Aggression and Violent Behavior最新文献

Interventions for individuals who commit offenses are of great importance to reduce criminal recidivism by targeting criminogenic factors. The first and most widely applied program is the Reasoning & Rehabilitation (R&R) program. Despite evidence that the R&R program (and its derivatives) is effective in reducing recidivism, questions remain regarding the benefits in a range of cognitive and behavioral outcomes, the long-term effects, and the difference between psychosocial outcomes for different individuals' characteristics (i.e., sex, age, mental disorders, intellectual disabilities). This systematic review and meta-analysis address these issues. A total of 28 studies were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review and 23 studies (N = 2528) for the meta-analysis. Results indicated that the R&R is effective in increasing (social) problem solving (SMD = 0.26, p = 0.009), empathy/social-perspective taking (SMD = 0.37, p < 0.001), and decreasing violence/aggression (SMD = 0.38, p = 0.003), anger/hostility (SMD = 0.25, p = 0.003), and impulsivity/inhibition (SMD = 0.27, p = 0.003) but not on criminal attitudes (SMD = 0.20, p = 0.07). Secondary, and some other primary outcomes, were not examined owing to the small number of studies that included these outcomes. We conclude that the R&R is effective at improving some psychosocial skills among individuals who commit offenses. However, questions still remain (i.e., the long-term effect on some outcomes, the effect on different types of offenders, and different comparison groups) because of the small number of studies.

Recent shifts in societal attitudes toward cannabis have led to a dramatic increase in consumption rates in many Western countries, particularly among young people. This trend has shed light on a significant link between cannabis use disorder (CUD) and pathological reactive aggression, a condition involving disproportionate aggressive and violent reactions to minor provocations. The discourse on the connection between cannabis use and aggression is frequently enmeshed in political and legal discussions, leading to a polarized understanding of the causative relationship between cannabis use and aggression. However, integrative analyses from both human and animal research indicate a complex, bidirectional interplay between cannabis misuse and pathological aggression. On the one hand, emerging research reveals a shared genetic and environmental predisposition for both cannabis use and aggression, suggesting a common underlying biological mechanism. On the other hand, there is evidence that cannabis consumption can lead to violent behaviors while also being used as a self-medication strategy to mitigate the negative emotions associated with pathological reactive aggression. This suggests that the coexistence of pathological aggression and CUD may result from overlapping vulnerabilities, potentially creating a self-perpetuating cycle where each condition exacerbates the other, escalating into externalizing and violent behaviors. This article aims to synthesize existing research on the intricate connections between these issues and propose a theoretical model to explain the neurobiological mechanisms underpinning this complex relationship.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) impacts more than 40 % of people in the U.S. Since the 1980s, the U.S. has maintained a police-centric response to IPV, which relies on arrest—via policies like mandatory arrest laws—as its primary intervention. There is mixed evidence on whether IPV policing decreases subsequent IPV at the individual level, but less is known about IPV policing's broader collateral consequences. This systematic scoping review is the first to synthesize existing evidence for the generalized consequences of IPV policing in the U.S. We searched Web of Science, ProQuest, and EBSCO Host, and identified 36 relevant articles. Survivor criminalization was the most studied generalized consequence of IPV policing and existing studies have documented positive associations between mandatory arrest laws and risk of survivor arrest. We also found numerous methodologically rigorous studies on the effects of mandatory arrest laws on population-level IPV victimization. The review also identifies gaps in the evidence base: there is a need for research on additional potential consequences of IPV policing such as police violence against survivors, involvement of child protective services, and psychosocial and physical health outcomes of survivors.

Firesetting is an international public health concern with significant consequences for individuals and society. However, the adult firesetting literature is limited, especially for treatment provision. PsycINFO, EMBASE, MEDLINE Complete, PsycArticles, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest Central, and CINAHL were searched for peer-reviewed quantitative studies considering psychological interventions targeting deliberate firesetting in adults and subject to a narrative synthesis. Of the 4542 identified studies, 14 (n = 343 firesetters) met the broad inclusion criteria. Most studies comprised single-case or small-scale evaluations with highly selected samples, heterogeneous needs, and methodological limitations (e.g., lacking experimental control or reliable evaluation methods). Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in a group format is currently the most evaluated intervention in UK secure living environments. High-quality studies showed that CBT group-based interventions improved firesetting-specific outcomes (i.e., problematic interest and associations with fire) and psychological vulnerabilities associated with firesetting (e.g., anger expression or offence-supporting attitudes) among prisoners and mental health inpatients. The paucity of high-quality evaluation studies and the considerable heterogeneity of the available study designs make it difficult to compare the existing interventions and draw reliable conclusions about what works for whom. Larger prospective longitudinal studies are needed internationally with multi-site designs, follow-up recidivism data in the community, and control groups to determine whether these interventions can effectively reduce firesetting risk.

