Language Sciences最新文献_第6页

Linguistic relativity from an enactive perspective: the entanglement of language and cognition 动作视域下的语言相对性：语言与认知的纠缠

IF 1.7 2区文学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Language Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101702

Ulises Rodríguez Jordá , Ezequiel A. Di Paolo

We seek to relate the fields of linguistic relativity (LR) and the enactive approach in cognitive science. We distinguish contemporary research on LR, starting after the mid-1990s, from earlier approaches to the field. Current studies are characterised by a nuanced methodology rooted in the psycholinguistics tradition. While improving on earlier research, they also move away from philosophically oriented discussions about the relation between language and cognition and focus instead on experimentally testing relativistic effects for specific cognitive domains. We claim that this procedure retains some fundamental assumptions from classical cognitive science, precisely those that are challenged by an enactive perspective. These include a commitment to the modularity of mind and a computational understanding of the interactions between cognitive domains. We contend that contemporary LR research is, in fact, compatible with these classical cognitivist ideas, despite superficial points of tension. We then survey recent post-cognitivist approaches to language in cognitive science and explore ways in which LR and the enactive framework could be mutually enriched. Whereas the structural or categorial aspects of language are central for LR research, these are usually downplayed in post-cognitivist approaches, often influenced by the integrationist distinction between first-order linguistic practices and second-order constructs. We advance a specifically enactive perspective that seeks to preserve the systematic features of language while also integrating them within a dynamical understanding of the relation between language and cognition at multiple timescales.

我们试图将语言相对性（LR）和认知科学中的主动方法联系起来。我们将20世纪90年代中期以后开始的当代LR研究与该领域的早期方法区分开来。当前研究的特点是植根于心理语言学传统的细致入微的方法。在对早期研究进行改进的同时，他们也远离了以哲学为导向的关于语言和认知之间关系的讨论，转而关注于实验测试特定认知领域的相对论效应。我们认为，这一过程保留了经典认知科学的一些基本假设，而恰恰是那些受到行为视角挑战的假设。这些包括对心智模块化的承诺和对认知领域之间相互作用的计算理解。我们认为，当代LR研究实际上与这些经典认知主义思想兼容，尽管表面上存在紧张点。然后，我们回顾了认知科学中最近的后认知主义语言研究方法，并探索了LR和活动框架相互丰富的方法。虽然语言的结构或范畴方面是LR研究的核心，但这些方面在后认知主义方法中通常被淡化，往往受到一阶语言实践和二阶结构之间的整合主义区分的影响。我们提出了一个具体的动态视角，旨在保留语言的系统特征，同时在多个时间尺度上将它们整合到语言与认知之间关系的动态理解中。

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引用次数: 0

The use of please in the expression of (im)politeness in the language of London teenagers and adults 在伦敦青少年和成人的语言中，用“请”来表示（不）礼貌

IF 1.7 2区文学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Language Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101703

Paloma Núñez Pertejo, Ignacio M. Palacios Martínez

This paper explores the expression of (im)politeness in the language of teenagers and adults, looking specifically at cases of so-called ‘pragmatic reversal’ (Mazzon, 2017; Fedriani, 2019), in which a politeness marker is used with a confrontational meaning to threaten face. We focus on the use of please, traditionally a courtesy marker, in contexts where it expresses either positive or negative (im)politeness (Culpeper, 2011; Leech, 2014; Aijmer, 2015; Taylor, 2016), drawing on data from the London English Corpus and the spoken component of the British National Corpus 2014. Our analysis of teen talk suggests that please is sometimes used by adolescent speakers when there is a clear mismatch between polite and impolite formulae (e.g., ‘What's that shitty thing please?’). Such processes of pragmatic reversal seem to contribute to harmonious relationships among teenagers, consolidating mutual bonds, which is of key importance during the teen years, in that the discourse of these young speakers is governed by socio-pragmatic norms which differ markedly from those of adults. The paper concludes by noting the significant role of speaker age in the study of (im)politeness, and hence the need to address this issue both in terms of definitions of (im)politeness theory and in the application of these to real data.

