Aggression and Violent Behavior最新文献

The present state of calls for and efforts to implement evidence-based policy provide a powerful foundation for propelling a movement toward bringing about rational, cost-efficient, and humane policies for reducing aggression, crime, and violence. The main aim of this article is to report on new developments in evidence-based policy (EBP)—what we view as giving rise to a new era in crime and violence prevention and social justice. The article describes major advances, both in research and policy, and discusses pressing challenges that confront EBP in crime/violence and justice, drawing on key findings from a new, comprehensive book project. The overall conclusion of the findings is heartening and yet sobering. Research and policy have made substantial progress, but there is much more to be done. The specific details of this work are organized around three questions that are foundational to evidence-based crime/violence and justice policy today: (a) How is research contributing to and guiding EBP? (b) What are productive and new ways to think about EBP? and (c) What are strategies for promoting greater use of EBP?

Provocation and bullying by peers in middle childhood can have negative effects, but these outcomes can vary depending on how the child responds. Understanding the correlates associated with their choice of response can help to explain why children respond in the ways that they do. To date, no reviews have summarised the association between correlates and responses to peer provocation in middle childhood. The present systematic review aims to identify correlates of responses to peer provocation and bullying for primary-school aged children from empirical research since 2000.

A systematic search was conducted using APA PsycInfo, EbscoHost and ProQuest, and 41 studies met the criteria for analysis. We identified six themes which group the correlates of children's responses to peer provocation. Correlates including gender, age, a history of victimisation, internalising behaviours, and social behaviour and environment were frequently and consistently associated with particular responses to peer provocation. For example, more help-seeking and assertive responses were endorsed by children with more positive social behaviours and environment, while these were less endorsed by children with a history of being bullied. Other correlates including ethnicity, family and school factors were identified as rarely studied, and these gaps are recommended for future research.

The majority of studies in the current literature analyse cyberbullying at the secondary education stage. Nevertheless, although it has been shown that cybervictim and cyberbully roles may arise from the Primary School stage onwards, more research is still needed. The consequences of this problem can be manifested in indicators of psycho-social and psycho-emotional adjustment, harming not only the aggressor and the victim, but also the bystander. The aim of this study is to deepen the research and to analyse cyberbullying programmes implemented in primary schools in order to know their results and what are those factors on which the programmes are focused. Thus, a systematic and exhaustive search for empirical studies was carried out, with 17 programmes included in the review. It has been observed that cyberbullying prevention interventions from the first contact with technologies are effective in addressing and reducing cyberbullying-related behaviours. Specifically, emotional competence, self-regulation skills, school climate and online safety are factors that are present in programmes with positive results in prevention of cyberbullying. Furthermore, the need to design and validate specific data collection instruments for Primary Education is highlighted, as well as it is necessary to increase the frequency of implementation and evaluation of interventions, favouring collaboration between families and the educational centre.

The current systematic review aimed to critically examine the growing body of literature proposing that there is an ‘intergenerational cycle’ of violence, whereby victims of abuse during childhood are posited to have a higher propensity of becoming perpetrators during adulthood. Specifically, this review examined whether there is quality evidence supporting the relationship between childhood sexual abuse victimisation and interpersonal violence perpetration (sexual/physical) in adult men. 20 studies published between 1992 and 2022 were included in this review. The quality of studies was systematically assessed to provide a weighted conclusion to the primary research question. Overall, there was limited evidence to confidently support or reject the link between childhood sexual abuse and physical and/or sexual violence in adulthood for men. The current review found that whilst there were studies that found associations on a univariate and multivariate level between childhood sexual abuse and interpersonal violence in adult men, only 25 % of the papers included in this review were deemed high-quality and significant methodological issues limit the validity of conclusions made. Additionally, a sizeable proportion of high-quality studies at both univariate and multivariate levels of analysis suggest mixed results or did not find a significant relationship. Implications for future research studies in this area in terms of the encouragement of a more critical stance towards the assumption of ‘intergenerational cycles’ of violence as well as recommendations for methodological improvements of studies were discussed.

Aggressive and violent behaviours often lead to the use of coercive interventions in health and forensic institutions. Restraint minimization is now a legal or governmental requirement in most jurisdictions. While physical restraint and seclusion are relatively well-understood, chemical restraint remains problematic to define and measure. The aim of this review is to explore the international understandings of chemical restraint and to formulate an operational definition to support the development of quality indicators and care standards. This review was the first step prior to a realist synthesis to clarify the scope of chemical restraint intervention. PRISMA extension for Scoping Review was used. A keyword-based literature review (2006–2020, French and English) was conducted in health and social science databases. Chemical restraint or sedation of behavioural symptoms involves an emergency (STAT), as needed (PRN), regular or continuous medication with sedative properties, administered with the intention of preventing or controlling harmful behaviours or behaviours that interfere with diagnostic or therapeutic interventions, AND/OR administered to avoid physical restraint or seclusion; AND/OR without the person's consent. This first operational definition of chemical restraint could support the development of quality indicators in addition to allowing initiatives to improve health outcomes, safety and promote person-centred care.

