Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102080
Serra Baskurt , Kelly M. Babchishin , Gabriella Hilkes , Michael C. Seto
A critical challenge for managing individuals with Child Sexual Exploitation Material (CSEM) offenses is addressing their risk of sexual recidivism, especially contact sexual offending. We report on a meta-analysis of 30 non-overlapping samples (total N = 25,978), with 26 samples identifying CSEM index offenses and subsequent recidivism using official sources (e.g., charges) and four samples identifying CSEM offenses and subsequent recidivism using self-report. Individuals with CSEM offenses based on official sources showed a fixed-effect recidivism rate of 5.9 % any sexual (95 % CI = [5.6, 6.3], k [studies] = 21, N = 19,112), 1.5 % contact sexual (95 % CI = [1.4, 1.7], k = 20, N = 18,543), and 4.1 % CSEM (95 % CI = [3.8, 4.4], k = 21, N = 13,522), after an average of 5-year follow-up. Based on official sources, the odds of contact sexual offenses among Mixed individuals (CSEM plus contact sexual offending) were 16 times higher than CSEM-Exclusive individuals (exclusively CSEM offenses in their sexual offending history) at 8.8 % versus 0.6 % (OR = 15.99), respectively. There were several other significant moderators: National sources of official recidivism data produced higher rates than local sources ( = 58.1, p < .0001, df = 1); official recidivism had lower rates than self-reported recidivism ( = 232.2, p < .0001, df = 1); longer follow-ups were associated with higher rates (unstandardized B = 0.01, Z = 75.8, p < .001); and more recent studies showed higher rates, unstandardized (B = 0.002, Z = 68.0, p < .001). This meta-analysis establishes new recidivism base rates for individuals with CSEM offenses, which can be used to inform risk-driven policies and practices.
管理儿童性剥削材料（CSEM）犯罪的个人面临的一个关键挑战是解决他们的性再犯风险，特别是接触性侵犯。我们对30个非重叠样本（总N = 25,978）进行了荟萃分析，其中26个样本通过官方来源（如指控）确定了CSEM指数犯罪和随后的累犯，4个样本通过自我报告确定了CSEM犯罪和随后的累犯。在平均5年的随访后，官方资料显示，有性侵犯行为的个体的固定效应再犯率为5.9% (95% CI = [5.6, 6.3]， k[研究]= 21,N = 19,112), 1.5% (95% CI = [1.4, 1.7], k = 20, N = 18,543), 4.1% （95% CI = [3.8, 4.4], k = 21, N = 13,522）。根据官方资料，混合个体（性侵和接触性侵）发生接触性侵犯的几率比单一个体（性侵历史中只发生性侵）高16倍，分别为8.8%和0.6% （OR = 15.99）。还有其他几个重要的调节因素：国家官方累犯数据来源产生的比率高于地方来源（Q∆= 58.1,p < 0.0001, df = 1）；官方累犯率低于自我报告累犯率（Q∆= 232.2,p < .0001, df = 1）；随访时间越长，发病率越高（未标准化B = 0.01, Z = 75.8, p < .001）；最近的研究显示，未标准化的比率更高（B = 0.002, Z = 68.0, p < 0.001）。本荟萃分析建立了CSEM犯罪个体的新累犯基准率，可用于为风险驱动的政策和实践提供信息。
{"title":"A meta-analysis of recidivism rates among individuals who commit child sexual exploitation material (CSEM) offending","authors":"Serra Baskurt , Kelly M. Babchishin , Gabriella Hilkes , Michael C. Seto","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A critical challenge for managing individuals with Child Sexual Exploitation Material (CSEM) offenses is addressing their risk of sexual recidivism, especially contact sexual offending. We report on a meta-analysis of 30 non-overlapping samples (total <em>N</em> = 25,978), with 26 samples identifying CSEM index offenses and subsequent recidivism using official