首页 > 最新文献

Aggression and Violent Behavior最新文献

英文 中文
A meta-analysis of the relationship between personality traits and cyberbullying 人格特质与网络欺凌之间关系的荟萃分析
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2024.101992
Cyberbullying is an interpersonal aggression that has emerged due to the rapid development of the Internet. The present study utilized meta-analysis to explore the relationship between personality and cyberbullying. A comprehensive search of relevant databases included 68 studies with 74 independent samples involving 61,405 participants for the meta-analysis. We investigated the main effects of the Big Five and Dark Triad on cyberbullying behavior and explored the potential moderating effects. The results suggested that Conscientiousness and Agreeableness were negatively correlated with cyberbullying. Neuroticism, Machiavellianism, Psychopathy, and Narcissism were positively corelated to cyberbullying. However, Openness and Extroversion were not significantly associated with cyberbullying. Gender, age, and culture moderated the relationships between personality traits and cyberbullying. Overall, risk personality factors (Neuroticism, Machiavellianism, Psychopathy, and Narcissism) exhibit a stronger link to cyberbullying than protective personality factors (Conscientiousness and Agreeableness), and this study expands the General Strain Theory to General Aggression Models to explain the personality mechanisms of cyberbullying.
网络欺凌是随着互联网的快速发展而出现的一种人际攻击行为。本研究利用荟萃分析来探讨人格与网络欺凌之间的关系。通过对相关数据库的全面检索,荟萃分析共纳入了 68 项研究,74 个独立样本,涉及 61 405 名参与者。我们研究了 "大五人格 "和 "黑暗三人格 "对网络欺凌行为的主要影响,并探讨了潜在的调节作用。结果表明,自觉性和宜人性与网络欺凌呈负相关。神经质、马基雅维利主义、变态心理和自恋与网络欺凌呈正相关。然而,开放性和外向性与网络欺凌并无明显关联。性别、年龄和文化调节了人格特质与网络欺凌之间的关系。总体而言,风险性人格因素(神经质、马基雅维利主义、变态心理和自恋)比保护性人格因素(自觉性和宜人性)与网络欺凌有更强的联系,本研究将一般应变理论扩展到一般攻击模型,以解释网络欺凌的人格机制。
{"title":"A meta-analysis of the relationship between personality traits and cyberbullying","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2024.101992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2024.101992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyberbullying is an interpersonal aggression that has emerged due to the rapid development of the Internet. The present study utilized meta-analysis to explore the relationship between personality and cyberbullying. A comprehensive search of relevant databases included 68 studies with 74 independent samples involving 61,405 participants for the meta-analysis. We investigated the main effects of the Big Five and Dark Triad on cyberbullying behavior and explored the potential moderating effects. The results suggested that Conscientiousness and Agreeableness were negatively correlated with cyberbullying. Neuroticism, Machiavellianism, Psychopathy, and Narcissism were positively corelated to cyberbullying. However, Openness and Extroversion were not significantly associated with cyberbullying. Gender, age, and culture moderated the relationships between personality traits and cyberbullying. Overall, risk personality factors (Neuroticism, Machiavellianism, Psychopathy, and Narcissism) exhibit a stronger link to cyberbullying than protective personality factors (Conscientiousness and Agreeableness), and this study expands the General Strain Theory to General Aggression Models to explain the personality mechanisms of cyberbullying.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Crime, place, policy, and politics 犯罪、地点、政策和政治
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2024.101991
Over several decades, a robust body of empirical evidence has developed concerning crime occurring at specific locations, often referred to as “hot spots” (NASEM, 2018). Among researchers, it is well understood that there are efficiencies associated with attending to these geographic crime concentrations.
In this “review of reviews,” we examine systematic reviews of place-based anti-crime strategies, discuss the policy implications of this research, and examine the obstacles associated with disseminating place-based and other research findings in an era increasingly defined by political polarization. We also explore how these obstacles might be overcome.
