Pub Date : 2022-09-04DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2117241
H. A. Vu, Luis M. Rivera
ABSTRACT Self-compassion, rooted in common humanity, self-kindness, and mindfulness, is an adaptive self-concept that assuages defensiveness to self-image threats. We hypothesized that self-compassion would buffer the need to express negative intergroup attitudes and that this relation would be explained by compassion for others. In a preregistered study, participants (N = 163) with stronger self-compassion rooted in common humanity, but not self-kindness or mindfulness, expressed less negative attitudes toward outgroups than those with lower self-compassion rooted in common humanity. Moreover, this relation persisted even after controlling for self-esteem, a construct related to but distinct from self-compassion. Finally, compassion for others mediated the relation between self-compassion and intergroup attitudes. These findings support the positive and unique role of individual-level self-compassion in intergroup relations.
{"title":"Self-compassion and negative outgroup attitudes: The mediating role of compassion for others","authors":"H. A. Vu, Luis M. Rivera","doi":"10.1080/15298868.2022.2117241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2022.2117241","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Self-compassion, rooted in common humanity, self-kindness, and mindfulness, is an adaptive self-concept that assuages defensiveness to self-image threats. We hypothesized that self-compassion would buffer the need to express negative intergroup attitudes and that this relation would be explained by compassion for others. In a preregistered study, participants (N = 163) with stronger self-compassion rooted in common humanity, but not self-kindness or mindfulness, expressed less negative attitudes toward outgroups than those with lower self-compassion rooted in common humanity. Moreover, this relation persisted even after controlling for self-esteem, a construct related to but distinct from self-compassion. Finally, compassion for others mediated the relation between self-compassion and intergroup attitudes. These findings support the positive and unique role of individual-level self-compassion in intergroup relations.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":"22 1","pages":"470 - 485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44546780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2113124
Katharina Block, Audrey E. Aday, William Hall, T. Schmader
ABSTRACT Can a politician cue national identity and fit? Given that Trump’s rhetoric often signaled the devaluation of certain groups, we examined this across three pre-registered studies . In Study1 (2017), targets of Trump’s rhetoric reported less social fit, greater social identity threat, and expected increased discrimination . In Study2 (2017), marginalized targets reported less fit and American identification as well as greater threat and discrimination when anticipating Trump(vs. Obama). Study3, conducted during the 2020 election, revealed that racialized participants felt greater fit and American identification after (vs. before) Biden’s victory , but effects of Trump’s presidency on expected discrimination had not reversed. These findings suggest that a divisive leader can induce feelings of devaluation, threat, and national detachment.
{"title":"Making America great for whom?: How Trump’s Presidency affected fit and national identity among targets of bias","authors":"Katharina Block, Audrey E. Aday, William Hall, T. Schmader","doi":"10.1080/15298868.2022.2113124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2022.2113124","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Can a politician cue national identity and fit? Given that Trump’s rhetoric often signaled the devaluation of certain groups, we examined this across three pre-registered studies . In Study1 (2017), targets of Trump’s rhetoric reported less social fit, greater social identity threat, and expected increased discrimination . In Study2 (2017), marginalized targets reported less fit and American identification as well as greater threat and discrimination when anticipating Trump(vs. Obama). Study3, conducted during the 2020 election, revealed that racialized participants felt greater fit and American identification after (vs. before) Biden’s victory , but effects of Trump’s presidency on expected discrimination had not reversed. These findings suggest that a divisive leader can induce feelings of devaluation, threat, and national detachment.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":"22 1","pages":"435 - 469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43878213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-29DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2117733
S. Ketay, Lindsey A. Beck, Juli Dajci
ABSTRACT The present study investigated links between self-compassion and responses to social stress. Participants (N = 102) were randomly assigned to a self-compassion training or a comparison condition and engaged in the Trier Social Stress Test for Groups (TSST-G). Measures of trait self-compassion, subjective perceptions of stress, and salivary cortisol were collected. Participants with higher trait self-compassion had significantly lower subjective and cortisol responses to stress during the TSST-G than did participants with lower trait self-compassion. Participants in the self-compassion training condition did not have significantly lower responses to stress. Results suggest that trait self-compassion is linked with subjective and physiological responses to a social-evaluative stressor. Implications for trait self-compassion and self-compassion training on subjective and physiological responses to stress are discussed.