sources (e.g., charges) and four samples identifying CSEM offenses and subsequent recidivism using self-report. Individuals with CSEM offenses based on official sources showed a fixed-effect recidivism rate of 5.9 % any sexual (95 % CI = [5.6, 6.3], <em>k</em> [studies] = 21, <em>N</em> = 19,112), 1.5 % contact sexual (95 % CI = [1.4, 1.7], <em>k</em> = 20, <em>N</em> = 18,543), and 4.1 % CSEM (95 % CI = [3.8, 4.4], <em>k</em> = 21, <em>N</em> = 13,522), after an average of 5-year follow-up. Based on official sources, the odds of contact sexual offenses among Mixed individuals (CSEM plus contact sexual offending) were 16 times higher than CSEM-Exclusive individuals (exclusively CSEM offenses in their sexual offending history) at 8.8 % versus 0.6 % (OR = 15.99), respectively. There were several other significant moderators: National sources of official recidivism data produced higher rates than local sources (<span><math><msub><mi>Q</mi><mo>∆</mo></msub></math></span> = 58.1, <em>p</em> < .0001, <em>df</em> = 1); official recidivism had lower rates than self-reported recidivism (<span><math><msub><mi>Q</mi><mo>∆</mo></msub></math></span> = 232.2, <em>p</em> < .0001, <em>df</em> = 1); longer follow-ups were associated with higher rates (unstandardized <em>B</em> = 0.01, <em>Z</em> = 75.8, <em>p</em> < .001); and more recent studies showed higher rates, unstandardized (<em>B</em> = 0.002, <em>Z</em> = 68.0, <em>p</em> < .001). This meta-analysis establishes new recidivism base rates for individuals with CSEM offenses, which can be used to inform risk-driven policies and practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102080"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102106
Sheila R. van Berkel , Pauline G.M. Aarten , Lenneke R.A. Alink , Marieke C.A. Liem
To prevent filicide (child homicide by parents) it is essential to distinguish high-risk families from low-risk families. This study aimed to identify risk factors for filicide by computing risk ratios of characteristics of victims and perpetrators of filicide compared with (1) general population families and (2) non-fatal child abuse cases. Data from three national registers were combined: the Dutch Homicide Monitor, the Dutch police reporting system and microdata from Statistics Netherlands. Compared to the general population, young children (0–3 years old), boys, and children in a single-parent family faced an increased risk on becoming a filicide victim. For perpetrators, several risk factors were distinguished such as: being 18–25 years old, mental health problems, financial hardship, single parenthood and recent violent victimization. Compared to non-fatal child abuse, filicide risk was higher among victims under 4 years old and perpetrators aged 18–25 who were experiencing financial hardship. Young children and those with young parents who experience high levels of stress and have limited recourses may be at increased risk of filicide. With a few exceptions, risk factors present in victims and perpetrators of filicide and non-fatal child abuse appeared to be quite similar.
