Solitary confinement, including but not limited to disciplinary confinement (DC), is practiced in a variety of correctional settings and continues to be a debated manner to address inmate violence. There is increasing evidence highlighting the detrimental effects of solitary confinement on both psychological and behavioral outcomes, including misconduct and recidivism. Particularly, DC, referring to the temporary placement of an inmate in a segregated housing unit as punishment following a rule violation, has shown mitigated results. We therefore sought to conduct a meta-analysis to disentangle the association between DC and behavioral outcomes (institutional misconduct and recidivism). PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched. Studies on adult inmates in correctional settings were included if they met an operational definition of DC, measured misconduct or recidivism, and included a comparison group from the general inmate population. Random-effect models were used to assess the impacts of DC on misconduct and recidivism. Of the identified records, 11 met our inclusion criteria (n = 244,088 inmates). Our results show a small association between DC and criminal recidivism (OR = 1.53; 95 % CI = 1.46; 1.62). Although there were no significant associations for institutional misconduct in general, there was a significant association for those having a mental illness to engage in misconduct following DC than those without (OR = 1.54; 95 % CI = 1.18; 2.01). Taken together, current data show that placement into DC appears to lead to negative outcomes, thereby limiting the effectiveness of DC as a correctional measure.
单独监禁，包括但不限于纪律监禁（DC），在各种惩教机构中都有实施，并且仍然是解决囚犯暴力问题的一种有争议的方式。越来越多的证据表明，单独监禁对心理和行为结果，包括不当行为和累犯都有不利影响。因此，我们试图进行一项荟萃分析，以解开DC与行为结果（机构不当行为和再犯）之间的关系。检索PubMed、PsycINFO、Web of Science和b谷歌Scholar数据库。研究对象是在教养场所的成年囚犯，如果他们符合DC的操作定义，测量不当行为或累犯，并包括一个来自普通囚犯群体的对照组。随机效应模型用于评估DC对不当行为和累犯的影响。在确定的记录中，有11个符合我们的纳入标准（n = 244,088名囚犯）。我们的研究结果显示，DC与犯罪累犯之间存在很小的关联（OR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.46; 1.62）。虽然总体上没有与机构不当行为有显著关联，但患有精神疾病的人比没有精神疾病的人在DC后从事不当行为有显著关联（OR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.18; 2.01）。综上所述，目前的数据表明，安置在DC似乎会导致负面结果，从而限制了DC作为一种矫正措施的有效性。
{"title":"Does disciplinary confinement fulfill its objectives? A meta-analysis on the effects of disciplinary confinement on misconduct and recidivism","authors":"Laura Dellazizzo , Sabrina Giguère , Charles-Édouard Giguère , Alexandre Dumais","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solitary confinement, including but not limited to disciplinary confinement (DC), is practiced in a variety of correctional settings and continues to be a debated manner to address inmate violence. There is increasing evidence highlighting the detrimental effects of solitary confinement on both psychological and behavioral outcomes, including misconduct and recidivism. Particularly, DC, referring to the temporary placement of an inmate in a segregated housing unit as punishment following a rule violation, has shown mitigated results. We therefore sought to conduct a meta-analysis to disentangle the association between DC and behavioral outcomes (institutional misconduct and recidivism). PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched. Studies on adult inmates in correctional settings were included if they met an operational definition of DC, measured misconduct or recidivism, and included a comparison group from the general inmate population. Random-effect models were used to assess the impacts of DC on misconduct and recidivism. Of the identified records, 11 met our inclusion criteria (<em>n</em> = 244,088 inmates). Our results show a small association between DC and criminal recidivism (OR = 1.53; 95 % CI = 1.46; 1.62). Although there were no significant associations for institutional misconduct in general, there was a significant association for those having a mental illness to engage in misconduct following DC than those without (OR = 1.54; 95 % CI = 1.18; 2.01). Taken together, current data show that placement into DC appears to lead to negative outcomes, thereby limiting the effectiveness of DC as a correctional measure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102097"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102093
Reyes Rodríguez , Miguel A. Maldonado , Manuel Moyano
The emergence and spread of the incel (involuntary celibate) subculture, a community characterized by narratives of exclusion and victimization, often underpinned by a violent and misogynistic ideology, has inspired hostile actions and attracted growing scholarly attention. This scoping review aims to synthesise the empirical evidence on incels and identify research gaps. We systematically searched peer-reviewed publications in English and Spanish (2017–September 2023) across three databases, following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The search yielded 402 results; after applying exclusion criteria, 82 articles were included. Most were published in 2022, predominantly using qualitative designs. Main data sources included posts, threads and comments from social networks and forums, alongside open and primary sources. Key research areas focused on language, narratives, ideology, psychosocial aspects, violent behaviors, radicalization, exit processes, and instrument development. Findings highlight that incel communities foster an ecosystem in which misogyny and exclusion are amplified through digital platforms, often reinforcing group identities and, in some cases, justifying violence. Central themes include members' psychological vulnerabilities, the role of online echo chambers in radicalization, and the emergence of blackpill ideology as a framework for grievances. Notable research gaps concern limited comparison between violent and non-violent incels, underrepresentation of non-English contexts, and the lack of longitudinal studies. These findings underscore the importance of multidisciplinary strategies to address the social exclusion and radicalization dynamics associated with the incel phenomenon.
