Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102109
Elizabeth Summerell , Siobhan O'Dean , Iana Wong , Thomas F. Denson
Masculine gender socialization is a well-documented risk factor for men's perpetration of intimate partner violence, which remains a pressing global issue. The aim of the present review is to examine historical shifts in the conceptualization of masculine ideologies and intimate partner violence (largely from a North American perspective), to inform prevention and interventions efforts that are sensitive to current socio-cultural dynamics and likely to promote positive change. We review evidence linking traditional masculine ideologies to intimate partner violence, and suggest that gender role stress, emotion dysregulation, and insecure adult attachment can influence the relationship between masculine ideologies and intimate partner violence. We conclude with a discussion of masculinity-informed interventions and preventative strategies, and outline suggestions for improving future approaches. Interventions that address multiple mechanisms and adopt more intersectional approaches show the most promise in successfully addressing men's intimate partner perpetration.
{"title":"Evolving conceptualizations of masculinity and intimate partner violence: Implications for prevention and intervention","authors":"Elizabeth Summerell , Siobhan O'Dean , Iana Wong , Thomas F. Denson","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Masculine gender socialization is a well-documented risk factor for men's perpetration of intimate partner violence, which remains a pressing global issue. The aim of the present review is to examine historical shifts in the conceptualization of masculine ideologies and intimate partner violence (largely from a North American perspective), to inform prevention and interventions efforts that are sensitive to current socio-cultural dynamics and likely to promote positive change. We review evidence linking traditional masculine ideologies to intimate partner violence, and suggest that gender role stress, emotion dysregulation, and insecure adult attachment can influence the relationship between masculine ideologies and intimate partner violence. We conclude with a discussion of masculinity-informed interventions and preventative strategies, and outline suggestions for improving future approaches. Interventions that address multiple mechanisms and adopt more intersectional approaches show the most promise in successfully addressing men's intimate partner perpetration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102103
Kamilla Bonnesen , Kevin M. Swartout
Gender-based violence (GBV) is a prevalent concern on college campuses, yet limited research delves into victimization within community colleges, emphasizing the need to consider distinct cultural and demographic influences. This systematic review aims to comprehensively analyze literature on GBV within community colleges, focusing on the unique risk factors, victimization experiences, and resource needs of this diverse student populations. Additionally, it examines how findings from other campus types can transfer to community colleges, highlighting the functional differences that may limit direct applicability. Papers published until June 1st, 2023, were included, sourced from Web of Science, Proquest, PsychInfo, PubMed, Medline, and Proquest. Studies, published in English and in peer-reviewed journals, sampled United States community college students and qualitatively or quantitatively measured at least one form of GBV. Adopting a narrative synthesis approach, the review combines the methodological rigor of systematic reviews with thick contextual description to address broader policy and practice implications. This enables a systematic examination of complex social issues through narrative themes central to GBV experiences in community colleges. The findings reveal notable differences in demographic composition, victimization prevalence, and types of victimization between community colleges and traditional universities, underscoring the importance of research tailored to community college contexts. Recommendations include promoting sample diversity, conducting longitudinal and comparative research, and implementing innovative, context-specific prevention and intervention strategies for community colleges. Community college administrators are urged to leverage contextually relevant findings to allocate resources effectively and improve support services for survivors.
