Samuel K M Agblorti, Abis Getachew, Jana Kuhnt, Abdirahman A Muhumad
Abstract The ever-increasing protracted refugee situations globally have put local integration of refugees into hosting societies high on the international agenda. While recent international frameworks have called for a deeper integration of refugees through the mainstreaming of refugee service provision into national service provision systems, little attention has been paid to the structures and arrangements—the so-called opportunity structures—specifically to how these can either promote or impede integration into host countries. We focus on the mode of social service provision to refugees and how this shapes the context of refugee integration in Ghana and Ethiopia taking into account the implications for structural and relational integration of refugees. We hold the view that mainstreaming service provision to refugees in camps into national systems does not necessarily lead to better refugee integration outcomes. Differences in the quality-of-service provision between humanitarian actors and hosting countries have the potential to determine integration outcomes.
{"title":"Context Matters: The Implications of the Mode of Service Provision for Structural and Relational Integration of Refugees in Ghana and Ethiopia","authors":"Samuel K M Agblorti, Abis Getachew, Jana Kuhnt, Abdirahman A Muhumad","doi":"10.1093/jrs/fead080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fead080","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The ever-increasing protracted refugee situations globally have put local integration of refugees into hosting societies high on the international agenda. While recent international frameworks have called for a deeper integration of refugees through the mainstreaming of refugee service provision into national service provision systems, little attention has been paid to the structures and arrangements—the so-called opportunity structures—specifically to how these can either promote or impede integration into host countries. We focus on the mode of social service provision to refugees and how this shapes the context of refugee integration in Ghana and Ethiopia taking into account the implications for structural and relational integration of refugees. We hold the view that mainstreaming service provision to refugees in camps into national systems does not necessarily lead to better refugee integration outcomes. Differences in the quality-of-service provision between humanitarian actors and hosting countries have the potential to determine integration outcomes.","PeriodicalId":51464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Refugee Studies","volume":"280 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136232431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract States bear the responsibility for the protection of people displaced internally by conflict and other causes. Though widely recognized, there is little research on how the state shares that responsibility between different levels of government. Colombia serves as a useful case for examining the evolving coordination between national and local governments. I conduct a thematic analysis of its 2015 Strategy of Co-responsibility regulating emergency humanitarian assistance. I argue that the Strategy represents a delicate compromise between enforcing minimum standards and respecting local autonomy. This means the System largely reaffirms existing vertical power relations, while also creating incentives for horizontal multilevel governance. The article explores the Strategy’s use of the language of ‘co-responsibility’, a technocratic action-planning process, and capacity-building initiatives. I propose frameworks from the literature on the multilevel governance of migration to identify the conditions for coordination between levels to emerge, bridging multilevel governance literature with forced migration literature.
{"title":"Multilevel Governance ‘from Above’: Analysing Colombia’s System of Co-Responsibility for Responding to Internal Displacement","authors":"Melissa Weihmayer","doi":"10.1093/jrs/fead071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fead071","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract States bear the responsibility for the protection of people displaced internally by conflict and other causes. Though widely recognized, there is little research on how the state shares that responsibility between different levels of government. Colombia serves as a useful case for examining the evolving coordination between national and local governments. I conduct a thematic analysis of its 2015 Strategy of Co-responsibility regulating emergency humanitarian assistance. I argue that the Strategy represents a delicate compromise between enforcing minimum standards and respecting local autonomy. This means the System largely reaffirms existing vertical power relations, while also creating incentives for horizontal multilevel governance. The article explores the Strategy’s use of the language of ‘co-responsibility’, a technocratic action-planning process, and capacity-building initiatives. I propose frameworks from the literature on the multilevel governance of migration to identify the conditions for coordination between levels to emerge, bridging multilevel governance literature with forced migration literature.","PeriodicalId":51464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Refugee Studies","volume":"188 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136232432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Displacement is underway in Lebanon after financial collapse, but not as events of migration, rather, as processual disruption to people’s lives that begins in place, preceding the potential outcome of forced migration. Financial collapse has shifted the population into extremes of constraint, dispossessing them of assets needed to live in valued ways. Widely circulated claims of an exodus are premature. Historic mass emigration from Lebanon occurred in times of capital availability whilst today’s financial collapse denies most people of the capital needed to emigrate. Migration remains limited to the few with social and cultural capital unaffected by the crisis. This article was prompted by the author’s observations of financial collapse whilst living in Lebanon in 2020 and long-standing engagement with the country. Regardless of whether mass emigration occurs, perhaps after the economy’s recapitalization, the displacement process already underway warrants attention from refugee and forced migration studies.