本文探讨了（im）礼貌在青少年和成人语言中的表达，特别关注所谓的“语用逆转”(Mazzon, 2017；Fedriani, 2019)，其中礼貌标记带有对抗性的意义来威胁脸。我们关注的是“请”这个传统上的礼貌标记在表达积极或消极礼貌的语境中的使用(Culpeper, 2011；水蛭,2014;Aijmer, 2015;Taylor, 2016)，利用伦敦英语语料库和2014年英国国家语料库的口语部分的数据。我们对青少年谈话的分析表明，当礼貌和不礼貌的表达方式明显不匹配时，青少年说话者有时会使用“please”（例如，“请问那是什么东西？”）。这种语用逆转过程似乎有助于青少年之间的和谐关系，巩固相互联系，这在青少年时期是至关重要的，因为这些年轻说话者的话语受到与成年人明显不同的社会语用规范的支配。本文最后指出说话人年龄在礼貌研究中的重要作用，因此需要从礼貌理论的定义和这些理论在实际数据中的应用两方面来解决这个问题。

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引用次数: 0

More to gesture than meets the (analyst's) eye? Querying the problem of online gestural loss from applied linguistics and psychotherapy perspectives 更多的是手势而不是（分析师）的眼睛？从应用语言学和心理治疗的角度探讨网络手势丢失问题

IF 1.7 2区文学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Language Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101692

Simon Harrison

When our social and professional spoken language activities become mediated by a screen technology, such as videoconferencing platforms, what happens to gesture? Out of the various research domains that have contended with this question, two are juxtaposed in this paper. Applied linguistics and psychotherapy differ as to the purpose of their field's speaking activities and the motivations of their practitioners, yet their professional activities share an emphasis on language, communication, participation, intersubjectivity, relational asymmetries, and ability or skill. Both domains are deeply concerned with the meaningful situation of being with others. They devote considerable attention to gesture, yet do so through different conceptual and methodological lenses, making their divergent conclusions about online gesture valuable to compare. Where applied linguists are finding gestural ‘loss’, ‘impossibility’, ‘absence’, and near ‘non-existence’, psychotherapists find not only negatives but also gestural ‘amplification’, ‘increase’, ‘closeness’, ‘enhancement’ and ‘overload’. This paper explores the different disciplinary lenses at play, asking what is meant by gesture and its criteria for online loss (or amplification) within and across these different domains of research.

当我们的社交和专业口语活动被屏幕技术（如视频会议平台）所调节时，手势会发生什么？在与这个问题争论的各种研究领域中，本文并列列出了两个领域。应用语言学和心理治疗在各自领域演讲活动的目的和从业者的动机上有所不同，但他们的专业活动都强调语言、沟通、参与、主体间性、关系不对称以及能力或技能。这两个领域都与与他人在一起的有意义的情况密切相关。他们对手势投入了相当多的关注，但却是通过不同的概念和方法透镜来做的，这使得他们关于在线手势的不同结论具有比较价值。在应用语言学家发现手势“损失”、“不可能”、“缺席”和“近乎不存在”的地方，心理治疗师发现的不仅是消极的，还有手势“放大”、“增加”、“亲近”、“增强”和“过载”。本文探讨了不同的学科视角，询问手势的含义及其在这些不同研究领域内和跨领域的在线损失（或放大）标准。

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引用次数: 0

Rhythm as an integration principle for modeling speech-action intersemiosis in classroom interaction: a social semiotic perspective 节奏作为模拟课堂互动中言语-动作间义的整合原则：一个社会符号学视角

IF 1.7 2区文学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Language Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101704

Xiaoqin Wu

A continuing challenge for scholars working with multimodal educational research is to devise theoretical and methodological tools that can effectively navigate the complexity and emergent meaning when different semiotic resources interact. This paper demonstrates how rhythm, as an integration principle, coordinates the interaction of speech and embodied action in classroom settings at multi-scalar temporalities. Transcription designs are also devised to capture and visualize the patterns of multimodal rhythmic interaction. Drawing on a social semiotic theorization of rhythm, the paper conducts nuanced multimodal analyses of video data documenting teacher-student embodied interaction. The paper first reports four types of multimodal rhythmic patterns in classroom interaction, showcasing how rhythms coordinate across participants and semiotic resources. It then demonstrates how the tempo of the speech rhythmically structures the embodied actions at different time scales, resulting in multimodal synchronies that are semantically motivated. Finally, the paper reveals that the multiple actions in a pedagogic practice, while themselves rhythmical, may not always be rhythmically integrated with speech. The paper contributes to existing studies of speech-action interplay by developing theoretical and methodological tools to capture and visualize their interactions. Observations developed in this paper can also potentially inform pedagogic practices that involve the co-deployment of speech and embodied action.

