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The defeated self: Evidence that entrapment moderates first name priming effects on failure-thought accessibility 失败的自我:陷阱调节名字启动效应对失败思想可及性的影响的证据
IF 2 4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-07-19 DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2099454
J. Monéger, A. Chatard, L. Selimbegović
ABSTRACT Self-focus has been shown to induce negative thoughts and affects. We hypothesized that individual differences in sense of entrapment moderate the effects of self-focus on failure- and escape-thought accessibility. Participants (N = 150) were briefly primed with their first names or a random string of letters (33 ms), before completing a lexical decision task with words related to success, failure and escape, as well as neutral words. Compared to the control condition, first name priming facilitated identification of failure-related words, and this effect was moderated by self-reported feelings of entrapment. A similar, although marginal, facilitation of name priming was also observed for escape-related words. Sense of entrapment appears to be a vulnerability factor to the negative effects of self-focus.
自我关注已被证明会诱发消极的想法和情绪。我们假设,困住感的个体差异调节了自我关注对失败和逃避思想可及性的影响。参与者(N = 150)在完成一项包含成功、失败和逃脱相关词汇以及中性词汇的词汇决策任务之前,先被简短地提示他们的名字或随机的一串字母(33毫秒)。与对照组相比,名字启动促进了失败相关词汇的识别,这种效应被自我报告的困住感所缓和。对于逃避相关的单词,也观察到类似的名称启动促进作用。陷阱感似乎是自我关注负面影响的一个脆弱因素。
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引用次数: 1
“Mom always liked you best!”: Concern for parental regard in sibling comparisons “妈妈总是最喜欢你!”:兄弟姐妹比较中对父母关怀的关注
IF 2 4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-06-23 DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2091016
Clare Midgley, P. Lockwood, L. Balasubramaniam, Adira Daniel, Lisa Y. Hu
ABSTRACT In two studies (N = 488), we examined whether negative effects of sibling comparisons are exaggerated among individuals whose self-worth is contingent on parental approval. In Study 1, participants who made spontaneous references to parents (35%) when describing a time they were outperformed by a sibling (i.e., made an upward comparion) also recalled more negative effects of these comparisons on their self-evaluations. In Study 2, participants with higher parental-contingent self-worth reported lower self-evaluations after recalling an upward comparison to a sibling, but not after recalling a downward comparison. These results suggest preoccupation with parental regard plays an important role in social comparison processes between siblings and can exacerbate the negative outcomes of threatening upward sibling comparisons on the self.
在两项研究(N = 488)中,我们研究了兄弟姐妹比较的负面影响是否在自我价值取决于父母认可的个体中被夸大。在研究1中,在描述自己被兄弟姐妹超越的经历(即向上比较)时,自发提到父母的参与者(35%)也会回忆起这些比较对他们自我评价的更多负面影响。在研究2中,具有较高父母情境自我价值感的参与者在回忆与兄弟姐妹的向上比较后报告了较低的自我评价,但在回忆与兄弟姐妹的向下比较后则没有。这些结果表明,父母的关注在兄弟姐妹之间的社会比较过程中起着重要作用,并可能加剧具有威胁性的兄弟姐妹向上比较对自我的负面结果。
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引用次数: 0
Narcissistic personality features and contingencies of self-worth: What are the foundations of narcissistic self-esteem? 自恋型人格特征与自我价值的偶然性:自恋型自尊的基础是什么?
IF 2 4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-06-21 DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2091656
Virgil Zeigler‐Hill, Jennifer K. Vrabel
ABSTRACT Although different aspects of narcissism share certain similarities, it is believed that they may differ with regard to the domains upon which feelings of self-worth are based. To explore this possibility, the present research examined the associations that narcissistic personality features had with domain-specific contingencies of self-worth. Across five studies (N = 846/751/1,055/471/257), the assertive/extraverted, antagonistic/disagreeable, and vulnerable/neurotic aspects of narcissism had similar associations with the competition-based contingency. However, these aspects of narcissism diverged in their associations with other contingencies of self-worth. The pattern that emerged for vulnerable/neurotic narcissism suggested that it was characterized by a broad desire to please others in order to receive external validation. In contrast, the results for the assertive/extraverted and antagonistic/disagreeable aspects of narcissism were more complex and suggested that these aspects of narcissism were characterized by the desire to demonstrate superiority over others. Communal narcissism was included in Study 5 and its pattern of associations with the contingencies of self-worth was similar to the results for assertive/extraverted narcissism. These results demonstrate the similarities and important differences between narcissistic personality features with regard to contingencies of self-worth. Discussion will focus on the implications of these results for understanding the foundations of narcissistic self-esteem.