{"title":"Self-compassion and social stress: Links with subjective stress and cortisol responses","authors":"S. Ketay, Lindsey A. Beck, Juli Dajci","doi":"10.1080/15298868.2022.2117733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2022.2117733","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present study investigated links between self-compassion and responses to social stress. Participants (N = 102) were randomly assigned to a self-compassion training or a comparison condition and engaged in the Trier Social Stress Test for Groups (TSST-G). Measures of trait self-compassion, subjective perceptions of stress, and salivary cortisol were collected. Participants with higher trait self-compassion had significantly lower subjective and cortisol responses to stress during the TSST-G than did participants with lower trait self-compassion. Participants in the self-compassion training condition did not have significantly lower responses to stress. Results suggest that trait self-compassion is linked with subjective and physiological responses to a social-evaluative stressor. Implications for trait self-compassion and self-compassion training on subjective and physiological responses to stress are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":"22 1","pages":"486 - 505"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47211404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2111341
Jonathan M Gallegos, Karen Gasper, Nathaniel E. C. Schermerhorn
ABSTRACT Four experiments tested the hypothesis that meeting someone new who is boring would result in people feeling superior to the boring individual, which would then result in people viewing themselves as better than others and increased confidence. Respondents reported greater feelings of superiority, meaninglessness, and difficulty paying attention when they wrote about meeting a new, boring individual than a new or manipulative individual. Feeling superior, but not meaninglessness and attention, mediated the effect of interpersonal boredom on viewing oneself as better than others, but not on confidence. These finding did not occur when people wrote about a boring task or a disliked, manipulative individual. The experiments elucidate how interpersonal boredom, albeit a negative experience, can enhance people’s sense of self.
{"title":"Bored and better: Interpersonal boredom results in people feeling not only superior to the boring individual, but also to others","authors":"Jonathan M Gallegos, Karen Gasper, Nathaniel E. C. Schermerhorn","doi":"10.1080/15298868.2022.2111341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2022.2111341","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Four experiments tested the hypothesis that meeting someone new who is boring would result in people feeling superior to the boring individual, which would then result in people viewing themselves as better than others and increased confidence. Respondents reported greater feelings of superiority, meaninglessness, and difficulty paying attention when they wrote about meeting a new, boring individual than a new or manipulative individual. Feeling superior, but not meaninglessness and attention, mediated the effect of interpersonal boredom on viewing oneself as better than others, but not on confidence. These finding did not occur when people wrote about a boring task or a disliked, manipulative individual. The experiments elucidate how interpersonal boredom, albeit a negative experience, can enhance people’s sense of self.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":"22 1","pages":"408 - 434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46407287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-02DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2104363
D. Bailis, Alanna Single, Nicolas J. Brais, Benjamin J. I. Schellenberg
ABSTRACT Although self-compassion is adaptive in coping with past mistakes, few studies have examined its relationship to future risks. In gambling, self-compassion toward possible losses could lead to greater or lesser risk-taking, and the direction of this relationship could depend on the presence of problem gambling. Across 3 laboratory studies, using multi-level modeling, this research tested how self-compassion relates to the progression of risk-taking in gambling games, and whether problem gambling severity moderates this relationship. Results showed that self-compassion has little relationship to gambling decisions by those with no signs of problem gambling already, and that higher self-compassion is associated with more risk-taking by those with any prior signs. The findings reveal a complex relationship of self-compassion to risk and well-being.
{"title":"Going for broke: Self-compassion, risky decision-making, and differences in problem gambling severity among undergraduates","authors":"D. Bailis, Alanna Single, Nicolas J. Brais, Benjamin J. I. Schellenberg","doi":"10.1080/15298868.2022.2104363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2022.2104363","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although self-compassion is adaptive in coping with past mistakes, few studies have examined its relationship to future risks. In gambling, self-compassion toward possible losses could lead to greater or lesser risk-taking, and the direction of this relationship could depend on the presence of problem gambling. Across 3 laboratory studies, using multi-level modeling, this research tested how self-compassion relates to the progression of risk-taking in gambling games, and whether problem gambling severity moderates this relationship. Results showed that self-compassion has little relationship to gambling decisions by those with no signs of problem gambling already, and that higher self-compassion is associated with more risk-taking by those with any prior signs. The findings reveal a complex relationship of self-compassion to risk and well-being.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":"22 1","pages":"379 - 407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49592328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-19DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2099455
P. Harris, Alice Richards, R. Bond
ABSTRACT In two online studies, we test whether spontaneous self-affirmation (measured by the Spontaneous Self-Affirmation Measure, SSAM) predicts better mental health and coping and the role that self-esteem and dispositional optimism play in these relationships. Study 1 (N = 110) was cross-sectional. In study 2 (N = 192) we collected the mental health measures one month post-baseline. Consistent with pre-registered hypotheses, the SSAM predicted less anxiety, depression and avoidant coping, and greater wellbeing and non-avoidant coping; however, relationships involving self-esteem and optimism varied with the reported source of self-affirmation measured by the SSAM (strengths, values, social relations). Overall, the findings are generally consistent with the hypothesis that spontaneous self-affirmation tends to function as a resource that fosters positive coping with threats.
