Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101603
Ivan Lacić
Maximizers represent a subclass of degree modifiers that convey the highest degree to which a property can be carried out. This paper studies five Croatian near-synonymous maximizers (all meaning “completely, totally”), viz. posve, potpuno, sasvim, skroz, and totalno, as a part of <maximizer + adjective> construction. It is assumed here that analysed pairings act as (semi)-prefabricated units with maximizers that impose particular modes of construal. To analyse the subtle semantic differences of examined maximizers, we shall turn to the distributional hypothesis and examine contexts in which maximizers occur. Using a combination of analytical statistics (collostructional analysis) and multifactorial methods (hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis and correspondence analysis), we aim to examine similarities (proximities) and differences (distances) between analysed constructions in order to understand intricate relationships among maximizers, fostering valuable insights into their semantics. The findings of this study provide insight into the interplay of the Croatian maximizers and adjectives.
{"title":"A corpus-based study of maximizer–adjective patterns in Croatian","authors":"Ivan Lacić","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Maximizers represent a subclass of degree modifiers that convey the highest degree to which a property can be carried out. This paper studies five Croatian near-synonymous maximizers (all meaning “completely, totally”), viz. <em>posve</em>, <em>potpuno</em>, <em>sasvim</em>, <em>skroz,</em> and <em>totalno</em>, as a part of <maximizer + adjective> construction. It is assumed here that analysed pairings act as (semi)-prefabricated units with maximizers that impose particular modes of construal. To analyse the subtle semantic differences of examined maximizers, we shall turn to the distributional hypothesis and examine contexts in which maximizers occur. Using a combination of analytical statistics (collostructional analysis) and multifactorial methods (hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis and correspondence analysis), we aim to examine similarities (proximities) and differences (distances) between analysed constructions in order to understand intricate relationships among maximizers, fostering valuable insights into their semantics. The findings of this study provide insight into the interplay of the Croatian maximizers and adjectives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0388000123000682/pdfft?md5=15343bf3e7daff17e1342aa5f5f8a85e&pid=1-s2.0-S0388000123000682-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138436062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101598
Teresa Fanego
Recent psycholinguistic studies have revealed an important distinction in narrative discourse between bounded and unbounded language use. Bounded language use is typical of Germanic languages other than English and involves the holistic presentation of situations, with clauses construed as self-contained units attaining a point of completion. Unbounded language use, in turn, groups events into larger complexes of roughly simultaneous events, each event of which is still open when the next one begins. This contrast between English and the other Germanic languages has been accounted for by the claim that English began its history as a bounded language, but shifted to unbounded following the decline, from the fifteenth century onwards, of the Verb-second (V2) constraint on word order. According to this hypothesis, the loss of V2 made possible the grammaticalization of the be progressive, a device that encourages unboundedness. The present article expands on this line of research and examines seven constructions which developed at around the same time and which together are taking English in the direction of unbounded construal; it is argued that the drift in English from a bounded to an unbounded system may have been instigated by the contact situation between Old English speakers and Old Norse speakers in the Danelaw area.
{"title":"English motion and progressive constructions, and the typological drift from bounded to unbounded discourse construal","authors":"Teresa Fanego","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent psycholinguistic studies have revealed an important distinction in narrative discourse between bounded and unbounded language use. Bounded language use is typical of Germanic languages other than English and involves the holistic presentation of situations, with clauses construed as self-contained units attaining a point of completion. Unbounded language use, in turn, groups events into larger complexes of roughly simultaneous events, each event of which is still open when the next one begins. This contrast between English and the other Germanic languages has been accounted for by the claim that English began its history as a bounded language, but shifted to unbounded following the decline, from the fifteenth century onwards, of the Verb-second (V2) constraint on word order. According to this hypothesis, the loss of V2 made possible the grammaticalization of the <span>be</span> progressive, a device that encourages unboundedness. The present article expands on this line of research and examines seven constructions which developed at around the same time and which together are taking English in the direction of unbounded construal; it is argued that the drift in English from a bounded to an unbounded system may have been instigated by the contact situation between Old English speakers and Old Norse speakers in the Danelaw area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0388000123000633/pdfft?md5=0efbf78111479c65b3cc84205e6aab46&pid=1-s2.0-S0388000123000633-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92090825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101599
Muhammad Shaban Rafi , Rebecca Kanak Fox
The present study proposes a linguistic habitat that may evoke people's first language (L1) to support a better understanding of current environmental catastrophes and address one pathway to support solution finding. A purposive participant sample consisted of 25 undergraduate students majoring in linguistics was selected to provide input regarding how their first language (Balochi, Balti, Pashto, Punjabi, and Sindhi) might approach ecological problems and consider its role in promoting ecosolidarity. While considering the epistemological perspectives offered by ecolinguistics, the qualitative data were analyzed to determine linguistic resources (words and structures) employed by the participants to describe aspects of the environmental crisis. As an element of the analysis, findings were also explored through quantitative percentages of representation. Findings revealed that while describing the natural environment in Urdu and English, the two official, and dominant languages of Pakistan, the participants often borrowed words and used structures that did not connect directly to first language terminology. This situation not only may result in misunderstandings and misinterpretation of subsequent actions for change, but it also suggests that multiple world voices as native speaker tongues may not have played an integral role in messaging to a broad population of speakers across Pakistan. The study suggests that purposeful, ecological language planning and the application of ecological content to local languages should be part of the ecological dialogue because they have the potential to promote deeper understanding at individual and collective societal levels.