对于从事多模态教育研究的学者来说，一个持续的挑战是设计出理论和方法工具，能够有效地驾驭不同符号资源相互作用时的复杂性和突现意义。本文论证了节奏作为一种整合原则，如何在多尺度时态的课堂环境中协调言语和身具动作的互动。转录设计也被设计用来捕捉和可视化多模态节奏相互作用的模式。本文借鉴节奏的社会符号学理论，对记录师生具身互动的视频数据进行了细致入微的多模态分析。本文首先报道了课堂互动中的四种多模态节奏模式，展示了节奏如何在参与者和符号资源之间协调。然后，它展示了语言的节奏如何在不同的时间尺度上有节奏地组织具体的动作，从而产生语义驱动的多模态同步。最后，本文揭示了教学实践中的多种动作虽然本身具有节奏性，但并不总是与言语具有节奏性。本文通过开发理论和方法工具来捕捉和可视化语言-行动相互作用，为现有的语言-行动相互作用研究做出了贡献。本文中发展的观察也可以潜在地为涉及言语和具体行动共同部署的教学实践提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Participatory sense-making and knowing-in-connection in VR VR中的参与式意义构建和关联认知

IF 1.7 2区文学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Language Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101705

Nara Miranda de Figueiredo , Giovanni Rolla , Guilherme Nunes de Vasconcelos

In this paper we discuss human interaction and connection in Virtual Reality (VR). We focus on knowing-in-connection (KiC), a form of participatory sense-making (PSM) in which individuals understand and influence each other's perspectives while managing their own normativities. We propose that, in humans, KiC involves existentially grasping what is at stake for others and oneself in a mutually caring relationship. Subsequently, we resort to the allusory nature of VR experiences to explore whether KiC can be fostered in VR. According to this view, there is a biological limit to VR experiences. We also draw on the enactive theory to emphasize the constitutive role of affection in cognitive processes and to consider how PSM in VR involves distributed affective qualities and body identities that modulate relationship norms and interactive asymmetries. We conclude that for linguistic bodies the existential dimension of PSM, which is proper of KiC, will most likely not be instantiated in virtual environments. For, the limitation of VR interactions is not only biological: in human interaction, the existential dimension is also affected and it cannot be fully engaged virtually.

本文讨论了虚拟现实（VR）中人与人之间的互动和联系。我们关注的是联系中的认知（KiC），这是一种参与式意义形成（PSM）的形式，在这种形式中，个体在管理自己的规范性的同时理解并影响彼此的观点。我们认为，在人类中，KiC涉及在相互关心的关系中对他人和自己的利害关系的存在性把握。随后，我们借助VR体验的典故性来探讨是否可以在VR中培养KiC。根据这一观点，VR体验存在生物学上的限制。我们还利用行为理论来强调情感在认知过程中的构成作用，并考虑虚拟现实中的PSM如何涉及调节关系规范和互动不对称的分布式情感品质和身体身份。我们得出的结论是，对于语言体来说，PSM的存在维度（属于KiC）很可能不会在虚拟环境中实例化。因为，虚拟现实互动的局限性不仅仅是生物学上的：在人类的互动中，存在维度也受到影响，无法完全虚拟地参与。

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引用次数: 0

Naming multiplicity: Taíno ecolinguistics and naming conventions, and implications for language reclamation and decolonizing environmental relationalities 命名多样性：Taíno生态语言学和命名惯例，以及对语言回收和非殖民化环境关系的影响

IF 1.7 2区文学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Language Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101693

Jonathan James Fisk

After centuries of genocide and colonization, there is a burgeoning Taíno resurgence movement in Puerto Rico and the diaspora coinciding with mounting calls for the decolonization of the islands. Within the increasingly popular current of reconnecting with Taíno culture as an alternative to present colonial lifeways, there is considerable interest in learning Taíno language, although it remains unclear how to reclaim such a sleeping language in contemporary times. Likewise, people on the islands are recognizing the social-ecological importance of returning to more traditional, intimate relations with the lands. Addressing both of these interests within the Taíno resurgence movement, this study focuses on naming dynamics for the environment within Taíno language as a way to reveal details about ancestral relations with and conceptions of the environment (environmental relationalities). This project uses the recorded pre-colonial Taíno lexicon for the biotic environment to explore Taíno language ontologies and ideologies in relation to pre-colonial biocultural systems. By focusing on naming multiplicity – the degree to which individual taxa have multiple names associated with them – this paper explores how various aspects of Taíno biocultural systems relate to Taíno naming conventions, and what those trends reveal about the underlying language ontologies and ideologies. The Taíno lexicon shows an overall trend towards naming multiplicity when compared to Linnaean classifications, with greater biocultural intimacy and functionality being associated with higher naming multiplicity. These results indicate the importance of Taíno language reclamation efforts not just reviving the Taíno lexicon as it was recorded, but also operationalizing the language ideology of naming multiplicity and giving further name to the environment around us. Furthermore, cultivating intimate relations with the land will be integral for guiding naming practices within such efforts toward Taíno language reclamation and decolonizing our environmental relationalities.