Our examination of 17 systematic reviews demonstrates that (1) the large majority of place-based interventions have meaningful impacts on crime and violence, (2) these strategies do not substantially displace crime to nearby areas, (3) the effect sizes associated with these interventions are typically described as modest to moderate, and (4) the place-based strategies that feature policing generally have larger effects than those that feature green space, urban upgrading, or situational crime prevention strategies.
From these findings, we draw the following commonsense conclusions: when using place-based strategies to fight crime, policymakers and practitioners should target the places where crime concentrates and use a combination of enforcement and non-enforcement approaches that feature community-oriented problem-solving.
Despite the apparent simplicity of these findings, translating them into policy is challenging due to communication gaps between researchers and policymakers and also political constraints. While researchers may have limited options in addressing the latter challenge, the former may be overcome by using clear, direct communication that aligns with the public's apparent preference for balanced approaches to crime reduction. Future research should focus on refining these findings, improving communication about them with policymakers, and ensuring that they are implementable in real-world settings.
几十年来,关于特定地点(通常被称为 "热点")发生的犯罪,已经积累了大量经验证据(NASEM,2018)。在这篇 "评论综述 "中,我们研究了基于地点的打击犯罪策略的系统性评论,讨论了该研究的政策影响,并探讨了在一个政治两极分化日益严重的时代,传播基于地点的研究成果和其他研究成果所面临的障碍。我们对 17 篇系统性综述的研究表明:(1) 大部分基于场所的干预措施对犯罪和暴力产生了有意义的影响;(2) 这些策略不会将犯罪大量转移到附近地区;(3) 与这些干预措施相关的效应大小通常被描述为适中到中等;(4) 以维持治安为特色的基于场所的策略通常比以绿地、城市升级或情景犯罪预防策略为特色的策略具有更大的效应。从这些发现中,我们得出了以下常识性结论:在使用以场所为基础的策略打击犯罪时,政策制定者和从业者应针对犯罪集中的场所,采用执法和非执法相结合的方法,以社区为导向解决问题。尽管这些发现看似简单,但由于研究者和政策制定者之间的沟通障碍以及政治限制,将这些发现转化为政策具有挑战性。虽然研究人员在应对后一项挑战时可能选择有限,但前一项挑战可以通过清晰、直接的沟通来克服,这种沟通符合公众对平衡减少犯罪的方法的明显偏好。未来的研究应侧重于完善这些研究成果,改善与政策制定者的沟通,并确保这些研究成果在现实环境中可以实施。
{"title":"Crime, place, policy, and politics","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2024.101991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2024.101991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over several decades, a robust body of empirical evidence has developed concerning crime occurring at specific locations, often referred to as “hot spots” (NASEM, 2018). Among researchers, it is well understood that there are efficiencies associated with attending to these geographic crime concentrations.</div><div>In this “review of reviews,” we examine systematic reviews of place-based anti-crime strategies, discuss the policy implications of this research, and examine the obstacles associated with disseminating place-based and other research findings in an era increasingly defined by political polarization. We also explore how these obstacles might be overcome.</div><div>Our examination of 17 systematic reviews demonstrates that (1) the large majority of place-based interventions have meaningful impacts on crime and violence, (2) these strategies do not substantially displace crime to nearby areas, (3) the effect sizes associated with these interventions are typically described as modest to moderate, and (4) the place-based strategies that feature policing generally have larger effects than those that feature green space, urban upgrading, or situational crime prevention strategies.</div><div>From these findings, we draw the following commonsense conclusions: when using place-based strategies to fight crime, policymakers and practitioners should target the places where crime concentrates and use a combination of enforcement and non-enforcement approaches that feature community-oriented problem-solving.</div><div>Despite the apparent simplicity of these findings, translating them into policy is challenging due to communication gaps between researchers and policymakers and also political constraints. While researchers may have limited options in addressing the latter challenge, the former may be overcome by using clear, direct communication that aligns with the public's apparent preference for balanced approaches to crime reduction. Future research should focus on refining these findings, improving communication about them with policymakers, and ensuring that they are implementable in real-world settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The role of family members in the prevention of violent extremism and terrorism: A scoping review of the literature 家庭成员在预防暴力极端主义和恐怖主义中的作用:文献综述
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2024.101990

