: As social media becomes increasingly integrated within the fabric of our digital lives, it is clear that these platforms have a great impact on our mental well-being and interpersonal relationships. However, recent events and studies suggest that these changes are not always for the better as social media might contribute to social polarization. In this work, we leverage agent-based modelling (ABM) techniques to simulate the associated opinion dynamics of polarization in social media platforms. To accomplish this, we first develop a methodology for distinguishing between different types of polarization. This enables a more nuanced investigation into the interplay between behavior online and behavior offline. We next expand on the public-private split model by introducing a novel “virtual worlds” framework for representing an online social media platform. Agents from the neighbor-constrained “real world” can “log-in” to these virtual worlds with a certain probability and participate in a complete network; this reflects the unique socioeconomic and geographic anonymity provided through social media. Additionally, global homophilic influence is incorporated and its relationship with local virtual world structure is considered. We finally perform a sensitivity analysis over a set of model parameters, and find that the incorporation of virtual worlds can result in the simultaneous presence of different types of polarization in the real and virtual worlds. These findings align with studies on social media from the literature, and suggest that the online platform provided by social media poses unique challenges with regards to investigating the presence of polarization.
{"title":"Polarization in Social Media: A Virtual Worlds-Based Approach","authors":"Dennis Jacob, Sven Banisch","doi":"10.18564/jasss.5170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.5170","url":null,"abstract":": As social media becomes increasingly integrated within the fabric of our digital lives, it is clear that these platforms have a great impact on our mental well-being and interpersonal relationships. However, recent events and studies suggest that these changes are not always for the better as social media might contribute to social polarization. In this work, we leverage agent-based modelling (ABM) techniques to simulate the associated opinion dynamics of polarization in social media platforms. To accomplish this, we first develop a methodology for distinguishing between different types of polarization. This enables a more nuanced investigation into the interplay between behavior online and behavior offline. We next expand on the public-private split model by introducing a novel “virtual worlds” framework for representing an online social media platform. Agents from the neighbor-constrained “real world” can “log-in” to these virtual worlds with a certain probability and participate in a complete network; this reflects the unique socioeconomic and geographic anonymity provided through social media. Additionally, global homophilic influence is incorporated and its relationship with local virtual world structure is considered. We finally perform a sensitivity analysis over a set of model parameters, and find that the incorporation of virtual worlds can result in the simultaneous presence of different types of polarization in the real and virtual worlds. These findings align with studies on social media from the literature, and suggest that the online platform provided by social media poses unique challenges with regards to investigating the presence of polarization.","PeriodicalId":51498,"journal":{"name":"Jasss-The Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67493037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207751800026418-8
Georgii Malinetskiy
Since 1950, scientists have been discussing the Fermi paradox – the lack of signs of life and reason of other civilizations. This is surprising, since the latter can be millions, or maybe billions older than the earth and therefore must have the appropriate technological capabilities. The article addresses this problem from the point of view of mathematical modeling and the theory of self-organization. The dynamics of other worlds are investigated, and it is shown that their existence is determined by social instability. This instability relates to the contradiction between "cosmic people," insisting on the expansion of their civilization and "molecular," who believe that the main thing is to preserve what has been achieved. The results obtained make us take a fresh look at the management of the risks of the development of terrestrial civilization and attempts to contact other worlds.
{"title":"Sociological approach to the Fermi paradox","authors":"Georgii Malinetskiy","doi":"10.18254/s207751800026418-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207751800026418-8","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1950, scientists have been discussing the Fermi paradox – the lack of signs of life and reason of other civilizations. This is surprising, since the latter can be millions, or maybe billions older than the earth and therefore must have the appropriate technological capabilities. The article addresses this problem from the point of view of mathematical modeling and the theory of self-organization. The dynamics of other worlds are investigated, and it is shown that their existence is determined by social instability. This instability relates to the contradiction between \"cosmic people,\" insisting on the expansion of their civilization and \"molecular,\" who believe that the main thing is to preserve what has been achieved. The results obtained make us take a fresh look at the management of the risks of the development of terrestrial civilization and attempts to contact other worlds.","PeriodicalId":51498,"journal":{"name":"Jasss-The Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77773631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207751800024523-4
A. Melnikov
This study presents a circadian rhythm model. Specificity of such model is in consideration of the dynamic of two hormones and a neuromediator. Such an approach was taken due to the fact that circadian rhythms dynamics are largely expressed by cyclic quantity alteration of adenosine, cortisole and melatonin throughout the day. External factors effects were explored and their influence was imitated in the model. External factors influence on hormone's dynamic was analysed. Decision making assistance algorithm of external factors usage in correcting quantities of adenosine,cortisole and melatonin, was developed.
