Consciousness and Cognition最新文献_第3页

Cueing autobiographical memory in young and older adults: an exploration of the effect of cue type on retrieval rates and memory characteristics 线索自传式记忆：线索类型对检索率和记忆特征影响的探讨

IF 2 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103983

Ali Mair

Current theories of autobiographical memory (AM) emphasise the involvement of several non-memory auxiliary processes, such as executive function and mental imagery. However, the contribution of these processes to AM retrieval under different circumstances remains poorly understood, particularly in the context of ageing. The extent to which different AM tasks rely on auxiliary processing could explain variability in age-related AM deficits across different contexts. The current study explores the effect of cues varying in format (words, questions, sentences, photos, and videos) and content (e.g., event cues, evaluative cues, imagery cues) on AM retrieval rates in young and older adults. In Experiment 1, young and older adults (n = 101) retrieved AMs in response to a set of 208 cues; dependent variables were the proportion of cues that produced a memory, and ratings of the characteristics of the retrieved memories. Results showed that retrieval rates were influenced by both cue format and cue content, with cues that most closely mapped the task requirements producing the largest proportion of memories, regardless of other cue features (e.g., detail, imagery). Study 2 collected data from a separate group of 106 adults concerning their interpretation of the same cues, and analysed the responses in relation to the data from Experiment 1. Both retrieval rates and memory characteristics were related to features of the cues, such as specificity, theme, and emotional content. Data suggested that less easily accessed memories tended to be more autobiographically important. All materials and data – including 2500 brief descriptions of participants’ autobiographical memories – are freely available for further exploration.

当前的自传体记忆理论强调了一些非记忆辅助过程的参与，如执行功能和心理意象。然而，这些过程在不同情况下对AM检索的贡献仍然知之甚少，特别是在衰老的背景下。不同的AM任务依赖于辅助加工的程度可以解释不同背景下与年龄相关的AM缺陷的变异性。本研究探讨了不同形式的线索（单词、问题、句子、照片和视频）和不同内容的线索（如事件线索、评价线索、图像线索）对年轻人和老年人记忆检索率的影响。在实验1中，年轻人和老年人（n = 101）对208个线索进行检索；因变量是产生记忆的线索的比例，以及对检索到的记忆特征的评级。结果表明，检索率受到线索格式和线索内容的影响，与任务要求最接近的线索产生的记忆比例最大，而不考虑其他线索特征（如细节、图像）。研究2收集了另一组106名成年人对相同线索的解读数据，并分析了与实验1数据相关的反应。检索率和记忆特征都与线索的特征有关，如特异性、主题和情感内容。数据显示，不太容易获得的记忆往往更具有自传性。所有的材料和数据，包括2500个参与者的自传式记忆的简短描述，都是免费的，供进一步探索。

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引用次数: 0

Anchoring in motion: How gestures shape numerical estimates 运动中的锚定：手势如何影响数值估计

IF 2 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103978

Aglaé Navarre , André Didierjean , Pauline Genin , Cyril Thomas

Decision-making research has shown that subtle environmental cues, such as numerical anchors or even a gesture, can shape behaviour without conscious awareness. The present study (N = 128) examined whether simple gestures, incidentally suggesting high versus low positions on a virtual vertical scale, could bias numerical estimates in a manner similar to the anchoring effect. Results revealed that high-value gestures led participants to give significantly higher estimates than low-value gestures. Strikingly, most participants reported no awareness of this influence. These findings are discussed within the framework of selective accessibility theory.

