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Context Matters: The Implications of the Mode of Service Provision for Structural and Relational Integration of Refugees in Ghana and Ethiopia 背景问题:服务提供模式对加纳和埃塞俄比亚难民结构和关系融合的影响
2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.1093/jrs/fead080
Samuel K M Agblorti, Abis Getachew, Jana Kuhnt, Abdirahman A Muhumad
Abstract The ever-increasing protracted refugee situations globally have put local integration of refugees into hosting societies high on the international agenda. While recent international frameworks have called for a deeper integration of refugees through the mainstreaming of refugee service provision into national service provision systems, little attention has been paid to the structures and arrangements—the so-called opportunity structures—specifically to how these can either promote or impede integration into host countries. We focus on the mode of social service provision to refugees and how this shapes the context of refugee integration in Ghana and Ethiopia taking into account the implications for structural and relational integration of refugees. We hold the view that mainstreaming service provision to refugees in camps into national systems does not necessarily lead to better refugee integration outcomes. Differences in the quality-of-service provision between humanitarian actors and hosting countries have the potential to determine integration outcomes.
全球范围内不断增加的旷日持久的难民局势使难民融入当地社会成为国际议程的重要议题。虽然最近的国际框架呼吁通过将难民服务提供纳入国家服务提供系统的主流来加深难民融合,但很少注意结构和安排-所谓的机会结构-特别是这些结构和安排如何促进或阻碍融入东道国。我们重点关注向难民提供社会服务的模式,以及这如何影响加纳和埃塞俄比亚难民融合的背景,同时考虑到难民的结构和关系融合的影响。我们认为,将向难民营难民提供的服务纳入国家系统的主流并不一定会带来更好的难民融合结果。人道主义行为体和东道国在提供服务质量方面的差异有可能决定一体化的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Multilevel Governance ‘from Above’: Analysing Colombia’s System of Co-Responsibility for Responding to Internal Displacement “自上而下”的多层次治理:分析哥伦比亚应对国内流离失所的共同责任制度
2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.1093/jrs/fead071
Melissa Weihmayer
Abstract States bear the responsibility for the protection of people displaced internally by conflict and other causes. Though widely recognized, there is little research on how the state shares that responsibility between different levels of government. Colombia serves as a useful case for examining the evolving coordination between national and local governments. I conduct a thematic analysis of its 2015 Strategy of Co-responsibility regulating emergency humanitarian assistance. I argue that the Strategy represents a delicate compromise between enforcing minimum standards and respecting local autonomy. This means the System largely reaffirms existing vertical power relations, while also creating incentives for horizontal multilevel governance. The article explores the Strategy’s use of the language of ‘co-responsibility’, a technocratic action-planning process, and capacity-building initiatives. I propose frameworks from the literature on the multilevel governance of migration to identify the conditions for coordination between levels to emerge, bridging multilevel governance literature with forced migration literature.
各国有责任保护因冲突和其他原因在国内流离失所的人。尽管得到了广泛认可,但关于国家如何在各级政府之间分担这一责任的研究却很少。哥伦比亚为审查国家和地方政府之间不断发展的协调提供了一个有益的案例。我对其2015年规范紧急人道主义援助的共同责任战略进行了专题分析。我认为,该战略是执行最低标准和尊重地方自治之间的微妙妥协。这意味着该体系在很大程度上重申了现有的纵向权力关系,同时也为横向多层次治理创造了激励。本文探讨了该战略对“共同责任”语言的使用、技术官僚的行动规划过程和能力建设倡议。我从关于迁移的多层治理的文献中提出框架,以确定各层次之间协调的条件,将多层治理文献与强制迁移文献连接起来。
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引用次数: 0
Displacement in Place and the Financial Crisis in Lebanon 黎巴嫩境内流离失所和金融危机
2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1093/jrs/fead076
Ali Ali
Abstract Displacement is underway in Lebanon after financial collapse, but not as events of migration, rather, as processual disruption to people’s lives that begins in place, preceding the potential outcome of forced migration. Financial collapse has shifted the population into extremes of constraint, dispossessing them of assets needed to live in valued ways. Widely circulated claims of an exodus are premature. Historic mass emigration from Lebanon occurred in times of capital availability whilst today’s financial collapse denies most people of the capital needed to emigrate. Migration remains limited to the few with social and cultural capital unaffected by the crisis. This article was prompted by the author’s observations of financial collapse whilst living in Lebanon in 2020 and long-standing engagement with the country. Regardless of whether mass emigration occurs, perhaps after the economy’s recapitalization, the displacement process already underway warrants attention from refugee and forced migration studies.
