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Understanding Traveler Behavior Before, During, and Post COVID-19 了解旅行者在COVID-19之前、期间和之后的行为
IF 5.7 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2025-10-19 DOI: 10.1002/jtr.70137
Xiaoxu Wang, James F. Petrick

While much research has been conducted related to COVID-19's impact on travel, little research has examined the underlying determinants of changes in behavior and how it shifted across time. Grounded by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the concept of constraint negotiation, this qualitative study simulates a longitudinal method to understand traveler behavior changes before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. In-depth interviews revealed that behavioral changes were and will be influenced by travelers' attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Furthermore, the results suggest that each dimension of the TPB interacts with the others during the travel decision-making process. Travelers' ability to negotiate constraints was also found to play an important role in influencing participants' behaviors, suggesting it to be a strong addition to the TPB. Practical implications include important directions for destinations to better understand visitors' attitudes, the roles of others, and how to aid in reducing constraints.

虽然已经就COVID-19对旅行的影响进行了大量研究,但很少有研究调查了行为变化的潜在决定因素以及它如何随着时间的推移而变化。本定性研究以计划行为理论(TPB)和约束协商的概念为基础,采用纵向模拟方法来了解COVID-19大流行之前、期间和之后的旅行者行为变化。深度访谈显示,游客的态度、主观规范和感知行为控制会影响游客的行为变化。此外,研究结果表明,在旅游决策过程中,城市规划的各个维度之间存在相互作用。旅行者协商约束的能力也被发现在影响参与者的行为方面发挥着重要作用,这表明它是对TPB的一个强有力的补充。实际意义包括为目的地提供重要的方向,以便更好地了解游客的态度,其他人的角色,以及如何帮助减少限制。
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引用次数: 0
Generation Z's Michelin Choices: Survey and Big Data Insights Into Thailand's Michelin-Starred Restaurants Z世代的米其林选择:对泰国米其林星级餐厅的调查和大数据见解
IF 5.7 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2025-10-19 DOI: 10.1002/jtr.70135
Seieun Kim, Aura Lydia Riswanto, Sonam Sherpa, Hak-Seon Kim

This study explored factors influencing customer satisfaction and visiting intention at Michelin-starred restaurants in Thailand, key attractions for visitors. Using 11,887 Google Maps reviews, frequency and co-occurrence analyses via KH Coder identified four clusters: Food Quality, Service and Ambiance, Value for Money, and Time Risk. EFA and linear regression with SPSS revealed that Food Quality positively affected satisfaction, while Service and Ambiance, Value for Money, and Time Risk had negative impacts. A survey of 291 Generation Z respondents showed Food Quality (β = 0.201, p < 0.001), Service and Ambiance (β = 0.331, p < 0.001), and Value for Money (β = 0.317, p = 0.007) positively influenced attitudes, which strongly affected visiting intentions (β = 0.802, p < 0.001). These findings highlight Food Quality as central to satisfaction and preference formation, urging Michelin-starred restaurants to prioritize culinary excellence to attract and retain customers in a competitive market.

本研究探讨泰国米其林星级餐厅顾客满意度及到访意向的影响因素。通过11,887份谷歌地图评论,KH Coder对频率和共现性进行了分析,确定了四个集群:食品质量、服务和氛围、物有所值和时间风险。EFA和SPSS线性回归分析显示,食品质量对满意度有正向影响,而服务和氛围、物有所值和时间风险对满意度有负向影响。一项对291名Z世代受访者的调查显示,食品质量(β = 0.201, p < 0.001)、服务和氛围(β = 0.331, p < 0.001)和物有所值(β = 0.317, p = 0.007)正向影响态度,而态度对访问意向有强烈影响(β = 0.802, p < 0.001)。这些发现强调了食物质量是满意度和偏好形成的核心,敦促米其林星级餐厅优先考虑卓越的烹饪,以在竞争激烈的市场中吸引和留住顾客。
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引用次数: 0
Engaging With Ethnic Minority Tourism for Tourist Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being 少数民族旅游对游客享乐与幸福的影响
IF 5.7 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2025-10-18 DOI: 10.1002/jtr.70138
Heng Chu, Chunli Ji, Furong Tian, Catherine Prentice

Cultural differences significantly shape tourists' psychological and behavioral responses. This study investigates how perceived cultural distance influences tourist engagement, memorable tourism experiences, and well-being—both hedonic and eudaimonic—in the context of ethnic minority tourism. Based on 527 valid survey responses from recent visitors to ethnic minority destinations in China, the findings reveal that cultural distance positively affects engagement and experience, which in turn enhance well-being. Tourist engagement and memorable experiences mediate the relationship between perceived cultural distance and well-being. The study contributes to tourism and consumer psychology literature by clarifying the complex effects of cultural difference and offers practical insights for tourism operators and policymakers.