Researchers across disciplines have examined different facets of the violent radicalization pathway, generating an expansive collection of policy recommendations for prevention of violent extremism and terrorism. One important feature of prevention is community engagement, including a community member's ability and willingness to report indicators of radicalization and mobilization to violence. In this scoping review, we present a summation of the literature on what promotes or discourages a family member's ability to both understand indicators of radicalization and to engage in intervention attempts. Our review is organized into two primary categories: (1) observed, missed, and misunderstood warning signs, and (2) intervention attempts at home and by family members. We conclude our review with implications for policy and future research. We recommend a public health approach that acknowledges the urgent need for trauma-informed care, access to emotional and therapeutic services, and increased availability to educational resources about the radicalization pathway.

各学科的研究人员对暴力激进化途径的不同方面进行了研究,为预防暴力极端主义和恐怖主义提出了大量政策建议。预防工作的一个重要特点是社区参与,包括社区成员报告激进化和暴力动员迹象的能力和意愿。在本范围界定综述中,我们总结了有关促进或阻碍家庭成员理解激进化指标并参与干预尝试的文献。我们的综述主要分为两类:(1) 观察到的、遗漏的和被误解的警示信号;(2) 家庭和家庭成员的干预尝试。最后,我们总结了我们的综述对政策和未来研究的影响。我们建议采取一种公共卫生方法,承认迫切需要创伤知情护理、情感和治疗服务以及更多有关激进化途径的教育资源。
{"title":"The role of family members in the prevention of violent extremism and terrorism: A scoping review of the literature","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2024.101990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2024.101990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Researchers across disciplines have examined different facets of the violent radicalization pathway, generating an expansive collection of policy recommendations for prevention of violent extremism and terrorism. One important feature of prevention is community engagement, including a community member's ability and willingness to report indicators of radicalization and mobilization to violence. In this scoping review, we present a summation of the literature on what promotes or discourages a family member's ability to both understand indicators of radicalization and to engage in intervention attempts. Our review is organized into two primary categories: (1) observed, missed, and misunderstood warning signs, and (2) intervention attempts at home and by family members. We conclude our review with implications for policy and future research. We recommend a public health approach that acknowledges the urgent need for trauma-informed care, access to emotional and therapeutic services, and increased availability to educational resources about the radicalization pathway.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142044404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A mixed-methods systematic review of offence-related shame and/or guilt in violent offenders 对暴力犯罪者与犯罪相关的羞耻感和/或负罪感进行混合方法系统审查
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2024.101989

Violent crime may impact the perpetrator in many ways, such as experiencing the negative emotions of shame and/or guilt. These emotions may subsequently play a role in adjusting to life after the crime has taken place, which is an area that has been relatively under-researched.

The review aimed to identify and synthesise all available literature on the experience of offence-related shame and/or guilt in violent offenders, and to describe and characterise the methodological standard of research evidence whilst suggesting areas for further research.

A systematic review of relevant databases was conducted using predefined search terms related to ‘shame’ and/or ‘guilt’ and ‘violent offenders’. A mixed methods systematic review of sample characteristics, methodologies and measures was conducted to describe and compare findings across quantitative and qualitative studies.

The review yielded nine papers. Offence-related shame and/or guilt was prevalent among violent populations. Results highlight the complexity and importance of the two emotions for offender rehabilitation.

The findings support the need for further investigation to improve the methodological rigor within this area, such as the use of, and development of validated measures of offence-related shame and/or guilt to encourage a more reformed understanding of offence-related shame and/or guilt, for violent offenders. The review considers several implications for research and practice.

