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Toward Optimizing Slot Machine Revenue via Title and Location Combinations 通过标题和位置组合优化老虎机收益
IF 5.7 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1002/jtr.70167
Anthony F. Lucas, Jungsun (Sunny) Kim

Competing slot floor configurations were compared to identify whether significant differences in performance would occur. Using revenue data collected from two major Las Vegas Strip resorts, the combination of popular slot titles located in prime floor locations and unpopular titles installed in unfavorable locations outperformed the opposite combination. The difference in performance was indeed significant, aiding operators in the challenge of optimizing critical slot revenues. To the best of our knowledge, this was also the first study to measure the location-specific impacts on game performance, by examining identical games installed in both prime and unfavorable bank locations in large-format casinos. The outcomes revealed that prime locations significantly elevated revenue production for both popular and unpopular titles. This work extended existing research in the areas of servicescape, performance-potential, and merchandising. The quasi-experimental design advanced herein provides operators with the means to replicate this study using results generated by their own games.

比较竞争槽底板配置,以确定是否会出现显著的性能差异。根据从拉斯维加斯大道两家主要度假村收集的收入数据,将热门老虎机游戏放在黄金地段和不受欢迎的游戏放在不利地段的组合表现优于相反的组合。性能上的差异确实是显著的,帮助运营商优化关键时段的收入。据我们所知,这也是第一个测量特定地点对游戏表现影响的研究,通过检查在大型赌场的主要和不利银行位置安装的相同游戏。结果显示,无论是热门游戏还是非热门游戏,黄金地段都能显著提高收益。这项工作扩展了服务逃避、绩效潜力和销售领域的现有研究。本文提出的准实验设计为操作人员提供了使用他们自己的游戏产生的结果来复制这项研究的手段。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding Tourist Guiding Entrepreneurship Through a Narrative Review and an Elite Participant Approach 从叙事回顾和精英参与者的角度理解导游创业
IF 5.7 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1002/jtr.70170
Mehmet Tahir Dursun, Ozan Atsiz, Meral Akyüz, Lokman Dinç

This article aims to introduce tourist entrepreneurship research, a conceptual framework that represents overall tourist guiding entrepreneurship and propose the importance of the constructs built in the framework in a cultural heritage context. For this purpose, a narrative review and elite participant approach were adopted. A total of 64 journal articles were examined to discuss major themes for this study. Based on data analysis, four significant themes were identified: success factors, motives, tourist guiding entrepreneurship type, and emerging themes. These themes were discussed and supported by previously published academic articles. The study outputs yield a unifying framework that illustrates tourist guiding entrepreneurship for the literature and aids professional or local managers to promote it for tourist guides. Tourism entrepreneurship is considered a multifaceted and over-fragmented phenomenon by scholars. Despite the increased importance of tourism entrepreneurship, the conceptual and theoretical understanding of “tourist guiding entrepreneurship” has yet to be fully tapped.

本文旨在介绍旅游创业研究,这是一个代表整体旅游引导创业的概念框架,并提出在文化遗产背景下,在该框架内构建的结构的重要性。为此,采用了叙述性回顾和精英参与者的方法。共检查了64篇期刊文章来讨论本研究的主要主题。基于数据分析,确定了四个重要主题:成功因素、动机、导游创业类型和新兴主题。这些主题在以前发表的学术文章中得到了讨论和支持。研究结果为文献提供了一个统一的框架,说明了导游企业家精神,并帮助专业或当地管理人员向导游推广它。旅游创业被学者们认为是一个多面性和过度碎片化的现象。尽管旅游创业的重要性日益提高,但对“导游创业”的概念和理论认识尚未得到充分挖掘。
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引用次数: 0
Tourism Development and Economic Complexity: An Empirical Analysis 旅游发展与经济复杂性:一个实证分析
IF 5.7 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1002/jtr.70171
Juan Gabriel Brida, David Matesanz Gómez, Verónica Segarra

This study examines the relationship between tourism and economic complexity using a nonparametric methodology to characterize the dynamics across 94 countries over the period 1995–2019. After transforming the raw data into a bi-dimensional series, a hierarchical clustering methodology is computed to uncover countries of similar performance. Two main clusters, plus two small clusters and some outliers arise from our results. The main clusters are composed of developed and developing countries characterized by high and low levels, respectively, of complexity and international tourism expenditures. Some countries have observed movements across clusters, but most of them remain in their groups for the whole period. The evolution of such clusters shows three main stylized facts: certain countries move across clusters; the low performance cluster increases its size during the period, while the high performance one tends to be (more) compact; the distance between the two groups increases over time.