{"title":"Exploring the role of first language in ecological awareness and communication across Pakistan: A mixed method study","authors":"Muhammad Shaban Rafi , Rebecca Kanak Fox","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study proposes a linguistic habitat that may evoke people's first language (L1) to support a better understanding of current environmental catastrophes and address one pathway to support solution finding. A purposive participant sample consisted of 25 undergraduate students majoring in linguistics was selected to provide input regarding how their first language (Balochi, Balti, Pashto, Punjabi, and Sindhi) might approach ecological problems and consider its role in promoting ecosolidarity. While considering the epistemological perspectives offered by ecolinguistics, the qualitative data were analyzed to determine linguistic resources (words and structures) employed by the participants to describe aspects of the environmental crisis. As an element of the analysis, findings were also explored through quantitative percentages of representation. Findings revealed that while describing the natural environment in Urdu and English, the two official, and dominant languages of Pakistan, the participants often borrowed words and used structures that did not connect directly to first language terminology. This situation not only may result in misunderstandings and misinterpretation of subsequent actions for change, but it also suggests that multiple world voices as native speaker tongues may not have played an integral role in messaging to a broad population of speakers across Pakistan. The study suggests that purposeful, ecological language planning and the application of ecological content to local languages should be part of the ecological dialogue because they have the potential to promote deeper understanding at individual and collective societal levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0388000123000645/pdfft?md5=424851da6c820373ee84c6a6c0610d44&pid=1-s2.0-S0388000123000645-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92005342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101588
Catherine Read
In this study an integrational linguistic approach to metaphor is used in the context of an ecological psychology study of novel metaphor creation by adults in a structured conversation setting. This paper forms an example of the proposed complementarity of integrational linguistics (Harris, 1981) and ecological psychology (Gibson, 1979; Jones and Read, 2023) by providing a study of novel metaphor that eschews the traditional “coded carrier of message” assumptions about language, as well as the traditional “knowledge is mental representation” assumptions of representationalist cognitive psychology. Instead, novel metaphor is presented as the sine qua non of the creation of signs in the process of communication, and that creation is proposed to be founded on the perception of invariants across different naturally occurring kinds of objects and events (cf., Read & Szokolszky, 2016). The practice of metaphor is taken as a special case of perceptually guided kinematic semiology. This study describes the practice of metaphor by adults in a structured experimental situation designed to present metaphoric resemblance and to encourage the practice of metaphor with guiding verbal instructions. Such a study allows explication of the integrational method as applied to structured conversational settings. Although the conversation and context were designed to draw attention to metaphoric resemblance and to encourage verbal metaphor, not everyone practiced metaphor, showing that the practice is not determined by context. When metaphor was created, the form often mirrored the perceptual invariants available to the perceiver, i.e., motion or stationary resemblances. No one created exactly the same metaphor even in this consistent context, which emphasizes the creative aspect of metaphor as a prototype of sign creation, with its core properties of novelty, enhanced interest and noticeableness. I make the following central points: communicating by creating and integrating signs is the foundation of language; metaphor is the prototype of the creation of signs, the creation of novel metaphor in conversation is a practice that enhances communication, even in structured experimental settings; and conversation can be studied as the ongoing process of sign integration, that is, as perceptually guided kinematic semiology. The current study shows that metaphor as a practice in conversation is closely coordinated with the perception of metaphoric resemblance and the request to talk about objects and events that are alike metaphorically. Finally, it is argued that direct perception is the best approach on which to found an account of metaphor in communication.