{"title":"Deciphering the incels: A scoping review on empirical research","authors":"Reyes Rodríguez , Miguel A. Maldonado , Manuel Moyano","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence and spread of the incel (involuntary celibate) subculture, a community characterized by narratives of exclusion and victimization, often underpinned by a violent and misogynistic ideology, has inspired hostile actions and attracted growing scholarly attention. This scoping review aims to synthesise the empirical evidence on incels and identify research gaps. We systematically searched peer-reviewed publications in English and Spanish (2017–September 2023) across three databases, following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The search yielded 402 results; after applying exclusion criteria, 82 articles were included. Most were published in 2022, predominantly using qualitative designs. Main data sources included posts, threads and comments from social networks and forums, alongside open and primary sources. Key research areas focused on language, narratives, ideology, psychosocial aspects, violent behaviors, radicalization, exit processes, and instrument development. Findings highlight that incel communities foster an ecosystem in which misogyny and exclusion are amplified through digital platforms, often reinforcing group identities and, in some cases, justifying violence. Central themes include members' psychological vulnerabilities, the role of online echo chambers in radicalization, and the emergence of blackpill ideology as a framework for grievances. Notable research gaps concern limited comparison between violent and non-violent incels, underrepresentation of non-English contexts, and the lack of longitudinal studies. These findings underscore the importance of multidisciplinary strategies to address the social exclusion and radicalization dynamics associated with the incel phenomenon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102093"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102092
Chiara Imperato, Tiziana Mancini
Online discrimination is an increasingly prevalent issue with significant implications for individuals' health and well-being. However, there is a notable lack of comprehensive reviews and meta-analyses addressing this topic. The present work investigated the association between online discrimination and individuals' mental health and well-being, focusing on both those who experience online discrimination directly and those who witness it. We conducted three meta-analyses including a total of 47 studies comprising 40,535 participants, exploring both perceived and mediated forms of online discrimination. The results revealed that directly experiencing online discrimination was significantly associated with poorer mental health (Z = −0.37, p < .001) and reduced well-being (Z = −0.11, p < .001). Notably, witnessing online discrimination was significantly related to poorer mental health outcomes (Z = −0.26, p < .001). Moderation and meta-regression analyses highlighted stronger associations with mental health when discrimination targeted members of minoritized racial groups, such as Asian and Black individuals, and in studies conducted in the United States. Furthermore, witnessing online discrimination on social media platforms compared to the Internet in general was associated with stronger associations with mental health outcomes. These results underscore the importance of addressing online discrimination, whether directly experienced or observed, through research, clinical interventions, and educational initiatives, as it can be a pervasive stressor that is associated with poorer mental health and well-being among individuals.