{"title":"Estimating risk on filicide: A comparison of risk factors between fatal and non-fatal parental violence against children","authors":"Sheila R. van Berkel , Pauline G.M. Aarten , Lenneke R.A. Alink , Marieke C.A. Liem","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To prevent filicide (child homicide by parents) it is essential to distinguish high-risk families from low-risk families. This study aimed to identify risk factors for filicide by computing risk ratios of characteristics of victims and perpetrators of filicide compared with (1) general population families and (2) non-fatal child abuse cases. Data from three national registers were combined: the Dutch Homicide Monitor, the Dutch police reporting system and microdata from Statistics Netherlands. Compared to the general population, young children (0–3 years old), boys, and children in a single-parent family faced an increased risk on becoming a filicide victim. For perpetrators, several risk factors were distinguished such as: being 18–25 years old, mental health problems, financial hardship, single parenthood and recent violent victimization. Compared to non-fatal child abuse, filicide risk was higher among victims under 4 years old and perpetrators aged 18–25 who were experiencing financial hardship. Young children and those with young parents who experience high levels of stress and have limited recourses may be at increased risk of filicide. With a few exceptions, risk factors present in victims and perpetrators of filicide and non-fatal child abuse appeared to be quite similar.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145485628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102092
Chiara Imperato, Tiziana Mancini
Online discrimination is an increasingly prevalent issue with significant implications for individuals' health and well-being. However, there is a notable lack of comprehensive reviews and meta-analyses addressing this topic. The present work investigated the association between online discrimination and individuals' mental health and well-being, focusing on both those who experience online discrimination directly and those who witness it. We conducted three meta-analyses including a total of 47 studies comprising 40,535 participants, exploring both perceived and mediated forms of online discrimination. The results revealed that directly experiencing online discrimination was significantly associated with poorer mental health (Z = −0.37, p < .001) and reduced well-being (Z = −0.11, p < .001). Notably, witnessing online discrimination was significantly related to poorer mental health outcomes (Z = −0.26, p < .001). Moderation and meta-regression analyses highlighted stronger associations with mental health when discrimination targeted members of minoritized racial groups, such as Asian and Black individuals, and in studies conducted in the United States. Furthermore, witnessing online discrimination on social media platforms compared to the Internet in general was associated with stronger associations with mental health outcomes. These results underscore the importance of addressing online discrimination, whether directly experienced or observed, through research, clinical interventions, and educational initiatives, as it can be a pervasive stressor that is associated with poorer mental health and well-being among individuals.
网络歧视是一个日益普遍的问题，对个人健康和福祉产生重大影响。然而，针对这一主题的综合综述和荟萃分析明显缺乏。本研究调查了网络歧视与个人心理健康和幸福感之间的关系，重点关注那些直接经历网络歧视的人和那些目睹网络歧视的人。我们进行了三项荟萃分析，包括总共47项研究，包括40,535名参与者，探讨了感知和介导的网络歧视形式。结果显示，直接经历网络歧视与较差的心理健康（Z = - 0.37, p < .001）和较低的幸福感（Z = - 0.11, p < .001）显著相关。值得注意的是，目睹网络歧视与较差的心理健康结果显著相关（Z = - 0.26, p < .001）。适度和元回归分析强调，当歧视针对少数种族群体成员，如亚洲人和黑人，以及在美国进行的研究中，与心理健康的联系更强。此外，与一般的互联网相比，在社交媒体平台上目睹在线歧视与心理健康结果的关联更强。这些结果强调了通过研究、临床干预和教育举措解决在线歧视的重要性，无论是直接经历的还是观察到的，因为它可能是一种普遍存在的压力源，与个人较差的心理健康和福祉有关。
{"title":"Beyond bytes: A meta-analytical examination of the association between online discrimination and mental health and well-being","authors":"Chiara Imperato, Tiziana Mancini","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Online discrimination is an increasingly prevalent issue with significant implications for individuals' health and well-being. However, there is a notable lack of comprehensive reviews and meta-analyses addressing this topic. The present work investigated the association between online discrimination and individuals' mental health and well-being, focusing on both those who experience online discrimination directly and those who witness it. We conducted three meta-analyses including a total of 47 studies comprising 40,535 participants, exploring both perceived and mediated forms of online discrimination. The results revealed that directly experiencing online discrimination was significantly associated with poorer mental health (<em>Z</em> = −0.37, <em>p</em> < .001) and reduced well-being (<em>Z</em> = −0.11, <em>p</em> < .001). Notably, witnessing online discrimination was significantly related to poorer mental health outcomes (<em>Z</em> = −0.26, <em>p</em> < .001). Moderation and meta-regression analyses highlighted stronger associations with mental health when discrimination targeted members of minoritized racial groups, such as Asian and Black individuals, and in studies conducted in the United States. Furthermore, witnessing online discrimination on social media platforms compared to the Internet in general was associated with stronger associations with mental health outcomes. These results underscore the importance of addressing online discrimination, whether directly experienced or observed, through research, clinical interventions, and educational initiatives, as it can be a pervasive stressor that is associated with poorer mental health and well-being among individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102092"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102107
