Language Sciences最新文献

Roleplay, as a form of speaker imitation, has commonly been used as a tool to investigate the emergence of sociolinguistic expectations in children. In this paper, we integrate previous methodological insights on roleplay with the aim to draft a unified protocol for its design and analysis in (developmental) (socio)linguistics. Special attention is paid to guiding principles for (1) role selection, (2) roleplay elicitation, (3) roleplay identification, (4) isolation of the linguistic variable and (5) cross-verification of the results. The roleplay protocol is applied to a case study on English insertions in Belgian Dutch by five preadolescents, where it seems to effectively capture sociolinguistic expectations: respondents increasingly insert English elements in their performances of English-oriented roles (e.g. rapper) and limit those elements in their performances of Dutch-oriented roles (e.g. farmer). Overall, this paper unites previous insights on the implementation of roleplay designs, aiming to further empirical investigations into speaker imitation in developmental sociolinguistics and the study of linguistic behavior in roleplay in general.

This paper introduces the results of an exploratory study, aimed at designing and testing an ecological discourse analysis framework, applicable to texts in Chinese language. Focusing on vocabulary, the study followed an iterative deductive-inductive process. First, a preliminary framework of lexical indicators was identified through literature review, adapted to Chinese language by means of a pilot analysis, and validated based on experts’ judgement. The framework was then tested on a sample of documents relevant to an environmental justice case in China. Results indicate that our Chinese Language Ecological Discourse Analysis (C-LEDA) framework can assist a coherent ecolinguistic characterization of Chinese texts by highlighting lexical patterns that reflect diverse social-ecological values and worldviews. Our work is a meaningful contribution to developing reliable tools for ecolinguistic analysis and lays the ground for further advancements in the field. More specifically, it constitutes a first step to support the development of: (a) multi-criteria annotation schemes for quantitative, corpus-assisted ecological discourse analysis; (b) qualitative and quantitative comparative studies, broadening the scope of analysis to the wider Sinophone context; and (c) co-creative protocols to re-story documents used in environmental planning to address the extractivist bias inherent in such processes.

This article investigates the relationship between language policy and spatial production. The regulation of language is inextricably tied to extra-linguistic—social, cultural, political and economic –processes permeating the broader sociolinguistic ecology. The article argues that language policy creates territorial space in this otherwise open ecology. Territories emerge from the tension between two dimensions of language policy: the free-flowing language activities in circulation and the coordinated regulation of boundaries in space. The article examines the relation between these two dimensions through the concepts of ‘languaging’ and ‘assemblage’. This theoretical argument is illustrated with the developing Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in southern China as an example. The example suggests two theoretical implications. First, language policy regulates not only linguistic features or varieties but the coordination between linguistic and extra-linguistic practices of languaging. Second, territorial spaces are created not by externally imposed orders but by assemblages formed within the processes of languaging.

Several studies have established that not all native speakers extract the same generalization for a given construction due to speaker internal or external reasons, challenging a widely held assumption in linguistics. While there is a considerable number of studies investigating individual differences in grammatical knowledge in other languages, very little is known about how L1 Turkish speakers might manifest such differences in their linguistic knowledge. This is the first study to examine individual differences in the constructional representation of the Turkish aorist in adult L1 Turkish speakers. The aorist is known to be irregular and pose acquisition problems, especially when combined with monosyllabic sonorant ending verbs. The variants of the Turkish aorist have different corpus frequencies across spoken and written modalities. The study investigates to what extent differences in print exposure would lead to differences in how L1 Turkish speakers would apply the construction to monosyllabic-sonorant ending nonce-verbs. Based on the results, people with more written language experience extracted a more sensitive rule that applies to monosyllabic-sonorant ending nonce-verbs, such that they produced more -Ir than -Ar. Contrastingly, people who read less used more -Ar (r = –0.35), and print exposure accounted for roughly 12% of the variance. Our findings are compatible with usage-based approaches and suggest that print exposure-borne differences are pervasive in linguistic knowledge, adding to the growing body of evidence that challenges the convergence hypothesis.

This article contributes to the scholarship on digital identity work by examining the linguistic mechanisms of ambient identity construction in fully anonymous online environments. It investigates how video viewers construct textual personae by leaving massive anonymous comments in danmu, a viewing-and-commenting system that synchronously posts comments onto a video screen as it plays. Drawing on the sociological concept of homophily and the linguistics-informed Appraisal framework, this study systematically tracks the patterns in the attitudinal orientations among massive anonymous comments left over a high-profile Chinese video featuring a teacher's home visit. The article argues that the technological affordances of danmu lead to the inherent collectiveness of anonymous digital identity construction. It reports two attitudinal meaning-making mechanisms through which massive anonymous comments converge into a homogeneous mass and describes the viewers' collective ambient identities revealed in their comments. This project brings clarity to the dynamics of ambient digital identity construction by deploying computational tools to linguistic analysis and has practical implications for marketing research, social media monitoring, and community building.