决策研究表明，微妙的环境线索，如数字锚点甚至手势，可以在无意识的情况下塑造行为。目前的研究（N = 128）检验了简单的手势是否会以类似锚定效应的方式对数字估计产生偏差，顺便指出在虚拟垂直尺度上的高低位置。结果显示，高价值的手势比低价值的手势让参与者给出更高的估计。引人注目的是，大多数参与者表示没有意识到这种影响。这些发现在选择性可及性理论的框架内进行了讨论。

引用次数: 0

The interplay of psychedelic use and meditation in shaping psychological well-being 迷幻药的使用和冥想在塑造心理健康方面的相互作用。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103977

Andreas Krabbe , Pilleriin Sikka , Jussi Jylkkä

Psychedelic substances and meditation can elicit personally meaningful experiences that support well-being, yet their relative and combined contributions remain unclear. Meditation typically produces gradual improvements through sustained practice, whereas psychedelics may induce acute shifts. To examine these dynamics, we re-analysed data from two cross-sectional online surveys using multiple regression models. In Study 1 (N = 679), we assessed associations of cumulative psychedelic use and meditation practice with well-being, ill-being, and psychological flexibility. When examined separately, both practices were associated with greater well-being and flexibility. However, when considered jointly, the associations for psychedelics were reduced or became nonsignificant, whereas meditation remained consistently associated with the outcomes. Weak evidence also emerged for a potential synergy effect via an interaction between the two practices. In Study 2 (N = 137), we examined perceived well-being changes following a personally meaningful experience facilitated by psychedelics alone, meditation alone, or both combined. Participants in the combined and meditation groups reported significantly greater improvements compared with the psychedelic-only group, although all groups showed positive change on average. Together, these findings suggest that meditation may enhance the benefits of psychedelic experiences and that meditation practice can confound associations between psychedelic use and well-being. More broadly, they highlight the importance of considering both practices together when evaluating their contributions to mental health outcomes.

致幻剂和冥想可以引发支持幸福的个人有意义的体验，但它们的相对和综合贡献尚不清楚。冥想通常会通过持续的练习产生逐渐的改善，而迷幻药可能会引起急剧的变化。为了检验这些动态，我们使用多元回归模型重新分析了两次横断面在线调查的数据。在研究1 （N = 679）中，我们评估了累积致幻剂使用和冥想练习与幸福感、不幸福感和心理灵活性的关系。当单独检查时，这两种做法都与更大的幸福感和灵活性有关。然而，当联合考虑时，致幻剂的关联减弱或变得不显著，而冥想仍然与结果一致。通过两种做法之间的相互作用，也出现了潜在的协同效应的微弱证据。在研究2 （N = 137）中，我们研究了单独使用致幻剂、单独冥想或两者结合促进个人有意义体验后的感知幸福感变化。联合组和冥想组的参与者报告说，与只服用迷幻药的组相比，他们的改善明显更大，尽管所有组的平均变化都是积极的。总之，这些发现表明，冥想可以增强迷幻体验的好处，冥想练习可以混淆迷幻使用和健康之间的联系。更广泛地说，他们强调了在评估这两种做法对心理健康结果的贡献时，将它们结合起来考虑的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Spontaneous metacognitive experiences and involuntary memories in the laboratory 实验室中的自发元认知经验和非自愿记忆。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103976

Gull Zareen , Céline Souchay , Krystian Barzykowski , Chris J.A. Moulin

Spontaneous metacognitive experiences, such as déjà vu, are notoriously difficult to study under controlled laboratory conditions. Barzykowski and Moulin (2023) proposed that experimental procedures known to elicit involuntary autobiographical memories (IAMs) may also trigger a broader range of spontaneous cognitive phenomena, including déjà vu, tip-of-the-tongue states (TOTs), jamais vu, error detection, and zoning out. In this study, 96 participants completed a low-demand vigilance task commonly used to elicit IAMs. Participants were instructed to press the spacebar whenever they experienced a spontaneous thought or metacognitive state, and subsequently categorized and rated each experience. IAMs were the most frequently reported, followed by déjà vu, with other metacognitive phenomena (jamais vu, TOTs, error detection, and zoning out) occurring less frequently. These findings demonstrate that when attentional demands are low, a diverse range of spontaneous experiences naturally emerges. We discuss both the theoretical relevance and methodological utility of this paradigm for capturing the phenomenology of spontaneous cognition in the lab, and highlight promising directions for future research.