文化差异显著地影响着游客的心理和行为反应。本研究旨在探讨少数民族旅游背景下,文化距离感知如何影响游客参与、难忘的旅游体验和幸福感(包括享乐和幸福)。基于对527名近期到访中国少数民族旅游目的地的游客的有效调查反馈,研究结果表明,文化距离对参与度和体验有积极影响,从而提高幸福感。游客参与和难忘的经历调解感知文化距离和幸福感之间的关系。该研究通过阐明文化差异的复杂影响,为旅游和消费心理学文献做出了贡献,并为旅游经营者和政策制定者提供了实践见解。
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引用次数: 0
Profiling Outbound Tourists With Mild Dementia: A Motivation-Based Segmentation Approach 分析轻度痴呆出境游客:基于动机的分割方法
IF 5.7 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1002/jtr.70134
Fangli Hu, Jun Wen, Behzad Foroughi

Market segmentation is essential in tourism research for identifying distinct tourist groups and tailoring tourism services accordingly. While numerous studies have examined the segmentation strategies for various tourist demographics, the segmentation of vulnerable tourists with chronic diseases, such as dementia, remains significantly under-investigated. This study represents the first attempt to classify tourists with chronic diseases based on their outbound tourism motivations, using dementia as an example. Employing a mixed-methods approach (i.e., qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys), this study identified three different segments among 214 individuals with mild dementia: the health and life quality enhancement type, the all-round engagement type, and the life enjoyment and family-oriented type. These three clusters exhibited notable sociodemographic differences, particularly in occupation, preferred travel type, and travel time. The findings reveal the diverse travel motivations within this vulnerable population, offering valuable insights for stakeholders, including academics, tourism providers, policymakers, and caregivers, to develop dementia-friendly tourism experiences.

在旅游研究中,市场细分是确定不同旅游群体并提供相应旅游服务的必要条件。虽然有许多研究审查了各种游客人口统计的细分战略,但对患有慢性疾病(如痴呆症)的脆弱游客的细分研究仍然严重不足。本研究首次尝试以痴呆症为例,根据出境旅游动机对患有慢性疾病的游客进行分类。本研究采用混合方法(即定性访谈和定量调查),在214名轻度痴呆患者中确定了三个不同的细分:健康和生活质量增强型,全方位参与型,生活享受和家庭导向型。这三个集群在职业、首选旅行类型和旅行时间方面表现出显著的社会人口统计学差异。研究结果揭示了这一弱势群体的不同旅游动机,为包括学者、旅游供应商、政策制定者和护理人员在内的利益相关者提供了宝贵的见解,以开发对痴呆症友好的旅游体验。
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引用次数: 0
Mapping Intra-Destination Movement of Leisure Tourists at a Rural Lakeside Destination: Role of Transport Mode and Place of Accommodation 乡村湖滨休闲游客目的地内运动映射:交通方式和住宿地点的作用
IF 5.7 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1002/jtr.70125
Judit Sulyok, Eszter Madarász

Intra-destination tourism mobility is an essential issue for destinations, especially for car-dominant rural areas. This study focuses on a lakeside destination (i.e., Lake Balaton, Hungary). This empirical research mainly intends to (1) map intra-destination mobility patterns, (2) examine the roles of socio-demographics and trip patterns, and (3) identify intra-destination mobility networks by transport mode. On the basis of a quantitative survey administered to leisure travellers, intra-destination movements are measured. The results show that mobility paths are impacted by transport infrastructure availability as well as a small number of socio-demographics and trip patterns. Leisure tourism has demonstrated limited potential for sustainable transport solutions and has a limited combination of transport modes. With respect to the destinations visited, the study confirmed shore area dominance. This research contributes valuable insights for policy-makers, destination managers, and industry stakeholders seeking to promote responsible tourism practices.

旅游目的地内的旅游流动性是旅游目的地的一个重要问题,特别是对于以汽车为主的农村地区。本研究的重点是湖边目的地(即匈牙利的巴拉顿湖)。本实证研究的主要目的是:(1)绘制目的地内流动模式图;(2)考察社会人口统计学和出行模式的作用;(3)通过交通方式识别目的地内流动网络。在对休闲旅行者进行定量调查的基础上,测量了目的地内的流动。结果表明,出行路径受到交通基础设施可用性以及少数社会人口统计学和出行模式的影响。休闲旅游在可持续运输解决方案方面的潜力有限,运输方式的组合也有限。就旅游目的地而言,研究证实海岸地区占主导地位。这项研究为政策制定者、目的地管理者和寻求促进负责任旅游实践的行业利益相关者提供了有价值的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring Visual Attention, Consumption Vision, and Attitude Toward Café Menus Using Eye-Tracking Analysis 使用眼动追踪分析探索视觉注意、消费视觉和对咖啡菜单的态度
IF 5.7 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1002/jtr.70133
Seieun Kim, Thinh Phuoc Phat Nguyen, Aura Lydia Riswanto, Sonam Sherpa, Hak-Seon Kim

