Aggression and Violent Behavior最新文献

Previous research has established that positive sibling relationships can be protective against peer bullying and general family conflicts, as well as improving self-esteem and development, but significantly less attention has been given to the situation when these relationships are not positive, specifically with bullying between siblings. Despite being viewed as a ‘normal’ part of growing up, the consequences of sibling bullying can be as harmful as that of peer bullying, if not more, and it is necessary to understand and address the problem. The current scoping review assesses the existing research on sibling bullying, with attention to what is currently known and what is yet to be understood. Four databases were searched, and 45 papers were identified and synthesised. Much of the literature was conducted in Western countries, with a focus on self-reported protective and risk factors. Moreover, much of the research has identified surface-level characteristics of sibling bullying, with limited explanation for why these issues arise. This scoping review highlights and discusses these findings and provides recommendations for further research.

Sexual violence is recognized as one of the most serious forms of violence. Assessment of individuals with history of sexual offenses is essential to inform placement decisions (e.g., inpatient or outpatient treatment, foster or residential placement), guide legal dispositions, prevent their offenses, and provide the basis for treatment planning. Insights into the neurobiological characteristics in subtypes of sexual offenses are particularly important both to the advancement of its understanding and guide research clinical efforts. The goal of this systematic review is to synthesize the findings regarding the neurobiological characteristics of individuals who have committed sexual offenses, focusing on the identification of the factors that should be targeted in the assessment of these individuals. Studies related to the topic were obtained from multiple databases, through rigorous exclusion and inclusion criteria. Only empirical studies with quantitative methodologies were included. Aims, methodological aspects (sample and instruments), and main conclusions were extracted from each study. In general, this systematic review found psychophysiological, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological studies, which used neurobiological techniques to evaluate individuals who have committed sexual offenses. A substantial part of the studies examined the neuroimaging profile of individuals who have committed sexual offenses against children with or without pedophilic interests, suggesting anatomical changes and functional deficits. Overall, there is enough evidence to support the link between specific neurobiological characteristics and sexual offenses, with this link being mainly revealed by neuroimaging and endocrinology studies. The knowledge about neurobiological characteristics implicated in sexual offending can help developing more accurate and valid protocols for the evaluation of individuals involved in such offenses, thereby improving diagnosis and treatment.

A recent meta-analysis showed that poor sleep is both associated with and can directly cause increased aggression. However, no assessment was made of whether objective indicators of sleep and subjective perceptions of sleep contributed equally or differentially to these effects. To test this question, the present meta-analysis directly tests the role of measurement (objective vs subjective) in understanding the relationship between sleep and aggression. By integrating 94 effect sizes using multi-level meta-analysis, the results revealed that aggression is significantly associated with both subjective and objective sleep estimates. Importantly, measurement type emerged as a significant moderator of this relationship, with subjective sleep more strongly associated with aggression than objective sleep. This finding is discussed in relation to the broader implications for how behavioral, or sleep, interventions and research are conducted.

Part of the research for the prevention of violence against women (VAW) has focused on bystander behavior due to the fact that many people in the woman's environment, while not directly related to the violence, can be witness to it.

The present study applies a scoping review methodology to analyze the available scientific knowledge on helping behaviors, the factors that facilitate or inhibit them, and the proposals for intervention with bystanders in cases of VAW in Spain.

Thirty-eight articles were selected from the database search, including peer-reviewed publications and grey literature. The eligibility criteria included papers related to bystanders defined as non-professionals, and studies published in Spain between 2005 and 2020, written in Spanish, Catalan or English.

Most of the research uses quantitative methodology. While there are many observed factors that facilitate or inhibit the bystander behavior, few interventions are carried out to achieve a helping behavior by the bystanders.

More thorough research is needed in all forms of VAW, especially because most of the information is about intimate partner violence (IPVAW). It is imperative to carry out studies that provide the necessary information to be able to intervene in all forms of VAW.

Gender-based Violence Exposure (GVE) is not usually a punctual event in a child's life. However, research into the differential adjustment related to the frequency of GVE is still inconclusive, especially regarding older children and adolescents, hindering the empirical integration and synthesis of this topic. The aim of this meta-analysis was to quantitatively synthesize the documented relationship between the frequency of exposure to GBV and adolescents' adjustment. We analyzed whether the relationships differed by sex, age, study design, violence conceptualization, and measurements. A comprehensive search of online databases was conducted into peer-reviewed studies published between January 2000 and September 2020. The searches yielded an initial total of 4850 studies, after screening 35 independent samples, 16,291 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Data were pooled using multilevel meta-analytic models. Overall, our findings provide evidence of the existence of a dose-response relationship between exposure to GVE and adolescents' adjustment. This relationship was especially significant for aggressive behavior, antisocial behavior, and dating violence. These results highlight the need for early intervention programmes to avoid the consolidation and chronicity of adolescent emotional and behavioral problems, and the need for further research on the variables associated with the adolescent's adjustment.