金融崩溃后的黎巴嫩正在发生流离失所,但不是作为移民事件,而是作为在被迫移民的潜在结果之前开始的对人们生活的过程性破坏。金融崩溃使人们陷入了极度的约束,剥夺了他们以有价值的方式生活所需的资产。广泛流传的大批移民的说法为时过早。黎巴嫩历史上的大规模移民发生在资本充足的时期,而今天的金融崩溃使大多数人无法获得移民所需的资本。移民仍然局限于少数拥有未受危机影响的社会和文化资本的人。这篇文章的灵感来自于作者在2020年居住在黎巴嫩期间观察到的金融崩溃以及与该国的长期接触。无论大规模移民是否发生,或许是在经济资本重组之后,已经开始的流离失所过程值得难民和被迫移民研究的关注。
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引用次数: 0
‘I Did Not Choose to Be in Your Country’: Social-Racial Hierarchies in Peru and Venezuelan Migrant Women’s Responses “我没有选择在你的国家”:秘鲁的社会种族等级制度和委内瑞拉移民妇女的反应
2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.1093/jrs/fead079
Leda M Pérez
Abstract Drawing on 72 interviews with Venezuelan migrant women across five Peruvian cities between 2018 and 2020, this article discusses the prevailing intersectional discriminations they have experienced. I also explore their resistance to social marginalizations that position them along a social-racial hierarchy based on xenophobia, sexism, and racialization. My research has found that their responses to these treatments are to reposition themselves as politically and morally equal, if not superior, to host country nationals. I close the article with questions about what these dynamics portend for future inquiries on south–south migrations.
本文在2018年至2020年期间对秘鲁五个城市的72名委内瑞拉移民妇女进行了采访,讨论了她们所经历的普遍的交叉歧视。我还探讨了他们对社会边缘化的抵制,这种边缘化将他们置于基于仇外心理、性别歧视和种族化的社会种族等级中。我的研究发现,他们对这些待遇的反应是将自己重新定位为在政治和道德上与东道国国民平等,如果不是优越的话。在文章的最后,我提出了一些问题,这些动态预示着未来对南南移民的调查。
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引用次数: 0
Working with Afghan Evacuees: Field Reflections on Five Useful Supervision Questions for Crisis Intervention Workers 与阿富汗撤离人员一起工作:对危机干预工作者的五个有用监督问题的实地反思
2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1093/jrs/fead078
Jai Shree Adhyaru, Ankita Guchait
Abstract This field reflection is a reflective dialogue between a supervisor and supervisee focusing on work with Afghan evacuees undertaken by the Centre for Anxiety, Stress & Trauma within Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust. This field reflection focuses on five themes that emerged between the supervisor and supervisee during clinical supervision. The themes are posed as questions that may help others working in the context of a humanitarian crisis to utilize supervision to effectively support both staff and the target population. The reflections conclude with recommendations on how supervision can support staff well-being and, in turn, offer a supportive service to people feeling their homeland in the context of war.
这个现场反思是主管和被监管人员之间的反思性对话,重点是由焦虑,压力和;创伤在伦敦中部和西北部NHS基金会信托。这个领域的反思集中在五个主题之间出现的督导和被督导在临床监督。这些主题是作为问题提出的,可以帮助在人道主义危机背景下工作的其他人利用监督来有效地支持工作人员和目标人口。反思最后提出了关于监督如何能够支持工作人员福祉的建议,并反过来为在战争背景下感受家园的人们提供支持性服务。
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引用次数: 0
Shifting Paradigms, Not Identities: LGBTIQ+ Refugees Queering Temporalities in Denmark 转变的范式,而不是身份:LGBTIQ+难民在丹麦的短暂性
2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1093/jrs/fead075
Rieke Schröder
Abstract In light of tightening immigration policies, LGBTIQ+ refugees are oftentimes presented as ‘stuck’ in the asylum regime, having to continuously perform their sexual orientation, gender identity, and/or expression (SOGIE) in a fixed way. This article rethinks this narrative, arguing that rather than being stuck, LGBTIQ+ refugees are navigating through spatialized temporalities—during and after their asylum process. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with LGBTIQ+ refugees in Denmark, this article explores how LGBTIQ+ refugees queer temporality in multiple ways: First, I demonstrate how the so-called Danish ‘paradigm shift’ is producing uncertain temporalities for LGBTIQ+ refugees. Second, I analyse how LGBTIQ+ refugees are becoming and remaining queer after having been granted asylum. Finally, I explore how LGBTIQ+ refugees are (un)able to ‘come out’ of the asylum system. By claiming belonging to the Danish nation-state, they seek a change in the asylum system and demand permanent residence to express their SOGIE fluently.