{"title":"Agent-based modeling of the sleep-wake cycle","authors":"A. Melnikov","doi":"10.18254/s207751800024523-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207751800024523-4","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a circadian rhythm model. Specificity of such model is in consideration of the dynamic of two hormones and a neuromediator. Such an approach was taken due to the fact that circadian rhythms dynamics are largely expressed by cyclic quantity alteration of adenosine, cortisole and melatonin throughout the day. External factors effects were explored and their influence was imitated in the model. External factors influence on hormone's dynamic was analysed. Decision making assistance algorithm of external factors usage in correcting quantities of adenosine,cortisole and melatonin, was developed.","PeriodicalId":51498,"journal":{"name":"Jasss-The Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation","volume":"55 23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75161767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207751800024767-2
Dmitry Koshkin
The digital society provides great opportunities for the development of public services, business and the financial sector. Consumers of services appreciated the convenience and efficiency. At the same time, with any positive developments, there are also risks. Growing advances in technology have led to the emergence and proliferation of new risks for both government and business, in particular cyber risks. The authors use the example of the insurance industry to demonstrate the importance of the IT sphere in public life and the growing need for effective cyber security tools. The study analyses the risks that pose a threat to the development of society through the example of cyber risks through the prism of the cyber insurance market. The authors argue that cyber risk insurance can reduce these risks. Due to the growing dependence of society and the state on technology and the increasing sophistication of cybercriminals, it is critical for governments and businesses to be proactive in protecting against potential cyber-attacks and other technology-driven threats. In this environment, instruments such as cyber risk insurance provide the necessary protection for the economy and society in the digital age. In addressing this issue, the authors aim to contribute to greater security in the digital world.
{"title":"Cyber risks: Prospective Control Instruments (using the example of Cyber Insurance)","authors":"Dmitry Koshkin","doi":"10.18254/s207751800024767-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207751800024767-2","url":null,"abstract":"The digital society provides great opportunities for the development of public services, business and the financial sector. Consumers of services appreciated the convenience and efficiency. At the same time, with any positive developments, there are also risks. Growing advances in technology have led to the emergence and proliferation of new risks for both government and business, in particular cyber risks. The authors use the example of the insurance industry to demonstrate the importance of the IT sphere in public life and the growing need for effective cyber security tools. The study analyses the risks that pose a threat to the development of society through the example of cyber risks through the prism of the cyber insurance market. The authors argue that cyber risk insurance can reduce these risks. Due to the growing dependence of society and the state on technology and the increasing sophistication of cybercriminals, it is critical for governments and businesses to be proactive in protecting against potential cyber-attacks and other technology-driven threats. In this environment, instruments such as cyber risk insurance provide the necessary protection for the economy and society in the digital age. In addressing this issue, the authors aim to contribute to greater security in the digital world.","PeriodicalId":51498,"journal":{"name":"Jasss-The Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79242213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Assimilation Anomaly: Averaging-Induced Reversal of Overall Opinion in Two Interacting Societies","authors":"Jacob Landsberg, Adam Landsberg","doi":"10.18564/jasss.5150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.5150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51498,"journal":{"name":"Jasss-The Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135318955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martina Testori, Francesca Giardini, Charlotte K Hemelrijk, Terence D Dores Cruz, Bianca Beersma
: Gossip provides individuals a great volume of information, which allows them to make informed decisions and better adapt to the environment around them. Like all pieces of information, however, if not correctly interpreted, gossip can lead to harmful consequences for individuals. Indeed, computational models have portrayed a complex picture on how gossip impacts cooperation, identifying several limitations of the mechanism. Recent theoretical models and empirical studies have shown how interpreting the information received through gossip is a key component to understand how gossip influences individuals and groups. Thus, we built an agent-based model where we examine two reaction mechanisms for different reputation systems, in which agents first interpret the motive behind gossip and then react on the basis of this interpretation. While the first mechanism relies on an encompassing reputation system in which all pieces of information are used to inform future decisions with other group members, the second mechanism comprises a two-layer reputation system, in which agents’ actions are separate from agents’ reliability as gossipers. Our results support previous empirical findings asserting gossip as an effective way to sustain initial cooperation, and offer a solution for gossipdrivenbynegativemotives: aslongasgossipreceiversignoretheinformationprovidedbygossipersthey deem unreliable and don’t punish them by refraining from cooperative interactions with them, cooperation can be sustained.