暴力犯罪可能会对犯罪者造成多方面的影响,例如产生羞愧和/或内疚等负面情绪。这些情绪随后可能会对犯罪后的生活适应产生影响,而这一领域的研究相对不足。
{"title":"A mixed-methods systematic review of offence-related shame and/or guilt in violent offenders","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2024.101989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2024.101989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Violent crime may impact the perpetrator in many ways, such as experiencing the negative emotions of shame and/or guilt. These emotions may subsequently play a role in adjusting to life after the crime has taken place, which is an area that has been relatively under-researched.</p><p>The review aimed to identify and synthesise all available literature on the experience of offence-related shame and/or guilt in violent offenders, and to describe and characterise the methodological standard of research evidence whilst suggesting areas for further research.</p><p>A systematic review of relevant databases was conducted using predefined search terms related to ‘shame’ and/or ‘guilt’ and ‘violent offenders’. A mixed methods systematic review of sample characteristics, methodologies and measures was conducted to describe and compare findings across quantitative and qualitative studies.</p><p>The review yielded nine papers. Offence-related shame and/or guilt was prevalent among violent populations. Results highlight the complexity and importance of the two emotions for offender rehabilitation.</p><p>The findings support the need for further investigation to improve the methodological rigor within this area, such as the use of, and development of validated measures of offence-related shame and/or guilt to encourage a more reformed understanding of offence-related shame and/or guilt, for violent offenders. The review considers several implications for research and practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135917892400079X/pdfft?md5=2890b8ad73fe6a8dcfcbeb754a231c52&pid=1-s2.0-S135917892400079X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142045843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does level of geography influence proactive policing's impact on crime? A synthesis of systematic reviews of three evidence-based policing strategies 地理水平是否影响主动警务对犯罪的影响?对三种循证警务战略的系统综述
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2024.101988

Recent systematic reviews on proactive policing interventions illustrate the potential effectiveness of these strategies for reducing crime and disorder. However, many proactive strategies are often confounded with the impacts of focused place-based interventions – or hot spots policing – which have also been associated with significant crime reductions. In this article, we combine data from recent systematic reviews on problem-oriented policing, police stops, and preventive police patrol to investigate whether the deterrent effects of these interventions are moderated by the level of geography targeted. Using meta-regression models to assess the impact of geography while controlling for the impact of policing strategy and other relevant study characteristics, we find that level of geography is the most important predictor of crime prevention outcomes. Specifically, focused micro-geographic interventions are associated with the largest relative crime reductions, regardless of the policing strategy employed. Our estimates also suggest, however, that problem-oriented policing strategies produce larger general crime reduction effects than police patrol and police stop interventions across all levels of geography. We conclude that geography should play a major role in evidence-based crime prevention efforts, but that police agencies should also carefully consider the strategies that they employ and their impacts on both crime and the community.

最近对积极主动的治安干预措施进行的系统审查表明,这些战略在减少犯罪和混乱方面具有潜在的有效性。然而,许多积极主动的策略往往与以地点为基础的重点干预措施(或称热点警务)的影响相混淆,而后者也与显著减少犯罪有关。在这篇文章中,我们结合了最近关于问题导向型警务、警察拦截和预防性警察巡逻的系统综述数据,研究这些干预措施的威慑效果是否会受到所针对的地域水平的影响。我们使用元回归模型评估了地理因素的影响,同时控制了警务策略和其他相关研究特征的影响,结果发现地理水平是预测犯罪预防结果的最重要因素。具体而言,无论采用何种警务策略,有重点的微观地理干预措施都能最大程度地减少犯罪。不过,我们的估计结果还表明,在所有地理层面上,以问题为导向的警务策略比警察巡逻和警察拦截干预措施产生的总体犯罪减少效果更大。我们的结论是,地理因素应在以证据为基础的犯罪预防工作中发挥重要作用,但警察机构也应仔细考虑其采用的策略及其对犯罪和社区的影响。
{"title":"Does level of geography influence proactive policing's impact on crime? A synthesis of systematic reviews of three evidence-based policing strategies","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2024.101988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2024.101988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent systematic reviews on proactive policing interventions illustrate the potential effectiveness of these strategies for reducing crime and disorder. However, many proactive strategies are often confounded with the impacts of focused place-based interventions – or hot spots policing – which have also been associated with significant crime reductions. In this article, we combine data from recent systematic reviews on problem-oriented policing, police stops, and preventive police patrol to investigate whether the deterrent effects of these interventions are moderated by the level of geography targeted. Using meta-regression models to assess the impact of geography while controlling for the impact of policing strategy and other relevant study characteristics, we find that level of geography is the most important predictor of crime prevention outcomes. Specifically, focused micro-geographic interventions are associated with the largest relative crime reductions, regardless of the policing strategy employed. Our estimates also suggest, however, that problem-oriented policing strategies produce larger general crime reduction effects than police patrol and police stop interventions across all levels of geography. We conclude that geography should play a major role in evidence-based crime prevention efforts, but that police agencies should also carefully consider the strategies that they employ and their impacts on both crime and the community.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142058331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gun ownership and gun violence: A comparison of the United States and Switzerland 枪支所有权与枪支暴力:美国与瑞士的比较
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2024.101987