网络歧视是一个日益普遍的问题，对个人健康和福祉产生重大影响。然而，针对这一主题的综合综述和荟萃分析明显缺乏。本研究调查了网络歧视与个人心理健康和幸福感之间的关系，重点关注那些直接经历网络歧视的人和那些目睹网络歧视的人。我们进行了三项荟萃分析，包括总共47项研究，包括40,535名参与者，探讨了感知和介导的网络歧视形式。结果显示，直接经历网络歧视与较差的心理健康（Z = - 0.37, p < .001）和较低的幸福感（Z = - 0.11, p < .001）显著相关。值得注意的是，目睹网络歧视与较差的心理健康结果显著相关（Z = - 0.26, p < .001）。适度和元回归分析强调，当歧视针对少数种族群体成员，如亚洲人和黑人，以及在美国进行的研究中，与心理健康的联系更强。此外，与一般的互联网相比，在社交媒体平台上目睹在线歧视与心理健康结果的关联更强。这些结果强调了通过研究、临床干预和教育举措解决在线歧视的重要性，无论是直接经历的还是观察到的，因为它可能是一种普遍存在的压力源，与个人较差的心理健康和福祉有关。
{"title":"Beyond bytes: A meta-analytical examination of the association between online discrimination and mental health and well-being","authors":"Chiara Imperato, Tiziana Mancini","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Online discrimination is an increasingly prevalent issue with significant implications for individuals' health and well-being. However, there is a notable lack of comprehensive reviews and meta-analyses addressing this topic. The present work investigated the association between online discrimination and individuals' mental health and well-being, focusing on both those who experience online discrimination directly and those who witness it. We conducted three meta-analyses including a total of 47 studies comprising 40,535 participants, exploring both perceived and mediated forms of online discrimination. The results revealed that directly experiencing online discrimination was significantly associated with poorer mental health (<em>Z</em> = −0.37, <em>p</em> < .001) and reduced well-being (<em>Z</em> = −0.11, <em>p</em> < .001). Notably, witnessing online discrimination was significantly related to poorer mental health outcomes (<em>Z</em> = −0.26, <em>p</em> < .001). Moderation and meta-regression analyses highlighted stronger associations with mental health when discrimination targeted members of minoritized racial groups, such as Asian and Black individuals, and in studies conducted in the United States. Furthermore, witnessing online discrimination on social media platforms compared to the Internet in general was associated with stronger associations with mental health outcomes. These results underscore the importance of addressing online discrimination, whether directly experienced or observed, through research, clinical interventions, and educational initiatives, as it can be a pervasive stressor that is associated with poorer mental health and well-being among individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102092"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102091
Zehra Sahin-Ilkorkor
This study compares victims of bias-based and non-bias-based bullying in terms of their respective proportions across years and their perceived negative effects of bullying on self-esteem, social relationships, schoolwork, and physical health. The ordered logit model was conducted using a national sample of adolescents aged 12 to 18 in the United States to test the differential effects associated with experiencing bias-based bullying and the buffering role of social support, as suggested by the Minority Stress Theory. From 2015 to 2022, the proportion of students who experienced only non-bias-based bullying remained relatively steady before declining in 2022, whereas the proportion of students who reported being bullied and experienced at least some bias-based bullying showed a gradual upward trend over the same period. Bullying victims who report negative effects are more likely to have low and moderate than high levels of bullying effects. For each level of bullying effects (low, moderate, and high), victims of bias-based bullying have a higher probability of having effects than victims of non-bias-based bullying. Female students are more vulnerable than male students to having high levels of perceived bullying effects on self-esteem, social relationships, schoolwork, and physical health. Social support ameliorates the negative effects of bullying victimization and an increase in social support benefits the victims of bias-based bullying more than the victims of non-bias-based bullying.
{"title":"Comparison of students experiencing bias-based and non-bias-based bullying: Proportions of bullying victims, perceived bullying effects, and the buffering role of social support","authors":"Zehra Sahin-Ilkorkor","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study compares victims of bias-based and non-bias-based bullying in terms of their respective proportions across years and their perceived negative effects of bullying on self-esteem, social relationships, schoolwork, and physical health. The ordered logit model was conducted using a national sample of adolescents aged 12 to 18 in the United States to test the differential effects associated with experiencing bias-based bullying and the buffering role of social support, as suggested by the Minority Stress Theory. From 2015 to 2022, the proportion of students who experienced only non-bias-based bullying remained relatively steady before declining in 2022, whereas the proportion of students who reported being bullied and experienced at least some bias-based bullying showed a gradual upward trend over the same period. Bullying victims who report negative effects are more likely to have low and moderate than high levels of bullying effects. For each level of bullying effects (low, moderate, and high), victims of bias-based bullying have a higher probability of having effects than victims of non-bias-based bullying. Female students are more vulnerable than male students to having high levels of perceived bullying effects on self-esteem, social relationships, schoolwork, and physical health. Social support ameliorates the negative effects of bullying victimization and an increase in social support benefits the victims of bias-based bullying more than the victims of non-bias-based bullying.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102091"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102090
Henry Obamuyide , Ntombifuthi Blose , Tamara Kredo , Richard Matzopoulos
This review was aimed at synthesising individual level evidence on the association between early life lead exposure and aggressive or violent behaviours in young adults.
