Sexuality and Disability最新文献

The aim of this article was to identify educational interventions on sexuality for parents of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities. This is an integrative literature review. In May, 2023, searches were carried out in 12 databases using the keywords: intellectual disability, sexuality, sexual communication, intervention, program, and parents and Boolean operators AND and OR. The thematic analysis of the nine articles found resulted in the theme: Sex education programs and their interventions, and three sub-themes: (a) conceptualization and design of the programs; (b) from taboo to confidence: increasing self-perception of competence to approach sex education; and (c) speaking the same language: how sex education can contribute to improving communication between parents and children with intellectual disabilities. The results showed that the interventions were effective in promoting positive changes in self-efficacy, contributed to increasing knowledge about sexuality, improved the quality and frequency of communication about sexuality in the family context, and addressed parents' beliefs and attitudes, considering their cultural and personal context with a view to promoting positive changes in these areas. The development of sex education strategies prepares parents and families for handling and safely guiding children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities. The interventions showed a positive impact on parents and their children. Future investigations combining quantitative and qualitative approaches to the evaluation of these sex education programs are necessary, in order to provide a broader and deeper view of the results achieved.

This study explores how attitudes toward talking about sex and sexual matters influence practices regarding sexuality, sexual rights, and sexual abuse in residential institutions for people with disabilities in Greenland. 16 residents aged 17–62 and 29 managers and staff from 8 residential institutions have been interviewed about the ways sexual needs and rights are treated and discussed as well as how sexual harassment and violations are prevented or handled. The results of the study show that there are great variations between the residential institutions regarding meeting residents’ sexual needs, talking about sex, sex education, and knowledge of rules and policies in the area. While some managers and staff are quite comfortable talking to residents and each other about sex, boundaries, and the body, others find it extremely difficult and some even reject the thought of sex as a relevant topic for the residents. Regardless of the level of openness about sexual matters in the residential institutions, staff and managers express a need for more sex education with a focus on how they can best help, guide, and protect residents, but guidance about sex is much more available for residents when staff feel comfortable talking about sex. Sexual violations and illegal sexual contact might take place in residential institutions regardless of the local practices regarding sex and sex education. However, openness about sexual matters might help detect overstepped sexual boundaries and stop sexual harassment and violations earlier.

There is limited information regarding the level of sexual and reproductive health service utilization among disabled students in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of sexual and reproductive health services utilization and its associated factors among disabled students in selected Universities in Ethiopia. An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted. A simple random sampling method was used to draw study participants. EpiData version 3.1 and SPSS version 25.0 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value of < 0.05. The overall utilization of sexual and reproductive health services was 36.22% among 557 disabled participants. Marital status (AOR = 5.50; 95% CI: 2.64, 11.46), discussing sexual and reproductive health issues (AOR = 3.84; 95% CI: 2.596, 5.689), knowledge about sexual and reproductive health (AOR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.16, 4.28), and attitude towards sexual and reproductive health (AOR = 2.87; 95% CI: 1.94, 4.23) were statistically associated with utilization of sexual and reproductive health services. This study showed a low proportion of disabled students had utilized sexual and reproductive health services. The most utilized services were voluntary testing and counseling followed by family planning.

This study aimed to delve into the intricate dynamics of disclosing invisible disabilities within romantic relationships through the lens of Impression Management Theory. Specifically, we examined how disclosing an invisible disability influences the impression formed by the partner, as indicated by the willingness to continue the relationship. A total of 732 college students without disabilities were randomly assigned to read a scenario in which the main character was told of the current partner’s invisible disability (asthma, epilepsy, or schizophrenia), at different times of disclosure (second date/ three months into a relationship/six months into a relationship). Participants then completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) to measure their affective responses following the disclosure. Finally, they rated the main character’s degree of willingness to continue the relationship. Results indicate that negative affect mediated the association between disability type and relationship continuity willingness. Gender-based emotional responses varied, with disclosure timing moderating these effects. For women, revealing schizophrenia later in the relationship correlated with stronger negative emotions and a greater willingness of the partners to continue the relationship. These findings contribute to our comprehension of how disclosing invisible disabilities influences partner impressions, highlighting role of gender dynamics. By applying Impression Management Theory, we have shed light on the multifaceted nature of self-presentation and societal attitudes that shapes the dynamics of romantic relationships. Our findings hold practical implications for individuals navigating the disclosure of disabilities in intimate relationships, while also offering theoretical insights into the complex interplay between societal perceptions and individual experiences.

This study aimed to examine the disease burden encountered by individuals with COPD, with a comprehensive investigation of the effect of the disease on sexual life. In this study, a phenomenological research design, a qualitative research type, was employed. The study involved 36 individuals diagnosed with COPD. The data collection process involved conducting individual, face-to-face interviews. Colaizzi’s phenomenological analysis method was utilized for the data analysis. The analysis of the data yielded two categories (burdens of the disease and sexual life) and six primary themes (physical effects, mental effects, social effects, difficulties during sexual activity, the spouse’s perspective on the problems, and dealing with sexual problems). The outcomes of this study highlighted the significant burden of COPD on patients and its adverse impact on their sexual lives. Given the complex nature of COPD, a thorough and professional assessment of patients’ sexual well-being, coupled with timely identification of sexual dysfunctions and appropriate interventions, is of utmost importance.