There is a great deal of empirical evidence from the USA, but also internationally, that country-level gun ownership is positively associated with homicide and mass shooting rates. Because Switzerland appears to be an exception to this rule, having a high level of gun ownership but a very low homicide rate and practically no mass shootings, the Swiss situation is often used as evidence that firearm availability in the USA is not a cause of its high homicide and mass shooting rate. It is not surprising that the US National Rifle Association often points to Switzerland to argue that more rules on gun ownership are not necessary. Our psychological approach to gun violence acknowledges the sentiment that “guns don't kill people, people kill people”, by agreeing that guns are only means to an end – to use a gun for murder or a mass shooting usually requires a willingness to shoot, an intention. We examine three major differences between these countries that could contribute to the difference in homicides and mass shootings—namely, differences in gun laws, gun culture, and in relevant societal conditions. We argue that it is the greater role guns play as symbols of individual empowerment in the USA, the greater challenges facing American notions of masculinity and most importantly, the greater level of economic deprivation (i.e., poverty) suffered by large sections of the US population that are plausible causes of the higher rate of homicides and mass shootings.

美国以及国际上都有大量经验证据表明,国家层面的枪支拥有率与凶杀案和大规模枪击案的发生率呈正相关。由于瑞士似乎是一个例外,它的枪支拥有率很高,但凶杀率却很低,而且几乎没有大规模枪击事件发生,因此瑞士的情况经常被用作证据,证明枪支的可获得性并不是美国凶杀率和大规模枪击事件发生率高的原因。美国全国步枪协会经常以瑞士为例来论证没有必要制定更多的持枪规定,这也就不足为奇了。我们研究枪支暴力的心理学方法承认 "枪不杀人,人杀人 "的观点,同意枪支只是达到目的的手段--使用枪支进行谋杀或大规模枪击通常需要有开枪的意愿和意图。我们研究了这些国家之间可能导致杀人案和大规模枪击案不同的三大差异--即枪支法律、枪支文化和相关社会条件的差异。我们认为,在美国,枪支作为个人能力的象征发挥着更大的作用,美国人的男性观念面临着更大的挑战,最重要的是,美国大部分人口遭受着更严重的经济剥夺(即贫困),这些都是造成凶杀案和大规模枪击案发生率较高的合理原因。
{"title":"Gun ownership and gun violence: A comparison of the United States and Switzerland","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2024.101987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2024.101987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is a great deal of empirical evidence from the USA, but also internationally, that country-level gun ownership is positively associated with homicide and mass shooting rates. Because Switzerland appears to be an exception to this rule, having a high level of gun ownership but a very low homicide rate and practically no mass shootings, the Swiss situation is often used as evidence that firearm availability in the USA is not a cause of its high homicide and mass shooting rate. It is not surprising that the US National Rifle Association often points to Switzerland to argue that more rules on gun ownership are not necessary. Our psychological approach to gun violence acknowledges the sentiment that “guns don't kill people, people kill people”, by agreeing that guns are only <em>means</em> to an end – to use a gun for murder or a mass shooting usually requires a willingness to shoot, an <em>intention</em>. We examine three major differences between these countries that could contribute to the difference in homicides and mass shootings—namely, differences in gun laws, gun culture, and in relevant societal conditions. We argue that it is the greater role guns play as symbols of individual empowerment in the USA, the greater challenges facing American notions of masculinity and most importantly, the greater level of economic deprivation (i.e., poverty) suffered by large sections of the US population that are plausible causes of the higher rate of homicides and mass shootings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359178924000776/pdfft?md5=697ef5672fad09d3bd300a606124ccb3&pid=1-s2.0-S1359178924000776-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Violence, place, and health: A review of the literature 暴力、地点与健康:文献综述
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2024.101983