We conducted comprehensive searches in 17 electronic databases between September 19th and October 30th, 2019 and updated this September 1st, 2024 using PubMed and Scopus databases. Two reviewers independently screened all records and full texts, extracted data from included studies, and assessed risk of bias using the Newcastle Ottawa tool. Results were pooled by random effects meta-analysis. Relevant subgroup and sensitivity analyses were carried out.
Six out of 2874 studies were found eligible. All were conducted in high income countries. The definition of violence varied across studies. Blood lead level was associated with an increased risk of arrest or conviction for violent crime with a pooled OR of 1.17 for each 5 μg/dl rise (95 % CI: 1.10–1.23). There was insufficient data to conduct a dose response meta-analysis.
Despite some heterogeneity, studies consistently reported an association between lead exposure in childhood and violent behaviour in young adulthood. Better reported studies, particularly from lower resourced settings, are needed to confirm these results. Environmental lead control may help to reduce aggressive and violent behaviour in young adults.
{"title":"Early life lead exposure as a risk factor for aggressive and violent behaviour in young adults: A systematic review","authors":"Henry Obamuyide , Ntombifuthi Blose , Tamara Kredo , Richard Matzopoulos","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review was aimed at synthesising individual level evidence on the association between early life lead exposure and aggressive or violent behaviours in young adults.</div><div>We conducted comprehensive searches in 17 electronic databases between September 19th and October 30th, 2019 and updated this September 1st, 2024 using PubMed and Scopus databases. Two reviewers independently screened all records and full texts, extracted data from included studies, and assessed risk of bias using the Newcastle Ottawa tool. Results were pooled by random effects meta-analysis. Relevant subgroup and sensitivity analyses were carried out.</div><div>Six out of 2874 studies were found eligible. All were conducted in high income countries. The definition of violence varied across studies. Blood lead level was associated with an increased risk of arrest or conviction for violent crime with a pooled OR of 1.17 for each 5 μg/dl rise (95 % CI: 1.10–1.23). There was insufficient data to conduct a dose response meta-analysis.</div><div>Despite some heterogeneity, studies consistently reported an association between lead exposure in childhood and violent behaviour in young adulthood. Better reported studies, particularly from lower resourced settings, are needed to confirm these results. Environmental lead control may help to reduce aggressive and violent behaviour in young adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102090"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102081
M. Furkan Kurnaz , Nilüfer Koçtürk
Cyberbullying can be considered one malady of our time. This meta-analysis investigates examines the effectiveness of intervention programs in reducing cyberbullying victimization (CV) and cyberbullying perpetration (CP) among adolescents. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Global (PQDT), Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The search yielded 30 studies (kCV = 30; kCP = 31) for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Results indicated that the programs significantly reduced both CV (g = −0.331, p < .001) and CP (g = −0.454, p < .001) among adolescents. Moderator analyses revealed that gender composition and study design significantly moderated the effectiveness of interventions for both CV and CP. Specifically, programs involving samples with more than 50 % girls and those utilizing quasi-experimental designs showed greater effectiveness. In addition, active control groups and longer intervention durations significantly enhanced program outcomes for CP, although these factors did not significantly influence CV outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of participant characteristics, methodological rigor, and dosage in optimizing intervention success. Implications for researchers, educators, and mental health professionals developing cyberbullying intervention programs for adolescents are discussed.