JEL Classification: C14, 011, Z32

本研究使用非参数方法考察了旅游业与经济复杂性之间的关系,以表征1995-2019年期间94个国家的动态。在将原始数据转换为二维序列之后,计算分层聚类方法以发现具有相似性能的国家。两个主要集群,加上两个小集群和一些异常值从我们的结果中产生。主要集群由发达国家和发展中国家组成,其特点是复杂性和国际旅游支出水平分别较高和较低。一些国家观察到跨群体的流动,但大多数国家在整个时期都保持在自己的群体中。这些集群的演变显示了三个主要的程式化事实:某些国家在集群之间移动;在此期间,低性能集群的规模不断扩大,而高性能集群则趋向于(更)紧凑;两组之间的距离随着时间的推移而增加。JEL分类:C14, 011, Z32
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引用次数: 0
From Home to Enterprise: The Evolutionary Commercialization of Rural Small Accommodation Business and Its Impact on Entrepreneurial Success 从家到企业:农村小住宿企业的演化商业化及其对创业成功的影响
IF 5.7 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1002/jtr.70168
Qiucheng Li, Xiaoyan Zhang, Yanqing Zhang, Shuimu Ju

Rural tourism is dominated by endogenous small accommodation businesses (SABs) with dual characteristics of family and enterprise. Achieving competitiveness in rural tourism necessitates not only the establishment but also the sustained success of such businesses. This paper emphasizes the evolutionary commercialization of rural SABs in the context of a developing country, conceptualizing it as the gradual separation of familial functions from business operations. A three-dimensional framework capturing changes in key aspects of SABs (spatial use, labor composition, and goal orientation) is proposed to evaluate this commercialization process. An integrated model elucidating the dynamics of rural SAB's commercialization and its impact on entrepreneurial success is proposed and empirically investigated. The results show that (1) higher degree of commercialization yields favorable results for both business performance and well-being of the entrepreneurial family, and (2) rural SABs' embedded business networks can facilitate the process of commercialization. Theoretical and managerial implications are also discussed.

乡村旅游以内源性小型住宿企业为主,具有家族与企业双重特征。实现乡村旅游的竞争力不仅需要建立这样的企业,而且需要持续的成功。本文强调了发展中国家背景下农村企业的渐进性商业化,将其定义为家庭职能与商业经营的逐步分离。本文提出了一个三维框架,捕捉了SABs关键方面(空间利用、劳动力构成和目标取向)的变化,以评估这一商业化进程。本文提出了一个综合模型,阐述了农村中小企业商业化的动态及其对创业成功的影响,并进行了实证研究。结果表明:(1)较高的商业化程度对创业家庭的经营绩效和幸福感都有利;(2)农村中小企业的嵌入式商业网络可以促进商业化进程。理论和管理意义也进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Critical Factors of Transformational Leadership and Strategy Implication in Promoting Service Innovation Under Post-COVID-19 Pandemic 后冠状病毒大流行背景下变革型领导的关键因素及其推动服务创新的战略意义
IF 5.7 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1002/jtr.70197
Chih-Hsing Liu, Jeou-Shyan Horng, Maria Carmen B. Lapuz, Sheng-Fang Chou, Tai-Yi Yu, Yung-Chuan Huang, Yen-Po Fang, Jun-You Lin

This study is to explore how transformational leadership, competitive advantage, absorptive capability, service innovation, human capital, and knowledge creation are interconnected in the travel industry. A survey questionnaire was distributed to travel agencies located in various regions across Taiwan. The purpose of this survey was to gather insights from travel agency managers regarding key factors relevant to the study. A total of 350 valid responses were collected from travel agency managers, ensuring a diverse and representative sample. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed, allowing for a comprehensive examination of the relationships between variables and testing of the proposed hypotheses to assess complex causal relationships and provide robust statistical insights. We identify the crucial mediating role of absorptive capacity and competitive strategy between transformational leadership and service innovation and reveal that human capital and knowledge generation strengthen the positive correlation under different stages of the service innovation.