Institutional child abuse has several negative impacts, including effects on mental health, well-being and interpersonal relationships. There is a need to understand this complex form of abuse occurring in an out-of-home setting. The current review aims to understand the literature base regarding the impact of institutional child abuse and to identify areas where further research is needed. Consequently, a systematic review was conducted, which captured quantitative and qualitative methods. This resulted in 58 papers being included. The papers captured the impacts of institutional abuse, covering physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect (i.e., a failure to be adequately cared for). These were then analysed using a qualitative methodology, specifically Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Several factors, such as prior abuse, were reported to exacerbate the impact of institutional abuse, whereas secure attachment was noted as a protective feature. Responses to disclosure appear to have an important role in recovery. Areas important for further research included understanding the role of protective factors and how they impact future outcomes, but to do so alongside an acknowledgement and greater exploration of negative impacts.

This systematic literature review sought to identify social norms influencing the perpetration of, and response to, sexual violence and physical intimate partner violence in Somalia. A systematic search of four online databases (Embase, Cinahl Plus, Scopus, and PsychINFO) was undertaken to identify peer-reviewed articles relevant to this study. The search was then expanded to identify other relevant documents published out with academic journals, such as technical or government reports. A total of 19 peer-reviewed journal articles, books, or book chapters were identified, in addition to other relevant papers and reports. A variety of norms were identified, which could be categorized as norms contributing to violence, norms limiting prevention or support, and norms preventing violence or diminishing its consequences. The literature review underlined the importance of considering the intersectionality of social norms and individual, institutional, material, and other social influences on behaviour when seeking to design interventions to address sexual violence and physical intimate partner violence in Somalia.

Dating abuse is widely recognized as a public health issue. A relationship between cyber and in-person dating abuse (CDA and IDA) has been established. A systematic review was carried out with the aim of identifying the studies that analyzed the relationship between CDA and IDA. Filtering by keywords that referred to the sentimental relationship, the context (in-person, online), the aggressive behavior and the participants (adolescents and young adults under 30 years of age) in four databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Studies in English, Portuguese and Spanish were included, and were selecting according to the defined inclusion criteria. A total of 35 studies in English, Portuguese or Spanish met the criteria. A great variability in terms of the methodology adopted by the studies to analyze the relationship between the CDA and the IDA was found, as well as a great diversity in terms of the type of analyses and instruments. Studies showed an overlapping between CDA and IDA as well as strong correlates. However, more longitudinal studies are necessary to concluded about temporal relationships. As implications for preventive policies, it is suggested that interventions in dating abuse should consider both online and offline context.

There is growing use of primary prevention interventions which aim to tackle adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) through raising awareness of the issue, changing attitudes that underpin abusive behaviors, increasing knowledge and skills to promote help-seeking, and to ultimately lower the incidence of ARA victimization and perpetration. To date, several reviews have explored the effectiveness of existing ARA prevention programs. However, the reviews often focus on a single type of intervention, setting, and/or condition, making identifying, summarizing, and appraising the available evidence challenging. Meaning it can be difficult to ascertain what works for whom and under what circumstances. Therefore, this umbrella review provides an up-to-date re-synthesis and re-analysis of reviews of the ARA prevention literature, culminating in a comprehensive summary of the efficacy of program content, design, delivery, and evaluation. A systematic search of seven cross-disciplinary databases yielded 21 reviews and meta-analyses reporting the effectiveness of school-based ARA prevention programs, published prior to June 2023. This review examined review objectives, program characteristics (e.g., sample size and features, implementer details), outcome measures and findings and reported 11 determinants associated with intervention success. The findings revealed critical gaps regarding ‘what works’ for school-based ARA primary prevention intervention, resulting in a set of recommendations for future program optimization.

This document review investigated policies that govern Batterer Intervention Programs (BIPs) across the United States. The document review systematically analyzed current state practice standards (n = 46) across the United States that guide BIPs. Data collection and abstraction took place between June of 2019 and January of 2020. Descriptive statistics were calculated for standard development and revision processes, BIP oversight, and requirements for program structure and curriculum. This review revealed key findings about standard requirements, including: (a) most do not cite research as having informed their development; (b) most have been revised in the past decade; (c) state agencies involved in BIP oversight are typically social or health agencies or a judicial board; (d) most require BIPs to provide intakes, group education, gender-exclusive groups, two facilitators and to cover a variety of topics; (e) most do not require individualized treatment or program evaluation. Additional findings around program structure, intake and assessment, and curriculum and intervention requirements are explored. Collectively, standards not changed much in the last decade and often standards do not reflect the latest research on IPV perpetration. Multidisciplinary teams, including researchers familiar with the IPV literature, should work collaboratively to revise standards based on best practices.