Hannah D. Nussmann , Marie-Theresa Kaufmann , Ayline Heller , Stefanie Hahm , Laura Altweck , Elmar Brähler , Adrian Gallistl , Bernhard Strauß
Understanding the impact of political repression and changing political systems on individual health is crucial in a globalized and rapidly changing world. Political repression can take different forms depending on the instigators' motives: subversive “soft” or “quiet” forms of repression are less visible and directly target psychological well-being, while “hard” or “loud” repression uses violence and incarceration to impact physical health and freedom. While the long-term-consequences of hard forms of repression such as torture are well researched, the impact of soft forms of repression is often neglected. In a probability-based sample of 1800 citizens born before 1980 and socialized in the German Democratic Republic self-reported depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms were investigated in different groups. Results revealed elevated scores for people who experienced any form of repression before 1980, while somatic symptoms were elevated for those who experienced incarceration. In addition, reporting repression in one's social surroundings without direct victimization predicted anxiety and depression scores. These values were largely independent of appraisal of reunification.
{"title":"Long-term effects of soft and hard repression in the German Democratic Republic on depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms three decades after the peaceful transition in Germany","authors":"Hannah D. Nussmann , Marie-Theresa Kaufmann , Ayline Heller , Stefanie Hahm , Laura Altweck , Elmar Brähler , Adrian Gallistl , Bernhard Strauß","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the impact of political repression and changing political systems on individual health is crucial in a globalized and rapidly changing world. Political repression can take different forms depending on the instigators' motives: subversive “soft” or “quiet” forms of repression are less visible and directly target psychological well-being, while “hard” or “loud” repression uses violence and incarceration to impact physical health and freedom. While the long-term-consequences of hard forms of repression such as torture are well researched, the impact of soft forms of repression is often neglected. In a probability-based sample of 1800 citizens born before 1980 and socialized in the German Democratic Republic self-reported depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms were investigated in different groups. Results revealed elevated scores for people who experienced any form of repression before 1980, while somatic symptoms were elevated for those who experienced incarceration. In addition, reporting repression in one's social surroundings without direct victimization predicted anxiety and depression scores. These values were largely independent of appraisal of reunification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102107"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145492006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102095
Anthony A. Volk
Bullying is a pernicious problem in the modern world, leading researchers to ask whether this is a new behavior or whether bullying has more ancient roots. An evolutionary perspective on bullying suggests that it is a behavior that extends well beyond modernity. Adopting that perspective, I chose to examine evidence for adolescent peer bullying in Western cultures during Antiquity (i.e., Ancient Greece and Rome), the Medieval Period, and the Renaissance. Given the scarcity of evidence for the daily lives of adolescents, I focused on two sources of information. First, I analyzed broad cultural factors that may have related to bullying. Second, I examined anecdotal evidence for adolescent bullying. The cultural data reveal that at one level, bullying was a structural feature of historical life in Western Europe and thus was very likely to be present among adolescents. At the anecdotal level, most of the evidence for historical bullying focuses on hazing rituals associated with education. Thus, direct evidence for historical bullying is scant. This may be because peer bullying was rare in history or it may be because peer bullying was not something worth recording. I lean towards the latter interpretation and argue that historically, bullying was at least as common in the past as it is today, with the severity of bullying often exceeding what is seen in modern cultures. These data fit with an evolutionary perspective of bullying and argue for the importance of considering historical research when creating and testing modernized theories of bullying and bullying interventions.