尽管自恋的不同方面有某些相似之处,但人们认为,它们在自我价值感所基于的领域方面可能有所不同。为了探索这种可能性,本研究考察了自恋人格特征与特定领域的自我价值偶然性之间的联系。在五项研究中(N = 846/751/1,055/471/257),自恋的自信/外向、敌对/不愉快、脆弱/神经质方面与基于竞争的偶然性有着相似的联系。然而,自恋的这些方面在与其他偶发的自我价值的联系中出现了分歧。脆弱/神经质自恋的模式表明,它的特点是为了获得外部认可而取悦他人的广泛愿望。相比之下,自恋的自信/外向和敌对/不愉快方面的结果更为复杂,这表明这些方面的自恋以表现出比他人优越的欲望为特征。研究5中包含了集体自恋,其与自我价值随变的关联模式与自信型/外向型自恋的结果相似。这些结果证明了自恋人格特征在自我价值偶然性方面的相似性和重要差异。讨论将集中在这些结果对理解自恋型自尊的基础的影响上。
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引用次数: 2
Individual differences in spontaneous self-affirmation predict well-being 自发自我肯定的个体差异预测幸福感
IF 2 4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2079711
D. Jessop, P. Harris, Timothy Gibbons
ABSTRACT The present research examines the relationship between individual differences in the extent to which people report self-affirming when faced with a threat (spontaneous self-affirmation) and well-being. Across three studies (total N = 515), spontaneous self-affirmation consistently emerged as a significant linear predictor of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being outcomes, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. A self-affirmation manipulation eliminated this association for two indices of well-being, primarily by boosting the well-being scores of those lower in spontaneous self-affirmation. Furthermore, spontaneous self-affirmation was found to partially mediate associations between socioeconomic status and well-being. These findings highlight individual differences in spontaneous self-affirmation as a potentially important contributor to well-being and suggest that consideration of spontaneous self-affirmation might further our understanding of the relationship between socioeconomic status and well-being.
摘要本研究考察了人们在面对威胁(自发自我肯定)时报告自我肯定程度的个体差异与幸福感之间的关系。在三项研究中(总N=515),自发的自我肯定在横截面和纵向上始终是快乐和幸福结果的重要线性预测因子。自我肯定操作消除了两个幸福指数之间的联系,主要是通过提高自发自我肯定水平较低的人的幸福感得分。此外,自发的自我肯定被发现在一定程度上介导了社会经济地位和幸福感之间的联系。这些发现强调了自发自我肯定作为幸福感潜在重要贡献者的个体差异,并表明考虑自发自我肯定可能会进一步加深我们对社会经济地位和幸福感之间关系的理解。
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引用次数: 1
Improvements in self-compassion after an online program for adults with celiac disease: Findings from the POWER-C study 对患有乳糜泻的成人进行在线项目后自我同情的改善:POWER-C研究的结果
IF 2 4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-05-28 DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2074091
A. J. Dowd, Karen T. Y. Tang, Michelle Y. Chen, M. Jung, A. Mosewich, Lori A. Welstead, S. Culos-Reed
ABSTRACT Part 1 involved pilot testing two programs for people with celiac disease (self-regulation, SR; or SR plus self-compassion, SR+SC). Results from focus groups revealed participants wanted more and tailored content, and new content bi-weekly versus weekly. In Part 2, we assessed the feasibility of delivering the programs online and the effects of the programs on behavioural and psychological outcomes. All participants reported significant improvements on adherence to a gluten-free diet, quality of life, self-regulatory efficacy (SRE) and concurrent SRE. The SR+SC group reported significant improvements in self-compassion and medium effect size reductions in anxiety and depression. Findings from this study can be used to inform guidelines for strategies to help people to effectively manage and cope with celiac disease.