{"title":"Individual differences in spontaneous self-affirmation and mental health: relationships with self-esteem, dispositional optimism and coping","authors":"P. Harris, Alice Richards, R. Bond","doi":"10.1080/15298868.2022.2099455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2022.2099455","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In two online studies, we test whether spontaneous self-affirmation (measured by the Spontaneous Self-Affirmation Measure, SSAM) predicts better mental health and coping and the role that self-esteem and dispositional optimism play in these relationships. Study 1 (N = 110) was cross-sectional. In study 2 (N = 192) we collected the mental health measures one month post-baseline. Consistent with pre-registered hypotheses, the SSAM predicted less anxiety, depression and avoidant coping, and greater wellbeing and non-avoidant coping; however, relationships involving self-esteem and optimism varied with the reported source of self-affirmation measured by the SSAM (strengths, values, social relations). Overall, the findings are generally consistent with the hypothesis that spontaneous self-affirmation tends to function as a resource that fosters positive coping with threats.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":"22 1","pages":"351 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42594903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-19DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2099454
J. Monéger, A. Chatard, L. Selimbegović
ABSTRACT Self-focus has been shown to induce negative thoughts and affects. We hypothesized that individual differences in sense of entrapment moderate the effects of self-focus on failure- and escape-thought accessibility. Participants (N = 150) were briefly primed with their first names or a random string of letters (33 ms), before completing a lexical decision task with words related to success, failure and escape, as well as neutral words. Compared to the control condition, first name priming facilitated identification of failure-related words, and this effect was moderated by self-reported feelings of entrapment. A similar, although marginal, facilitation of name priming was also observed for escape-related words. Sense of entrapment appears to be a vulnerability factor to the negative effects of self-focus.
{"title":"The defeated self: Evidence that entrapment moderates first name priming effects on failure-thought accessibility","authors":"J. Monéger, A. Chatard, L. Selimbegović","doi":"10.1080/15298868.2022.2099454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2022.2099454","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Self-focus has been shown to induce negative thoughts and affects. We hypothesized that individual differences in sense of entrapment moderate the effects of self-focus on failure- and escape-thought accessibility. Participants (N = 150) were briefly primed with their first names or a random string of letters (33 ms), before completing a lexical decision task with words related to success, failure and escape, as well as neutral words. Compared to the control condition, first name priming facilitated identification of failure-related words, and this effect was moderated by self-reported feelings of entrapment. A similar, although marginal, facilitation of name priming was also observed for escape-related words. Sense of entrapment appears to be a vulnerability factor to the negative effects of self-focus.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":"22 1","pages":"333 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43281019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-23DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2091016
Clare Midgley, P. Lockwood, L. Balasubramaniam, Adira Daniel, Lisa Y. Hu
ABSTRACT In two studies (N = 488), we examined whether negative effects of sibling comparisons are exaggerated among individuals whose self-worth is contingent on parental approval. In Study 1, participants who made spontaneous references to parents (35%) when describing a time they were outperformed by a sibling (i.e., made an upward comparion) also recalled more negative effects of these comparisons on their self-evaluations. In Study 2, participants with higher parental-contingent self-worth reported lower self-evaluations after recalling an upward comparison to a sibling, but not after recalling a downward comparison. These results suggest preoccupation with parental regard plays an important role in social comparison processes between siblings and can exacerbate the negative outcomes of threatening upward sibling comparisons on the self.