自发的元认知经验，如d郁闷，是出了名的难以在受控的实验室条件下进行研究。Barzykowski和Moulin（2023）提出，已知引发非自愿自传式记忆（IAMs）的实验程序也可能引发更广泛的自发认知现象，包括dsamujozvu、舌尖状态（TOTs）、jamais vu、错误检测和走神。在这项研究中，96名参与者完成了一项低需求警惕性任务，该任务通常用于引发内联反应。参与者被告知，每当他们经历一种自发的想法或元认知状态时，就按下空格键，随后对每种体验进行分类和评级。IAMs是最常见的报告，其次是d郁闷，其他元认知现象（jamais vu、tot、错误检测和走神）发生的频率较低。这些发现表明，当注意力需求较低时，各种各样的自发体验自然出现。我们讨论了这一范式在实验室中捕捉自发认知现象学的理论相关性和方法论效用，并强调了未来研究的有希望的方向。

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引用次数: 0

Mindfulness meditation can improve time-based prospective memory performance in restricted monitoring situation 正念冥想可以改善有限监控情境下基于时间的前瞻记忆表现。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103975

Mingyuan Wang, Yunfei Guo

The successful execution of time-based prospective memory (TBPM) tasks demands self-initiation attentional resources. Mindfulness meditation can enhance attention, which may promote TBPM performance. This study investigates whether mindfulness meditation can facilitate TBPM via the improvement of attentional resources and whether such facilitation is modulated by time-monitoring conditions. The experiment, conducted with 95 participants, used a 2 (group: mindfulness meditation group, control group) × 2 (monitoring condition: limited, sufficient) between-subjects design. All 95 participants in this study were undergraduate students who volunteered. The results showed that, in the restricted condition, the TBPM accuracy of the mindfulness meditation group was better than that of the control group, indicating that mindfulness meditation indeed improves TBPM performance, but the facilitation of TBPM by mindfulness meditation is particularly susceptible to the influence of time-monitoring conditions.

基于时间的前瞻记忆（TBPM）任务的成功执行需要自我启动的注意资源。正念冥想可以增强注意力，从而促进TBPM的表现。本研究探讨正念冥想是否可以通过改善注意力资源来促进TBPM，以及这种促进是否受到时间监控条件的调节。实验共95名受试者，采用2（组：正念冥想组，对照组）× 2（监测条件：有限，充分）受试者间设计。这项研究的所有95名参与者都是自愿参加的本科生。结果显示，在受限条件下，正念冥想组的TBPM准确性优于对照组，说明正念冥想确实提高了TBPM的表现，但正念冥想对TBPM的促进作用特别容易受到时间监控条件的影响。

引用次数: 0

The kaleidoscope of bizarreness: The analysis of first-person-reports shows the relationship between dreaming and mind wandering to be complex 奇异的万花筒：对第一人称报告的分析表明，做梦和走神之间的关系是复杂的。

IF 2 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103965

Manuela Kirberg , Jennifer Windt

Spontaneous thoughts and experiences, including mind wandering and dreaming, make up a significant proportion of our conscious mental lives. An influential proposal posits that dreaming and mind wandering exist on a continuum of spontaneous thought, in which dreaming is intensified compared to mind wandering. Yet the precise relationship between dreaming and mind wandering is only beginning to be investigated. Unusual features of dream experience, referred to as bizarreness, are at the heart of theoretical debates about the relationship between dreaming and waking experiences. Traditionally, bizarreness was considered as a distinctive and pervasive feature of dreaming that was absent in waking consciousness, whereas recently, it has been proposed as a dimension along which dreaming is an intensified form of waking mind wandering. Our study is the first to apply an in-depth bizarreness analysis to dreaming and mind wandering reports from the same group of participants within a naturalistic setting. Our results, based on 379 spontaneous reports, suggest that both dreaming and waking mind wandering, have unique bizarreness profiles, involving similarities as well as distinctive differences. Bizarreness is kaleidoscopic in that the comparison between dreaming and mind wandering changes with the precise rating and level of measure (bizarreness type, subtypes, contents) used. This means that dreams cannot, straightforwardly, be described as intensified compared to waking mind wandering on measures of bizarreness, and a more nuanced account, alongside more specific measures, is needed. We propose that our findings can inform and guide future work not just on bizarreness in dreams and mind wandering, but also more broadly on the relationship between conscious experiences in sleep and wakefulness.