{"title":"Displacement in Place and the Financial Crisis in Lebanon","authors":"Ali Ali","doi":"10.1093/jrs/fead076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fead076","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Displacement is underway in Lebanon after financial collapse, but not as events of migration, rather, as processual disruption to people’s lives that begins in place, preceding the potential outcome of forced migration. Financial collapse has shifted the population into extremes of constraint, dispossessing them of assets needed to live in valued ways. Widely circulated claims of an exodus are premature. Historic mass emigration from Lebanon occurred in times of capital availability whilst today’s financial collapse denies most people of the capital needed to emigrate. Migration remains limited to the few with social and cultural capital unaffected by the crisis. This article was prompted by the author’s observations of financial collapse whilst living in Lebanon in 2020 and long-standing engagement with the country. Regardless of whether mass emigration occurs, perhaps after the economy’s recapitalization, the displacement process already underway warrants attention from refugee and forced migration studies.","PeriodicalId":51464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Refugee Studies","volume":"5 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135266538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Drawing on 72 interviews with Venezuelan migrant women across five Peruvian cities between 2018 and 2020, this article discusses the prevailing intersectional discriminations they have experienced. I also explore their resistance to social marginalizations that position them along a social-racial hierarchy based on xenophobia, sexism, and racialization. My research has found that their responses to these treatments are to reposition themselves as politically and morally equal, if not superior, to host country nationals. I close the article with questions about what these dynamics portend for future inquiries on south–south migrations.
{"title":"‘I Did Not Choose to Be in Your Country’: Social-Racial Hierarchies in Peru and Venezuelan Migrant Women’s Responses","authors":"Leda M Pérez","doi":"10.1093/jrs/fead079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fead079","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Drawing on 72 interviews with Venezuelan migrant women across five Peruvian cities between 2018 and 2020, this article discusses the prevailing intersectional discriminations they have experienced. I also explore their resistance to social marginalizations that position them along a social-racial hierarchy based on xenophobia, sexism, and racialization. My research has found that their responses to these treatments are to reposition themselves as politically and morally equal, if not superior, to host country nationals. I close the article with questions about what these dynamics portend for future inquiries on south–south migrations.","PeriodicalId":51464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Refugee Studies","volume":"39 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135414692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This field reflection is a reflective dialogue between a supervisor and supervisee focusing on work with Afghan evacuees undertaken by the Centre for Anxiety, Stress & Trauma within Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust. This field reflection focuses on five themes that emerged between the supervisor and supervisee during clinical supervision. The themes are posed as questions that may help others working in the context of a humanitarian crisis to utilize supervision to effectively support both staff and the target population. The reflections conclude with recommendations on how supervision can support staff well-being and, in turn, offer a supportive service to people feeling their homeland in the context of war.
{"title":"Working with Afghan Evacuees: Field Reflections on Five Useful Supervision Questions for Crisis Intervention Workers","authors":"Jai Shree Adhyaru, Ankita Guchait","doi":"10.1093/jrs/fead078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fead078","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This field reflection is a reflective dialogue between a supervisor and supervisee focusing on work with Afghan evacuees undertaken by the Centre for Anxiety, Stress & Trauma within Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust. This field reflection focuses on five themes that emerged between the supervisor and supervisee during clinical supervision. The themes are posed as questions that may help others working in the context of a humanitarian crisis to utilize supervision to effectively support both staff and the target population. The reflections conclude with recommendations on how supervision can support staff well-being and, in turn, offer a supportive service to people feeling their homeland in the context of war.","PeriodicalId":51464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Refugee Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136115218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In light of tightening immigration policies, LGBTIQ+ refugees are oftentimes presented as ‘stuck’ in the asylum regime, having to continuously perform their sexual orientation, gender identity, and/or expression (SOGIE) in a fixed way. This article rethinks this narrative, arguing that rather than being stuck, LGBTIQ+ refugees are navigating through spatialized temporalities—during and after their asylum process. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with LGBTIQ+ refugees in Denmark, this article explores how LGBTIQ+ refugees queer temporality in multiple ways: First, I demonstrate how the so-called Danish ‘paradigm shift’ is producing uncertain temporalities for LGBTIQ+ refugees. Second, I analyse how LGBTIQ+ refugees are becoming and remaining queer after having been granted asylum. Finally, I explore how LGBTIQ+ refugees are (un)able to ‘come out’ of the asylum system. By claiming belonging to the Danish nation-state, they seek a change in the asylum system and demand permanent residence to express their SOGIE fluently.
