Aggression and Violent Behavior最新文献

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a prevalent issue impacting women around the world. Researchers have explored risk and protective markers associated with physical IPV in attempt to better understand and prevent IPV. This study builds on this work by examining how level of globalization, a macrosystem factor, impacts the strength of risk and protective markers for male physical IPV perpetration that have been previously identified by researchers. Our primary findings suggest that level of globalization, a macrosystem factor, influences the strength of the association between physical IPV perpetration and risk and protective markers on various ecological system levels. Lower levels of globalization was associated with the strengthening of child abuse victimization, witnessing parental IPV, emotional IPV perpetration, sexual IPV perpetration, and alcohol use as risk marker of physical IPV perpetration. Lower levels of globalization was also associated with the strengthening of older age and relationship satisfaction as protective factors against physical IPV perpetration.

Psychological treatments have been increasingly used with justice-involved individuals; however, evidence regarding their effectiveness remains unclear. Thus, new approaches, such as Cognitive-Behavioural (CB) “third wave” therapies, have been implemented with justice-involved individuals. This systematic review describes and assesses the effectiveness of different CB “third wave” therapies, such as Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT), Mindfulness-based Approaches (MBA), Metacognitive Therapy (MCT), and Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) with justice-involved individuals. The research was conducted in four databases (i.e., B-on, PubMed, Science Direct, and PsycINFO) up to November 2023. Fifty studies were included in the review. DBT was the most assessed, followed by ACT. No studies using FAP and MCT were included. Preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of ACT, DBT, CFT, and MBA with justice-involved populations regarding aggression and violent behaviour reductions was found. However, the studies revealed some methodological shortcomings preventing us from reaching firmer conclusions. More research is needed to understand the impact of CB “third wave” therapies in forensic settings further.

Individuals with psychopathic traits detained in forensic settings are considered a difficult-to-treat population, but empirical support for this claim has not been systematically evaluated. This systematic review aimed to answer two research questions for both youth and adults detained in forensic settings: Are specialized (psycho)therapeutic interventions more effective than Treatment As Usual in (1) reducing psychopathic traits; and (2) reducing criminal recidivism in individuals with high psychopathic traits? Literature searches yielded five studies, involving 653 youth (four studies: two assessing the changeability of psychopathic traits; two assessing criminal recidivism) and 64 adults detained in forensic settings (one study assessing criminal recidivism). Regarding the changeability of psychopathic traits, one study showed a reduction of psychopathic traits for treatment participants in comparison with controls, while the other did not find differences between groups. Regarding criminal recidivism, studies with youth showed that criminal recidivism could be reduced after the delivery of psychotherapeutic interventions, while the study with adults found that treatment could reduce the severity of subsequent offenses, but not recidivism per se. Although scarce and limited, these findings presented promising treatment outcomes, especially in youth, stressing the need to develop evidence-based interventions to this high-risk population. (PROSPERO-CRD42021240218).

Thoughts about harming another person are a common phenomenon and can be understood through two different constructs: aggressive intrusive thoughts and aggressive scripts. Aggressive intrusive thoughts are commonly investigated in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and aggressive scripts are reported by offender populations. The current review explores whether aggressive intrusive thoughts and aggressive scripts share similarities with regards to well established features from intrusive thought research, including frequency, intrusiveness, influence of maladaptive appraisals, associated emotional experiences, and thought control strategies. A targeted systematic review was deemed inappropriate due to the nature of the review and the lack of specific literature in the area. To inform this critical review, a literature search was conducted using relevant key words, and references from established research in the area were examined. Findings from this study identify that some features including frequency, distress, and thought control strategies are relevant to aggressive scripts.

Understanding the relationship these features have with aggressive scripts may prove beneficial for not only differentiating this construct from intrusive thoughts but for also informing risk assessment and intervention for those who experience them.

After decades of advocacy, prosecution of elder abuse has increased, a trend that is likely to continue. However, the increased scrutiny of elder abuse has raised questions about the consequences of prosecution on victims, perpetrators, and society, calling for a careful analysis of when and how the criminal justice system intervenes in these cases. To understand the nature and characteristics of elder abuse perpetrators, the article briefly reviews three sources of administrative data on perpetrators, followed by a concise review of the perpetrator research, most of which does not draw from criminal justice samples. To explain how the criminal justice system responds to elder abuse perpetrators, the article describes the criminal justice system's philosophy, the careful balancing of multiple factors when exercising prosecutorial discretion and provides a compilation of criminal justice responses that may be available to prosecutors in elder abuse cases. Recommendations for improvements in administrative data and increases in the quantity and quality of perpetrator research are presented. Where prosecution may be warranted, this paper argues that prosecutors would benefit from having a range of pre- and post-charging perpetrator interventions available. Filling research gaps identified in this paper could form the foundation for developing targeted criminal justice responses that both address the underlying causes of perpetrator criminal behavior and consider victim's wishes and may ultimately increase the safety and well-being of older adults and the communities in which they live.