{"title":"What Matters Most in Supporting Cooperation, the Gossip Content or the Gossiper’s Intention? Simulating Motive Interpretation in Gossip Dynamics","authors":"Martina Testori, Francesca Giardini, Charlotte K Hemelrijk, Terence D Dores Cruz, Bianca Beersma","doi":"10.18564/jasss.5194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.5194","url":null,"abstract":": Gossip provides individuals a great volume of information, which allows them to make informed decisions and better adapt to the environment around them. Like all pieces of information, however, if not correctly interpreted, gossip can lead to harmful consequences for individuals. Indeed, computational models have portrayed a complex picture on how gossip impacts cooperation, identifying several limitations of the mechanism. Recent theoretical models and empirical studies have shown how interpreting the information received through gossip is a key component to understand how gossip influences individuals and groups. Thus, we built an agent-based model where we examine two reaction mechanisms for different reputation systems, in which agents first interpret the motive behind gossip and then react on the basis of this interpretation. While the first mechanism relies on an encompassing reputation system in which all pieces of information are used to inform future decisions with other group members, the second mechanism comprises a two-layer reputation system, in which agents’ actions are separate from agents’ reliability as gossipers. Our results support previous empirical findings asserting gossip as an effective way to sustain initial cooperation, and offer a solution for gossipdrivenbynegativemotives: aslongasgossipreceiversignoretheinformationprovidedbygossipersthey deem unreliable and don’t punish them by refraining from cooperative interactions with them, cooperation can be sustained.","PeriodicalId":51498,"journal":{"name":"Jasss-The Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135318962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geeske Scholz, Nanda Wijermans, Rocco Paolillo, Martin Neumann, Torsten Masson, É. Chappin, A. Templeton, G. Kocheril
: Simulating collective decision-making and behaviour is at the heart of many agent-based models (ABMs). However, the representation of social context and its influence on an agent’s behaviour remains challenging. Here, the Social Identity Approach (SIA) from social psychology, offers a promising explanation, as it describes how people behave while being part of a group, how groups interact and how these interactions and ingroup norms can change over time. SIA is valuable for various application domains while also being challenging to formalise. To address this challenge and enable modellers to learn from existing work, we took stock of ABM formalisations of SIA and present a systematic review of SIA in ABMs. Our results show a diversity of application areas and formalisations of (parts of) SIA without any converging practice towards a default formalisation. Models range from simple to (cognitively) rich, with a group of abstract models in the tradition of opinion dynamics employing SIA to specify group-based social influence. We also found some complex cognitive SIA formalisations incorporating contextual behaviour. When considering the function of SIA in the models, representing collectives, modelling group-based social influence and unpacking contextual behaviour all stood out. Our review was also an inventory of the formalisation challenge attached to using a very promising social-psychological theory in ABMs, revealing a tendency for reference to domain-specific theories to remain vague.