在经历了几个世纪的种族灭绝和殖民化之后，波多黎各和散居海外的人出现了一场迅速兴起的Taíno复兴运动，同时要求这些岛屿非殖民化的呼声日益高涨。在与Taíno文化重新联系的日益流行的潮流中，作为当前殖民生活方式的一种选择，人们对学习Taíno语言有相当大的兴趣，尽管在当代如何恢复这种沉睡的语言尚不清楚。同样，岛上的人民也认识到恢复与土地之间更传统、更亲密关系的社会生态重要性。为了在Taíno复兴运动中解决这两个问题，本研究侧重于在Taíno语言中为环境命名动态，以此来揭示祖先与环境的关系和概念（环境关系）的细节。本项目使用记录的前殖民时期Taíno生物环境词汇来探索Taíno与前殖民时期生物文化系统相关的语言本体和意识形态。通过关注命名多样性——单个分类群有多个与其相关的名称的程度——本文探讨了Taíno生物文化系统的各个方面如何与Taíno命名约定相关，以及这些趋势揭示了潜在的语言本体和意识形态。与林奈分类相比，Taíno词典显示出命名多样性的总体趋势，更大的生物文化亲密性和功能与更高的命名多样性相关。这些结果表明，Taíno语言回收工作的重要性不仅在于恢复Taíno词汇的记录，而且还在于实现命名多样性的语言意识形态，并为我们周围的环境提供进一步的名称。此外，培养与土地的亲密关系将是在Taíno语言回收和非殖民化我们的环境关系的努力中指导命名实践的组成部分。

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引用次数: 0

Unravelling the competing dynamics of Chinese causative markers shi 使, ling 令, jiao1 叫 and jiao2 教: A diachronic analysis 汉语使役标记的竞争动态：历时分析

IF 1.7 2区文学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Language Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101701

Xiaoyu Tian , Dirk Speelman , Weiwei Zhang

This study uses multinomial logistic regression models and mixed-effects binomial logistic models to examine the factors influencing the choice of Chinese causative markers shi 使 (‘make’), ling 令 (‘make’), jiao1 叫 (‘let’) and jiao2 教 (‘let’) from the 14th to the 20th century. The analyses uncover the complex competing dynamics among these alternative ways to express causation. Specifically, our examination reveals an overlap of contextual features between jiao1 and jiao2, which is likely to have contributed to the decline of the latter as a causative marker in contemporary Chinese. In contrast, ling exhibits a distinct usage pattern characterized by [ling + ren (‘people/person’) + emotion] constructions, presumably allowing it to maintain a stable presence despite its lower frequency compared to the widely used marker, shi. We address the challenges of model convergence and model selection by synthesizing consistent outcomes from multiple logistic regression models, thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of the examined data.

本研究采用多项逻辑回归模型和混合效应二项逻辑回归模型，考察了14 - 20世纪汉语致因标记“令”、“令”、“让”和“让”选择的影响因素。这些分析揭示了这些表达因果关系的替代方式之间复杂的竞争动态。具体来说，我们的研究揭示了“jiao1”和“jiao2”之间的上下文特征重叠，这可能是导致“jiao1”在当代汉语中作为使役标记的衰落的原因。相比之下，“令”表现出一种独特的使用模式，其特征是“令”+“人”+“情感”结构，这可能使其保持稳定的存在，尽管与广泛使用的“是”相比，“令”的使用频率较低。我们通过综合多个逻辑回归模型的一致结果来解决模型收敛和模型选择的挑战，从而提供对检查数据的全面理解。

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引用次数: 0

Grammaticalization of prosodic configurations? The case of evidential interrogative in Spanish 韵律结构的语法化？西班牙语证据疑问句的案例

IF 1.7 2区文学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Language Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101691

Fernando Bermúdez

This study investigates how prosodic evidentials (i. e. evidential markers constituted solely by prosodic configurations, regardless of their lexical and grammatical content) can emerge and develop. This is exemplified by a type of interrogative intonation used to convey assertions presented as shared knowledge, a prosodic configuration that we call evidential interrogative. The conclusion drawn is that prosodic configurations marking evidential meaning develop analogously to lexical or morphological evidentials, thus undergoing a process comparable to grammaticalization (Traugott, 2003; Narrog and Heine, 2021). This entails a reconsideration of grammaticalization as a broader form of linguistic change, encompassing not only lexical items and constructions but also, for instance, prosodic configurations.