The global café industry has expanded rapidly, intensifying competition and underscoring the need to understand how menu design influences consumer behavior. This study investigates how different menu formats affect visual attention, consumption vision, and attitude toward menu items. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining quantitative eye-tracking experiments using the Tobii Pro Spectrum with a post-experiment survey of 35 participants from diverse national backgrounds. Regression analyses reveal that icon and photo fixations significantly predict consumption vision. ANOVA results indicate that text receives more attention in Basic and Description menus, while images dominate in Photo menus. Paired t-tests confirm that consumers focus more on text in Icon menus and more on images in Photo menus. Theoretically, this study demonstrates that visual stimuli are more effective than text in activating consumption vision and shaping consumer attitudes. Practically, it emphasizes the role of visual elements in menu design for enhancing customer engagement and decision-making.

全球咖啡行业迅速扩张,加剧了竞争,也凸显了了解菜单设计如何影响消费者行为的必要性。本研究探讨不同的菜单格式对视觉注意、消费视觉和对菜单项态度的影响。采用了一种混合方法,将Tobii Pro Spectrum的定量眼动追踪实验与35名来自不同国家背景的参与者的实验后调查相结合。回归分析显示,图标和照片注视对消费视觉有显著的预测作用。方差分析结果表明,文本在基本和描述菜单中受到更多的关注,而图像在照片菜单中占主导地位。配对t检验证实,消费者更关注图标菜单中的文本,而照片菜单中的图像。从理论上讲,本研究表明视觉刺激在激活消费视觉和塑造消费者态度方面比文字刺激更有效。实际上,它强调视觉元素在菜单设计中的作用,以提高客户的参与度和决策。
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引用次数: 0
How Self-Congruity Elicits Tourists' Country Attachment, Patriotism, and Intention to Continuous Participation in Red Tourism 自我和谐如何引发游客的国家依恋、爱国主义和持续参与红色旅游的意向
IF 5.7 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1002/jtr.70131
Dengming Xie, Biao He, Jose Weng Chou Wong

Drawing on the cognitive–affective–behavioral framework, this study aims to explore tourists' reactions toward red tourism with a mixed-method approach. Specifically, given the clash of the scale of country attachment and patriotism, in Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted to confirm these two scales; then, a model linking self-congruity (higher-order), country attachment, patriotism, and intention to continue to participate in red tourism was tested. The findings indicate that there is a positive link between self-congruity, tourists' country attachment, patriotism, and intention to continue to participate in red tourism. Semi-structured follow-up interviews were performed in Study 2 to further confirm and explain the results in Study 1. We found that tourists conduct congruence assessments pre-, during, and post- a red trip, and the situational elements trigger tourists to think about “self,” eliciting country attachment and patriotism toward the country progressively, which ultimately affects subsequent behavioral practices.

本研究以认知-情感-行为为框架,采用混合方法探讨游客对红色旅游的反应。具体而言,考虑到国家依恋和爱国主义量表的冲突,在研究1中,我们进行了探索性因素分析来确认这两个量表;然后,对自我和谐(高阶)、国家依恋、爱国主义和继续参与红色旅游意愿之间的关系模型进行了检验。研究发现,自我和谐度与游客的国家依恋、爱国主义和继续参与红色旅游的意愿之间存在正相关关系。研究2采用半结构化的随访访谈,进一步证实和解释研究1的结果。研究发现,游客在红色旅行前、旅行中和旅行后都会进行一致性评估,情境因素触发游客对“自我”的思考,逐步引发对国家的依恋和爱国主义,最终影响随后的行为实践。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial Introduction to the Special Issue on “Sustainable Transport and Mobility for Tourism in Nonurban Areas” “非城市地区旅游业的可持续运输和流动”特刊社论导言
IF 5.7 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1002/jtr.70128
João Romão, Luca Zamparini, Peter Nijkamp

Tourism in low-density and peripheral areas presents a paradox: while visitors seek sustainable, relaxing experiences, they often rely on high-emission private transport. This Special Issue brings together 13 papers that deepen our understanding of sustainable mobility in nonurban tourism. Contributions include conceptual frameworks, empirical analyses, and planning proposals. The first two sets of papers examine sustainability challenges in transport and the behavioral factors influencing tourists’ mobility choices. A third group presents grounded case studies with practical proposals, while a final set explores the interplay between tourism planning and infrastructure at the destination level. Collectively, these studies highlight sustainable mobility in rural tourism as both a critical challenge and a dynamic research frontier. Given the underdeveloped state of rural transport policy in many countries, especially regarding tourism, this Special Issue calls for ongoing research and targeted policy action to foster equitable, inclusive, and sustainable mobility that benefits both residents and visitors.