{"title":"A history of youth bullying in Western civilization","authors":"Anthony A. Volk","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bullying is a pernicious problem in the modern world, leading researchers to ask whether this is a new behavior or whether bullying has more ancient roots. An evolutionary perspective on bullying suggests that it is a behavior that extends well beyond modernity. Adopting that perspective, I chose to examine evidence for adolescent peer bullying in Western cultures during Antiquity (i.e., Ancient Greece and Rome), the Medieval Period, and the Renaissance. Given the scarcity of evidence for the daily lives of adolescents, I focused on two sources of information. First, I analyzed broad cultural factors that may have related to bullying. Second, I examined anecdotal evidence for adolescent bullying. The cultural data reveal that at one level, bullying was a structural feature of historical life in Western Europe and thus was very likely to be present among adolescents. At the anecdotal level, most of the evidence for historical bullying focuses on hazing rituals associated with education. Thus, direct evidence for historical bullying is scant. This may be because peer bullying was rare in history or it may be because peer bullying was not something worth recording. I lean towards the latter interpretation and argue that historically, bullying was at least as common in the past as it is today, with the severity of bullying often exceeding what is seen in modern cultures. These data fit with an evolutionary perspective of bullying and argue for the importance of considering historical research when creating and testing modernized theories of bullying and bullying interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102095"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102091
Zehra Sahin-Ilkorkor
This study compares victims of bias-based and non-bias-based bullying in terms of their respective proportions across years and their perceived negative effects of bullying on self-esteem, social relationships, schoolwork, and physical health. The ordered logit model was conducted using a national sample of adolescents aged 12 to 18 in the United States to test the differential effects associated with experiencing bias-based bullying and the buffering role of social support, as suggested by the Minority Stress Theory. From 2015 to 2022, the proportion of students who experienced only non-bias-based bullying remained relatively steady before declining in 2022, whereas the proportion of students who reported being bullied and experienced at least some bias-based bullying showed a gradual upward trend over the same period. Bullying victims who report negative effects are more likely to have low and moderate than high levels of bullying effects. For each level of bullying effects (low, moderate, and high), victims of bias-based bullying have a higher probability of having effects than victims of non-bias-based bullying. Female students are more vulnerable than male students to having high levels of perceived bullying effects on self-esteem, social relationships, schoolwork, and physical health. Social support ameliorates the negative effects of bullying victimization and an increase in social support benefits the victims of bias-based bullying more than the victims of non-bias-based bullying.
{"title":"Comparison of students experiencing bias-based and non-bias-based bullying: Proportions of bullying victims, perceived bullying effects, and the buffering role of social support","authors":"Zehra Sahin-Ilkorkor","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study compares victims of bias-based and non-bias-based bullying in terms of their respective proportions across years and their perceived negative effects of bullying on self-esteem, social relationships, schoolwork, and physical health. The ordered logit model was conducted using a national sample of adolescents aged 12 to 18 in the United States to test the differential effects associated with experiencing bias-based bullying and the buffering role of social support, as suggested by the Minority Stress Theory. From 2015 to 2022, the proportion of students who experienced only non-bias-based bullying remained relatively steady before declining in 2022, whereas the proportion of students who reported being bullied and experienced at least some bias-based bullying showed a gradual upward trend over the same period. Bullying victims who report negative effects are more likely to have low and moderate than high levels of bullying effects. For each level of bullying effects (low, moderate, and high), victims of bias-based bullying have a higher probability of having effects than victims of non-bias-based bullying. Female students are more vulnerable than male students to having high levels of perceived bullying effects on self-esteem, social relationships, schoolwork, and physical health. Social support ameliorates the negative effects of bullying victimization and an increase in social support benefits the victims of bias-based bullying more than the victims of non-bias-based bullying.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102091"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102094
Grace Stewart (née Nock) , Louise Dixon , Nichola Tyler
Online child sexual exploitation and abuse (OCSEA) is a precipitously evolving public health issue that has steadily increased in prevalence and modes of offending as technology has advanced and become more available. A necessary step in achieving effective clinical, correctional, and investigative practice is to explain why people may engage in this behaviour, necessitating the creation of theoretical frameworks. Although numerous theoretical explanations have been proposed to account for OCSEA, they have typically developed from contact sexual offending or general crime theories. Considering the differences that exist between people who engage in online offending compared to those who engage in contact offending and general crime, this approach is questioned. This review critically evaluates the ability of existing Level I, II and III theories to adequately explain OCSEA using established theory appraisal criteria. Each theory is categorised based on its theoretical construction and reviewed for its strengths and weaknesses. Thirteen theories were identified and were found to show mixed utility for explaining OCSEA when evaluated against theory appraisal criteria. Common challenges across the theories are discussed. It is concluded that current theoretical explanations for OCSEA are incomplete and further research is needed to develop bespoke explanations of OCSEA to inform intervention and prevention strategies.