{"title":"Social Agents? A Systematic Review of Social Identity Formalizations","authors":"Geeske Scholz, Nanda Wijermans, Rocco Paolillo, Martin Neumann, Torsten Masson, É. Chappin, A. Templeton, G. Kocheril","doi":"10.18564/jasss.5066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.5066","url":null,"abstract":": Simulating collective decision-making and behaviour is at the heart of many agent-based models (ABMs). However, the representation of social context and its influence on an agent’s behaviour remains challenging. Here, the Social Identity Approach (SIA) from social psychology, offers a promising explanation, as it describes how people behave while being part of a group, how groups interact and how these interactions and ingroup norms can change over time. SIA is valuable for various application domains while also being challenging to formalise. To address this challenge and enable modellers to learn from existing work, we took stock of ABM formalisations of SIA and present a systematic review of SIA in ABMs. Our results show a diversity of application areas and formalisations of (parts of) SIA without any converging practice towards a default formalisation. Models range from simple to (cognitively) rich, with a group of abstract models in the tradition of opinion dynamics employing SIA to specify group-based social influence. We also found some complex cognitive SIA formalisations incorporating contextual behaviour. When considering the function of SIA in the models, representing collectives, modelling group-based social influence and unpacking contextual behaviour all stood out. Our review was also an inventory of the formalisation challenge attached to using a very promising social-psychological theory in ABMs, revealing a tendency for reference to domain-specific theories to remain vague.","PeriodicalId":51498,"journal":{"name":"Jasss-The Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67492691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrigendum to 'Arguments as Drivers of Issue Polarisation in Debates Among Artificial Agents', Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 25 (1) 4, 2022","authors":"Felix Kopecky","doi":"10.18564/jasss.5068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.5068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51498,"journal":{"name":"Jasss-The Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67492704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rory Greig, Chris Major, Michalina Pacholska, S. Bending, Jordi Arranz
{"title":"Learning Interpretable Logic for Agent-Based Models from Domain Independent Primitives","authors":"Rory Greig, Chris Major, Michalina Pacholska, S. Bending, Jordi Arranz","doi":"10.18564/jasss.5087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.5087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51498,"journal":{"name":"Jasss-The Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67492851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207751800025572-8
A. Gaisina
The structure of the needs of enterprises for workers is undergoing changes, and the system professional education must adapt as quickly as possible to the new realities of the labor market. For a prompt response to current personnel requests, imitation model of the behavior of graduates in the labor market is proposed, taking into account the direction of training (DT) of system professional education, the need for workers by the type of economic activity (TEA), presented in the form of a matrix of professional and qualification compliance with TEA-DT and a sociological survey graduates. The imitation model is based on an agent - oriented approach, where agents are graduates of colleges, enterprises, enlarged by the type of economic activity and authorities, given exogenously. The software implementation makes it possible to imitate the real processes of employment of college graduates, taking into account vacancies in the type of economic activity and direction of training. The use of the simulation model will allow to regulate the emerging imbalance between the offers of the secondary schools and the needs of enterprises.
{"title":"Imitation model of the labour market behaviour of graduates of secondary vocational education institutions","authors":"A. Gaisina","doi":"10.18254/s207751800025572-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207751800025572-8","url":null,"abstract":"The structure of the needs of enterprises for workers is undergoing changes, and the system professional education must adapt as quickly as possible to the new realities of the labor market. For a prompt response to current personnel requests, imitation model of the behavior of graduates in the labor market is proposed, taking into account the direction of training (DT) of system professional education, the need for workers by the type of economic activity (TEA), presented in the form of a matrix of professional and qualification compliance with TEA-DT and a sociological survey graduates. The imitation model is based on an agent - oriented approach, where agents are graduates of colleges, enterprises, enlarged by the type of economic activity and authorities, given exogenously. The software implementation makes it possible to imitate the real processes of employment of college graduates, taking into account vacancies in the type of economic activity and direction of training. The use of the simulation model will allow to regulate the emerging imbalance between the offers of the secondary schools and the needs of enterprises.","PeriodicalId":51498,"journal":{"name":"Jasss-The Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation","volume":"153 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85616637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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