Adults with childhood exposure to domestic violence (CEDV) histories are at risk of negative life experiences and circumstances as demonstrated through the robust and evolving adverse childhood experiences literature. This systematic review focuses on the retrospective CEDV experiences, and concurrent health (physical and mental) and academic outcomes of young adults enrolled in higher education institutions. The main research questions addressed in this systematic review included: (RQ1) How was CEDV defined and measured? and (RQ2) What is the impact of CEDV on college students' physical and mental health and academic success? This systematic literature review included a final sample size of 17 scholarly articles. Approximately half of the studies were conducted in the United States at predominantly White institutions. Findings from this systematic review demonstrate that CEDV can negatively impact college students' well-being, especially their mental health, but there is inconsistency in how CEDV is measured across studies. Greater methodological sophistication and clarity in how CEDV is conceptualized and measured, as well as enhanced efforts to recruit samples with greater racial and ethnic diversity is needed. The results of this review demonstrate a need for more research that explores the effect of CEDV on students' physical health and academic achievement. With the appropriate tools and training, university professionals have a unique opportunity to support students with CEDV.

This meta-analysis sought to elucidate the association between experiences of bullying and victimization and life satisfaction among adolescents, an important topic with mixed findings. Three independent meta-analyses were conducted to investigate the associations between traditional victimization and life satisfaction, cyber victimization and life satisfaction, and bullying perpetration and life satisfaction. We further examined whether the above relations of interest varied by cultural background, types of bullying (e.g., traditional bullying and cyberbullying), life satisfaction measures, and key demographic variables (e.g., age and gender). Thirty-nine studies (N = 128,097; age range = 10.81–16.90) were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that (1) traditional victimization was negatively associated with victims' life satisfaction (r = −0.24, p < .001) and the above relation was particularly evident in individualistic cultures and when a multi-item scale was used to measure life satisfaction. (2) Cyber victimization was negatively associated with life satisfaction (r = −0.19, p < .001). (3) Perpetration of traditional bullying and cyberbullying was negatively related to life satisfaction (r = −0.16, p < .001). The findings highlighted that both victims and bullies were at risk of low life satisfaction in the context of traditional bullying and cyberbullying.

There are several theoretical approaches to understanding predictors of intimate partner violence [IPV] perpetrated against women globally. Economic theoretical approaches are increasingly employed to understand why some women are at higher risk of experiencing IPV and/or why some men are more likely to perpetrate IPV. We conducted a systematic review of all theoretical approaches to predictors of IPV, and present in this analysis a descriptive narrative synthesis of economic theories, as well as a description of how economic theories operationalize and measure key concepts in IPV research. The 53 included articles addressed predictors of IPV through resource theory, bargaining theory, exchange theory, empowerment theory, game theory, the theory of male backlash and the theory of status inconsistency. Of the 42 studies that included quantitative empirical data, 24 focused on low- and middle-income countries. Empirical evidence from studies presented a range of findings, with some support for economic theories of predictors of IPV and some data that contradicts these theories. Measurement of key variables to test economic theories varied, and while some central variables – such as income level, employment status and education status – were used across studies, many used differing response variables and/or differing ways to categorize differences between men and women, resulting in limited comparability between studies. Economic theories are often combined with feminist theories, addressing concerns that economic approaches are gender-blind and integrating more nuanced analysis of power within these studies. Key assumptions of economic theories, including opportunity to exit a relationship and concepts of ‘investment’ within a marriage and/or in children, require further interrogation.

Substance use is associated with anger and violence, however the extent of substance use among stalkers has not yet been systematically mapped. The aim of this scoping review was to identify substance use behaviour among stalkers who have been charged or convicted for stalking behaviour. A scoping review was conducted, and nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Substance use among stalkers was inconsistently defined and therefore the percentage of stalkers who used substances ranged from 0 % to 64 %. Substance use was most commonly defined by a psychiatric diagnosis while substance use immediately before or during the stalking offence was reported infrequently. Studies defining substance use more stringently reported lower proportions of substance use among stalkers. Few studies differentiated between alcohol and drug use or considered comorbidity. Overall, this review identified stalkers' substance use as a research gap; few studies met the inclusion criteria, contemporary evidence was sparse, and there was an absence of research underpinned by addiction or non-forensic clinical perspectives. Future research should consider the temporal proximity of stalkers' substance use with their stalking behaviour as this may have greater relevance to intervention than the presence of a diagnostic history.

Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a global public health problem where multiple factors, such as the perceptions and attitudes toward IPVAW, should be considered to properly address this issue. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized the information available about perceived severity of IPVAW by different actors (e.g., victims, perpetrators, students, and professionals), analyzed the relationship between attitudes toward IPVAW and perceived severity of IPVAW, and examined gender differences in perceived severity of IPVAW. A systematic search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines using Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases. Studies were included if they (a) provide information about perceived severity of IPVAW (physical, psychological, or sexual violence); (b) the relationship between perception of severity of IPVAW and attitudes toward IPVAW was analyzed empirically; (c) the languages of publication were English or Spanish; and (d) they were not theoretical studies or reviews. To this end, two independent researchers selected studies, resolving discrepancies with a third researcher. A total of 27 studies were included in systematic review and 12 in the meta-analysis. The results showed that men perceived IPVAW as less severe than women. Likewise, a negative relationship was found between perceived IPVAW severity and favorable attitudes toward IPVAW, such as sexist views, victim blaming, excusing the perpetrator, rape myth acceptance, and traditional gender roles adherence. The Classic Fail-Safe n was calculated to ensure the finding was robust against potential publication bias. These findings highlight some of the potential factors to focus on IPVAW prevention programs. However, the number of studies included were limited, requiring more research to generalize the results.