自发的想法和经历，包括走神和做梦，构成了我们有意识的精神生活的很大一部分。一项有影响力的提议认为，做梦和走神存在于自发思维的连续体中，其中做梦比走神更强烈。然而，对做梦和走神之间的确切关系的研究才刚刚开始。梦经历的不寻常特征，被称为奇异性，是关于做梦和清醒经历之间关系的理论争论的核心。传统上，怪诞被认为是梦的一个独特而普遍的特征，在清醒的意识中是不存在的，然而最近，它被认为是梦的一个维度，沿着这个维度，梦是一种清醒的思维漫游的强化形式。我们的研究首次对同一组参与者在自然环境下的做梦和走神报告进行了深入的奇异性分析。我们的研究结果基于379份自发报告，表明做梦和清醒时的走神都有独特的怪异特征，既有相似之处，也有明显的差异。怪诞是千变万化的，因为做梦和走神之间的比较随着所使用的精确评级和测量水平（怪诞类型、亚型、内容）的不同而变化。这意味着，与清醒时的思维走神相比，梦不能直接被描述为强化，需要一个更细致的描述，以及更具体的衡量标准。我们认为，我们的研究结果不仅可以为未来的研究提供信息和指导，还可以更广泛地研究睡眠和清醒状态下有意识体验之间的关系。

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引用次数: 0

Comparing the characteristics of hallucinations and mental imagery: a large cross-sectional study in the general population 比较幻觉和心理意象的特征：一项针对普通人群的大型横断面研究

IF 2 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103974

Guillaume Pepin , Hélène Lœvenbruck , Alan Chauvin , Camille Jacquet , Jean-Baptiste Eichenlaub , Catherine Bortolon

Hallucinations (HAs), the perceptual experiences that occur without external stimuli, are classically associated with psychiatric disorders, but also occur in the general population. Involuntary mental imagery (IMI), the spontaneous occurrence of visual or auditory mental content, shares several features with HAs. The continuum hypothesis suggests that these phenomena exist on a spectrum ranging from benign to clinically significant experiences. However, the precise boundaries of these phenomena remain under-explored. This pre-registered cross-sectional study focusing on the experiential continuum, involved 1,951 French-speaking adults who completed an online questionnaire assessing the frequency and characteristics of their HAs and IMI experiences. These experiences could include hearing music or voices, or seeing shadows. Participants rated ten phenomenologically-informed dimensions, including vividness, emotional valence, controllability, distress, agency, and perceived location. Associations were tested using Spearman correlations and Wilcoxon tests with Bonferroni correction. IMIs were significantly more frequent than HAs and were rated as more vivid, emotionally positive, and self-generated. In contrast, HAs were associated with greater distress and external attribution. Moderate to strong correlations between HAs and IMIs on most dimensions support the hypothesis of a shared experiential continuum. However, the fact that confidence and agency cannot be fully separated from controllability raises questions about cognitive models of self-monitoring and metacognition. These findings provide empirical evidence for both convergence and divergence in the phenomenological profiles of HAs and IMIs. Refining these distinctions could enhance theoretical models of hallucinatory experiences and facilitate the early identification and prevention of distressing internal phenomena in individuals at risk.