基于性别的暴力（GBV）在大学校园中是一个普遍关注的问题，但对社区大学受害者的深入研究有限，强调需要考虑独特的文化和人口影响。本系统综述旨在全面分析社区大学中关于性别暴力的文献，重点关注这一不同学生群体的独特风险因素、受害经历和资源需求。此外，它还研究了其他校园类型的研究结果如何转移到社区大学，强调了可能限制直接适用性的功能差异。截止到2023年6月1日发表的论文被收录在内，来源包括Web of Science、Proquest、PsychInfo、PubMed、Medline和Proquest。发表在英文和同行评议期刊上的研究对美国社区大学学生进行了抽样调查，并对至少一种形式的性别暴力进行了定性或定量测量。该报告采用叙事综合方法，将系统评估的方法严谨性与丰富的背景描述相结合，以解决更广泛的政策和实践影响。这使得通过叙事主题对社区大学中GBV经历的复杂社会问题进行系统检查成为可能。研究结果揭示了社区大学和传统大学在人口构成、受害发生率和受害类型方面的显著差异，强调了针对社区大学背景进行研究的重要性。建议包括促进样本多样性，进行纵向和比较研究，以及为社区大学实施创新的、针对具体情况的预防和干预策略。敦促社区学院的管理人员利用上下文相关的调查结果，有效地分配资源，改善对幸存者的支持服务。
{"title":"A systematic review of gender based violence on community colleges","authors":"Kamilla Bonnesen , Kevin M. Swartout","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gender-based violence (GBV) is a prevalent concern on college campuses, yet limited research delves into victimization within community colleges, emphasizing the need to consider distinct cultural and demographic influences. This systematic review aims to comprehensively analyze literature on GBV within community colleges, focusing on the unique risk factors, victimization experiences, and resource needs of this diverse student populations. Additionally, it examines how findings from other campus types can transfer to community colleges, highlighting the functional differences that may limit direct applicability. Papers published until June 1st, 2023, were included, sourced from Web of Science, Proquest, PsychInfo, PubMed, Medline, and Proquest. Studies, published in English and in peer-reviewed journals, sampled United States community college students and qualitatively or quantitatively measured at least one form of GBV. Adopting a narrative synthesis approach, the review combines the methodological rigor of systematic reviews with thick contextual description to address broader policy and practice implications. This enables a systematic examination of complex social issues through narrative themes central to GBV experiences in community colleges. The findings reveal notable differences in demographic composition, victimization prevalence, and types of victimization between community colleges and traditional universities, underscoring the importance of research tailored to community college contexts. Recommendations include promoting sample diversity, conducting longitudinal and comparative research, and implementing innovative, context-specific prevention and intervention strategies for community colleges. Community college administrators are urged to leverage contextually relevant findings to allocate resources effectively and improve support services for survivors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145435102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102106
Sheila R. van Berkel , Pauline G.M. Aarten , Lenneke R.A. Alink , Marieke C.A. Liem
To prevent filicide (child homicide by parents) it is essential to distinguish high-risk families from low-risk families. This study aimed to identify risk factors for filicide by computing risk ratios of characteristics of victims and perpetrators of filicide compared with (1) general population families and (2) non-fatal child abuse cases. Data from three national registers were combined: the Dutch Homicide Monitor, the Dutch police reporting system and microdata from Statistics Netherlands. Compared to the general population, young children (0–3 years old), boys, and children in a single-parent family faced an increased risk on becoming a filicide victim. For perpetrators, several risk factors were distinguished such as: being 18–25 years old, mental health problems, financial hardship, single parenthood and recent violent victimization. Compared to non-fatal child abuse, filicide risk was higher among victims under 4 years old and perpetrators aged 18–25 who were experiencing financial hardship. Young children and those with young parents who experience high levels of stress and have limited recourses may be at increased risk of filicide. With a few exceptions, risk factors present in victims and perpetrators of filicide and non-fatal child abuse appeared to be quite similar.
{"title":"Estimating risk on filicide: A comparison of risk factors between fatal and non-fatal parental violence against children","authors":"Sheila R. van Berkel , Pauline G.M. Aarten , Lenneke R.A. Alink , Marieke C.A. Liem","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To prevent filicide (child homicide by parents) it is essential to distinguish high-risk families from low-risk families. This study aimed to identify risk factors for filicide by computing risk ratios of characteristics of victims and perpetrators of filicide compared with (1) general population families and (2) non-fatal child abuse cases. Data from three national registers were combined: the Dutch Homicide Monitor, the Dutch police reporting system and microdata from Statistics Netherlands. Compared to the general population, young children (0–3 years old), boys, and children in a single-parent family faced an increased risk on becoming a filicide victim. For perpetrators, several risk factors were distinguished such as: being 18–25 years old, mental health problems, financial hardship, single parenthood and recent violent victimization. Compared to non-fatal child abuse, filicide risk was higher among victims under 4 years old and perpetrators aged 18–25 who were experiencing financial hardship. Young children and those with young parents who experience high levels of stress and have limited recourses may be at increased risk of filicide. With a few exceptions, risk factors present in victims and perpetrators of filicide and non-fatal child abuse appeared to be quite similar.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145485628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102107
Hannah D. Nussmann , Marie-Theresa Kaufmann , Ayline Heller , Stefanie Hahm , Laura Altweck , Elmar Brähler , Adrian Gallistl , Bernhard Strauß
Understanding the impact of political repression and changing political systems on individual health is crucial in a globalized and rapidly changing world. Political repression can take different forms depending on the instigators' motives: subversive “soft” or “quiet” forms of repression are less visible and directly target psychological well-being, while “hard” or “loud” repression uses violence and incarceration to impact physical health and freedom. While the long-term-consequences of hard forms of repression such as torture are well researched, the impact of soft forms of repression is often neglected. In a probability-based sample of 1800 citizens born before 1980 and socialized in the German Democratic Republic self-reported depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms were investigated in different groups. Results revealed elevated scores for people who experienced any form of repression before 1980, while somatic symptoms were elevated for those who experienced incarceration. In addition, reporting repression in one's social surroundings without direct victimization predicted anxiety and depression scores. These values were largely independent of appraisal of reunification.