在本研究中,隐喻的整合语言学方法被应用于一项关于成人在结构化会话环境中创造新隐喻的生态心理学研究。本文是整合语言学(Harris, 1981)和生态心理学(Gibson, 1979;Jones and Read, 2023),通过提供一种新颖的隐喻研究,避开了传统的关于语言的“信息的编码载体”假设,以及表征主义认知心理学的传统“知识是心理表征”假设。相反,新奇的隐喻被认为是在交流过程中创造符号的必要条件,而这种创造被认为是建立在对不同自然发生的物体和事件的不变量的感知之上的(参见Read &Szokolszky, 2016)。隐喻的实践被看作是感知引导的运动符号学的一个特例。本研究描述了成人在一个结构化的实验情境中的隐喻实践,该情境旨在呈现隐喻相似性,并通过指导性的言语指令鼓励隐喻的实践。这样的研究可以解释应用于结构化会话设置的整合方法。虽然对话和语境的设计是为了引起人们对隐喻相似性的注意,并鼓励言语隐喻,但并不是每个人都练习隐喻,这表明实践不是由语境决定的。当隐喻被创造出来时,其形式往往反映了感知者可用的感知不变性,即运动或静止的相似性。即使在这种一致的背景下,也没有人创造出完全相同的隐喻,这强调了隐喻作为标志创作原型的创造性方面,其核心属性是新颖性,增强了趣味性和引人注目性。我提出以下中心观点:通过创造和整合符号进行交流是语言的基础;隐喻是创造符号的原型,在对话中创造新颖的隐喻是一种加强交流的实践,即使是在结构化的实验环境中;对话可以作为符号整合的持续过程来研究,也就是说,作为感知引导的运动符号学。目前的研究表明,隐喻作为一种会话实践,与隐喻相似性的感知以及以隐喻方式谈论相似的物体和事件的要求密切相关。最后,本文认为直接感知是解释交际中隐喻的最佳途径。
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Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101587
Leonie Cornips , Marjo van Koppen
In our consideration of how to decentre an anthropocentric view in linguistics, we will address the following research question: how do dairy cows and humans imbue their interspecies interaction as a semiotic resource with meaning that makes sense for both species under specific social conditions (Jørgensen, 2008:167). We address the question by using a social-interactional approach informed by conversation analysis (CA) (Goodwin, 2017, Mondada, 2016, 2018; Mondémé, 2021), which enables us to examine what the dairy cow makes relevant in the sequential organisation when interacting with a human.
We show that the dairy cows make gaze important in their interaction. Gaze alone is sufficient to mobilize human interlocutor response, and gaze withdrawal by the human should take place for a successful communication (case-study 1 versus study 2). The case-studies of dairy cow–human interactions show that these interactions include much more than (human) sounds and (human) signs only: language is taken as languaging, as a social practice, embedded in a multimodal interactional exchange (Levinson and Holler 2014) that includes nonhuman animals as well. This also implies that linguists should therefore look beyond ‘sound’ and ‘sign’.
{"title":"Multimodal dairy cow–human interaction in an intensive farming context","authors":"Leonie Cornips , Marjo van Koppen","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In our consideration of how to decentre an anthropocentric view in linguistics, we will address the following research question: how do dairy cows and humans imbue their interspecies interaction as a semiotic resource with meaning that makes sense for both species under specific social conditions (Jørgensen, 2008:167). We address the question by using a social-interactional approach informed by conversation analysis (CA) (Goodwin, 2017, Mondada, 2016, 2018; Mondémé, 2021), which enables us to examine what the dairy cow makes relevant in the sequential organisation when interacting with a human.</p><p>We show that the dairy cows make gaze important in their interaction. Gaze alone is sufficient to mobilize human interlocutor response, and gaze withdrawal by the human should take place for a successful communication (case-study 1 versus study 2). The case-studies of dairy cow–human interactions show that these interactions include much more than (human) sounds and (human) signs only: language is taken as languaging, as a social practice, embedded in a multimodal interactional exchange (Levinson and Holler 2014) that includes nonhuman animals as well. This also implies that linguists should therefore look beyond ‘sound’ and ‘sign’.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71774817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101584
Francis Cornish
Mackenzie (2020) is a defense of the position adopted by the architects of the standard model of Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG): namely that the model cannot (and even could never) be considered a ‘grammar of discourse’. The article examines the arguments given for rejecting the ‘discourse’ dimension from the FDG model, proposes an independent account of discourse, and suggests a means of dovetailing it within a model of the wider utterance context. On the one hand, the author's arguments are in the main valid: for ‘discourse’, as characterized in section 3, is not a formal, clearly delineated object amenable to systematic treatment within a grammatical model of a given language. Yet on the other, it is arguable that even the presence of the term ‘discourse’ in the model's name is not in fine justified. Notwithstanding, in order to include the ‘discourse dimension’ (section 3), it is argued that the Core FDG model could be integrated with a broader model of the utterance context involved. This would enable it to account more adequately, for example, for the ways in which indexical reference, the lexicon and adjectival modification operate in actual texts. In turn, it would influence certain of the other characterizations independently assigned within the Core model.