Social schemas act as relatively enduring guidelines that impact individuals' interpretation and the planning of action toward a social phenomenon. Understanding the state of evidence on social schemas about human trafficking involving girls and women is critical to the development of anti-trafficking responses. This systematic review aimed to a) examine the characteristics of studies (e.g., aim, design, methodology) addressing social schemas about human trafficking involving girls and women victims, and b) map the social schemas regarding different types of human trafficking. An electronic search for peer-reviewed articles was conducted in 12 databases, resulting in 46 manuscripts meeting the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies rely on a qualitative design, were focused on human trafficking for sexual exploitation, and assessed social perceptions and knowledge. Overall, differences were found in social schemas between different social groups, namely victims, professionals, community members, and media, namely on beliefs, attributions, awareness, and knowledge. Media social schemas were mostly focused on human trafficking for sexual exploitation. Studies exploring community members' schemas suggested relevant associations of peoples' awareness, beliefs, and perceptions of self-efficacy with their knowledge about human trafficking, attributions of responsibility, and attitudes toward victims, as well as their willingness to engage in anti-trafficking actions. Victims and youth at-risk of human trafficking showed awareness about the risk factors and recruitment strategies but showed a lack of knowledge regarding local resources to help them in case of need. Finally, professionals presented the most incongruent schemas, suggesting that their knowledge depends on the type of organization they belong to and their personal attitudes and perceptions about human trafficking involving girls and women. The literature suggests the influence of these schemas on people's willingness to engage in anti-trafficking actions. Implications for practice and research are discussed.

Protective factors considered in this systematic review are characteristics of a child, family, or relationships within the family that decrease the probability of child maltreatment or abuse and can moderate or diminish negative outcomes associated with risk factors. The aim of this study is to critically appraise, compare, and summarize the methodological quality and psychometric properties of published research articles validating protective factor instruments related to children and adolescent characteristics and family strengths. A systematic search in ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed using the Consensus based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) risk of bias checklist. The constructs measured were diverse, with some patterns in validation of instrument where studies mainly focus on examining structural validity and internal consistency while other properties were less frequently examined. Results suggest that the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA) and the Protective Factors Survey (PFS) have the strongest psychometric evidence, followed by the Child and Adolescent Social Adaptive Functioning Scale (CASAFS), the Children's Emotional Adjustment Scale (CEAS), and the Parental Alliance Inventory (PAI). This study provides relevant information on the available psychometric properties of some protective factor instruments validated from 2010 to 2021, which may be useful for researchers in selecting appropriate instruments and identifying gaps in knowledge.

Effectively addressing adolescent dating violence rests on the quality of its measurement, as that has substantial implications for our understanding of prevalence, correlates, outcomes. Although dating violence is highly prevalent among sexual minority youth, the state of measurement in this population has scarcely been explored. This scoping review presents information on the measurement of adolescent dating violence in exiting studies conducted with sexual minority youth. Three databases were searched, and the ancestry approach was used to identify relevant literature published in the United States between 1992 and 2022 that included sexual minority adolescents aged 19 years or younger.

Twenty-one articles were identified. Five enrolled entirely sexual minority samples. Sexual minority distribution ranged from 2.1 % to 100 %. All studies operationalized sexual identity as an orientation (not sexual behavior, attraction). Nineteen studies focused on measuring dating violence behavior. Twelve reported on female and male victimization, 4 on female and male perpetration and victimization, 2 on female perpetration and victimization, and 2 on female victimization-only. Most commonly used items were from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (11 studies) and the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (3 studies). Two studies assessed knowledge of and attitudes toward dating violence. Domains explored included rape myth acceptance, victim empathy, bystander opportunity, and dating abuse knowledge. Only two scales had undergone previous systematic psychometric evaluation. There was no evidence of cross-cultural validation in sexual minority populations. Rigorous research on adolescent dating violence measurement among sexual minority youth is greatly needed and should be given priority among researchers.

Literature has shown a critical link between the experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) and suicidal behavior (i.e., suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts). Both epidemics are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide; yet there remains a dearth in scientific understanding of how interventions can synergistically address IPV and suicidal behavior. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of intervention studies across the globe that reported suicidal behavior outcomes among people with a history of IPV. Articles were included if they reported quantitative findings related to suicidal behavior. We did not limit studies by age, location, study design, sexual orientation, or gender. Our search yielded 2924 abstracts for screening, resulting in six relevant articles from a total of five study interventions. Studies were conducted in the United States, Spain, South Africa, and Iran. Study populations primarily included cisgender women, however, one study additionally included cisgender men, and another included transgender women. Four were individual level interventions; the remaining study also targeted structural level factors. There were mixed findings on intervention effects on suicidal behaviors, although all studies indicated some statistically significant findings. Despite evidence linking IPV and suicidal behavior, we found very few intervention studies that address or measure suicidal behavior among populations with a history of IPV. Findings suggest the need for more robust designs, consistent use of measures, and work across more diverse populations and regions. Additionally, findings suggest an urgent need for more attention to suicidal behavior as part of mental health and risk focused interventions for survivors of IPV.

Youth with conduct problems typically follow distinct developmental trajectories differentiated by varying risk factors and psychosocial outcomes. There is increasing evidence that neighborhood-level factors influence the onset and maintenance of conduct problem trajectories. Further, Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) are overrepresented in severe conduct problem pathways. However, little is known about the interaction between racial/ethnic identity and neighborhood context in differentiating developmental trajectories of conduct problems. The current study systematically reviewed 18 articles characterizing conduct problem trajectories by racial/ethnic identity and/or neighborhood context. Results revealed that BIPOC youth more likely belonged to an early-onset persistent conduct problem trajectory compared to White peers. The risk of severe conduct problem trajectories increased for youth living in structurally disadvantaged neighborhoods with exposure to community violence and deviant peers, and for youth who experienced racial discrimination. Some neighborhood social processes, including collective efficacy and neighborhood satisfaction, emerged as protective factors, particularly in structurally disadvantaged neighborhoods. The overall methodological quality of the included studies was poor; therefore, caution is warranted when interpreting the findings. Limitations notwithstanding, the findings guide recommendations for assessments and interventions that leverage ecological assets and positive racial identity development for BIPOC youth at risk of conduct problems.