{"title":"Long-term effects of soft and hard repression in the German Democratic Republic on depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms three decades after the peaceful transition in Germany","authors":"Hannah D. Nussmann , Marie-Theresa Kaufmann , Ayline Heller , Stefanie Hahm , Laura Altweck , Elmar Brähler , Adrian Gallistl , Bernhard Strauß","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the impact of political repression and changing political systems on individual health is crucial in a globalized and rapidly changing world. Political repression can take different forms depending on the instigators' motives: subversive “soft” or “quiet” forms of repression are less visible and directly target psychological well-being, while “hard” or “loud” repression uses violence and incarceration to impact physical health and freedom. While the long-term-consequences of hard forms of repression such as torture are well researched, the impact of soft forms of repression is often neglected. In a probability-based sample of 1800 citizens born before 1980 and socialized in the German Democratic Republic self-reported depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms were investigated in different groups. Results revealed elevated scores for people who experienced any form of repression before 1980, while somatic symptoms were elevated for those who experienced incarceration. In addition, reporting repression in one's social surroundings without direct victimization predicted anxiety and depression scores. These values were largely independent of appraisal of reunification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102107"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145492006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is an important social and health problem worldwide. It has severe consequences on women who suffer it, however there are gaps in knowledge regarding consequences of physical violence. Specifically in the context of IPVAW, there is a need of research on associations among physical violence, brain and neuropsychological alterations. This scoping review reports findings regarding the association among physical damages caused by IPVAW, brain alterations and neuropsychological functioning. Studies were identified by searching in five electronic databases. Ten studies were included after applying selection criteria. The scoping review revealed that women survivors of IPVAW who experienced episodes of nonfatal strangulation and traumatic brain injury showed alterations in brain cortical volume, functional connectivity and neuropsychological functioning. Results of this scoping review contribute to our understanding of the relationship between the major types of physical violence suffered by women survivors of IPVAW, and the relationship of these forms of physical violence with other kinds of brain and neuropsychological alterations. It is imperative to inform women survivors of IPVAW of the need to go to emergency services after such violent episodes, due to the possibility of having suffered traumatic brain injury and other brain damage, as well as the need for early rehabilitation. Future research should focus on assessing these forms of impairment more thoroughly, taking into account other possible factors that can lead to structural and functional brain damage and alter neuropsychological functionality in women survivors of IPVAW.
{"title":"Women survivors of intimate partner violence: A scoping review of the relationship between traumatic brain injury and non-fatal strangulation, brain alterations and neuropsychological functioning","authors":"Cristina Villasclaras-García , Natalia Hidalgo-Ruzzante , Inmaculada Teva Álvarez , Miguel Pérez-García","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is an important social and health problem worldwide. It has severe consequences on women who suffer it, however there are gaps in knowledge regarding consequences of physical violence. Specifically in the context of IPVAW, there is a need of research on associations among physical violence, brain and neuropsychological alterations. This scoping review reports findings regarding the association among physical damages caused by IPVAW, brain alterations and neuropsychological functioning. Studies were identified by searching in five electronic databases. Ten studies were included after applying selection criteria. The scoping review revealed that women survivors of IPVAW who experienced episodes of nonfatal strangulation and traumatic brain injury showed alterations in brain cortical volume, functional connectivity and neuropsychological functioning. Results of this scoping review contribute to our understanding of the relationship between the major types of physical violence suffered by women survivors of IPVAW, and the relationship of these forms of physical violence with other kinds of brain and neuropsychological alterations. It is imperative to inform women survivors of IPVAW of the need to go to emergency services after such violent episodes, due to the possibility of having suffered traumatic brain injury and other brain damage, as well as the need for early rehabilitation. Future research should focus on assessing these forms of impairment more thoroughly, taking into account other possible factors that can lead to structural and functional brain damage and alter neuropsychological functionality in women survivors of IPVAW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145472953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102094
Grace Stewart (née Nock) , Louise Dixon , Nichola Tyler
Online child sexual exploitation and abuse (OCSEA) is a precipitously evolving public health issue that has steadily increased in prevalence and modes of offending as technology has advanced and become more available. A necessary step in achieving effective clinical, correctional, and investigative practice is to explain why people may engage in this behaviour, necessitating the creation of theoretical frameworks. Although numerous theoretical explanations have been proposed to account for OCSEA, they have typically developed from contact sexual offending or general crime theories. Considering the differences that exist between people who engage in online offending compared to those who engage in contact offending and general crime, this approach is questioned. This review critically evaluates the ability of existing Level I, II and III theories to adequately explain OCSEA using established theory appraisal criteria. Each theory is categorised based on its theoretical construction and reviewed for its strengths and weaknesses. Thirteen theories were identified and were found to show mixed utility for explaining OCSEA when evaluated against theory appraisal criteria. Common challenges across the theories are discussed. It is concluded that current theoretical explanations for OCSEA are incomplete and further research is needed to develop bespoke explanations of OCSEA to inform intervention and prevention strategies.