{"title":"A critical review of theoretical explanations for online child sexual offending: Towards a deeper approach to theory generation","authors":"Grace Stewart (née Nock) , Louise Dixon , Nichola Tyler","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Online child sexual exploitation and abuse (OCSEA) is a precipitously evolving public health issue that has steadily increased in prevalence and modes of offending as technology has advanced and become more available. A necessary step in achieving effective clinical, correctional, and investigative practice is to explain why people may engage in this behaviour, necessitating the creation of theoretical frameworks. Although numerous theoretical explanations have been proposed to account for OCSEA, they have typically developed from contact sexual offending or general crime theories. Considering the differences that exist between people who engage in online offending compared to those who engage in contact offending and general crime, this approach is questioned. This review critically evaluates the ability of existing Level I, II and III theories to adequately explain OCSEA using established theory appraisal criteria. Each theory is categorised based on its theoretical construction and reviewed for its strengths and weaknesses. Thirteen theories were identified and were found to show mixed utility for explaining OCSEA when evaluated against theory appraisal criteria. Common challenges across the theories are discussed. It is concluded that current theoretical explanations for OCSEA are incomplete and further research is needed to develop bespoke explanations of OCSEA to inform intervention and prevention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102094"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is an important social and health problem worldwide. It has severe consequences on women who suffer it, however there are gaps in knowledge regarding consequences of physical violence. Specifically in the context of IPVAW, there is a need of research on associations among physical violence, brain and neuropsychological alterations. This scoping review reports findings regarding the association among physical damages caused by IPVAW, brain alterations and neuropsychological functioning. Studies were identified by searching in five electronic databases. Ten studies were included after applying selection criteria. The scoping review revealed that women survivors of IPVAW who experienced episodes of nonfatal strangulation and traumatic brain injury showed alterations in brain cortical volume, functional connectivity and neuropsychological functioning. Results of this scoping review contribute to our understanding of the relationship between the major types of physical violence suffered by women survivors of IPVAW, and the relationship of these forms of physical violence with other kinds of brain and neuropsychological alterations. It is imperative to inform women survivors of IPVAW of the need to go to emergency services after such violent episodes, due to the possibility of having suffered traumatic brain injury and other brain damage, as well as the need for early rehabilitation. Future research should focus on assessing these forms of impairment more thoroughly, taking into account other possible factors that can lead to structural and functional brain damage and alter neuropsychological functionality in women survivors of IPVAW.