第一部分是针对乳糜泻患者的两个试点项目(自我调节,SR;或者SR+自我同情,SR+SC)。焦点小组的结果显示,参与者想要更多定制的内容,每两周更新一次内容,而不是每周更新一次。在第二部分中,我们评估了在线提供课程的可行性以及课程对行为和心理结果的影响。所有参与者都报告了在坚持无麸质饮食、生活质量、自我调节功效(SRE)和并发SRE方面的显著改善。SR+SC组报告了自我同情的显著改善,焦虑和抑郁的中等效应量减少。这项研究的结果可以用于指导策略,帮助人们有效地管理和应对乳糜泻。
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引用次数: 0
Expanding me, loving us: self-expansion preferences, experiences, and romantic relationship commitment 扩展自我,爱我们:自我扩展的偏好、经历和浪漫关系的承诺
IF 2 4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-05-19 DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2074092
Erin K. Hughes, Erica B. Slotter, L. Emery
ABSTRACT Self-expansion is a process through which people increase the size of their self-concept by incorporating novel content into their sense of identity. Greater self-expansion predicts positive outcomes for individuals and romantic relationships. However, there are individual differences in the motivation to self-expand. In the present research, we predicted that the experience of relational self-expansion would be associated with relationship commitment most strongly for people who were more motivated to self-expand. We found support for this hypothesis across three studies (total N = 686), with an online sample of individuals in relationships and two dyadic samples, using both cross-sectional and longitudinal methods. This research suggests that those who are motivated by personal self-expansion and experience self-expansion in their relationships are especially romantically committed.
摘要自我扩展是指人们通过将新颖的内容融入身份感来扩大自我概念的过程。更大的自我膨胀预示着个人和浪漫关系的积极结果。然而,在自我扩展的动机上存在个体差异。在目前的研究中,我们预测,对于更有动力进行自我扩展的人来说,关系自我扩展的体验将与关系承诺联系最紧密。我们在三项研究中发现了对这一假设的支持(总N=686),其中包括一个恋爱关系中的在线样本和两个二元样本,使用了横截面和纵向方法。这项研究表明,那些受个人自我膨胀和在人际关系中经历自我膨胀的人尤其浪漫。
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引用次数: 0
Incorporating physical appearance into one’s sense of self: Self-concept clarity, thin-ideal internalization, and appearance-self integration 将外表融入自我意识:自我概念清晰、瘦理想内化、外表自我整合
IF 2 4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-04-25 DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2070538
L. Vartanian, L. Hayward, J. J. Carter
ABSTRACT We tested the hypothesis that individuals who lack a clear sense of their own identity incorporate their physical appearance into their sense of self. Study 1 (162 female students; 262 female community members) found that individuals low in self-concept clarity were more likely to consider their physical appearance an important part of their personal identity. Study 2 (278 female community members) and Study 3 (289 female community members) showed that the connection between low self-concept clarity and the tendency to define one’s identity in terms of one’s appearance was explained by thin-ideal internalization. Results are discussed in the context of the potential negative consequences, such as body dissatisfaction, that can come from defining one’s self in terms of one’s appearance.
摘要我们检验了一个假设,即缺乏明确自我认同感的人会将自己的外表融入自我意识。研究1(162名女学生;262名女性社区成员)发现,自我概念清晰度低的人更有可能认为自己的外表是个人身份的重要组成部分。研究2(278名女性社区成员)和研究3(289名女性社区会员)表明,自我概念清晰度低与倾向于根据外表来定义自己的身份之间的联系可以用稀疏的理想内化来解释。结果是在潜在的负面后果的背景下讨论的,比如身体不满意,这可能来自于根据外表来定义自己。
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引用次数: 5
Multiple identities juggling game: types of identity integration and their outcomes 多重身份杂耍游戏:身份整合类型及其结果
IF 2 4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-04-20 DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2067222
C. Manzi, V. Benet‐Martínez
ABSTRACT In order to analyze how individuals socialized into multiple cultures integrate their different socio-cultural belongings, Benet-Martinez and colleagues introduced the construct of Bicultural Identity Integration. More recently, this construct has been applied to the study of identity dynamics beyond ethnicity under the more general rubric of Identity Integration (II), and with the goal of examining how other types of self-aspects intersect with each other. This Special Issue showcases current work on II and illustrates how this approach has become an effective theoretical tool to study identity processes in different social contexts. The multiplicity of methodologies used, the differing participants’ backgrounds, and the various identity domains explored, confirm that the II framework is useful to understand the complexity of multiple identifications.