在移民政策收紧的背景下,LGBTIQ+难民往往被“困”在庇护制度中,不得不以固定的方式持续表现自己的性取向、性别认同和/或表达(SOGIE)。这篇文章重新思考了这种说法,认为LGBTIQ+难民并没有陷入困境,而是在避难过程中和之后,在空间化的暂时状态中导航。本文通过对丹麦LGBTIQ+难民的半结构化采访,从多个方面探讨了LGBTIQ+难民的短暂性:首先,我展示了所谓的丹麦“范式转变”如何为LGBTIQ+难民带来不确定的短暂性。其次,我分析了LGBTIQ+难民在获得庇护后是如何成为并保持酷儿的。最后,我探讨了LGBTIQ+难民是如何(无法)从庇护体系中“走出来”的。通过声称属于丹麦民族国家,他们寻求改变庇护制度,并要求永久居留权,以流利地表达他们的SOGIE。
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引用次数: 0
Education for Refugees: Building Durable Futures? 难民教育:建设持久的未来?
2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1093/jrs/fead063
Sarah Dryden-Peterson, Cindy Horst
Abstract Education is one of the key tools of nation-building, as it aims to create future citizens. Yet what happens in seemingly ‘futureless’ contexts where refugees cannot access even social membership, let alone legal citizenship? In this introduction to our special issue on education for refugees, we explore the aspirations and conceptions of possible futures that students, teachers, governments, international non-governmental organizations (INGOs), and funders have when they promote and pursue education as the solution to the liminal position that refugees in protracted refugee situations find themselves in. Based on insights from the articles, we analyse disconnects between aspirations for education and realities of access to quality education and to opportunities after completing education. We argue that to address these disconnects requires us to move beyond temporal and spatial binaries—present vs. future, here vs. there—that are so common in refugee education discourse and policy. Our suggestion is to draw on and support stakeholders’ work, powerfully exemplified in this special issue, to contribute to improved conditions through pedagogies, practices, and policies that address these binaries.
教育是国家建设的重要工具之一,其目的是培养未来的公民。然而,在看似“没有未来”的情况下,难民甚至无法获得社会成员资格,更不用说合法公民身份了,会发生什么?在这篇关于难民教育的特刊导论中,我们探讨了学生、教师、政府、国际非政府组织(ingo)和资助者在推动和追求教育作为解决长期难民处境中的难民所处的有限地位时的愿望和对未来可能的设想。根据文章的见解,我们分析了教育愿望与获得优质教育和完成教育后获得机会的现实之间的脱节。我们认为,要解决这些脱节问题,需要我们超越时间和空间的二元对立——现在与未来、这里与那里——这些在难民教育话语和政策中非常常见。我们的建议是利用和支持利益相关者的工作,通过解决这些二元问题的教学、实践和政策,为改善条件做出贡献,这在本期特刊中得到了有力例证。
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引用次数: 0
Later Is a Cis-Hetero Patriarchal Time Zone: Narratives of Resistance to LGBTQI+ Inclusion amongst Humanitarian Practitioners 后来是顺式-异性父权时区:人道主义从业者对LGBTQI+包容的抵制叙事
2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1093/jrs/fead072
Ilaria Michelis
Abstract The plight of forcibly displaced LGBTQI+ people has become increasingly visible in Western media and scholarship within the past 10 years. Yet, despite increasing commitments and an expanding number of dedicated reports and initiatives, LGBTQI+ individuals remain discriminated against, exposed to violence, and excluded from humanitarian assistance. This article investigates the disconnect between global rhetoric and the persistent exclusion of LGBTQI+ people from most humanitarian relief programmes by conducting a critical discourse analysis of narratives deployed by humanitarian protection actors regarding LGBTQI+ inclusion. Drawing from interviews with humanitarian workers and humanitarian guidance documents, it argues that several mutually reinforcing discourses are currently at play within the humanitarian system to endlessly delay the meaningful inclusion of forcibly displaced LGBTQI+ people. These narratives not only uphold the cis-heteronormative and racist structures upon which the humanitarian system is constructed but also contribute to further stigmatization and anti-LGBTQI+ violence in an increasingly polarized world.
