International Journal of Tourism Research最新文献

This study explores how burnout (“Juan”) and involution (“Neijuan”) cultures have led to the rise of “Tangping” (lying flat) among Gen Z tourism workers in Anji City, China. Understanding these dynamics is essential for enhancing employee well-being and organizational health in this major tourism hub. Limited research has addressed the combined impact of these cultures on Anji's tourism workforce, which this study investigates using qualitative in-depth interviews. Analyzing the data with thematic coding, the study reveals a conflict between the pressure to succeed in a competitive industry and the need for work-life balance. Findings suggest that both burnout and involution significantly affect employees' attitudes and preferences, influencing their well-being and organizational behavior. To support work-life balance, the study recommends investing in employee well-being, fostering a positive organizational culture, and collaborating with stakeholders for sustainable tourism, thereby promoting a healthier work environment and long-term industry growth.

This study investigates the influence of Generation M (born 1995–2010) on the consumption trends of the “New-style Tea Drinks” within the metaverse. A comprehensive model of consumer behavior is constructed by integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and the factor of perceived risk. This study using AMOS 24.0 to test the research hypotheses. The findings demonstrate that perceived ease of use, perceived utility, perceived risk, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, consumption attitudes, and consumption intentions significantly affect consumption behavior. The study highlights the cognitive processes of Generation M in forming new tea consumption behaviors. It offers recommendations for enhancing marketing strategies in the New-style Tea Drink industry from a metaverse perspective. The study specifically examines how metaverse-based interactions shape consumption behavior.

This study delves into a pressing issue in the restaurant industry: the challenge of catering copycats, which are unauthorized imitations of menu items and services that can lead to lost market share and hinder innovation. Focusing on Chinese restaurants, it employs multi-wave surveys and analyzes 929 responses to investigate the impact of copycat threats on innovation. The study reveals both linear and nonlinear effects of these threats, highlighting the role of customer and supplier co-creation as mediators. It underscores the importance of understanding how different types of restaurants vary in their innovative responses to imitation. The research enriches the behavior of the firm theory by demonstrating how restaurants can proactively drive innovation in the face of imitation. It extends the applicability of value co-creation theory, illustrating the role of interactions with suppliers and customers in shaping innovative strategies, thereby enhancing dynamic capabilities to adapt to market demands and changes.

The transactional theory suggests that over time, employees who experience workplace bullying will gradually become more resilient. Employees gain inner peace and spiritual strength from adverse situations, thereby strengthening their resilience (e.g., mental toughness and mindfulness). Based on transactional theory, this study aims to examine how hotel frontline employees, who are more vulnerable to workplace bullying, engage in self-protective behaviors (i.e., defensive silence and defensive voice) and subsequently develop their mental toughness and mindfulness. Data were collected from 400 full-time hotel employees in Turkey. We found that workplace bullying pushed employees to defensive silence and voice. Defensive silence reduced employees' mental toughness. Furthermore, employees' mental toughness enhanced their mindfulness. An additional mediation analysis showed that defensive silence damaged employee mindfulness by weakening their mental toughness. Notably, this study provides a new insight that defensive silence is not always beneficial for hospitality employees in the context of workplace bullying.

While limited research has addressed the dynamic nature of city brand identities, flexible identity (FI) offers a useful lens for understanding multiple city brand personalities. This study examines the structural relationships among FI, city brand personality, cognitive image, affective image, and behavioral intention in Busan, Korea. Based on a sample of 315 respondents, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling was applied to test the proposed model. Findings indicate that variability and core identity significantly influence all dimensions of city brand personality. Attractiveness and dynamism positively influence affective image, whereas innovativeness and reliability enhance cognitive image. This study confirmed the mediating role of both cognitive and affective image. Cognitive image influences affective image, whereas both cognitive and affective images are positively associated with behavioral intention. The study advances theoretical understanding of FI in city branding and provides practical insights for managing complex and evolving urban brand identities in global tourism markets.