Femicide, the most extreme expression of gender-based violence, is perpetrated primarily by intimate partners, and it also victimizes women during pregnancy and the postpartum period. This study aimed to analyze the scientific literature on intimate partner femicide among pregnant and postpartum women to determine the magnitude of this event, its risk factors, and the main information sources consulted to produce this data. A systematic search of six databases (PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and PsycINFO) produced 885 articles published between 2000 and 2020. After careful analysis, ten articles that met the requirements of this study were selected. The results suggest that intimate partner femicide during pregnancy and the postpartum period was responsible for a significant number of homicides during that period. Firearm injuries are the most common cause of injury, affecting primarily Black, single, young women who utilize health services. Combinations of different information systems were used as a data source to identify femicides. The implementation of intersectoral prevention and protection policies is fundamental and contributes to breaking the invisibility and naturalization of violence committed by an intimate partner. It is also necessary to discuss the information qualification to classify this crime and the impact of violence on the maternal mortality rate.

Violence towards formal and informal caregivers is a frequently occurring and complex international hazard in healthcare that has a negative impact on the physical and psychological health states of caregivers. However, little is known about the prevalence and type of violence towards formal and informal caregivers by care recipients in the home care settings. The aim of this review is to obtain insight into the prevalence of violence by home care recipients against formal and informal caregivers in home care settings and the types and consequences of violence. A systematic review was conducted between March and May 2023 using the PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases. A methodological quality appraisal was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Data collection was performed until May 2023. Out of 1087 screened articles, a total of 10 full texts were included after the screening process. Findings demonstrate that workplace violence is an understudied area of research. The few studies found in this review showed high prevalence rates of violence with risk for physical and mental injuries for formal caregivers. No information at all on violence against informal caregivers was available. Strategies for prevention and intervention against violence in the home care setting must be developed. To develop strategies, it is important to have more insight in the prevalence and types of violence. It is also important to explore violence against informal caregivers in research.

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Violence towards formal caregivers in home care settings is a common risk that negatively impacts the health status of caregivers.

This study aimed to systematize the peer-reviewed studies published about the relationship between direct and indirect exposure to family violence in childhood and adolescence and food consumption at different stages of life. Seven databases were searched, without restrictions on language and year of publication. Publications in English, Spanish or Portuguese about the experience of family violence during childhood and adolescence and/or exposure to intimate partner violence and food consumption were eligible. The selection, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted by three reviewers. The search resulted in 4040 articles. At the end, seven articles were included in this review. They were published between 2009 and 2020, in the USA, England and Brazil. The exposure and outcome were measured differently in the studies, either by specific questions or by validated instruments. Seven studies evaluated direct family violence, and only one evaluated indirectly. The literature suggests that family violence appears to be associated with food consumption. However, the studies had considerable heterogeneity in the design, study population and measurement methods, which makes it difficult to understand this relationship.

Violence of all types is a global public health problem. Cash-based incentives can potentially reduce violence outcomes by reducing economic hardership. We aim to deliver a comprehensive systematic review of the relationship between cash-based incentives with a variety of violence outcomes.

We searched studies assessing the relationship between cash-based incentives with violence outcomes at PubMed, EMBASE, Global Health and LILACS from the database's creation until July 12th, 2023. We evaluated the relationship of cash-based incentives on five types of violence outcome: intimate partner violence (IPV), child maltreatment, suicide, youth violence, and general violence. Cash-based incentives were grouped into Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT), Unconditional Cash Transfer (CCT), cash in combination with interventions other than cash(cash+), tax credits, cash for work and start-up grants. We classified the strength of evidence according to the study design and quality. An evidence map was developed to indicate gaps in the literature and impact (reduction, null and mixed). This systematic review is registered on PROSPERO, number CRD42020167049. The strength of evidence was mainly classified as moderate, or limited. The evidence map indicated research gaps on the effect of cash+ and cash for work on suicide and general violence, tax credit on general violence and start-up grants on child maltreatment, suicide, and general violence.

Despite the important number of mixed evidence, we found strong and very strong evidence that cash-based interventions reduced transactional and age-disparate sex among girls, suicide, IPV victimisation, physical, emotional and sexual IPV, and physical child maltreatment. Future studies should focus on the gaps found in this review.

Workplace violence encompasses physical violence, verbal abuse, sexual harassment, bullying, and threatening behaviors. Reviews indicate that it is widely prevalent among healthcare professionals, but there is a lack of well-designed reviews specifically focusing on nursing students. This review aimed to synthesize the global prevalence and factors associated with workplace violence against nursing students, and prevalence estimates based on the different types of violence and perpetrators. A three-step search strategy included studies since inception from six electronic databases. Studies meeting eligibility criteria were included. Meta-analyses, subgroup, and meta-regression analyses were used to synthesize pooled prevalence rates. Thirty studies involving 10,955 nursing students were included. This review revealed that 55.1 % of nursing students have encountered workplace violence. Nursing undergraduates exhibited a significantly higher prevalence rate compared to a mixed group of undergraduates with diverse nursing or student profiles. Verbal abuse (53.3 %) and bullying (43.6 %) emerged as the most widespread forms of workplace violence, with nurses (24.2 %) and patients (22.8 %) being the most frequent perpetrators. This study suggests that academic and healthcare organizations develop stringent policies to combat workplace violence against nursing students. Future research may also focus on workplace violence risk factors and their long-term impacts on nursing students.