The interrelationship of crime and health at microgeographic places is an understudied area of research. While research on the geography of health provides an ecological perspective on the role of the built environment and how the use of public spaces impacts well-being, the role of crime and violence in these places is not typically a central focus. Alternatively, a subset of criminological studies has been interested in the effects of crime and disorder on health, particularly mental health, but typically at larger units of analysis such as neighborhoods. Our article provides a systematic review of research on the intersection of crime and health at microplaces, with a focus on violence and stress-related health outcomes. Our systematic search produced eight relevant studies on the relationship between violence and health at the microgeographic level. These largely fall under studies interested in public spaces, such as parks, or residential spaces. A relatively new large-scale survey in Baltimore has also been increasingly utilized to investigate these questions and holds much promise for future inquiry. Directions for future research will also be discussed.

微观地理区域的犯罪与健康之间的相互关系是一个研究不足的领域。虽然健康地理学研究提供了一个生态学视角,来研究建筑环境的作用以及公共空间的使用如何影响健康,但犯罪和暴力在这些地方的作用通常不是研究的重点。另外,犯罪学研究中也有一部分关注犯罪和混乱对健康(尤其是心理健康)的影响,但通常是以街区等更大的单位进行分析。我们的文章对犯罪与健康在微观场所的交叉研究进行了系统回顾,重点关注暴力和压力相关的健康结果。通过系统检索,我们发现了八项关于微观地理层面暴力与健康关系的相关研究。这些研究主要涉及公园等公共空间或住宅空间。在巴尔的摩进行的一项相对较新的大规模调查也越来越多地被用来研究这些问题,并为未来的研究带来了很多希望。我们还将讨论未来的研究方向。
{"title":"Violence, place, and health: A review of the literature","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2024.101983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2024.101983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The interrelationship of crime and health at microgeographic places is an understudied area of research. While research on the geography of health provides an ecological perspective on the role of the built environment and how the use of public spaces impacts well-being, the role of crime and violence in these places is not typically a central focus. Alternatively, a subset of criminological studies has been interested in the effects of crime and disorder on health, particularly mental health, but typically at larger units of analysis such as neighborhoods. Our article provides a systematic review of research on the intersection of crime and health at microplaces, with a focus on violence and stress-related health outcomes. Our systematic search produced eight relevant studies on the relationship between violence and health at the microgeographic level. These largely fall under studies interested in public spaces, such as parks, or residential spaces. A relatively new large-scale survey in Baltimore has also been increasingly utilized to investigate these questions and holds much promise for future inquiry. Directions for future research will also be discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Place-based approaches to reducing violent crime hot spots: A review of the evidence on public health approaches 以地方为基础的减少暴力犯罪热点的方法:对公共卫生方法证据的审查
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2024.101984

Research from around the world shows that violent crime is spatially clustered in hot spots. A growing body of research shows that place-based changes to the built environment can help reduce violent crime. Increasingly, research summaries imply there are important public health approaches to reduce the hyper-concentration of violence. Past summaries of the effect of place-based changes on violence have focused primarily on their overall effect and have not paid adequate attention to the impact on violent crime within hot spots. Additionally, research summaries seldom delineate what place-based changes actually involve the work of public health departments versus that of housing agencies, redevelopment authorities, street departments, or community-based nonprofits. This review focuses on evidence from experimental and quasi-experimental studies of placed-based changes to the built environment that focus on violent crime hot spots. A narrative review discusses the context of each intervention and assesses their effect sizes on violent crime. Implications for this evidence for public health approaches to reduce violent crime hot spots are considered.