{"title":"Shifting Paradigms, Not Identities: LGBTIQ+ Refugees Queering Temporalities in Denmark","authors":"Rieke Schröder","doi":"10.1093/jrs/fead075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fead075","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In light of tightening immigration policies, LGBTIQ+ refugees are oftentimes presented as ‘stuck’ in the asylum regime, having to continuously perform their sexual orientation, gender identity, and/or expression (SOGIE) in a fixed way. This article rethinks this narrative, arguing that rather than being stuck, LGBTIQ+ refugees are navigating through spatialized temporalities—during and after their asylum process. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with LGBTIQ+ refugees in Denmark, this article explores how LGBTIQ+ refugees queer temporality in multiple ways: First, I demonstrate how the so-called Danish ‘paradigm shift’ is producing uncertain temporalities for LGBTIQ+ refugees. Second, I analyse how LGBTIQ+ refugees are becoming and remaining queer after having been granted asylum. Finally, I explore how LGBTIQ+ refugees are (un)able to ‘come out’ of the asylum system. By claiming belonging to the Danish nation-state, they seek a change in the asylum system and demand permanent residence to express their SOGIE fluently.","PeriodicalId":51464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Refugee Studies","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136078793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Education is one of the key tools of nation-building, as it aims to create future citizens. Yet what happens in seemingly ‘futureless’ contexts where refugees cannot access even social membership, let alone legal citizenship? In this introduction to our special issue on education for refugees, we explore the aspirations and conceptions of possible futures that students, teachers, governments, international non-governmental organizations (INGOs), and funders have when they promote and pursue education as the solution to the liminal position that refugees in protracted refugee situations find themselves in. Based on insights from the articles, we analyse disconnects between aspirations for education and realities of access to quality education and to opportunities after completing education. We argue that to address these disconnects requires us to move beyond temporal and spatial binaries—present vs. future, here vs. there—that are so common in refugee education discourse and policy. Our suggestion is to draw on and support stakeholders’ work, powerfully exemplified in this special issue, to contribute to improved conditions through pedagogies, practices, and policies that address these binaries.
{"title":"Education for Refugees: Building Durable Futures?","authors":"Sarah Dryden-Peterson, Cindy Horst","doi":"10.1093/jrs/fead063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fead063","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Education is one of the key tools of nation-building, as it aims to create future citizens. Yet what happens in seemingly ‘futureless’ contexts where refugees cannot access even social membership, let alone legal citizenship? In this introduction to our special issue on education for refugees, we explore the aspirations and conceptions of possible futures that students, teachers, governments, international non-governmental organizations (INGOs), and funders have when they promote and pursue education as the solution to the liminal position that refugees in protracted refugee situations find themselves in. Based on insights from the articles, we analyse disconnects between aspirations for education and realities of access to quality education and to opportunities after completing education. We argue that to address these disconnects requires us to move beyond temporal and spatial binaries—present vs. future, here vs. there—that are so common in refugee education discourse and policy. Our suggestion is to draw on and support stakeholders’ work, powerfully exemplified in this special issue, to contribute to improved conditions through pedagogies, practices, and policies that address these binaries.","PeriodicalId":51464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Refugee Studies","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The plight of forcibly displaced LGBTQI+ people has become increasingly visible in Western media and scholarship within the past 10 years. Yet, despite increasing commitments and an expanding number of dedicated reports and initiatives, LGBTQI+ individuals remain discriminated against, exposed to violence, and excluded from humanitarian assistance. This article investigates the disconnect between global rhetoric and the persistent exclusion of LGBTQI+ people from most humanitarian relief programmes by conducting a critical discourse analysis of narratives deployed by humanitarian protection actors regarding LGBTQI+ inclusion. Drawing from interviews with humanitarian workers and humanitarian guidance documents, it argues that several mutually reinforcing discourses are currently at play within the humanitarian system to endlessly delay the meaningful inclusion of forcibly displaced LGBTQI+ people. These narratives not only uphold the cis-heteronormative and racist structures upon which the humanitarian system is constructed but also contribute to further stigmatization and anti-LGBTQI+ violence in an increasingly polarized world.