{"title":"A critical review of theoretical explanations for online child sexual offending: Towards a deeper approach to theory generation","authors":"Grace Stewart (née Nock) , Louise Dixon , Nichola Tyler","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Online child sexual exploitation and abuse (OCSEA) is a precipitously evolving public health issue that has steadily increased in prevalence and modes of offending as technology has advanced and become more available. A necessary step in achieving effective clinical, correctional, and investigative practice is to explain why people may engage in this behaviour, necessitating the creation of theoretical frameworks. Although numerous theoretical explanations have been proposed to account for OCSEA, they have typically developed from contact sexual offending or general crime theories. Considering the differences that exist between people who engage in online offending compared to those who engage in contact offending and general crime, this approach is questioned. This review critically evaluates the ability of existing Level I, II and III theories to adequately explain OCSEA using established theory appraisal criteria. Each theory is categorised based on its theoretical construction and reviewed for its strengths and weaknesses. Thirteen theories were identified and were found to show mixed utility for explaining OCSEA when evaluated against theory appraisal criteria. Common challenges across the theories are discussed. It is concluded that current theoretical explanations for OCSEA are incomplete and further research is needed to develop bespoke explanations of OCSEA to inform intervention and prevention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102094"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102098
Jonas Knäble , Lisanne Breiling , Anne Brodführer , Friederike Sadowski , Lutz Heil , Martin Rettenberger
Right-wing extremism poses a significant threat to democratic societies and values in western countries. Although the research of violent extremism has vastly grown in recent years, right-wing extremism remains a niche topic compared to Islamism and violent extremism in general. In this scoping review, we summarize 1206 risk and protective factors reported in 130 empirical and theoretical articles about violent right-wing extremism and violent extremism in general. Risk and protective factors were clustered and reported narratively within a theoretical framework. The results yield an extensive overview of different risk and protective factors applicable for violent right-wing extremism. The findings illustrate that violent right-wing extremism cannot be explained by a singular factor, but rather factors at the individual, social, and macro level have to be taken into account. The inclusion and comparison of risk factors identified in articles focusing on violent right-wing extremism and articles focusing on violent extremism in general indicate that the majority of the reviewed risk factors are not specific for violent right-wing extremism, although empirical comparisons were scarce. However, the already existing comparison studies indicate promising results to identify specific risk factors and differences between violent right-wing extremists and other kinds of violent extremisms.