世界各地的研究表明,暴力犯罪在空间上集中在热点地区。越来越多的研究表明,以地点为基础改变建筑环境有助于减少暴力犯罪。越来越多的研究总结表明,有重要的公共卫生方法可以减少暴力的过度集中。以往关于基于场所的改变对暴力的影响的总结主要集中在其整体影响上,而没有充分关注对热点地区暴力犯罪的影响。此外,研究总结很少对公共卫生部门与住房机构、重建机构、街道部门或社区非营利组织的工作进行比较,以确定哪些基于地方的变革实际上涉及公共卫生部门的工作。本综述重点关注以暴力犯罪热点地区为重点,对建筑环境进行基于场所的改变的实验和准实验研究证据。叙述性综述讨论了每项干预措施的背景,并评估了其对暴力犯罪的影响大小。还考虑了这些证据对减少暴力犯罪热点的公共卫生方法的影响。
{"title":"Place-based approaches to reducing violent crime hot spots: A review of the evidence on public health approaches","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2024.101984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2024.101984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research from around the world shows that violent crime is spatially clustered in hot spots. A growing body of research shows that place-based changes to the built environment can help reduce violent crime. Increasingly, research summaries imply there are important public health approaches to reduce the hyper-concentration of violence. Past summaries of the effect of place-based changes on violence have focused primarily on their overall effect and have not paid adequate attention to the impact on violent crime within hot spots. Additionally, research summaries seldom delineate what place-based changes actually involve the work of public health departments versus that of housing agencies, redevelopment authorities, street departments, or community-based nonprofits. This review focuses on evidence from experimental and quasi-experimental studies of placed-based changes to the built environment that focus on violent crime hot spots. A narrative review discusses the context of each intervention and assesses their effect sizes on violent crime. Implications for this evidence for public health approaches to reduce violent crime hot spots are considered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141846342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does the “hot- versus cold-blooded” distinction of reactive and proactive aggression extend to physiology? 被动攻击与主动攻击的 "热血与冷血 "区别是否延伸到了生理学领域?
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2024.101986

Aggressive behavior is a multifaceted phenomenon encompassing various behaviors with distinct etiological, developmental, and motivational underpinnings. Reactive aggression is impulsive, emotionally charged, and triggered by real or perceived provocation, whereas proactive aggression is premeditated, controlled, and aimed at achieving specific goals. This review delves into the physiological aspects of aggression to explore the validity of the “hot-blooded” (reactive) versus “cold-blooded” (proactive) distinction, which are thought to be associated with hyper-arousal and hypo-arousal, respectively. To do so, we build on evidence from work investigating the role of heart rate (HR), skin conductance (SC), heart rate variability (HRV), and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in the manifestation of reactive and proactive aggression. Our review points to contradicting findings in terms of the physiological arousal patterns associated with each aggressive behavior, although associations with HRV and RSA were more consistent compared to those found for HR and SC measures. We propose distinct possibilities that might explain the identified contradictory evidence. Specifically, we suggest that future research needs to test for (1) environmental moderation (e.g., parenting styles), (2) individual differences (e.g., negative emotionality and callous-unemotional traits), (3) potential associations with physiological responses to threat (e.g., fear conditioning and startle reactivity), and (4) the interaction between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Despite its limitations, this line of work also has important implications and can guide more effective interventions for aggressive individuals who operate at a high cost to peers, family members and to the society in general.

攻击行为是一种多方面的现象,包括各种具有不同病因、发展和动机基础的行为。反应性攻击行为是冲动的、情绪化的、由真实或感知到的挑衅引发的,而主动性攻击行为则是有预谋的、受控制的、旨在实现特定目标的。本综述深入研究了攻击行为的生理方面,以探讨 "热血"(反应性)与 "冷血"(主动性)区别的有效性,这两种情况被认为分别与过度唤醒和低度唤醒有关。为此,我们以研究心率(HR)、皮肤电导(SC)、心率变异性(HRV)和呼吸窦性心律失常(RSA)在反应性和主动性攻击行为表现中的作用的研究成果为基础。尽管与心率变异性和呼吸窦性心律失常的相关性相比,心率变异性和呼吸窦性心律失常的相关性更为一致,但我们的综述指出,与每种攻击行为相关的生理唤醒模式的研究结果相互矛盾。我们提出了不同的可能性来解释已发现的相互矛盾的证据。具体来说,我们建议未来的研究需要测试:(1)环境调节(如养育方式);(2)个体差异(如消极情绪和冷酷无情特质);(3)与对威胁的生理反应(如恐惧条件反射和惊吓反应性)的潜在关联;以及(4)交感神经系统和副交感神经系统之间的相互作用。尽管有其局限性,但这一研究方向也具有重要的意义,可以指导对攻击性强的人采取更有效的干预措施,因为这些人的行为会给同伴、家庭成员和整个社会带来高昂的代价。
{"title":"Does the “hot- versus cold-blooded” distinction of reactive and proactive aggression extend to physiology?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2024.101986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2024.101986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aggressive behavior is a multifaceted phenomenon encompassing various behaviors with distinct etiological, developmental, and motivational underpinnings. Reactive aggression is impulsive, emotionally charged, and triggered by real or perceived provocation, whereas proactive aggression is premeditated, controlled, and aimed at achieving specific goals. This review delves into the physiological aspects of aggression to explore the validity of the “hot-blooded” (reactive) versus “cold-blooded” (proactive) distinction, which are thought to be associated with hyper-arousal and hypo-arousal, respectively. To do so, we build on evidence from work investigating the role of heart rate (HR), skin conductance (SC), heart rate variability (HRV), and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in the manifestation of reactive and proactive aggression. Our review points to contradicting findings in terms of the physiological arousal patterns associated with each aggressive behavior, although associations with HRV and RSA were more consistent compared to those found for HR and SC measures. We propose distinct possibilities that might explain the identified contradictory evidence. Specifically, we suggest that future research needs to test for (1) environmental moderation (e.g., parenting styles), (2) individual differences (e.g., negative emotionality and callous-unemotional traits), (3) potential associations with physiological responses to threat (e.g., fear conditioning and startle reactivity), and (4) the interaction between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Despite its limitations, this line of work also has important implications and can guide more effective interventions for aggressive individuals who operate at a high cost to peers, family members and to the society in general.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141846903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How can (or could) biology inform more effective parenting interventions for childhood aggression? 生物学如何(或可以)为更有效地干预儿童攻击行为提供依据?
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2024.101985