In an increasingly competitive hospitality sector, hotels seek to differentiate themselves by delivering superior customer experiences (CEX). Drawing on Cognitive Appraisal Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior, this study investigates how CEX shapes revisit intention (RIN) in the hotel industry, with customer value (CVA) and customer engagement (CEN) as mediators. Survey data from 334 hotel guests in Dubai and Sharjah were analyzed using PLS-SEM with bootstrapping. Results show that CEX significantly influences CVA and CEN, both of which positively affect RIN. Moreover, CVA enhances CEN, which further mediates the CVA–RIN relationship. These findings extend theory by integrating psychological and behavioral perspectives to explain loyalty formation and highlighting the dual mediation pathways from CEX to RIN. Practically, it urges hotels to prioritize engagement strategies that enhance perceived value, strengthen emotional bonds, and ultimately increase guest loyalty. The findings add to the hospitality marketing literature while suggesting practical strategies to strengthen guest loyalty in competitive settings.

Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, this systematic review presents a comprehensive analysis of 194 published articles on LGBT+ tourism from 80 journals, synthesizing the existing literature to provide a state-of-the-art understanding of developments in LGBT+ tourism over recent decades. Five main themes in LGBT+ tourism research are identified: LGBT+ tourists, motivations and constraints, travel experiences, identity and space, and LGBT+ tourism settings and services. The findings highlight limited exploration of certain dimensions, revealing under-researched areas. By addressing these gaps, future investigations can enhance the comprehension of the complexities inherent in LGBT+ tourism. This study serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking to expand their knowledge of LGBT+ tourism and promote more inclusive practices within the tourism industry.

Tourism serves as a vital approach for promoting active aging. In recent years, virtual tourism has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional travel, offering the elderly new opportunities to enhance their mental health and well-being. Grounded in self-determination theory, this study explores how elderly tourists' motivations—specifically autonomy (convenience, usability), relatedness (cultural exploration, interpersonal seeking), and competence (continuous learning, ego-enhancement)—influence virtual tourism involvement, destination psychological ownership (DPO), and subjective vitality. Survey data from 364 participants aged 60 and above across multiple countries were analyzed using AMOS and SPSS. The results reveal that all six motivations positively predict virtual tourism involvement. DPO mediates the relationship between involvement and subjective vitality, whereas fear of missing out moderates the link between involvement and DPO. This study deepens the understanding of elderly tourists' psychology in virtual tourism, offering insights for designing age-friendly virtual experiences that promote well-being and engagement among them.

While shopping has long been recognised as an important component of tourism activities that generate significant revenue for tourist destinations, little attention has been paid to the determinants of tourists' shopping behaviour. In this study, a two-stage modelling method is used to examine the factors that affect tourists' expenditure on retail products, such as socio-demographic status, tripographic characteristics and economic status. These factors are found to influence both tourists' shopping budgets and the allocation of these budgets among product categories. Different shopping patterns are observed across geographical regions. The study provides a theoretical framework for analysing tourists' shopping behaviour and the empirical results shed light on tourism product design and the promotion of tourism destinations.

This study used the Emotional Dissonance Theory and the Conservation of Resources Theory to investigate how emotional labor affects new hotel employees' anxiety over time. 534 employees were involved in the study, participating in three rounds of data collection. A latent class growth model and a repeated-measure analysis of variance were utilized to analyze the data. Study 1 identified two distinct groups of employees; one group exhibited a low initial level of anxiety, which was subsequently followed by a significant increase. In contrast, the other group displayed low anxiety levels in three rounds of investigation. Study 2 discovered that employees adapted their emotional labor strategies in response to occupational chronic stress. Specifically, a combination of lower surface acting, higher deep acting, and natural emotional expression positively impacted the employees' psychological well-being. The findings offer valuable insights for the hospitality management, guiding how to support the mental health of their employees.