{"title":"On the place and role of ‘discourse’ in the Functional Discourse Grammar model. The interface between language system and language use","authors":"Francis Cornish","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mackenzie (2020) is a defense of the position adopted by the architects of the standard model of Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG): namely that the model cannot (and even could never) be considered a ‘grammar of discourse’. The article examines the arguments given for rejecting the ‘discourse’ dimension from the FDG model, proposes an independent account of discourse, and suggests a means of dovetailing it within a model of the wider utterance context. On the one hand, the author's arguments are in the main valid: for ‘discourse’, as characterized in section 3, is not a formal, clearly delineated object amenable to systematic treatment within a grammatical model of a given language. Yet on the other, it is arguable that even the presence of the term ‘discourse’ in the model's name is not <em>in fine</em> justified. Notwithstanding, in order to include the ‘discourse dimension’ (section 3), it is argued that the Core FDG model could be integrated with a broader model of the utterance context involved. This would enable it to account more adequately, for example, for the ways in which indexical reference, the lexicon and adjectival modification operate in actual texts. In turn, it would influence certain of the other characterizations independently assigned within the Core model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49888671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101583
Abduwali Rahman , Zhenqian Liu
This study is an attempt to investigate the psychological reality and cognitive priority of three layers of linguistic meaning—what is said, impliciture, and implicature. According to the literal-first serial processing model, what is said is psychologically real and is required to draw an impliciture and/or implicature. By contrast, the impliciture-by-default processing model argues that there is psychological reality for impliciture and implicature but not for what is said, and that impliciture has cognitive priority over the other two levels. Finally, the parallel processing model does not make a strong assumption about the temporal order of interpretation. A mouse-tracking experiment in a listening comprehension task was designed to test the predictions of the three accounts. It examined how participants grasp the three levels of meaning in two tests, one in which a preferred interpretation of an utterance (either with what is said, impliciture or implicature) is confirmed and another where this interpretation is negated. Results show that participants were consciously aware of each of the three meanings in both tests. Their comprehension was more accurate and faster when they were prompted for what is said and implicitures compared to implicatures in the confirmation test. But they were delayed in processing time for implicitures in the negation test. Furthermore, they exhibited different comprehension patterns across different impliciture and implicature types. Thus, the current study provides mixed evidence for the existing theories of linguistic meaning by failing to find strong support for any of them. By showing how to integrate the three traditional models, this study suggests a way forward that what is said has psychological reality and impliciture has a special cognitive status depending on the context and yet that pragmatic inferences may vary in degree across utterance types.
{"title":"The cognitive psychological distinctions between levels of meaning","authors":"Abduwali Rahman , Zhenqian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study is an attempt to investigate the psychological reality and cognitive priority of three layers of linguistic meaning—what is said, impliciture, and implicature. According to the literal-first serial processing model, what is said is psychologically real and is required to draw an impliciture and/or implicature. By contrast, the impliciture-by-default processing model argues that there is psychological reality for impliciture and implicature but not for what is said, and that impliciture has cognitive priority over the other two levels. Finally, the parallel processing model does not make a strong assumption about the temporal order of interpretation. A mouse-tracking experiment in a listening comprehension task was designed to test the predictions of the three accounts. It examined how participants grasp the three levels of meaning in two tests, one in which a preferred interpretation of an utterance (either with what is said, impliciture or implicature) is confirmed and another where this interpretation is negated. Results show that participants were consciously aware of each of the three meanings in both tests. Their comprehension was more accurate and faster when they were prompted for what is said and implicitures compared to implicatures in the confirmation test. But they were delayed in processing time for implicitures in the negation test. Furthermore, they exhibited different comprehension patterns across different impliciture and implicature types. Thus, the current study provides mixed evidence for the existing theories of linguistic meaning by failing to find strong support for any of them. By showing how to integrate the three traditional models, this study suggests a way forward that what is said has psychological reality and impliciture has a special cognitive status depending on the context and yet that pragmatic inferences may vary in degree across utterance types.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49888673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101582
Takuya Inoue
The ecological perspective of language has gained prominence in linguistics over the past two decades. Since its anti-representationalist and anti-cognitivist stance, the ecological approach faces a challenge in reconciling with modern linguistic theories: While the ecological approach focuses on the dynamic aspects of language, it has been criticized for needing help to account for stable linguistic meaning. To address this issue, Cognitive Linguistics is the best candidate for giving an ecological account of static meaning. Also, I introduce the concept of design to establish the ecological model of language and demonstrate how this model can describe linguistic meaning within an ecological framework. Cognitive Linguistics develops into the ecological theory of meaning through these steps, namely ecological semantics.