Children with disabilities and their families should receive education appropriate for the needs of children with disabilities in order for them to lead a more independent life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the sexual health education given to the parents of children with disabilities aged 10–19. This study, which used an experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group, was conducted with the parents of children with disabilities enrolled at the Kozlu Disabled Association in Kozlu, district of Zonguldak province. The sample of the study consisted of 47 parents who met the inclusion criteria. Parents were assigned to the experimental (n = 23) and control (n = 24) groups with the randomization method. The data of the study were collected using “Introductory Information Form”, “Parental Self-Efficacy Scale” and “Knowledge Assessment Questionnaire”. Sexual health education including 8 modules and lasting for 8 weeks was given to the parents in the experimental group once a week for 30–45 min. While the mean score of the Parental Self-Efficacy Scale of the experimental group was 55.50 ± 23.16 before the education, it increased to 97.17 ± 7.88 after the education, and a statistically significant relationship was found between the two measurements (p < 0.05). When the scores of the Knowledge Assessment Questionnaire of the experimental group were evaluated after the education, the sub-dimension scores of the Self-care Knowledge, Sexual Behavior Control Knowledge, Sexual Abuse Knowledge and Communication Knowledge were determined to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). It was concluded in the study that the sexual health education given to parents of children with disabilities was effective in increasing the level of parental self-efficacy and sexual health knowledge.

Abstract

Sexual cognitions are an important aspect of sexual well-being for all individuals; however, little is known about the sexual cognitions of autistic individuals. Therefore, our study aimed to explore the diversity, content, and frequencies of positive (PSC) and negative (NSC) sexual cognitions in this population. A total of 332 participants (57.5% women; 42.5% men) between the ages of 21 and 73 (M = 37.72, SD = 11.15) completed an online survey. Our results showed that almost all participants had experienced both positive and negative sexual cognitions. PSC were more diverse and experienced with greater frequency than NSC. In addition, gender (self-identified as being male) and having had relationship experience were associated with greater diversity and frequency of PSC, but not NSC. In terms of content, the most common experienced sexual cognitions for both men and women were intimacy-related. The men experienced 22 of the 56 PSC and 3 of the 56 NSC significantly more frequently than did the women; there were no cognitions that the women experienced more frequently than the men. A comparison to the results of studies of sexual cognitions among neurotypical individuals suggests that autistic individuals experience sexual cognitions in much the same way as their peers. However, sexual cognitions occur slightly less frequently and are somewhat less diverse. Nonetheless, the way in which they are experienced, and the content of the most frequent cognitions (mainly PSC about intimacy) may be indicative of sexual well-being.

The aim of current study was to examine the sexual quality of life and problems of women with gynecological cancer in a Turkish Muslim population to evaluate them according to their treatment modalities. This study was conducted on 350 women who voluntarily accepted to participate in the study and were treated for gynecological cancer. Patients; who are aged from 18 to 65 years, have partners, sexually active, completed first treatment, not in the terminal period, without neurological and psychiatric disorders were included in the study. The research data were collected by using the descriptive characteristics form and Sexual Quality of Life Scale-Female (SQOLS-F). The quality of sexual life of women with gynecological cancer was very low (34.1 ± 10.2). The sexual quality of life of women with gynecological cancer differed according to the treatment methods and cancer types. Sexual quality of life was higher in those who received surgical treatment than those who received radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment. In addition, pathological symptoms were observed more intensely, especially in the chemotherapy group. In addition, pathological symptoms were observed more intensely, especially in the chemotherapy group. In addition, most of the women did not receive information about sexuality from the health personnel during the treatment process and did not share their sexual problems with the health personnel.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common chronic diseases whose complications harm sexual functioning. Given the importance of sexual functioning and the effects of CAD on it, it is important to identify the factors that can affect sexual functioning. This study aimed to determine the predictive role of health literacy in the sexual functioning of women with CAD. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 on 385 women with CAD who visited comprehensive health centers and doctors’ offices in Bushehr Province (Iran) and were selected via convenience sampling. The data were collected using a demographic information form, The Adults Functional Health Literacy questionnaire, and the Female Sexual Function Index. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression at the significance level of < 0.05. The mean age of the participants was 52.19 ± 12.15. The mean health literacy score was 72.25 + 24.18. The mean sexual function score was 17.75 + 8.80. Thirty-five percent of the participants had severe or moderate sexual dysfunction. The results showed that high health literacy reduces the risk of overall sexual dysfunction (p = 0.006). The results showed that high health literacy reduces the risk of overall sexual dysfunction and most of its domains. Healthcare and health education specialists should improve the health literacy of women with CAD by using simple and understandable training. It is necessary to conduct prospective studies to determine the causal relationship between the studied variables and confirm the results of the present study.