低密度和外围地区的旅游业呈现出一个悖论:游客寻求可持续的、放松的体验,但他们往往依赖高排放的私人交通工具。本期特刊汇集了13篇论文,这些论文加深了我们对非城市旅游可持续流动性的理解。贡献包括概念框架、实证分析和规划建议。前两组论文研究了交通运输的可持续性挑战和影响游客出行选择的行为因素。第三组展示了基于实际建议的案例研究,而最后一组探讨了旅游规划和目的地基础设施之间的相互作用。总的来说,这些研究强调了乡村旅游的可持续流动性既是一个关键的挑战,也是一个动态的研究前沿。鉴于许多国家的农村交通政策不发达,特别是在旅游业方面,本期特刊呼吁进行持续研究并采取有针对性的政策行动,以促进公平、包容和可持续的交通,使居民和游客都能受益。
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引用次数: 0
A Need-Fulfilling Trip, Wellbeing and Desire 一次满足需求的旅行,幸福和欲望
IF 5.7 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1002/jtr.70121
Youngsoo Kim

Understanding the processes that facilitate a desire to repeat a trip is crucial in explaining the motivational state and decision-making of future tourists. Psychologically satisfied individuals tend to positively evaluate their trip and return to the same place(s) when a post-trip desire arises. In this research, the satisfaction of autonomy, relatedness, and competence positively predicted the quality of a trip, which affected the desire to repeat the trip. Such desire further influenced temporal revisit intentions. Relationships between three fulfilled needs and temporal revisit intentions were serially mediated by the quality of a trip and the desire to repeat the trip. Indirect effects consistently existed regarding short-, medium-, and long-term revisit intentions. This research extended existing theorization by addressing research gaps in relation to the antecedents and consequences of a post-trip desire. Findings provide useful insights into designing and using experiential products and cues that facilitate the post-trip desire and visit.

了解促进重复旅行愿望的过程对于解释未来游客的动机状态和决策至关重要。心理满意的人倾向于积极地评价他们的旅行,当旅行后的欲望出现时,他们会回到同一个地方。在本研究中,自主性满意度、亲缘性满意度和胜任力满意度正向预测旅行质量,进而影响重复旅行的愿望。这种愿望进一步影响了时间上的重访意图。三种被满足的需求和暂时的重访意图之间的关系被旅行的质量和重复旅行的愿望依次中介。间接影响一直存在于短期、中期和长期的重访意图中。本研究通过解决与旅行后欲望的前因后果相关的研究空白,扩展了现有的理论。研究结果为设计和使用体验产品和提示提供了有用的见解,以促进旅行后的愿望和访问。
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引用次数: 0
Tourism Risk Perception and Travel Behavioural Intention in the ‘New Normal’ World: A Case Study of Australian Generations Y and Z “新常态”下的旅游风险认知与旅游行为意愿——以澳大利亚Y和Z世代为例
IF 5.7 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1002/jtr.70129
Ngoc Yen Nhi (Nicole) Nguyen, Truc H. Le

Following the turbulences caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, the tourism industry continues to be challenged by post-pandemic uncertainties. This study sought to explore travel risk perceptions and adaptive behavioural intention among Australian Generations Y and Z in the ‘new normal’. To achieve this, a conceptual framework was developed, integrating the Theory of Planned Behaviour, Protection Motivation Theory, and Risk-as-Feelings Theory, and was empirically examined using a dataset of 380 responses obtained from an online survey. The results of structural equation modelling supported the associations between cognitive-affective risk perceptions, attitude, subjective norms, coping appraisal, and adaptive behavioural intention. Furthermore, the findings confirmed the mediating roles of affective risk perception and coping appraisal and underscored the impact of generational differences on affective risk perception. Finally, theoretical and practical implications were discussed, together with limitations and future research directions.

继新冠肺炎大流行造成的动荡之后,旅游业继续受到大流行后不确定性的挑战。本研究旨在探讨澳大利亚Y代和Z代在“新常态”下的旅行风险感知和适应性行为意愿。为了实现这一目标,我们开发了一个概念框架,整合了计划行为理论、保护动机理论和风险感受理论,并使用从在线调查中获得的380个回答数据集进行了实证检验。结构方程模型的结果支持认知情感风险感知、态度、主观规范、应对评估和适应性行为意图之间的关联。此外,研究结果证实了情感风险感知和应对评价的中介作用,并强调了代际差异对情感风险感知的影响。最后,对理论和实践意义进行了讨论,并提出了局限性和未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Tourism Research
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