{"title":"Toward an ecological model of language: from cognitive linguistics to ecological semantics","authors":"Takuya Inoue","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ecological perspective of language has gained prominence in linguistics over the past two decades. Since its anti-representationalist and anti-cognitivist stance, the ecological approach faces a challenge in reconciling with modern linguistic theories: While the ecological approach focuses on the dynamic aspects of language, it has been criticized for needing help to account for stable linguistic meaning. To address this issue, Cognitive Linguistics is the best candidate for giving an ecological account of static meaning. Also, I introduce the concept of design to establish the ecological model of language and demonstrate how this model can describe linguistic meaning within an ecological framework. Cognitive Linguistics develops into the ecological theory of meaning through these steps, namely ecological semantics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49888672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101585
John Collins
Generative linguistics is often claimed by Chomsky to have a 'Galilean style', which is intended to position linguistics as a science continuous with standard practise in the natural sciences. These claims, however, are more suggestive than explanatory. The paper will, first, explain just what a Galilean style is. It will then be argued that its application to two key notions in generative linguistics - the competence/performance distinction (with reference to centre-embedding) and the notion of computation - demands a departure from what we might expect of a Galilean style. In this sense, the epithet is misleading. It will also be shown, however, that the 'Galilean' label is appropriate once we factor in the difference between a science concerned with kinematics (the relations between objects in space and time) and one concerned with language.
{"title":"Generative linguistics: ‘Galilean style’","authors":"John Collins","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Generative linguistics is often claimed by Chomsky to have a 'Galilean style', which is intended to position linguistics as a science continuous with standard practise in the natural sciences. These claims, however, are more suggestive than explanatory. The paper will, first, explain just what a Galilean style is. It will then be argued that its application to two key notions in generative linguistics - the competence/performance distinction (with reference to centre-embedding) and the notion of computation - demands a departure from what we might expect of a Galilean style. In this sense, the epithet is misleading. It will also be shown, however, that the 'Galilean' label is appropriate once we factor in the difference between a science concerned with kinematics (the relations between objects in space and time) and one concerned with language.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49888675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-06DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101586
Fred Cummins, Luciana Longo
We consider chanting, or joint speech, which is ubiquitous, but not evenly distributed, in human activity. Taking an observational stance motivated by embodied cognitive science, we approach this topic without assumptions of the structure of persons, social formations, culture, or nature. This restrictive starting point motivates the use of a simple empirical definition of joint speech (the utterance by multiple persons of the same sounds at the same time) to allow us to induce four distinguished domains of assembly and communion among persons. These may be loosely indicated by the familiar terms of ritual, sports, protest and primary education. We use our empirical definition to induce these domains, and then consider how they might be regarded jointly. We are not aware of any social or psychological theory that would generate these four domains, and we suggest that our restricted mode of observation may be of use in the collective consideration of human patterning, without the common assumptions of cognitivism.
{"title":"The empirical discovery of domains of assembly and communion","authors":"Fred Cummins, Luciana Longo","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We consider chanting, or joint speech, which is ubiquitous, but not evenly distributed, in human activity. Taking an observational stance motivated by embodied cognitive science, we approach this topic without assumptions of the structure of persons, social formations, culture, or nature. This restrictive starting point motivates the use of a simple empirical definition of joint speech (the utterance by multiple persons of the same sounds at the same time) to allow us to induce four distinguished domains of assembly and communion among persons. These may be loosely indicated by the familiar terms of ritual, sports, protest and primary education. We use our empirical definition to induce these domains, and then consider how they might be regarded jointly. We are not aware of any social or psychological theory that would generate these four domains, and we suggest that our restricted mode of observation may be of use in the collective consideration of human patterning, without the common assumptions of cognitivism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49888674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}