{"title":"Women survivors of intimate partner violence: A scoping review of the relationship between traumatic brain injury and non-fatal strangulation, brain alterations and neuropsychological functioning","authors":"Cristina Villasclaras-García , Natalia Hidalgo-Ruzzante , Inmaculada Teva Álvarez , Miguel Pérez-García","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is an important social and health problem worldwide. It has severe consequences on women who suffer it, however there are gaps in knowledge regarding consequences of physical violence. Specifically in the context of IPVAW, there is a need of research on associations among physical violence, brain and neuropsychological alterations. This scoping review reports findings regarding the association among physical damages caused by IPVAW, brain alterations and neuropsychological functioning. Studies were identified by searching in five electronic databases. Ten studies were included after applying selection criteria. The scoping review revealed that women survivors of IPVAW who experienced episodes of nonfatal strangulation and traumatic brain injury showed alterations in brain cortical volume, functional connectivity and neuropsychological functioning. Results of this scoping review contribute to our understanding of the relationship between the major types of physical violence suffered by women survivors of IPVAW, and the relationship of these forms of physical violence with other kinds of brain and neuropsychological alterations. It is imperative to inform women survivors of IPVAW of the need to go to emergency services after such violent episodes, due to the possibility of having suffered traumatic brain injury and other brain damage, as well as the need for early rehabilitation. Future research should focus on assessing these forms of impairment more thoroughly, taking into account other possible factors that can lead to structural and functional brain damage and alter neuropsychological functionality in women survivors of IPVAW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145472953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-08-29DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102081
M. Furkan Kurnaz , Nilüfer Koçtürk
Cyberbullying can be considered one malady of our time. This meta-analysis investigates examines the effectiveness of intervention programs in reducing cyberbullying victimization (CV) and cyberbullying perpetration (CP) among adolescents. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Global (PQDT), Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The search yielded 30 studies (kCV = 30; kCP = 31) for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Results indicated that the programs significantly reduced both CV (g = −0.331, p < .001) and CP (g = −0.454, p < .001) among adolescents. Moderator analyses revealed that gender composition and study design significantly moderated the effectiveness of interventions for both CV and CP. Specifically, programs involving samples with more than 50 % girls and those utilizing quasi-experimental designs showed greater effectiveness. In addition, active control groups and longer intervention durations significantly enhanced program outcomes for CP, although these factors did not significantly influence CV outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of participant characteristics, methodological rigor, and dosage in optimizing intervention success. Implications for researchers, educators, and mental health professionals developing cyberbullying intervention programs for adolescents are discussed.
网络欺凌可以被认为是我们这个时代的一种弊病。本荟萃分析调查了干预方案在减少青少年网络欺凌受害（CV）和网络欺凌犯罪（CP）方面的有效性。使用ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Global （PQDT）、Scopus、PubMed、Web of Science和谷歌Scholar进行了全面的文献检索。检索得到30项研究（kCV = 30; kCP = 31）纳入meta分析。结果表明，该项目显著降低了青少年的CV （g = - 0.331, p < .001）和CP （g = - 0.454, p < .001）。调节分析显示，性别构成和研究设计显著调节了干预措施对CV和CP的有效性。具体而言，涉及超过50%的女孩样本和使用准实验设计的项目显示出更大的有效性。此外，积极的对照组和较长的干预时间显著提高了CP的项目结果，尽管这些因素对CV结果没有显著影响。这些发现强调了参与者特征、方法严谨性和剂量在优化干预成功中的重要性。对研究人员、教育工作者和心理健康专业人员开发青少年网络欺凌干预方案的影响进行了讨论。
{"title":"Addressing cyberbullying in adolescents: A comprehensive meta-analytic evaluation of intervention programs","authors":"M. Furkan Kurnaz , Nilüfer Koçtürk","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyberbullying can be considered one malady of our time. This meta-analysis investigates examines the effectiveness of intervention programs in reducing cyberbullying victimization (CV) and cyberbullying perpetration (CP) among adolescents. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Global (PQDT), Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The search yielded 30 studies (<em>k</em><sub><em>CV</em></sub> = 30; <em>k</em><sub><em>CP</em></sub> = 31) for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Results indicated that the programs significantly reduced both CV (<em>g</em> = −0.331, <em>p</em> < .001) and CP (<em>g</em> = −0.454, <em>p</em> < .001) among adolescents. Moderator analyses revealed that gender composition and study design significantly moderated the effectiveness of interventions for both CV and CP. Specifically, programs involving samples with more than 50 % girls and those utilizing quasi-experimental designs showed greater effectiveness. In addition, active control groups and longer intervention durations significantly enhanced program outcomes for CP, although these factors did not significantly influence CV outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of participant characteristics, methodological rigor, and dosage in optimizing intervention success. Implications for researchers, educators, and mental health professionals developing cyberbullying intervention programs for adolescents are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 102081"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2025.102082