网络欺凌可以被认为是我们这个时代的一种弊病。本荟萃分析调查了干预方案在减少青少年网络欺凌受害（CV）和网络欺凌犯罪（CP）方面的有效性。使用ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Global （PQDT）、Scopus、PubMed、Web of Science和谷歌Scholar进行了全面的文献检索。检索得到30项研究（kCV = 30; kCP = 31）纳入meta分析。结果表明，该项目显著降低了青少年的CV （g = - 0.331, p < .001）和CP （g = - 0.454, p < .001）。调节分析显示，性别构成和研究设计显著调节了干预措施对CV和CP的有效性。具体而言，涉及超过50%的女孩样本和使用准实验设计的项目显示出更大的有效性。此外，积极的对照组和较长的干预时间显著提高了CP的项目结果，尽管这些因素对CV结果没有显著影响。这些发现强调了参与者特征、方法严谨性和剂量在优化干预成功中的重要性。对研究人员、教育工作者和心理健康专业人员开发青少年网络欺凌干预方案的影响进行了讨论。
{"title":"Addressing cyberbullying in adolescents: A comprehensive meta-analytic evaluation of intervention programs","authors":"M. Furkan Kurnaz , Nilüfer Koçtürk","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyberbullying can be considered one malady of our time. This meta-analysis investigates examines the effectiveness of intervention programs in reducing cyberbullying victimization (CV) and cyberbullying perpetration (CP) among adolescents. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Global (PQDT), Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The search yielded 30 studies (<em>k</em><sub><em>CV</em></sub> = 30; <em>k</em><sub><em>CP</em></sub> = 31) for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Results indicated that the programs significantly reduced both CV (<em>g</em> = −0.331, <em>p</em> < .001) and CP (<em>g</em> = −0.454, <em>p</em> < .001) among adolescents. Moderator analyses revealed that gender composition and study design significantly moderated the effectiveness of interventions for both CV and CP. Specifically, programs involving samples with more than 50 % girls and those utilizing quasi-experimental designs showed greater effectiveness. In addition, active control groups and longer intervention durations significantly enhanced program outcomes for CP, although these factors did not significantly influence CV outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of participant characteristics, methodological rigor, and dosage in optimizing intervention success. Implications for researchers, educators, and mental health professionals developing cyberbullying intervention programs for adolescents are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 102081"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102082
Amy L. Byrd , Isabella Kahhale , Colin E. Vize , Rebecca Griffith , Essi Viding , Stephanie D. Stepp
Aggression in youth is a transdiagnostic indicator that permeates nearly all psychiatric disorders and is one of the most common reasons for mental health referrals. Contingency learning theories provide a framework for conceptualizing factors that elicit (antecedents) and maintain aggressive (consequences) behavior. For decades, theoretical and etiological models of aggression have emphasized individual differences in neurobiological reactivity during contingency learning as predictors of aggression in youth. However, our ability to predict precisely when aggression will occur and why aggression persists over time remains limited, ultimately hindering our capacity to tailor and personalize interventions to maximize effectiveness. The current review summarizes research examining individual differences in neurobiological reactivity during stimulus-response (antecedents) and response-outcome (consequences) contingencies as predictors of aggression in youth. It then offers concrete recommendations for expansions of this work with an eye toward optimizing the prediction of aggression via the identification of proximal individual- and dyad-level antecedents and consequences. These include conceptual considerations such as examining aggression as a transdiagnostic construct, considering alternative internal and external antecedents and consequences of aggression, and explicating aggression within the dyadic context. Additionally, recommendations for methodological advancements are presented, including enhancing ecological validity of study designs, incorporating ambulatory assessments, and utilizing advanced analytic approaches that allow us to empirically test and identify proximal antecedents and consequences of aggression. Finally, we discuss how these advancements have the potential to increase the precision of intervention efforts to reduce aggression by creating a framework for systematically mapping within-individual and within-dyad processes that elicit and maintain aggressive behavior over time.
