实生活中意想不到的危险时，这种失败可能会使他们面临受伤的风险，这强调了了解IB如何在儿童中表现的重要性。考虑到感知和身体需求在日常活动中经常交织在一起，本研究使用双任务范式研究了同时感知负荷和身体消耗下的儿童IB。知觉负荷是通过动态反弹计数任务来控制的，该任务需要监测两个或四个移动字母（低与高知觉负荷）。体力消耗通过等距握力任务施加在20%或50%的最大自愿收缩（MVC）。共有206名儿童（其中86名女性，年龄在10-13岁）被随机分配到仅执行计数任务（即休息条件）或同时执行握力任务。结果显示知觉负荷有显著的主要影响，较高的知觉负荷导致IB率增加。然而，体力消耗并没有对儿童的IB产生显著的主要影响，也没有与知觉负荷相互作用。这些发现强调了感知负荷在塑造儿童IB中的主要作用，同时的体力消耗显示出很少的额外影响。

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引用次数: 0

The role of regularity detection and prediction in the exploration of sense of agency 规则检测与预测在代理感探索中的作用

IF 2 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103980

Kazuma Takada , Wen Wen , Shunichi Kasahara , Tom Froese

The Sense of Agency (SoA) refers to the subjective feeling of controlling one’s actions and outcomes. Both the predictive and retrospective processes are considered to contribute to this subjective feeling. The predictive process focuses on the consistency between the sensory prediction and the actual sensory input by the internal model, while the retrospective process emphasizes the detection of regularities between one’s action and sensory input. However, how the two types of processes contribute to the exploration of control remains unclear. In the present study, we tackled this question by examining the effect of updating the internal model on the SoA in a control detection task. Participants first adapted to a rotation of visual feedback while controlling a dot on the screen, then conducted free movements to choose the dot they felt they could control most effectively among five dots with different rotation angles. Experiment 1 used a tracking task for the motor adaptation, while Experiment 2 used a reaching task to replicate the result of Experiment 1. The results of the motor adaptation in both experiments did not have a significant effect on the control detection task. This indicates that updating the internal model appears to have little influence on the regularity detection. Accordingly, we suggest that participants’ SoA was more dependent on retrospective than predictive processes during exploration of the SoA. These findings provide important insights for understanding the SoA in the context of exploratory behaviors within novel environments.

代理感（SoA）是指控制自己行为和结果的主观感觉。预测过程和回顾过程都被认为有助于这种主观感觉。预测过程侧重于内部模型的感官预测与实际感官输入的一致性，而回顾过程则侧重于发现自己的行为与感官输入之间的规律性。然而，这两种类型的过程如何有助于探索控制尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们通过检查在控制检测任务中更新内部模型对SoA的影响来解决这个问题。参与者首先在控制屏幕上的一个点时适应视觉反馈的旋转，然后进行自由运动，在五个不同旋转角度的点中选择他们认为最有效控制的点。实验1采用跟踪任务进行运动适应，实验2采用伸手任务复制实验1的结果。两个实验的运动适应结果对控制检测任务没有显著影响。这表明内部模型的更新对规律性检测的影响不大。因此，我们建议参与者的SoA在探索SoA期间更多地依赖于回顾而不是预测过程。这些发现为在新环境中的探索性行为上下文中理解SoA提供了重要的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Cueing autobiographical memory in young and older adults: an exploration of the effect of cue type on retrieval rates and memory characteristics 线索自传式记忆：线索类型对检索率和记忆特征影响的探讨

IF 2 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103983

Ali Mair

Current theories of autobiographical memory (AM) emphasise the involvement of several non-memory auxiliary processes, such as executive function and mental imagery. However, the contribution of these processes to AM retrieval under different circumstances remains poorly understood, particularly in the context of ageing. The extent to which different AM tasks rely on auxiliary processing could explain variability in age-related AM deficits across different contexts. The current study explores the effect of cues varying in format (words, questions, sentences, photos, and videos) and content (e.g., event cues, evaluative cues, imagery cues) on AM retrieval rates in young and older adults. In Experiment 1, young and older adults (n = 101) retrieved AMs in response to a set of 208 cues; dependent variables were the proportion of cues that produced a memory, and ratings of the characteristics of the retrieved memories. Results showed that retrieval rates were influenced by both cue format and cue content, with cues that most closely mapped the task requirements producing the largest proportion of memories, regardless of other cue features (e.g., detail, imagery). Study 2 collected data from a separate group of 106 adults concerning their interpretation of the same cues, and analysed the responses in relation to the data from Experiment 1. Both retrieval rates and memory characteristics were related to features of the cues, such as specificity, theme, and emotional content. Data suggested that less easily accessed memories tended to be more autobiographically important. All materials and data – including 2500 brief descriptions of participants’ autobiographical memories – are freely available for further exploration.

当前的自传体记忆理论强调了一些非记忆辅助过程的参与，如执行功能和心理意象。然而，这些过程在不同情况下对AM检索的贡献仍然知之甚少，特别是在衰老的背景下。不同的AM任务依赖于辅助加工的程度可以解释不同背景下与年龄相关的AM缺陷的变异性。本研究探讨了不同形式的线索（单词、问题、句子、照片和视频）和不同内容的线索（如事件线索、评价线索、图像线索）对年轻人和老年人记忆检索率的影响。在实验1中，年轻人和老年人（n = 101）对208个线索进行检索；因变量是产生记忆的线索的比例，以及对检索到的记忆特征的评级。结果表明，检索率受到线索格式和线索内容的影响，与任务要求最接近的线索产生的记忆比例最大，而不考虑其他线索特征（如细节、图像）。研究2收集了另一组106名成年人对相同线索的解读数据，并分析了与实验1数据相关的反应。检索率和记忆特征都与线索的特征有关，如特异性、主题和情感内容。数据显示，不太容易获得的记忆往往更具有自传性。所有的材料和数据，包括2500个参与者的自传式记忆的简短描述，都是免费的，供进一步探索。

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Anchoring in motion: How gestures shape numerical estimates 运动中的锚定：手势如何影响数值估计

IF 2 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103978

Aglaé Navarre , André Didierjean , Pauline Genin , Cyril Thomas

Decision-making research has shown that subtle environmental cues, such as numerical anchors or even a gesture, can shape behaviour without conscious awareness. The present study (N = 128) examined whether simple gestures, incidentally suggesting high versus low positions on a virtual vertical scale, could bias numerical estimates in a manner similar to the anchoring effect. Results revealed that high-value gestures led participants to give significantly higher estimates than low-value gestures. Strikingly, most participants reported no awareness of this influence. These findings are discussed within the framework of selective accessibility theory.

决策研究表明，微妙的环境线索，如数字锚点甚至手势，可以在无意识的情况下塑造行为。目前的研究（N = 128）检验了简单的手势是否会以类似锚定效应的方式对数字估计产生偏差，顺便指出在虚拟垂直尺度上的高低位置。结果显示，高价值的手势比低价值的手势让参与者给出更高的估计。引人注目的是，大多数参与者表示没有意识到这种影响。这些发现在选择性可及性理论的框架内进行了讨论。

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