摘要为了分析社会化为多种文化的个体如何整合其不同的社会文化财产,Benet Martinez及其同事引入了双文化身份整合的概念。最近,这一结构已被应用于在更普遍的身份整合(II)标题下研究种族之外的身份动态,目的是研究其他类型的自我方面如何相互交叉。本期特刊展示了当前关于身份识别的研究,并说明了这种方法如何成为研究不同社会背景下身份识别过程的有效理论工具。所使用的方法的多样性、参与者的不同背景以及所探索的各种身份领域都证实,第二框架有助于理解多重身份的复杂性。
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引用次数: 3
Personal identity, somatic symptoms, and symptom-related thoughts, feelings, and behaviors: Exploring associations and mechanisms in adolescents and emerging adults 个人身份、躯体症状以及与症状相关的思想、感受和行为:探索青少年和新兴成年人的关联和机制
IF 2 4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-04-12 DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2063371
Leni Raemen, L. Claes, M. Verschueren, L. Van Oudenhove, Sarah Vandekerkhof, Ine Triangle, K. Luyckx
ABSTRACT The present paper includes two studies examining how identity functioning is related to (psychological characteristics of) somatic symptoms. Study 1 examined associations between identity and somatic symptoms, whereas Study 2 additionally examined associations between identity and psychological characteristics of somatic symptoms and investigated the mediating role of anxiety and depressive symptoms in the association between identity disturbance and (psychological characteristics of) somatic symptoms. The total sample consisted of adolescents and emerging adults aged 14–30, including 686 and 663 participants for Study 1 and 2, respectively. In both studies, youth in troubled diffusion reported the most (psychological characteristics of) somatic symptoms. Finally, significant indirect effects from identity disturbance to (psychological characteristics of) somatic symptoms through anxiety and depressive symptoms were found.
本文包括两项研究,探讨身份功能如何与躯体症状(心理特征)相关。研究1检验了身份认同与躯体症状之间的关联,而研究2则进一步检验了身份认同与躯体症状心理特征之间的关联,并调查了焦虑和抑郁症状在身份认同障碍与躯体症状(心理特征)之间的关联中的中介作用。总样本由14-30岁的青少年和初成人组成,研究1和研究2分别包括686名和663名参与者。在这两项研究中,青少年在问题扩散中报告了最多的躯体症状(心理特征)。最后发现身份障碍通过焦虑和抑郁症状对躯体症状(心理特征)有显著的间接影响。
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引用次数: 3
A leadership looking glass: How reflected appraisals of leadership shape individuals’ own perceived prototypicality and group identification 领导力观察镜:对领导力的评价如何塑造个人感知到的原型性和群体认同
IF 2 4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2057580
C. Begeny, Yuen J. Huo, Michelle K. Ryan
ABSTRACT Research on social identity and leadership rarely examines leadership processes from the perspective of leaders themselves. Three studies (experimental, longitudinal, cross-sectional) help fill this gap. Integrating social identity principles with a reflected appraisals perspective, we demonstrate that as individuals come to see themselves as (informal) leaders in a group, it positively affects their own sense of fit to the group prototype. Their own perceived prototypicality, in turn, yields a strengthened attachment to the group (identification). Importantly, we demonstrate this in racial and ethnic minority groups – an understudied context, yet where individuals develop meaningful conceptions of leadership and identification, with implications for their health and commitment to collective action. Altogether, this provides insights on social identity processes, and minority group leadership.
社会认同与领导力的研究很少从领导者自身的角度考察领导过程。三项研究(实验性、纵向、横断面)有助于填补这一空白。将社会认同原则与反映的评价观点相结合,我们证明,当个体将自己视为群体中的(非正式)领导者时,它会积极影响他们自己对群体原型的契合感。他们自己感知到的原型,反过来又产生了对群体的强化依恋(认同)。重要的是,我们在种族和少数民族群体中证明了这一点——这是一个尚未得到充分研究的背景,但个人对领导和认同形成了有意义的概念,对他们的健康和对集体行动的承诺产生了影响。总之,这提供了对社会认同过程和少数群体领导的见解。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Self and Identity
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