{"title":"Expanding contingency learning models of aggression in youth: Conceptual and methodological considerations to enhance clinical utility","authors":"Amy L. Byrd , Isabella Kahhale , Colin E. Vize , Rebecca Griffith , Essi Viding , Stephanie D. Stepp","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aggression in youth is a transdiagnostic indicator that permeates nearly all psychiatric disorders and is one of the most common reasons for mental health referrals. Contingency learning theories provide a framework for conceptualizing factors that elicit (<em>antecedents</em>) and maintain aggressive (<em>consequences</em>) behavior. For decades, theoretical and etiological models of aggression have emphasized individual differences in neurobiological reactivity during contingency learning as predictors of aggression in youth. However, our ability to predict precisely <em>when</em> aggression will occur and <em>why</em> aggression persists over time remains limited, ultimately hindering our capacity to tailor and personalize interventions to maximize effectiveness. The current review summarizes research examining individual differences in neurobiological reactivity during stimulus-response (<em>antecedents</em>) and response-outcome (<em>consequences</em>) contingencies as predictors of aggression in youth. It then offers concrete recommendations for expansions of this work with an eye toward optimizing the prediction of aggression via the identification of proximal individual- and dyad-level antecedents and consequences. These include conceptual considerations such as examining aggression as a transdiagnostic construct, considering alternative internal and external antecedents and consequences of aggression, and explicating aggression within the dyadic context. Additionally, recommendations for methodological advancements are presented, including enhancing ecological validity of study designs, incorporating ambulatory assessments, and utilizing advanced analytic approaches that allow us to empirically test and identify proximal antecedents and consequences of aggression. Finally, we discuss how these advancements have the potential to increase the precision of intervention efforts to reduce aggression by creating a framework for systematically mapping within-individual and within-dyad processes that elicit and maintain aggressive behavior over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 102082"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145009149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102080
Serra Baskurt , Kelly M. Babchishin , Gabriella Hilkes , Michael C. Seto
A critical challenge for managing individuals with Child Sexual Exploitation Material (CSEM) offenses is addressing their risk of sexual recidivism, especially contact sexual offending. We report on a meta-analysis of 30 non-overlapping samples (total N = 25,978), with 26 samples identifying CSEM index offenses and subsequent recidivism using official sources (e.g., charges) and four samples identifying CSEM offenses and subsequent recidivism using self-report. Individuals with CSEM offenses based on official sources showed a fixed-effect recidivism rate of 5.9 % any sexual (95 % CI = [5.6, 6.3], k [studies] = 21, N = 19,112), 1.5 % contact sexual (95 % CI = [1.4, 1.7], k = 20, N = 18,543), and 4.1 % CSEM (95 % CI = [3.8, 4.4], k = 21, N = 13,522), after an average of 5-year follow-up. Based on official sources, the odds of contact sexual offenses among Mixed individuals (CSEM plus contact sexual offending) were 16 times higher than CSEM-Exclusive individuals (exclusively CSEM offenses in their sexual offending history) at 8.8 % versus 0.6 % (OR = 15.99), respectively. There were several other significant moderators: National sources of official recidivism data produced higher rates than local sources ( = 58.1, p < .0001, df = 1); official recidivism had lower rates than self-reported recidivism ( = 232.2, p < .0001, df = 1); longer follow-ups were associated with higher rates (unstandardized B = 0.01, Z = 75.8, p < .001); and more recent studies showed higher rates, unstandardized (B = 0.002, Z = 68.0, p < .001). This meta-analysis establishes new recidivism base rates for individuals with CSEM offenses, which can be used to inform risk-driven policies and practices.