In this article we review Per Linell's work within the last five decades that led to his dialogism framework, which he defines as a general epistemology of language, cognition and communication. We critically discuss how his contribution on the one hand, altered and qualified existent models within language, communication and cognitive science, because dialogism removed language and cognition from their abstract and mental seat in the brain, and embedded them instead in situational contexts and embodied interaction. In that sense, his dialogism successfully replaced monological assumptions about the mind, action and thinking with more contextual and temporally distributed ones. On the other hand, we also question why Linell has not pursued a more rigorous empirical program for studying human cognition, when he did establish a theoretical apparatus for approaching cognition from a dialogical starting point. In going through Linell's arguments over the past five decades we suggest that this absence of an empirical program is due to his humanistic roots which both have sensitised him to appreciating the contingencies and dynamics of human sense making and cognition, and have impeded him from buying into a necessary condition for pursuing a cognitive analysis, even if he conceptually and methodologically accepts a distributed view on cognition. The outcome of this discussion leads to an empirical-based cognitive analysis of a medical interaction. Altogether, the purpose of this article is to show how Linell's conceptual framework can be put to use in ways that make a dialogical cognitive science achievable.

Severinson Eklundh and Linell (1983) asked whether a minimal form of communicative interaction exists and, if so, how many moves it would require. In conversation analysis, the response to these questions has traditionally been that such a form exists and that it takes the form of a pair of adjacent utterances consisting of a first pair part (e.g., a greeting or a question) and a second pair part (e.g., a greeting in return or an answer to the question). Severinson Eklundh and Linell acknowledged that communicative exchanges could take the form of two-part sequences, but they argued that this format is relatively limited in scope. Instead, they proposed that the basic format for most communicative interactions is a three-part sequence and that this structure should not be reduced to a base pair with a sequence closing third as an expansion of the pair. This issue has been the subject of ongoing debate over the last four decades. In this article, we discuss how conversation analysis and extended dialogism have addressed the idea of a minimal form of communicative interaction. We review different approaches and how they overlap and diverge, and we make conceptual distinctions to account for their differences.

This article considers dialogicality as a dynamic ontology and epistemology, and as interaction in concrete daily situations. These two features of dialogicality are presented in selected examples involving communication of people with congenital deaf/blindness and their carers. Since people with deaf/blindness cannot use verbal language in their dialogues, they make themselves understood to their partners by using a variety of innovative non-verbal strategies. For example, they improvise, repeat touching gestures, overextend meanings of signs, guess meanings of co-participants, and otherwise. Each dialogical situation is a unique single case, in which participants use simultaneously different modalities of communication and attempt to balance their subjective and intersubjective activities.

This study analyzes the relation between utterances and human activities with a view to determining how and under what conditions discourse-initial verbless utterances can be considered pragmatically, semantically, and grammatically complete. The study is empirically based on a set of observations of discourse-intital action-guiding verbless speech acts, which for a large part have been observed in a cognitive ethnographic field study of the activity of gliding. Using the concept of illocutionary acts and ecological value theory as an overarching framework, the analysis shows how discourse-initial action-guiding subsententials are enabled and constrained by the activity, i.e. the lawful constraints, the available affordances, the information that specify affordances, and the values that guide the activity. The analysis shows that a discourse-initial action-guiding subsentential is a response to a present or emerging discrepancy between the state of variation a current action causes and the state of variation that the values that guide the activity requires. The conventional effect and the contextual conditions for the effect of discourse-initial action-guiding subsententials is specified and provide the criteria for what constitutes a meaningful unit and thus also the criteria for semantic completeness. The semantic structure of discourse-initial action-guiding subsententials is identified as a specification. On the basis of this semantic analysis, the grammatical patterns that realize this semantic unit is identified. It is a single-word focus construction. Based on this grammatical analysis, another more complex grammatical construction that realizes two communicative tasks is identified: a specification of an affordance and an indication of the condition for rightness of the action possibility. It is argued that this combination of communicative tasks is conducive to the performance of activities, and hence, may exert a functional pressure on the conventionalization of grammatical construction. In this way, it is shown how subsentential constructions can emerge from non-conversational, practical activities.

In honouring Per Linell's achievements, I pursue how dialogue was traced back to praxis. Hence, I begin with how, countering generative theory as overblown, Linell found a hard middle way and, thus, adopted a modest realism. In early work, he traced phonology to what can be heard and, later, diagnosed exclusive emphasis on things or rules as written language bias. Since much depends on how we speak, verbalizing derives, in part, from the influence of others. In modelling speech performance, he therefore turns to a duality of planning and execution. Activity can be orienting to others and/or their doings and sayings. The pattern recurs in initiative-response analysis which effectively tracks isomorphisms in the push and pull of dialogue (initiative and response). Given samenesses, forms, ways of acting, and uses of wordings, we sustain the sociodialogical consciousness of practical and linguistic knowhow. Praxis prompts people to act, transcend situations, use dialogue, construct practical theories and, slowly, change their languaging. In scaling down, I argue that the future prospects of Linell's work lie in rethinking the interdisciplinary area that is concerned with languages, human practices and, above all, their effects.