Recent decades have seen substantial research on the biology of childhood aggression. Here, we review whether and how insights from biological research have contributed to more effective treatments for aggression, with a focus on parenting interventions. We also outline specific strategies for researchers to integrate biological and clinical approaches to refine or augment parenting-focused interventions moving forward. In particular, we (1) evaluate the ability of biological data to provide unique and treatment-relevant insights into the mechanisms of aggression, beyond behavioral data; (2) outline ways of incorporating biological measures directly into clinical practice and possible drawbacks; and (3) discuss the privileged position of biological evidence in the eyes of policymakers and the public, including the potential to drive change at the risk of promoting biological essentialism. To meaningfully advance parenting interventions for childhood aggression, clinical scientists must be thoughtful about the promises and possible pitfalls of integrating biological and implementation-oriented approaches.

近几十年来,人们对儿童攻击行为的生物学特性进行了大量研究。在此,我们回顾了生物学研究的见解是否以及如何有助于更有效地治疗攻击行为,重点是亲职教育干预。我们还概述了研究人员整合生物学和临床方法的具体策略,以完善或加强以亲职教育为重点的干预措施。特别是,我们(1)评估了生物数据对行为数据之外的攻击机制提供独特的、与治疗相关的见解的能力;(2)概述了将生物测量直接纳入临床实践的方法以及可能存在的弊端;以及(3)讨论了生物证据在政策制定者和公众眼中的特权地位,包括在促进生物本质论的风险下推动变革的潜力。为了有意义地推进针对儿童攻击行为的养育干预措施,临床科学家必须深思熟虑地认识到将生物学方法与以实施为导向的方法相结合的前景和可能存在的隐患。
{"title":"How can (or could) biology inform more effective parenting interventions for childhood aggression?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2024.101985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2024.101985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent decades have seen substantial research on the biology of childhood aggression. Here, we review whether and how insights from biological research have contributed to more effective treatments for aggression, with a focus on parenting interventions. We also outline specific strategies for researchers to integrate biological and clinical approaches to refine or augment parenting-focused interventions moving forward. In particular, we (1) evaluate the ability of biological data to provide unique and treatment-relevant insights into the mechanisms of aggression, beyond behavioral data; (2) outline ways of incorporating biological measures directly into clinical practice and possible drawbacks; and (3) discuss the privileged position of biological evidence in the eyes of policymakers and the public, including the potential to drive change at the risk of promoting biological essentialism. To meaningfully advance parenting interventions for childhood aggression, clinical scientists must be thoughtful about the promises and possible pitfalls of integrating biological and implementation-oriented approaches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Aggression and Violent Behavior
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1