幻觉（HAs）是在没有外界刺激的情况下发生的感知体验，通常与精神疾病有关，但也发生在普通人群中。无意识心理意象（IMI），即视觉或听觉心理内容的自发发生，与HAs有几个共同特征。连续统假说表明，这些现象存在于从良性到临床显著经验的范围内。然而，这些现象的确切界限仍未得到充分探索。这项预先登记的横断面研究关注于经验连续体，涉及1951名讲法语的成年人，他们完成了一份在线问卷，评估他们的HAs和IMI经历的频率和特征。这些体验可能包括听到音乐或声音，或者看到阴影。参与者对十个现象学信息维度打分，包括生动度、情绪效价、可控性、痛苦、代理和感知位置。采用Spearman相关和Wilcoxon检验，并进行Bonferroni校正。imi明显比HAs更频繁，被评为更生动、情绪积极和自我产生。相反，HAs与更大的痛苦和外部归因有关。卫生指标和综合管理指数在大多数方面之间的中等至强烈的相关性支持了共同经验连续体的假设。然而，信心和能动性不能与可控性完全分离，这一事实引发了对自我监控和元认知的认知模型的质疑。这些发现提供了实证证据，证明了高等教育指数和综合管理指数在现象学上的趋同和分化。细化这些区别可以增强幻觉体验的理论模型，并有助于早期识别和预防处于危险中的个体的痛苦内部现象。

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引用次数: 0

The nature of mind scale (NOMS): Validation of an eight-dimensional scale assessing beliefs about the relationship between mind and matter 心灵本质量表（NOMS）：一种评估心灵与物质关系信念的八维量表的验证

IF 2 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103961

Matthias Forstmann , Pascal Burgmer

We developed and validated the Nature of Mind Scale (NOMS), a 24-item measure assessing lay beliefs about eight distinct philosophical positions on the mind–body relationship. Given the limitations of existing measures and the theoretical diversity of mind–body positions, our goal was to develop a comprehensive yet practical scale that could capture the full range of philosophical stances without reducing them to overly simplified dimensions. Across four studies with 1074 participants, we established the NOMS’s psychometric properties and nomological network. Through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, we identified an eight-factor structure representing belief in substance dualism, interactionism, panpsychism, idealism, reductive physicalism, non-reductive physicalism, mystical monism, and neutral monism. Participants most strongly endorsed interactionism, non-reductive physicalism, and mystical monism, while showing the least support for idealism. The scale demonstrated good model fit and strong evidence of measurement invariance across samples. Convergent validity was established through correlations with existing mind–body belief measures. Construct validity was supported by theoretically consistent relationships with religiosity, free will beliefs, cognitive style, personality traits, and afterlife beliefs. The NOMS represents an extension of previous measures of mind–body relations, capturing the multifaceted nature of these beliefs while maintaining sufficient brevity for practical research applications.

我们开发并验证了心理本质量表（NOMS），这是一个24项的测量方法，评估外行人对身心关系中8种不同哲学立场的看法。考虑到现有测量方法的局限性和身心位置的理论多样性，我们的目标是开发一种全面而实用的量表，能够捕捉到哲学立场的全部范围，而不会将它们简化到过于简化的维度。通过对1074名参与者的四项研究，我们建立了NOMS的心理测量特性和法则网络。通过探索性和验证性因素分析，我们确定了一个代表物质二元论、相互作用论、泛心论、唯心主义、还原物理主义、非还原物理主义、神秘一元论和中性一元论信仰的八因素结构。参与者最强烈地支持互动论、非还原物理主义和神秘一元论，而对唯心主义的支持最少。该量表显示出良好的模型拟合和跨样本测量不变性的有力证据。通过与现有心身信念测量的相关性建立收敛效度。建构效度与宗教信仰、自由意志信仰、认知风格、人格特质和来世信仰的理论关系一致。NOMS代表了先前身心关系测量的延伸，捕捉了这些信念的多面性，同时为实际研究应用保持了足够的简洁性。

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引用次数: 0

Implicit observational learning of second-order conditional repeated sequences presented in rapid serial visual presentation 快速序列视觉呈现中二阶条件重复序列的内隐观察学习