本研究旨在探讨旅游业变革型领导、竞争优势、吸收能力、服务创新、人力资本和知识创造如何相互关联。调查问卷已分发给台湾各地的旅行社。这项调查的目的是收集旅行社经理对与研究相关的关键因素的见解。我们从旅行社经理那里收集了350份有效回复,确保了样本的多样性和代表性。为了分析数据,采用结构方程模型(SEM),允许对变量之间的关系进行全面检查,并对提出的假设进行测试,以评估复杂的因果关系,并提供稳健的统计见解。研究发现,吸收能力和竞争战略在变革型领导与服务创新之间起着至关重要的中介作用,人力资本和知识生成在服务创新的不同阶段强化了正相关关系。
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引用次数: 0
A Cross-National Analysis of Sustainable Wine Tourism From the Perspective of Wineries 酒庄视角下可持续葡萄酒旅游的跨国分析
IF 5.7 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1002/jtr.70169
Gergely Szolnoki, Maximilian Tafel, Anne-Christin Stelter, Niklas Ridoff, Calle Nilsson

To assess the impact of sustainability on wine tourism and its individual measures, an international mixed-methods study was conducted. A qualitative survey of 24 producers and an online survey of 1580 wineries was carried out. The aim was to analyse the importance of sustainable development, understand the attitudes of producers and identify concrete examples of sustainable wine tourism being implemented successfully. To highlight differences at an international level, the results from 11 countries were compared. The findings show that sustainability plays a crucial role for wineries and that winegrowers see wine tourism as an important tool in making their businesses more sustainable overall. The survey also revealed that winegrowers still have potential for improvement in their sustainable wine tourism offerings. Promoting biodiversity, developing long-term business strategies and taking an open and honest approach towards employees are the most effective environmental, economic and social measures, respectively, for promoting sustainable wine tourism.

为了评估可持续性对葡萄酒旅游的影响及其个别措施,进行了一项国际混合方法研究。对24家生产商进行了定性调查,并对1580家酒庄进行了在线调查。目的是分析可持续发展的重要性,了解生产者的态度,并确定成功实施可持续葡萄酒旅游的具体例子。为了突出国际层面的差异,我们比较了11个国家的结果。研究结果表明,可持续性对酿酒厂至关重要,葡萄酒种植者将葡萄酒旅游视为使其业务更具可持续性的重要工具。调查还显示,葡萄酒种植者在可持续葡萄酒旅游产品方面仍有改进的潜力。促进生物多样性、制定长期商业战略以及对员工采取开放和诚实的态度,分别是促进可持续葡萄酒旅游最有效的环境、经济和社会措施。
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引用次数: 0
From Design, Affective Museum Image, Gender, and Previous Experience to Behavioral Intention: A Three-Way Interaction Model 从设计、情感博物馆形象、性别、先前经验到行为意向:一个三方互动模型
IF 5.7 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1002/jtr.70165
Feng Lin, Kisang Ryu, Yuxia Kong, Yueling Lin

The museum store industry has substantial growth potential. PLS-SEM is used in this study to examine how the design of museum blind boxes and the affective museum image influence behavioral intention. Gender as a moderator in the interactive effect of affective museum image and previous experience on perceived value is analyzed by employing Hayes PROCESS Macros and constructing a three-way interaction (gender × affective museum image × previous experience → perceived value). The results show that aesthetics and symbolism influence affective museum image, and symbolism predicts behavioral intention. These design components also affect perceived value via the affective museum image. The impact of an affective museum image on perceived value is stronger for females than for males for first-time purchasers. This relationship is stronger for male repeat purchasers than it is for male first-time purchasers. These findings have both theoretical and practical implications for museum products.

博物馆商店行业具有巨大的增长潜力。本研究采用PLS-SEM研究博物馆盲箱设计和博物馆情感形象对行为意向的影响。运用Hayes过程宏,构建了性别×情感博物馆形象×以往经验→感知价值的三向互动关系,分析了性别在情感博物馆形象与以往经验对感知价值的交互作用中的调节作用。结果表明,美学和象征主义影响情感博物馆形象,象征主义预测行为意向。这些设计成分也通过情感博物馆形象影响感知价值。对于首次购买博物馆的女性而言,情感博物馆形象对感知价值的影响强于男性。这种关系在男性重复购买者中比在男性首次购买者中更为明显。这些发现对博物馆产品具有理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 0
Dual Identities, Singular Journeys: How Working Tourists' Role Perception Shapes Place Attachment Through Memorable Tourism Experience 双重身份、单一旅程:职业游客角色感知如何通过难忘的旅游体验塑造地方依恋
IF 5.7 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1002/jtr.70199
Yelin Fang, Yunhan Li, Pingping Hou, Bing Hou

This paper reveals the memorable tourism experience of working tourists and its impact mechanism on place attachment and satisfaction. The impact of the memorable tourism experience on place attachment is moderated by the dual identities of working tourists. When working tourists identify themselves primarily as tourists, the influence of the memorable tourism experience on place attachment is relatively low. Conversely, when they identify themselves as wage earners, the influence is relatively high. Satisfaction partially mediates the impact of the memorable tourism experience on place attachment and is also moderated by dual identities. When working tourists consider themselves as tourists, satisfaction significantly mediates the influence. However, when they consider themselves as wage earners, satisfaction does not have a mediating effect. These findings substantially advance theoretical frameworks for working tourism while extending the applicability of memorable tourism experience concepts to working tourist populations.