管理儿童性剥削材料（CSEM）犯罪的个人面临的一个关键挑战是解决他们的性再犯风险，特别是接触性侵犯。我们对30个非重叠样本（总N = 25,978）进行了荟萃分析，其中26个样本通过官方来源（如指控）确定了CSEM指数犯罪和随后的累犯，4个样本通过自我报告确定了CSEM犯罪和随后的累犯。在平均5年的随访后，官方资料显示，有性侵犯行为的个体的固定效应再犯率为5.9% (95% CI = [5.6, 6.3]， k[研究]= 21,N = 19,112), 1.5% (95% CI = [1.4, 1.7], k = 20, N = 18,543), 4.1% （95% CI = [3.8, 4.4], k = 21, N = 13,522）。根据官方资料，混合个体（性侵和接触性侵）发生接触性侵犯的几率比单一个体（性侵历史中只发生性侵）高16倍，分别为8.8%和0.6% （OR = 15.99）。还有其他几个重要的调节因素：国家官方累犯数据来源产生的比率高于地方来源（Q∆= 58.1,p < 0.0001, df = 1）；官方累犯率低于自我报告累犯率（Q∆= 232.2,p < .0001, df = 1）；随访时间越长，发病率越高（未标准化B = 0.01, Z = 75.8, p < .001）；最近的研究显示，未标准化的比率更高（B = 0.002, Z = 68.0, p < 0.001）。本荟萃分析建立了CSEM犯罪个体的新累犯基准率，可用于为风险驱动的政策和实践提供信息。
{"title":"A meta-analysis of recidivism rates among individuals who commit child sexual exploitation material (CSEM) offending","authors":"Serra Baskurt , Kelly M. Babchishin , Gabriella Hilkes , Michael C. Seto","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A critical challenge for managing individuals with Child Sexual Exploitation Material (CSEM) offenses is addressing their risk of sexual recidivism, especially contact sexual offending. We report on a meta-analysis of 30 non-overlapping samples (total <em>N</em> = 25,978), with 26 samples identifying CSEM index offenses and subsequent recidivism using official sources (e.g., charges) and four samples identifying CSEM offenses and subsequent recidivism using self-report. Individuals with CSEM offenses based on official sources showed a fixed-effect recidivism rate of 5.9 % any sexual (95 % CI = [5.6, 6.3], <em>k</em> [studies] = 21, <em>N</em> = 19,112), 1.5 % contact sexual (95 % CI = [1.4, 1.7], <em>k</em> = 20, <em>N</em> = 18,543), and 4.1 % CSEM (95 % CI = [3.8, 4.4], <em>k</em> = 21, <em>N</em> = 13,522), after an average of 5-year follow-up. Based on official sources, the odds of contact sexual offenses among Mixed individuals (CSEM plus contact sexual offending) were 16 times higher than CSEM-Exclusive individuals (exclusively CSEM offenses in their sexual offending history) at 8.8 % versus 0.6 % (OR = 15.99), respectively. There were several other significant moderators: National sources of official recidivism data produced higher rates than local sources (<span><math><msub><mi>Q</mi><mo>∆</mo></msub></math></span> = 58.1, <em>p</em> < .0001, <em>df</em> = 1); official recidivism had lower rates than self-reported recidivism (<span><math><msub><mi>Q</mi><mo>∆</mo></msub></math></span> = 232.2, <em>p</em> < .0001, <em>df</em> = 1); longer follow-ups were associated with higher rates (unstandardized <em>B</em> = 0.01, <em>Z</em> = 75.8, <em>p</em> < .001); and more recent studies showed higher rates, unstandardized (<em>B</em> = 0.002, <em>Z</em> = 68.0, <em>p</em> < .001). This meta-analysis establishes new recidivism base rates for individuals with CSEM offenses, which can be used to inform risk-driven policies and practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102080"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102079
Lei Cheng , Jingyu Zhang , Jiancai Liao , Fan Peng , Xijing Wang
Dehumanization refers to perceiving people as less than fully human and is theoretically argued to contribute to aggression. Till now, a large body of empirical studies have been conducted to test this link directly or indirectly. The current research is to conduct a systematic meta-analysis to obtain a precise estimation of this relationship. More importantly, we aim to examine whether this relationship is further subject to moderators capturing two prominent theories, including the form (i.e., blatant versus subtle, the blatant dehumanization theory) and the type (i.e., animalistic versus mechanical, the dual model) of dehumanization. Based on a total of 184 effect sizes (32 published and non-published papers). The meta-analysis found a moderate overall effect for the association between dehumanization and aggression (r = 0.34, 95 % CI = [0.28, 0.41]). In addition, the association was larger for blatant, compared to subtle (r = 0.39, 95 % CI = [0.30, 0.49] versus r = 0.31, 95 % CI = [0.23, 0.39]) dehumanization, and more robust for dehumanization in both types (animalistic & mechanic, r = 0.38, 95 % CI = [0.24, 0.52]), compared to a single type (animalistic, r = 0.26, 95 % CI = [0.14, 0.37] or mechanic, r = 0.27, 95 % CI = [0.15, 0.40]). Implications have been discussed.