IF 2 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103967

Salvatore G. Chiarella , Luca Simione , Monia D’Angiò , Chiara Saracini , Antonino Raffone , Enrico Di Pace

This study investigated whether second-order conditional (SOC) sequences can be learned through observation by combining rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) with a serial reaction time task (SRTT). Sixty participants observed either repeated SOC sequences or random sequences during RSVP, then completed explicit learning tasks and an SRTT. Explicit learning tasks showed no evidence of sequence knowledge. In the SRTT, groups did not differ in RTs, but the control group accumulated more errors in later blocks. Furthermore, RTs during the first two blocks predicted performance in recovery after interference in later blocks in the experimental group. This RT pattern was also reflected in the speed–accuracy trade-off as captured by inverse efficiency scores (IES) but only partially by the balanced integration scores (BIS). Finally, in the SRTT the experimental group reported higher awareness of sequence repetitiveness. These findings indicate that RSVP exposure may foster subtle and predominantly implicit learning of SOC sequences.

本研究采用快速连续视觉呈现（RSVP）和连续反应时间任务（SRTT）相结合的方法，探讨了二级条件序列（SOC）是否可以通过观察学习。60名参与者在RSVP期间观察重复的SOC序列或随机序列，然后完成显性学习任务和SRTT。显性学习任务没有显示序列知识的证据。在SRTT中，各组在RTs上没有差异，但对照组在后面的区块中积累了更多的错误。此外，在实验组中，前两个模块的RTs预测了后两个模块干扰后的恢复表现。这种RT模式也反映在逆向效率分数（IES）捕获的速度-准确性权衡中，但仅部分反映在平衡整合分数（BIS）中。最后，在SRTT中，实验组报告了更高的序列重复意识。这些结果表明，RSVP暴露可能会促进有机碳序列的微妙和显性内隐学习。

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引用次数: 0

Preoccupation priming: How repetitive thinking can influence our involuntary memories 专注启动：重复思考如何影响我们的非自愿记忆

IF 2 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103966

John H. Mace, Emily Chow

Studies have reported that the contents of everyday involuntary autobiographical memories may at times be influenced (primed) by the contents of ongoing preoccupations. However, these studies did not manipulate (nor simulate) preoccupations experimentally, and therefore causal connections between preoccupations and the priming of involuntary memories cannot be established with their findings. The goal of the current study was to establish a causal link between preoccupations and involuntary memory production. Participants in a repetitive thinking group thought about a single topic (food) repeatedly, after which they were engaged in an involuntary memory task (the vigilance task), which contained a handful of food related cues.

The performance of repetitive thinking participants on the vigilance task was compared to the performance of control participants, who in place of the repetitive thinking task, thought about various, different topics (e.g., think about setting goals; imagine sitting in a chair). The results showed that compared to the control group, the repetitive thinking group produced more food related involuntary memories, as well as more involuntary memories overall. The results support the idea that one’s preoccupations can influence involuntary remembering, and we argue preoccupations can be a priming source for everyday involuntary memories, among other potential sources.

研究表明，日常非自愿自传式记忆的内容有时会受到持续关注的内容的影响（启动）。然而，这些研究并没有通过实验操纵（也没有模拟）专注，因此专注和非自愿记忆启动之间的因果关系不能用他们的发现来建立。当前研究的目标是建立专注和非自愿记忆产生之间的因果关系。重复思考组的参与者反复思考一个主题（食物），之后他们参与了一个非自愿记忆任务（警惕任务），其中包含一些与食物相关的线索。重复思维参与者在警惕性任务中的表现与对照参与者的表现进行了比较，对照参与者在重复思维任务中思考各种不同的主题（例如，思考设定目标；想象坐在椅子上）。结果显示，与对照组相比，重复性思维组产生了更多与食物相关的非自愿记忆，以及更多的非自愿记忆。研究结果支持了一个人的专注可以影响非自愿记忆的观点，我们认为专注可以成为日常非自愿记忆的启动源，以及其他潜在的来源。

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引用次数: 0