近10年来,被迫流离失所的LGBTQI+群体的困境越来越多地出现在西方媒体和学术界。然而,尽管有越来越多的承诺和越来越多的专门报告和倡议,LGBTQI+个人仍然受到歧视,遭受暴力,并被排除在人道主义援助之外。本文通过对人道主义保护行动者关于包容LGBTQI+的叙述进行批判性话语分析,调查了全球言论与大多数人道主义救援计划持续将LGBTQI+排除在外之间的脱节。根据对人道主义工作者的采访和人道主义指导文件,报告认为,目前在人道主义系统中存在着几种相互强化的话语,无休止地推迟了对被迫流离失所的LGBTQI+人群的有意义包容。这些叙述不仅维护了人道主义体系赖以建立的顺式异性恋规范和种族主义结构,而且在日益两极分化的世界中助长了进一步的污名化和针对lgbtqi +的暴力。
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引用次数: 0
Refugee Journalism in Indonesia: Self-Representation, Resistance, and Writing across Borders 印度尼西亚的难民新闻:自我表现、抵抗和跨越国界的写作
2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1093/jrs/fead074
Antje Missbach, J N Joniad, Yunizar Adiputera
Abstract By presenting the political engagements of a young refugee from Myanmar who was stuck in Indonesia for nine years, this article discusses the role, value, and importance of refugee writing. Refugees are prohibited from working in Indonesia. Any form of income-generation can result in serious pitfalls, including detention and other punishments. Writing—for international newspapers, blogs, and journals—presents a unique opportunity for earning money while also providing a platform for voicing refugee concerns and engaging in activism beyond borders. Yet, politically motivated writing also comes with certain risks, i.e., exposing the refugee authors to authorities. While this collaboratively written account portrays the struggles and the small and big successes in gaining a voice and communicating across borders of one refugee activist, it remains cautious in prescribing writing as an effective tool for all refugees stuck in transit, thus acknowledging also their ongoing destitution and precarity.
本文通过介绍一位在印尼被困九年的缅甸年轻难民的政治参与,讨论了难民写作的作用、价值和重要性。难民被禁止在印尼工作。任何形式的创收都可能导致严重的陷阱,包括拘留和其他惩罚。为国际报纸、博客和杂志撰稿是一个独特的赚钱机会,同时也为表达对难民的关注和参与跨境行动提供了一个平台。然而,出于政治动机的写作也有一定的风险,例如,将难民作者暴露给当局。虽然这篇合作撰写的文章描述了一名难民活动家在获得声音和跨境沟通方面的挣扎和大大小小的成功,但它仍然谨慎地规定写作是所有被困在过境中的难民的有效工具,因此也承认他们持续的贫困和不稳定。
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引用次数: 0
Transforming Lost Time into Migration Capital: Hazara Refugee Social and Cultural Capital Development in Indonesia 将失去的时间转化为移民资本:印尼哈扎拉难民社会和文化资本的发展
2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1093/jrs/fead073
Lucy Fiske
Abstract Refugees spend an average of 17 years living in limbo. This time is usually seen by refugees and scholars as ‘lost’ or ‘wasted’ time. Pierre Bourdieu theorized time as critical in accumulating social and cultural capital; foundations of socio-economic status. Families with greater economic capital can provide their offspring with more ‘time free from economic necessity’, enabling activities that will enhance their status. Time and economic capital are often de-linked by refugee journeys, stripping refugees of economic capital, but leaving an over-abundance of time. This paper uses Bourdieu’s work on time and capital to examine how refugees in one community use time during multi-year transit. Based on fieldwork with a single community, this paper argues that, rather than ‘wasting’ time, members of this community are using refugee time to accumulate social and cultural capital, which some then convert to migration capital and hasten their refugee journeys.
难民平均有17年的时间生活在困境中。这段时间通常被难民和学者视为“失去”或“浪费”的时间。皮埃尔·布迪厄(Pierre Bourdieu)将时间理论化为积累社会和文化资本的关键;社会经济地位的基础。拥有更多经济资本的家庭可以为他们的后代提供更多“摆脱经济需要的时间”,使他们能够从事能够提高他们地位的活动。时间和经济资本往往因难民之旅而脱钩,剥夺了难民的经济资本,却留下了过剩的时间。本文利用布迪厄关于时间和资本的著作来考察一个社区的难民在多年过境期间如何利用时间。基于对一个单一社区的实地调查,本文认为,这个社区的成员不是在“浪费”时间,而是在利用难民时间积累社会和文化资本,其中一些人随后将其转化为移民资本,加速他们的难民之旅。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Refugee Studies
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