{"title":"A scoping review of risk and protective factors for right-wing extremist violence","authors":"Jonas Knäble , Lisanne Breiling , Anne Brodführer , Friederike Sadowski , Lutz Heil , Martin Rettenberger","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Right-wing extremism poses a significant threat to democratic societies and values in western countries. Although the research of violent extremism has vastly grown in recent years, right-wing extremism remains a niche topic compared to Islamism and violent extremism in general. In this scoping review, we summarize 1206 risk and protective factors reported in 130 empirical and theoretical articles about violent right-wing extremism and violent extremism in general. Risk and protective factors were clustered and reported narratively within a theoretical framework. The results yield an extensive overview of different risk and protective factors applicable for violent right-wing extremism. The findings illustrate that violent right-wing extremism cannot be explained by a singular factor, but rather factors at the individual, social, and macro level have to be taken into account. The inclusion and comparison of risk factors identified in articles focusing on violent right-wing extremism and articles focusing on violent extremism in general indicate that the majority of the reviewed risk factors are not specific for violent right-wing extremism, although empirical comparisons were scarce. However, the already existing comparison studies indicate promising results to identify specific risk factors and differences between violent right-wing extremists and other kinds of violent extremisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102098"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102099
Sarah E. Ullman
The present study's purpose was to address the lack of research on correlates of ethnically diverse sexual assault (SA) survivors' formal support-seeking post-assault. Types of support sources told about SA, trauma histories, and PTSD severity were examined in African American and Latina women survivors and analyzed in relationship to formal help-seeking after SA from various professionals (e.g., rape crisis, mental health, medical, police, clergy) in the Chicago metropolitan area. Survivors of SA (N = 1863) participated in a mail survey, including 766 African American and 239 Latinas (85 % response rate). Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were used to examine race/ethnic differences in trauma and support types and correlates of formal help-seeking, respectively. African American survivors reported more exposure to contextual traumas (e.g., witnessing violence, stranger crime) than Latina survivors. In contrast, Latina survivors experienced greater interpersonal traumas (e.g., family violence) than African American survivors. Latina survivors were more likely to tell family/partners than African American survivors, whereas African American survivors more often told formal support sources than Latina survivors. Histories of contextual and interpersonal trauma exposure, informal social support sources (e.g., friends, family, intimate partners), and PTSD were examined in relationship to formal help-seeking. A greater number of interpersonal traumas, PTSD severity, and telling more people were related to greater formal help-seeking for both groups. Finally, implications for future research related to formal help-seeking in African American and Latina survivors are discussed.
{"title":"Relationships between trauma exposure, PTSD, and formal help-seeking in African American and Latina women sexual assault survivors","authors":"Sarah E. Ullman","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study's purpose was to address the lack of research on correlates of ethnically diverse sexual assault (SA) survivors' formal support-seeking post-assault. Types of support sources told about SA, trauma histories, and PTSD severity were examined in African American and Latina women survivors and analyzed in relationship to formal help-seeking after SA from various professionals (e.g., rape crisis, mental health, medical, police, clergy) in the Chicago metropolitan area. Survivors of SA (N = 1863) participated in a mail survey, including 766 African American and 239 Latinas (85 % response rate). Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were used to examine race/ethnic differences in trauma and support types and correlates of formal help-seeking, respectively. African American survivors reported more exposure to contextual traumas (e.g., witnessing violence, stranger crime) than Latina survivors. In contrast, Latina survivors experienced greater interpersonal traumas (e.g., family violence) than African American survivors. Latina survivors were more likely to tell family/partners than African American survivors, whereas African American survivors more often told formal support sources than Latina survivors. Histories of contextual and interpersonal trauma exposure, informal social support sources (e.g., friends, family, intimate partners), and PTSD were examined in relationship to formal help-seeking. A greater number of interpersonal traumas, PTSD severity, and telling more people were related to greater formal help-seeking for both groups. Finally, implications for future research related to formal help-seeking in African American and Latina survivors are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102099"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102095
Anthony A. Volk
Bullying is a pernicious problem in the modern world, leading researchers to ask whether this is a new behavior or whether bullying has more ancient roots. An evolutionary perspective on bullying suggests that it is a behavior that extends well beyond modernity. Adopting that perspective, I chose to examine evidence for adolescent peer bullying in Western cultures during Antiquity (i.e., Ancient Greece and Rome), the Medieval Period, and the Renaissance. Given the scarcity of evidence for the daily lives of adolescents, I focused on two sources of information. First, I analyzed broad cultural factors that may have related to bullying. Second, I examined anecdotal evidence for adolescent bullying. The cultural data reveal that at one level, bullying was a structural feature of historical life in Western Europe and thus was very likely to be present among adolescents. At the anecdotal level, most of the evidence for historical bullying focuses on hazing rituals associated with education. Thus, direct evidence for historical bullying is scant. This may be because peer bullying was rare in history or it may be because peer bullying was not something worth recording. I lean towards the latter interpretation and argue that historically, bullying was at least as common in the past as it is today, with the severity of bullying often exceeding what is seen in modern cultures. These data fit with an evolutionary perspective of bullying and argue for the importance of considering historical research when creating and testing modernized theories of bullying and bullying interventions.