{"title":"“Mom always liked you best!”: Concern for parental regard in sibling comparisons","authors":"Clare Midgley, P. Lockwood, L. Balasubramaniam, Adira Daniel, Lisa Y. Hu","doi":"10.1080/15298868.2022.2091016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2022.2091016","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In two studies (N = 488), we examined whether negative effects of sibling comparisons are exaggerated among individuals whose self-worth is contingent on parental approval. In Study 1, participants who made spontaneous references to parents (35%) when describing a time they were outperformed by a sibling (i.e., made an upward comparion) also recalled more negative effects of these comparisons on their self-evaluations. In Study 2, participants with higher parental-contingent self-worth reported lower self-evaluations after recalling an upward comparison to a sibling, but not after recalling a downward comparison. These results suggest preoccupation with parental regard plays an important role in social comparison processes between siblings and can exacerbate the negative outcomes of threatening upward sibling comparisons on the self.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":"22 1","pages":"276 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41512835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-21DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2091656
Virgil Zeigler‐Hill, Jennifer K. Vrabel
ABSTRACT Although different aspects of narcissism share certain similarities, it is believed that they may differ with regard to the domains upon which feelings of self-worth are based. To explore this possibility, the present research examined the associations that narcissistic personality features had with domain-specific contingencies of self-worth. Across five studies (N = 846/751/1,055/471/257), the assertive/extraverted, antagonistic/disagreeable, and vulnerable/neurotic aspects of narcissism had similar associations with the competition-based contingency. However, these aspects of narcissism diverged in their associations with other contingencies of self-worth. The pattern that emerged for vulnerable/neurotic narcissism suggested that it was characterized by a broad desire to please others in order to receive external validation. In contrast, the results for the assertive/extraverted and antagonistic/disagreeable aspects of narcissism were more complex and suggested that these aspects of narcissism were characterized by the desire to demonstrate superiority over others. Communal narcissism was included in Study 5 and its pattern of associations with the contingencies of self-worth was similar to the results for assertive/extraverted narcissism. These results demonstrate the similarities and important differences between narcissistic personality features with regard to contingencies of self-worth. Discussion will focus on the implications of these results for understanding the foundations of narcissistic self-esteem.
{"title":"Narcissistic personality features and contingencies of self-worth: What are the foundations of narcissistic self-esteem?","authors":"Virgil Zeigler‐Hill, Jennifer K. Vrabel","doi":"10.1080/15298868.2022.2091656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2022.2091656","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although different aspects of narcissism share certain similarities, it is believed that they may differ with regard to the domains upon which feelings of self-worth are based. To explore this possibility, the present research examined the associations that narcissistic personality features had with domain-specific contingencies of self-worth. Across five studies (N = 846/751/1,055/471/257), the assertive/extraverted, antagonistic/disagreeable, and vulnerable/neurotic aspects of narcissism had similar associations with the competition-based contingency. However, these aspects of narcissism diverged in their associations with other contingencies of self-worth. The pattern that emerged for vulnerable/neurotic narcissism suggested that it was characterized by a broad desire to please others in order to receive external validation. In contrast, the results for the assertive/extraverted and antagonistic/disagreeable aspects of narcissism were more complex and suggested that these aspects of narcissism were characterized by the desire to demonstrate superiority over others. Communal narcissism was included in Study 5 and its pattern of associations with the contingencies of self-worth was similar to the results for assertive/extraverted narcissism. These results demonstrate the similarities and important differences between narcissistic personality features with regard to contingencies of self-worth. Discussion will focus on the implications of these results for understanding the foundations of narcissistic self-esteem.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":"22 1","pages":"294 - 331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44905069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2079711
D. Jessop, P. Harris, Timothy Gibbons
ABSTRACT The present research examines the relationship between individual differences in the extent to which people report self-affirming when faced with a threat (spontaneous self-affirmation) and well-being. Across three studies (total N = 515), spontaneous self-affirmation consistently emerged as a significant linear predictor of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being outcomes, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. A self-affirmation manipulation eliminated this association for two indices of well-being, primarily by boosting the well-being scores of those lower in spontaneous self-affirmation. Furthermore, spontaneous self-affirmation was found to partially mediate associations between socioeconomic status and well-being. These findings highlight individual differences in spontaneous self-affirmation as a potentially important contributor to well-being and suggest that consideration of spontaneous self-affirmation might further our understanding of the relationship between socioeconomic status and well-being.
{"title":"Individual differences in spontaneous self-affirmation predict well-being","authors":"D. Jessop, P. Harris, Timothy Gibbons","doi":"10.1080/15298868.2022.2079711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2022.2079711","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present research examines the relationship between individual differences in the extent to which people report self-affirming when faced with a threat (spontaneous self-affirmation) and well-being. Across three studies (total N = 515), spontaneous self-affirmation consistently emerged as a significant linear predictor of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being outcomes, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. A self-affirmation manipulation eliminated this association for two indices of well-being, primarily by boosting the well-being scores of those lower in spontaneous self-affirmation. Furthermore, spontaneous self-affirmation was found to partially mediate associations between socioeconomic status and well-being. These findings highlight individual differences in spontaneous self-affirmation as a potentially important contributor to well-being and suggest that consideration of spontaneous self-affirmation might further our understanding of the relationship between socioeconomic status and well-being.","PeriodicalId":51426,"journal":{"name":"Self and Identity","volume":"22 1","pages":"247 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47297663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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