本文揭示了工作旅游者难忘的旅游体验及其对地方依恋和满意度的影响机制。令人难忘的旅游体验对地方依恋的影响被工作旅游者的双重身份所调节。当工作旅游者以旅游者为主要身份时,可记忆性旅游体验对地方依恋的影响相对较低。相反,当他们认为自己是工薪阶层时,影响相对较高。满意度在令人难忘的旅游体验对地方依恋的影响中起部分中介作用,并受双重身份的调节作用。当职业旅游者认为自己是旅游者时,满意度显著中介影响。然而,当他们认为自己是工薪阶层时,满意度没有中介作用。这些发现大大推进了工作旅游的理论框架,同时将难忘旅游体验概念的适用性扩展到工作旅游人群。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing Behavioral Intentions Through Live Streaming in the Cultural and Creative Sector: A Scientific Inquiry Into Museum Streaming Experiences 通过文化创意领域的直播增强行为意向:对博物馆直播体验的科学探究
IF 5.7 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1002/jtr.70176
Juan Tang, Cevat Tosun, Xiaofang Li, Larry L. Yu, Qiaoyan Feng

Live streaming, particularly museum live streaming, has not yet been considered in tourism literature. Informed by stimulus-organism-response and flow theory, this study aimed to explore the interplay of interactivity, telepresence, and flow in driving the museum live streaming audience's online revisit intention, and we further go beyond by investigating whether onsite (re)visit intention can be predicted. A total of 353 usable questionnaires were collected from audience members who watched the live streaming of eight selected museums in China. The results showed that our proposed model exhibited high predictive power for the audience's online revisit and on-site revisit intention. There was a positive relationship between interactivity, telepresence, and flow, which emphasized their importance to the audience's revisit intention. The positive impact of the audience's online revisit intention also influenced their on-site visit intention. The theoretical and managerial implications were discussed.

在旅游文献中,还没有考虑到直播,尤其是博物馆直播。基于刺激-有机体-反应和流理论,本研究旨在探讨互动性、远程临场感和流在推动博物馆直播观众在线重访意愿中的相互作用,并进一步探讨现场(再)访问意愿是否可以预测。共收集了353份可用的问卷,这些问卷来自观看了中国八家选定博物馆直播的观众。结果表明,本文提出的模型对受众的在线回访和现场回访意愿具有较高的预测能力。互动性、临场感和心流之间存在正相关关系,这强调了它们对观众重访意图的重要性。观众在线回访意愿的正向影响也影响了他们的现场访问意愿。讨论了理论和管理意义。
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引用次数: 0
Seeing Is Believing: The Role of Visual Content in Shaping Tourist Engagement and Attachment 眼见为实:视觉内容在塑造游客参与和依恋中的作用
IF 5.7 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1002/jtr.70162
Shahid Rasool, Catherine Prentice, Muhammad Zeshan, Susan Zeidan

Despite the widespread use of user-generated content (UGC) in both research and practice, its role in shaping consumer responses within the tourism sector particularly in relation to tourism offerings remains underexplored. This study investigates the influence of UGC and destination attributes on customer engagement and place attachment, with a specific focus on rural tourism in emerging markets where access to technology is limited. A three-stage, time-lagged survey was conducted using systematic random sampling to ensure representativeness. Various statistical techniques were applied to analyze the data. The findings reveal that UGC attributes significantly affect tourists' engagement and attachment, with certain dimensions exerting stronger influence than others. Notably, tourist engagement is closely linked to their access to UGC, including social media content. This research provides valuable insights for tourism practitioners seeking to enhance customer engagement and place attachment through strategic content creation and consumption in the digital era.

尽管在研究和实践中广泛使用用户生成内容(UGC),但其在塑造旅游部门消费者反应方面的作用,特别是在旅游产品方面的作用,仍未得到充分探索。本研究调查了用户原创内容和目的地属性对客户参与度和地点依恋的影响,并特别关注了新兴市场的乡村旅游,这些市场获得技术的机会有限。为确保代表性,采用系统随机抽样的方式进行了三阶段、滞后的调查。应用了各种统计技术来分析数据。研究发现,UGC属性显著影响游客的参与和依恋,其中某些维度的影响强于其他维度。值得注意的是,游客的参与度与他们访问UGC(包括社交媒体内容)密切相关。该研究为寻求通过数字时代的战略性内容创作和消费来提高客户参与度和地方依恋的旅游从业者提供了有价值的见解。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Tourism Research
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