去人性化指的是认为人们不是完全的人，理论上认为这有助于侵略。到目前为止，已经有大量的实证研究直接或间接地检验了这种联系。目前的研究是进行系统的荟萃分析，以获得对这种关系的精确估计。更重要的是，我们的目标是研究这种关系是否进一步受到两种主要理论的影响，包括非人性化的形式（即公然与微妙，公然的非人性化理论）和类型（即动物主义与机械主义，双重模型）。基于184个效应量（32篇已发表和未发表的论文）。荟萃分析发现，去人性化与攻击之间存在中等总体效应（r = 0.34, 95% CI =[0.28, 0.41]）。此外，与微妙的非人性化相比，公然的非人性化更大（r = 0.39, 95% CI = [0.30, 0.49], r = 0.31, 95% CI =[0.23, 0.39]），并且两种类型的非人性化(动物性和amp；机械师,r = 0.38, 95% CI =[0.24, 0.52]),相比单一类型(肉欲的,r = 0.26, 95% CI =[0.14, 0.37]或技师,r = 0.27, 95% CI =[0.15, 0.40])。已经讨论了影响。
{"title":"Dehumanization and aggression: A meta-analysis","authors":"Lei Cheng , Jingyu Zhang , Jiancai Liao , Fan Peng , Xijing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dehumanization refers to perceiving people as less than fully human and is theoretically argued to contribute to aggression. Till now, a large body of empirical studies have been conducted to test this link directly or indirectly. The current research is to conduct a systematic meta-analysis to obtain a precise estimation of this relationship. More importantly, we aim to examine whether this relationship is further subject to moderators capturing two prominent theories, including the form (i.e., blatant versus subtle, the blatant dehumanization theory) and the type (i.e., animalistic versus mechanical, the dual model) of dehumanization. Based on a total of 184 effect sizes (32 published and non-published papers). The meta-analysis found a moderate overall effect for the association between dehumanization and aggression (<em>r</em> = 0.34, 95 % CI = [0.28, 0.41]). In addition, the association was larger for blatant, compared to subtle (<em>r</em> = 0.39, 95 % CI = [0.30, 0.49] versus <em>r</em> = 0.31, 95 % CI = [0.23, 0.39]) dehumanization, and more robust for dehumanization in both types (animalistic & mechanic, <em>r</em> = 0.38, 95 % CI = [0.24, 0.52]), compared to a single type (animalistic, <em>r</em> = 0.26, 95 % CI = [0.14, 0.37] or mechanic, <em>r</em> = 0.27, 95 % CI = [0.15, 0.40]). Implications have been discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 102079"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-31DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102078
Robyn Mooney , Helen J. Wall , Joyce Humphries , Derek Heim
In order to inform effective treatment interventions and subsequently contribute to decreases in recidivism rates, a better understanding of the key antecedents of offending behaviour is needed. Person-centred approaches that account for individual differences in offending behaviour, including personality traits, hold promise for such tailored treatment interventions. This systematic review therefore critically appraises the extant literature regarding the relationships between Five-Factor Model and Dark Triad personality traits and adult offending behaviour. Following PRISMA screening, 58 papers (two dissertations; 56 journal articles) were identified for inclusion. With the exception of psychopathy, the extent and direction of associations between personality traits and offending behaviour varied considerably. Studies were characterised by a broad range of methodologies, sample types and sizes, geographical locations, traits measured, and operationalisations of offending behaviour; these inconsistencies may have contributed to the discrepant findings. Recommendations are made for future studies, including the use of control variables; effect sizes; objective records of offending behaviour; and personality trait profiles, encompassing adaptive and maladaptive traits. The review concludes with a call for a more methodologically robust research agenda to further our understanding of the relationships between personality traits and offending behaviour towards the development of effective person-centred interventions.
{"title":"Association(s) between five-factor model and dark triad traits and offending behaviour in adults: A systematic review","authors":"Robyn Mooney , Helen J. Wall , Joyce Humphries , Derek Heim","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to inform effective treatment interventions and subsequently contribute to decreases in recidivism rates, a better understanding of the key antecedents of offending behaviour is needed. Person-centred approaches that account for individual differences in offending behaviour, including personality traits, hold promise for such tailored treatment interventions. This systematic review therefore critically appraises the extant literature regarding the relationships between Five-Factor Model and Dark Triad personality traits and adult offending behaviour. Following PRISMA screening, 58 papers (two dissertations; 56 journal articles) were identified for inclusion. With the exception of psychopathy, the extent and direction of associations between personality traits and offending behaviour varied considerably. Studies were characterised by a broad range of methodologies, sample types and sizes, geographical locations, traits measured, and operationalisations of offending behaviour; these inconsistencies may have contributed to the discrepant findings. Recommendations are made for future studies, including the use of control variables; effect sizes; objective records of offending behaviour; and personality trait profiles, encompassing adaptive and maladaptive traits. The review concludes with a call for a more methodologically robust research agenda to further our understanding of the relationships between personality traits and offending behaviour towards the development of effective person-centred interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 102078"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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