{"title":"Later Is a <i>Cis-Hetero</i> Patriarchal Time Zone: Narratives of Resistance to LGBTQI+ Inclusion amongst Humanitarian Practitioners","authors":"Ilaria Michelis","doi":"10.1093/jrs/fead072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fead072","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The plight of forcibly displaced LGBTQI+ people has become increasingly visible in Western media and scholarship within the past 10 years. Yet, despite increasing commitments and an expanding number of dedicated reports and initiatives, LGBTQI+ individuals remain discriminated against, exposed to violence, and excluded from humanitarian assistance. This article investigates the disconnect between global rhetoric and the persistent exclusion of LGBTQI+ people from most humanitarian relief programmes by conducting a critical discourse analysis of narratives deployed by humanitarian protection actors regarding LGBTQI+ inclusion. Drawing from interviews with humanitarian workers and humanitarian guidance documents, it argues that several mutually reinforcing discourses are currently at play within the humanitarian system to endlessly delay the meaningful inclusion of forcibly displaced LGBTQI+ people. These narratives not only uphold the cis-heteronormative and racist structures upon which the humanitarian system is constructed but also contribute to further stigmatization and anti-LGBTQI+ violence in an increasingly polarized world.","PeriodicalId":51464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Refugee Studies","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135967743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract By presenting the political engagements of a young refugee from Myanmar who was stuck in Indonesia for nine years, this article discusses the role, value, and importance of refugee writing. Refugees are prohibited from working in Indonesia. Any form of income-generation can result in serious pitfalls, including detention and other punishments. Writing—for international newspapers, blogs, and journals—presents a unique opportunity for earning money while also providing a platform for voicing refugee concerns and engaging in activism beyond borders. Yet, politically motivated writing also comes with certain risks, i.e., exposing the refugee authors to authorities. While this collaboratively written account portrays the struggles and the small and big successes in gaining a voice and communicating across borders of one refugee activist, it remains cautious in prescribing writing as an effective tool for all refugees stuck in transit, thus acknowledging also their ongoing destitution and precarity.
{"title":"Refugee Journalism in Indonesia: Self-Representation, Resistance, and Writing across Borders","authors":"Antje Missbach, J N Joniad, Yunizar Adiputera","doi":"10.1093/jrs/fead074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fead074","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract By presenting the political engagements of a young refugee from Myanmar who was stuck in Indonesia for nine years, this article discusses the role, value, and importance of refugee writing. Refugees are prohibited from working in Indonesia. Any form of income-generation can result in serious pitfalls, including detention and other punishments. Writing—for international newspapers, blogs, and journals—presents a unique opportunity for earning money while also providing a platform for voicing refugee concerns and engaging in activism beyond borders. Yet, politically motivated writing also comes with certain risks, i.e., exposing the refugee authors to authorities. While this collaboratively written account portrays the struggles and the small and big successes in gaining a voice and communicating across borders of one refugee activist, it remains cautious in prescribing writing as an effective tool for all refugees stuck in transit, thus acknowledging also their ongoing destitution and precarity.","PeriodicalId":51464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Refugee Studies","volume":"207 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Refugees spend an average of 17 years living in limbo. This time is usually seen by refugees and scholars as ‘lost’ or ‘wasted’ time. Pierre Bourdieu theorized time as critical in accumulating social and cultural capital; foundations of socio-economic status. Families with greater economic capital can provide their offspring with more ‘time free from economic necessity’, enabling activities that will enhance their status. Time and economic capital are often de-linked by refugee journeys, stripping refugees of economic capital, but leaving an over-abundance of time. This paper uses Bourdieu’s work on time and capital to examine how refugees in one community use time during multi-year transit. Based on fieldwork with a single community, this paper argues that, rather than ‘wasting’ time, members of this community are using refugee time to accumulate social and cultural capital, which some then convert to migration capital and hasten their refugee journeys.
{"title":"Transforming Lost Time into Migration Capital: Hazara Refugee Social and Cultural Capital Development in Indonesia","authors":"Lucy Fiske","doi":"10.1093/jrs/fead073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fead073","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Refugees spend an average of 17 years living in limbo. This time is usually seen by refugees and scholars as ‘lost’ or ‘wasted’ time. Pierre Bourdieu theorized time as critical in accumulating social and cultural capital; foundations of socio-economic status. Families with greater economic capital can provide their offspring with more ‘time free from economic necessity’, enabling activities that will enhance their status. Time and economic capital are often de-linked by refugee journeys, stripping refugees of economic capital, but leaving an over-abundance of time. This paper uses Bourdieu’s work on time and capital to examine how refugees in one community use time during multi-year transit. Based on fieldwork with a single community, this paper argues that, rather than ‘wasting’ time, members of this community are using refugee time to accumulate social and cultural capital, which some then convert to migration capital and hasten their refugee journeys.","PeriodicalId":51464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Refugee Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}