Amy L. Byrd , Isabella Kahhale , Colin E. Vize , Rebecca Griffith , Essi Viding , Stephanie D. Stepp
Aggression in youth is a transdiagnostic indicator that permeates nearly all psychiatric disorders and is one of the most common reasons for mental health referrals. Contingency learning theories provide a framework for conceptualizing factors that elicit (antecedents) and maintain aggressive (consequences) behavior. For decades, theoretical and etiological models of aggression have emphasized individual differences in neurobiological reactivity during contingency learning as predictors of aggression in youth. However, our ability to predict precisely when aggression will occur and why aggression persists over time remains limited, ultimately hindering our capacity to tailor and personalize interventions to maximize effectiveness. The current review summarizes research examining individual differences in neurobiological reactivity during stimulus-response (antecedents) and response-outcome (consequences) contingencies as predictors of aggression in youth. It then offers concrete recommendations for expansions of this work with an eye toward optimizing the prediction of aggression via the identification of proximal individual- and dyad-level antecedents and consequences. These include conceptual considerations such as examining aggression as a transdiagnostic construct, considering alternative internal and external antecedents and consequences of aggression, and explicating aggression within the dyadic context. Additionally, recommendations for methodological advancements are presented, including enhancing ecological validity of study designs, incorporating ambulatory assessments, and utilizing advanced analytic approaches that allow us to empirically test and identify proximal antecedents and consequences of aggression. Finally, we discuss how these advancements have the potential to increase the precision of intervention efforts to reduce aggression by creating a framework for systematically mapping within-individual and within-dyad processes that elicit and maintain aggressive behavior over time.
{"title":"Expanding contingency learning models of aggression in youth: Conceptual and methodological considerations to enhance clinical utility","authors":"Amy L. Byrd , Isabella Kahhale , Colin E. Vize , Rebecca Griffith , Essi Viding , Stephanie D. Stepp","doi":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avb.2025.102082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aggression in youth is a transdiagnostic indicator that permeates nearly all psychiatric disorders and is one of the most common reasons for mental health referrals. Contingency learning theories provide a framework for conceptualizing factors that elicit (<em>antecedents</em>) and maintain aggressive (<em>consequences</em>) behavior. For decades, theoretical and etiological models of aggression have emphasized individual differences in neurobiological reactivity during contingency learning as predictors of aggression in youth. However, our ability to predict precisely <em>when</em> aggression will occur and <em>why</em> aggression persists over time remains limited, ultimately hindering our capacity to tailor and personalize interventions to maximize effectiveness. The current review summarizes research examining individual differences in neurobiological reactivity during stimulus-response (<em>antecedents</em>) and response-outcome (<em>consequences</em>) contingencies as predictors of aggression in youth. It then offers concrete recommendations for expansions of this work with an eye toward optimizing the prediction of aggression via the identification of proximal individual- and dyad-level antecedents and consequences. These include conceptual considerations such as examining aggression as a transdiagnostic construct, considering alternative internal and external antecedents and consequences of aggression, and explicating aggression within the dyadic context. Additionally, recommendations for methodological advancements are presented, including enhancing ecological validity of study designs, incorporating ambulatory assessments, and utilizing advanced analytic approaches that allow us to empirically test and identify proximal antecedents and consequences of aggression. Finally, we discuss how these advancements have the potential to increase the precision of intervention efforts to reduce aggression by creating a framework for systematically mapping within-individual and within-dyad processes that elicit and maintain aggressive behavior over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51360,"journal":{"name":"Aggression and Violent Behavior","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 102082"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145009149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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