本研究探讨了韵律证据（即完全由韵律结构构成的证据标记，而不考虑其词汇和语法内容）是如何产生和发展的。例如，一种疑问句语调用于传达作为共享知识呈现的断言，我们称之为证据疑问句的韵律配置。由此得出的结论是，标记证据意义的韵律结构类似于词汇或形态证据的发展，因此经历了一个类似于语法化的过程(Traugott, 2003；narrow and Heine, 2021)。这需要重新考虑语法化，将其作为一种更广泛的语言变化形式，不仅包括词汇项目和结构，还包括韵律结构。

引用次数: 0

“Language art is to console those who are broken by life”: A discursive analysis of legitimation in Chinese comforting "语言艺术是为了安慰那些被生活击垮的人"：中文慰藉中合法化的话语分析

IF 1.7 2区文学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Language Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101674

Shuang Wei , Yansheng Mao , Yihang Wang

By defining comforting with reference to van Leeuwen's legitimation, this study aims to show how comforters achieve effective comforting through strategies oriented towards alliance, evaluation, and solution, respectively in the Chinese context. Results demonstrate that comforters discursively legitimate the comfortees’ actions and feelings through moral evaluation, rationalization, mythopoesis, authority, and various sub-strategies with Chinese characteristics, such as establishing an alliance with expressions of unavailability and moral tales, delivering positive evaluation through denial of negative self-evaluation, and offering solutions by rationalization and naturalization. We also argue that Chinese comforting strategies can be further explained in the cultural veins of Five Constant Virtues, so as to facilitate the understanding of comforting in the Chinese context.

本研究参照范-李欧梵的 "合法化 "理论对 "安慰 "进行了界定，旨在说明在中国语境中，安慰者如何分别通过联盟、评价和解决策略来实现有效的安慰。研究结果表明，安慰者通过道德评价、合理化、神话、权威以及各种具有中国特色的子策略，如通过表达不可得和道德故事建立联盟、通过否认消极自我评价传递积极评价、通过合理化和归化提供解决方案等，使被安慰者的行为和感受合法化。我们还认为，中国的安慰策略可以在 "五常德 "的文化脉络中得到进一步解释，从而促进对中国语境中安慰策略的理解。

引用次数: 0

Beyond definiteness: exploring epistemic and relational accounts of e-marked formulations in Persian interactions 超越确定性：探索波斯语互动中电子标记表述的认识论和关系论述

IF 1.7 2区文学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Language Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101675

Ahmad Izadi

In spoken colloquial Persian, there exists the particle ‘e’, which can be suffixed to the bare nominals (as in pesar-e: boy-e), nominals with some definite markers like demonstratives (as in in pesar-e: this boy-e) and some nominals with indefinite markers (as in ye pesar-e: a boy-e) (Nikravan, 2014; Heusinger and Sadeghpoor, 2020). This particle, termed as ‘enclitic -e’, has been insufficiently described in the literature and even this insufficient description predominantly draws on constructed sentences. The empirical investigation that underlies the present study revisits the ‘e’-marked nominal formulations in the context of making references to nouns in naturally occurring conversations to identify its multifaceted functions. It is demonstrated throughout the paper that the enclitic e marks a noun or a nominal group to denote both the speaker and recipient's (assumed) equal epistemic access to the referent, although the speaker may need some interactional work with the recipient to share his epistemic access with them. Furthermore, through this marked way of reference formulations, the speakers do more than simply referring by orienting to some measure of relational separation with the referent. Overall, the analyses reveal delicate moments of interactional work in terms of epistemic and relational functions of the e-marked formulations of the referents, and as such contribute to the research on the pragmatic and interactional view of definiteness in light of epistemics and relating theories.

在波斯语口语中，存在着 "e "这个语素，它可以后缀于空名词（如 pesar-e：boy-e）、带有一些定语标记（如在 pesar-e：this boy-e）的名词和一些带有不定语标记（如 ye pesar-e：a boy-e）的名词（Nikravan，2014；Heusinger 和 Sadeghpoor，2020）。这种被称为 "附带 -e "的微粒在文献中的描述并不充分，即使是这种不充分的描述也主要是以结构句为基础的。本研究的实证调查是在自然会话中提及名词的语境中重新审视 "e "标记的名词性表述，以确定其多方面的功能。研究结果表明，"e "标记名词或名词组，表示说话人和受话人（假定）对指称物有平等的认识能力，尽管说话人可能需要与受话人进行一些互动，才能与他们分享自己的认识能力。此外，通过这种明显的指代表述方式，说话者所做的不仅仅是简单的指代，而是导向与所指之间某种程度的关系分离。总之，分析揭示了电子标记的指代表述在认识论和关系论功能方面微妙的互动工作时刻，因此有助于根据认识论和关系论对确定性的语用和互动观点进行研究。

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引用次数: 0