{"title":"A history of youth bullying in Western civilization","authors":"Anthony A. Volk","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bullying is a pernicious problem in the modern world, leading researchers to ask whether this is a new behavior or whether bullying has more ancient roots. An evolutionary perspective on bullying suggests that it is a behavior that extends well beyond modernity. Adopting that perspective, I chose to examine evidence for adolescent peer bullying in Western cultures during Antiquity (i.e., Ancient Greece and Rome), the Medieval Period, and the Renaissance. Given the scarcity of evidence for the daily lives of adolescents, I focused on two sources of information. First, I analyzed broad cultural factors that may have related to bullying. Second, I examined anecdotal evidence for adolescent bullying. The cultural data reveal that at one level, bullying was a structural feature of historical life in Western Europe and thus was very likely to be present among adolescents. At the anecdotal level, most of the evidence for historical bullying focuses on hazing rituals associated with education. Thus, direct evidence for historical bullying is scant. This may be because peer bullying was rare in history or it may be because peer bullying was not something worth recording. I lean towards the latter interpretation and argue that historically, bullying was at least as common in the past as it is today, with the severity of bullying often exceeding what is seen in modern cultures. These data fit with an evolutionary perspective of bullying and argue for the importance of considering historical research when creating and testing modernized theories of bullying and bullying interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102095"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dopaminergic neurons innervate brain regions that play a crucial role in aggressive behavior as they are involved in reinforcement learning, decision-making, and behavioral control. Genetic studies suggest that polymorphisms in dopaminergic genes may contribute to individual differences in aggression, but results from these studies are often inconsistent due to limited sample sizes and lack of replication.
To our knowledge, this systematic review and meta-analysis represents the first endeavor to comprehensively collect, interpret, and compare genetic studies linking dopaminergic alleles to aggression.
Our critical revision of candidate-gene studies revealed that the most robust association with aggressive behavior concerned the 7-repeat allele of DRD4 48 bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in White individuals exposed to prenatal stress or childhood maltreatment. The meta-analysis confirmed the robustness of this association, indicating a small but significant effect, and supporting the hypothesis that carriers of the 7-repeat allele are more susceptible to developing aggressive behaviors when exposed to early negative environmental conditions.
This finding was not replicated by genome-wide association studies (GWASs), as they did not examine VNTRs. However, GWASs revealed glutamatergic variants functionally connected to dopaminergic receptors as associated with aggressive behavior. These findings are consistent with the dopaminergic and glutamatergic impairment hypothesis of aggressive behavior, but larger-scale genome-wide studies covering both common and rare genetic variants and contemplating gene-environment interactions are required to deeply understand the complex and multifactorial nature of aggression.
{"title":"A systematic review and a meta-analysis of genetic studies linking dopaminergic alleles to aggression: Where are we now?","authors":"Sara Palumbo , Giulia Grassi , Veronica Mariotti , Silvia Pellegrini","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dopaminergic neurons innervate brain regions that play a crucial role in aggressive behavior as they are involved in reinforcement learning, decision-making, and behavioral control. Genetic studies suggest that polymorphisms in dopaminergic genes may contribute to individual differences in aggression, but results from these studies are often inconsistent due to limited sample sizes and lack of replication.</div><div>To our knowledge, this systematic review and meta-analysis represent<del>s</del> the first endeavor to comprehensively collect, interpret, and compare genetic studies linking dopaminergic alleles to aggression.</div><div>Our critical revision of candidate-gene studies revealed that the most robust association with aggressive behavior concerned the 7-repeat allele of <em>DRD4</em> 48 bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in White individuals exposed to prenatal stress or childhood maltreatment. The meta-analysis confirmed the robustness of this association, indicating a small but significant effect, and supporting the hypothesis that carriers of the 7-repeat allele are more susceptible to developing aggressive behaviors when exposed to early negative environmental conditions.</div><div>This finding was not replicated by genome-wide association studies (GWASs), as they did not examine VNTRs. However, GWASs revealed glutamatergic variants functionally connected to dopaminergic receptors as associated with aggressive behavior. These findings are consistent with the dopaminergic and glutamatergic impairment hypothesis of aggressive behavior, but larger-scale genome-wide studies covering both common and rare genetic variants and contemplating gene-environment interactions are required to deeply understand the complex and multifactorial nature of aggression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102096"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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